(Head Office) BRDS, 1st-2nd-4th-6th Floor, 100 Building, Nr. Rajyi Arcade, Between Gurukul and Manav Mandir, Drive-In Road, Gurukul, ‘Ahmedabad-380052, Gujarat my LF ey seeds Paps zee BHANWAR RATHORE DESIGN STUDIO ‘Mt Dain an Porte Conataney [ND /NIFT/ CRED NATA, CEPT Eran Conching nits ater for rate Coun OlySr.no Topics Page No. 1 Plan and Elevation 1 2 Observation skills- hidden words 2 a Evolution of products and objects 6 4 Basic Animation 10 5 Materials and their making process 16 6 Photography 27 7 Skins and textures 32 8 Identification of musical instrum, 37 9 Arthistory 46 10 Paintings in India 63 11 69 2 86Observation and design sensi Yy Ability to detect concealed properties in ordinary things, people, situations, and events, and tl \g critically about them. Applying attention to certain details. You can be asked questions to Identifying objects photographed from plan and elevation views. a www rathoredesign.com 1vw. rathoredesign.comvw. rathoredesign.comAnswers Fire extinguisher Fork Lamp Cello tape in holder Hole puncher Bulldog clip Kettle = S Glass Hammer Flowerpot QD Stapler vw. rathoredesign.comObservation skills - Hidden Words and Objects The below exercises will help you improve your observation skills, Here you will be shown, illusion pictures in which you are required to find the hidden words. See the picture below and try to identify the words. é he ‘The trick is to assume two parallel lines on the top and bottom ef the picture, so as to build an outer block for clear visualization as shown below One more example aw a l we www.rathoredesign.com 8Evolution of Products Questions like arrange the objects/products from past to present were usually called 45 evolution of objects. This type of questions were asked to check your observation and identification skills; generally required for product and industrial designers. Let us see some examples under evolution, Evolution of Television 70208 To40s 79508 79608 BOF 19808 19908 20008 20108 Evolution of Telephone Che) ag mae www. rathoredesign.com 6Evolution of Mobile phones ‘wwwurathoredesign.comEvolution of computers \whwa. rethoredesign com 81999 vs, 1948 Chevrolet Prom shige 10 tomato lig model 1948 vs. 1963 1978 vs. 1993 Lineoin 1993 vs. 2008 Toyota Mae nl cohtion Source: soure! Soure: herp://thernacawafiles.wordpress.com. hittp:/fveoemociones.com Source: http:/foaogeraldes. tiles. wordpress.cor Source: http:/fjoaoger aldes. tiles. wordpress.com Source: http:/fdukedesign.co Source: http://4.bp.biogspot.com Source: http://wikimedia.com Source: https://fbcdn-sphotes-c-a.akamaihd.net Source: http:/fluxuryforthehome.com Source: http:/fwww.joesherlack.com ‘wwwurathoredesign.comBasic Animation Step-to-step animation means- way of generating a group of almost identical positiones pictures; as moving animation or video. This kind of framing sequence of images are most important and key tool for animation designers. In U-CEED exam, you will be given seme set of figures in different positions with a missing picture in betwoon, which - you are required to identity from the options, Example shown below FES FF This type of questions can be done by close observation of the given pictures, their suctessive movernent/position. Most iraportantly if you are aware of different positions, then it will become very easy for you to identify the correct position. In order to help you with this, [had included many such movernents for ygujereference, Go through them and observe each movementin the successive sequenc oing through them, let me discuss two examples and make you learn on fy the correct step - based on your observation of themovernents. Exar uestion is to identify the missing picture/pattern. XY Ok, here ishow I solve this question : The first picture (leit one) of the question depicts that the right leg of the image (the leg that isin front to us) is in front and straight postion, likewise the left leg that is on the other side of the person) is straight and is back. So, the person is about to take a step with his right leg. Also note the position of hands. The second image is quite opposite to the first image. Now the mi¢dle picture should be in Nee ‘wwe athoredesign com 40transition between the two posters (legs and hands). The right leg should be in bent jon and in fact it should be in middle, touching the ground and the left lag should be {he just took step] 2nd probably in bent position. So, position in 6 option suits. Example - 2. The question is to identify the missing picture/pattern. ge eer ae ° Lo w If you closely inspect the first pattern in the the hind legs (beck legs) were out toteke a push or jump. IF air while the front legs ere: ‘the ground. So possibly the dog Ok, here is how | solve this question 1" ‘ww rathoredasign combook ater he SPIE Is Doin & S&B HED CERTAINLY SPREAD Wis FEET FieSt AND BEND WIS KNEES - AND GET AS CLOSe To “To WENGHT AS POSIBLE, z z 4 seca ) stent ‘ TE ADIUSS HIMSELF = Bopy GOES PACK = TIES To Ger $2 AS TONOT QAWASE RS HE LIFTS WALDERNE Baek, AH Fincean, Me POST ia Tee REVERSE WAIT A HERNIA, Peer in: AS He TRIE ee OETA ¥: PURCHARE — SrPticinens KNEE sure PME RISK O8 UNATERR, www. rathoredesign.com 12Human Movements SELLA LEAS WE GO FORIHRD ad) pon 4) SACRE WE GO UP. uy oe BA | \ | JN ANICIPATEE BACK Gos ewan xe “Te Ge remneD he DOU 780 ‘wwe athoredesign com 8Materials: questions to identify the material we use in everyday life and their making process can be asked. So this section covers the details of materials and their making process. Milk, water bottles and containers . Process : Blow molding (Extrusive nature) * Material : Polyethylene (high density) Tae er | Drees cIMecsaia TFs | PLT Ys WWW.HDPE-CONTA.:.ER 5.COM www. rathoredesign.com 16High density water bottles were also used for detergents, shampoos, motor oil, milk, drugs, cosmetic and other liquid products. . Process : Extrusion © Material : Polystyrene foam €¢ (Disposable glass) vow rathoredesign.com 7(Pack box) Beverage and perfume bottles . Process : Extrusion . Material : Aluminium ‘www.rathoredesign.com 18Tea cups, glass or mugs Ceramic cups are ideal for coffee or hot drinks © Process : Slip casting mold © Material: Ceramic (Porcelain) (Ceramic mug) Water Glass © Process: Press molding * Material : Glass (silica) (Water Glass } Glass Jars www rathoredesign.com 19Narrow-neck containers . Process : Blow molding - blow and blow method © material : Molten glass (silica) Jars and tapered narrow-neck containers © Process : Press and blow method © Material : Molten glass (silica) Hollow Plastic Chairs © Process : Rotational molding * Material : PVC (Poly vinyl chloride) (Hollow chairs) Solid Plastic Chairs . process : Injection molding . material : PVC chairs) www_rathoredesign comOk, as we had seen materials used for some basic household products, we will now see process-wise examples (below). (A) Process: Thermoforming technique Examples: Disposable plastic cups, spoons, forks and lids Material: Polypropylene or Polystyrene sheets. (Used for Ice-cream, dairy products, industries, hotels canteens as disposable products including packing items) Others products from Thermof 1.Containers, trays - Polyst 2.Food packing - Polypropylene. 3.Blisters - Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 4.Vehicle doors - PVC. 5.Medical tray and lid products (Blister) www. tathoredesign.com at(Poly carbonate medical trays} Other products from this process being refrigerator liners, some medical and industrial products. B) Process : Injection moldin; Most of the plastic products available today are m: process. (injection moldings) Example: ‘* Bottle caps - Polyester * One-piece chairs - Polypropylene www.rathoredesign.com 2(One piece chair) ‘Small tables - Ploy vinyl chloride (PVC) For storage containers avoid using P polystyrene and Polyurethane. © Packaging - Polyethylene (Package box) Automotive dashboards - Poly Vinyl Chloricie (PVC) Wire spools - Nylon Plastic household chairs and furniture’s ~ Polypropylene www.rathoredesign.com. 23(C) Process : Rotational molding ‘Storage tanks - polyethylene road signs and bollards - Acrylic Bins - Polyethylene helmets - Fiber reinforced polymer Other examples: Planters, pet houses, toys etc. {not having tapering or varying section) and commonly extruded materials are metals, polymers, ceramics etc, extrusions) Examples 1.Corrosion free rods, automobile parts, pipe fittings; material - Alumi 2.Wire, rods, bars, tubes and welding electrodes; material : copper 3.Plastic tubing pipes, rods, rails, seals, sheets or films; material : Plastic (PVC) 4 Fire extinguisher cases, shock absorb cylinders. (E) Process : Transfer molding (Usually Themoset plastics were used) Examples: electrical appliance parts, electronic connectors, coils, Integrated circuits, Plugs, Utensil handles ~ Polypropylene www rathoredesign.com 24(G) Process: Blow molding Blow molding mainly produces "Hollow plastic” parts. * water and milk bottles - Polyethylene (high density) . Most Polyethylene hollow products, milk bottles, shampoo bottles, watering cans and drums The most commonly used everyday material - Plastics. Plastics (commonly termed as Polymers) were basically categorized as Thermoplastics and Thermosets. Thermosets * Properties : Harder, durable tough and light * Examples: 1Unsaturated polyester - Furniture, varnishes 2.Epoxies and Resins : Glues, coatings for el its, pipes and cables 3 Fiberglass : boats, helicopter blade: (Thermosets cannot be reused, because RS ed the plastic tends to break) Thermoplastics Properties : softer, flexible (Unlike Thermosets, Thermoplastics can be heated, melted as welll as reused) Polyethylene : Examples packaging, electrical insulation, milk and water bottles, milk jugs and jug, caps, packaging film, liquid laundry detergent bottles, gas pipes and fittings as well as retail store bags. Some other products are tubs, portable gasoline cans, water and sewer pipes. Polyproy 3 Examples : Carpet fibers, automobile bumpers, microwave containers, prosthetic body parts, rope, piping systems, car batteries as well as insulation for electric cables. Most of the reusable plastic food containers and clear storage bins were made from PP. www.rathoredesign.com 2Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Examples : Floor and wall coverings, cards (debit and credit), vehicle meter panels. Plasticized form of PVC may be used for making hoses, tubing, coats, jackets and more. Most of the PVC material is used in the construction industry like for drain pipes, roofing sheets etc. Polystyrene One of the most widely used kinds of plastic. Can be transparent or any color. Example: Bakery, dairy type of food packaging, disposable cups, lids, plates, bowls and trays (like for meat and egg). Some important thermoplastic materials were: Acryli Products: Aquariums, motorcycle helmet visor, ait lows, lens of exterior lights of automobiles. Extensively used to make signs, BOS. Nylon and Nylon fibers: Products : Parachutes, rope, cary wusieal instrument strings. In bulk form Nylon is used for machine screws, gear wer tool casings. Teflon : Is mostly used as lubricants as well as coatings for mechanical parts like gears, bearings and bushings. www.rathoredesign.com 28Photography Questions related to basic photography can be asked in the U-CEED exam 1. Asmall camera, the kind that can fit in your pocket DSLR DSSR Disposable Point-and-shoot Answer Point-and-shoot 2. Larger more expensive cameras which have a body which you can attach different lenses to, used by professionals and hobbyists DSLR DSSR Disposable Point-and-shoot SP Answer Qs DSLR 3. Electronic flash memory rage device used for st ing digital information. Memory Card Flash Drive Flash Card Tripod Answer Memory Card 4, Secure Digital cards are small memory devices that can be inserted into some electronic products SD Card Flash Drive Tripod Flash Card www.rathoredesign.com Ea‘Answer SD Card 5. The primary portion of the digital camera, which contains the controls, the LCD, the internal image processor, and the associated circuitry LCD Display Camera Body Viewfinder Lens Answer Camera Body 6. small screen on the back of a digital camera that allows the user to review photos or take them without looking through the viewfinder. Lens LCD Display Camera Body Viewfinder Answer LCD Display 7. The part of the camera s the field of view that is seen by the camera lens. Lens LCD Display Camera Body Viewfinder ‘Answer Viewfinder 8, The total amount of light that is captured Focus Exposure Aperture Shutter Speed Answer Exposure www.rathoredesign.com 2893, This means that your subject is sharp and not blurry Image Noise Focus Framing Exposure Answer Focus 10. A camera setting that allows the camera to choose the correct focus distance for you Zoom lens Aperture Autofocus Framing Answer Autofocus 11. The distance from the center of a lens t¢ fal point Focal Length Depth of Field Autofocus Aperture < dy ‘Answer Focal Length 12. The button at the top of the camera used to take the picture Camera Body Shutter Speed Shutter Release Lens ‘Answer Shutter Release www.rathoredesign.com 2913. Automatically produces an instantaneous flash of artificial light to help illuminate a scene that is particularly dark ISO Rating Flash Zoom Lens Tripod Answer Flash 14. A photograph, movie, or video taken at close range and showing the subject on a large scale Landscape Portrait Close-up Long-shot Answer Close-up 15. A camera lens that magi image Autofocus Zoom lens Exposure LCD Display Answer Zoom lens 16. How long the camera keeps the shutter open to take a picture ISO Rating Shutter Speed Aperture Shutter Release Answer Shutter Speed www.rathoredesign.com 3017. An adjustable opening in a camera that limits amount of light ISO Rating Shutter Speed Aperture Shutter Release Answer Aperture 18. A three-footed stand often used to balance a camera Filter Memory Card Tripod Flash Drive Answer Tripod 19. A standardized measurement of the speed with which a camera stores an image (the sensitivity of the sensor ISO Rating Shutter Speed Aperture Shutter Release Answer ISO Rating 20. The portion of a scene that afears acceptably sharp in the image Aperture Depth of Field Shutter Speed ISO Rating Answer Depth of Field Note: An e-book on basic photography is provided in the CD. www.rathoredesign.com atSkins and textures: Questions related to skins of animals and textures can be asked in exam: 1. Identify animal from the texture. Deer Giraffe Goat Dog Answer Deer 2. Identify animal from the texture. Deer Giraffe Goat Dog Answer Dog vow rathoredesign.com 323. Identify animal from the texture. Deer Giraffe Goat Dog Answer Goat 4, Identify animal from the texture. Deer Giraffe Goat Dog 7 Answer Giraffe www.rathoredesign.com5. Identify animal from the texture. Donkey Leopard Horse Tiger Answer Donkey 6. Identify animal from the texture. Donkey Answer Leopard www.rathoredesign.com7. Identify animal from the texture. Donkey Leopard snake Tiger Answer Snake 8, Identify animal from the texture. Donkey Leopard Snake Tiger Answer Tiger 9. Identify animal from the texture. Deer Cat Goat Dog www.rathoredesign.com‘Answer Cat 10.Identify the texture. Coconut tree Palm tree Neem tree Banyan tree Answer Palm tree www. rathoredesign.comication of Musical instruments A. Strings L.violin 2.viola 3.cello 4. Bass 5, (acoustic) guitar G.ukulele 7. electric guitar 8. barjo 9. Mandolin ‘wwe athoredesign com Ea10. harp stings ‘www athoredesign.com 38Libow 2.violin 3.viola 4.(double) bass 5.cello 6.piano B. Woodwinds LL piccolo 12, flute 13. darinet 14. oboe 15. recorder 16. saxophone 17. Bassoon ‘wwe athoredesign com 29Woodwinds 11 flute 12.piccolo 13.050¢ 14.recorder 15.clarinet 16.saxophone 17. Bassoon Woodwind piccolo English hom SESS www.rathoredesign.con 40‘wwe athoredesign com atrumpet ‘trombone ek Englishwilleasy.com 22. drum 23. kettledrum 24. bengos 25. conga (drum) 26. cymbals 27. ¥ylophane vowwir athoredesion.com 2triangle maracas ww n.rathoredegign com 43E. Keyboard Instruments eG . 32. accordion 33. Harmonica ‘wwe athoredesign com‘wwe athoredesign com Englishwilleasy.com | saxophone & O s 4%Art History The history of art is the academic school of study based on art and its developmental history as well as stylistic context (format, design, look, genre). This includes large forms such as architecture as well as minor forms such as decorative objects. Prehistoric Art Prehistoric art comprises of all arts and crafts that are produced in cultures that lack the development of written language and record-keeping, Art from a culture progresses from being described as prehistoric when it either develops writing and record-keeping or has established significant connection with another culture that has. Ancient Near East The development of art in the ani rid societies would be characteristically different than it was in prehistoric societies. Textbook art history in the ancient near east would include art of Mesopotamian, Sumerian, Akkadian, Neo-Sumerian, Babylonian, Hittite, Elamite, Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Achaemid, Persian, and Sassanian societies. www-rathoredesign.com 46Ancient Egyptian Art This art category includes art that belong to the civilization located in Nile Valley from 5000 BC to 300 AD. Egyptian artwork was very stylized and symbolic in this period, with painting and sculpture being the most popular art. The quality of Egyptian art throughout the ancient period was observed to be of high quality, and remained quite stable throughout 3000 BC to 300 AD with little influence from outside cultures. Greek Art Greek art mainly specialized in architetture and sculpture. Greek art influenced both the West and the East. Not only did art in the Roman Empire draw Greek influence, but to the East, Alexander the Great's conquests facilitated centuries of contact between Indian, Central Asian, and Greek cultures. Greco-Buddhism art was one legacy of this interaction. The highly technical expectations of the Greeks would influence art in Europe for many generations. In the nineteenth century, Greek art traditions dominated the entire western art world. www.rathoredesign.com 47Roman Art Roman art spans Ancient Rome as well as the territories of the Roman Empire. While Roman art is believed to have borrowed from Greek art (which it did rely on quite heavily), it also contains elements from Etruscan, Egyptian, and native Italic culture, A prominent historian ‘of Rome, Pliny, wrote that while many art forms advanced during Greek times remained more advanced than Roman art even during Rome’s prominent periods. Early Christian art specifies the ai iuced by Christians in the time frame 100-500. Art before 100 could not be di ‘Christian without uncertainty. Beyond 500, art by Christians portrayed elements tine art. Early Christian Art L ult to track. One of the reasons is that most Christians were persecuted and were restricted from producing works of art. They may also consisted of lower classes, which is reflected by the lack of patronage for art creation. Aside from that, scriptural restrictions disapproved of production of carved wood or stone in the form of an idol. Christians may have bought pagan symbols, but transferred Christians ideology into them. www.rathoredesign.com 48Byzantine Art Byzantine art refers to art created in the territories of the Byzantine Empire between the fourth and fifteenth centuries. The Byzantine Empire was the politi Roman Empire, and therefore the classical artistic is carried on through Byzantine art. Constantinople, the Byzantine capital, was large amounts of classical sculptures. | continuation of the The most prominent feature of Byzantig it became more abstract, favoring symbolism rather than realistic repr Art in Early Europe This category includes art from European and Germanic societies before the Christianization of Europe. Some of these include Scythian, Celtic, lron-Age European, Ango-Saxon, and, Viking societies. www. rathoredesign.com 43Islamic Art This category encompasses art produced in t! residing in places inhabited or ruled by cult Wopulations. Islamic art does not necessarily include only religious art. It lements from other aspects of Islamic society. Some Islamic theologians acti Med secular elements in art. Islamic art includes the extensi geometrical repetition of vegetal rated calligraphy and the use of arabesque, the designs. Early Medieval Art ‘www: rathoredesign.com 50Art from Medieval times were mostly religious in focus, funded by influential Church figures such as bishops, abbeys, or wealthy secular patrons. A distinguishing element of Medieval art concerns the lack of realism. With the collapse of the Roman Empire came the loss of the knowledge of realism and perspective drawing, Despite this, art was used during this era to convey religious ideology, and iconic art was oftentimes sufficient for such a task, Gothic Art V Gothic art followed from a Medieval ag@prap ‘hat grew out of France from the Romanesque art tradition in the h century, spearheaded by the development of Gothic architecture. It grew po} ther y BF the Alps but never quite overtook Italian classical styles. International Got joped in the late fourteenth century, developing further until the late fifteenth century. Late Gothic art grew in Germany as well as many areas well into the sixteenth century, Prominent Gothic art include panel-pain sculpture, illuminated manuscript, fresco, and stained glass www.rathoredesign.com 51Early Renaissance art emerged in the ttalian city-stq nce. It began with Donatello and his revival of classical techniques such as ¢ d subjects such as the unsupported nude. Many artists came after: lost ideas such as Roman architecture. A large count of major art nelleschi, Donatello, Giotto, and In the fifteenth century Renais: Obressec further, being termed the High Renaissance by the sixteenth cen Bminent artists from this era include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo Buonarroti, and Raffaello Sanzio, While there are no distinct “Renaissance” styles per se during this perind, art by High Renaissance masters are all characterized by astounding technical skill. High Renaissance art commanded such authority that they would be used as reference for instruction for many generations to come. Artists could declare divine inspiration, raising the level of art to a status formerly limited to poetry, Artistry would become a respectable profession that it had not been. wnww.rathoredesign.com 52Renaissance Art Outside Italy f Renaissance art outside Italy is ofte; ffl mas Northern Renaissance, which is refers to the fact that most of Furope outglGe ghitaNyis north of it The realism in art resoected in Italy did not influence the North SS late fifteenth century. Gothic influence remained popular even until the onset of Bardae styles. Many northern artists in the sixteenth century travelled to Rome for inspiration, of which often they found in High Renaissance art. While Italian painters were more partial to Greco-Roman styles, Germanic and Netherlandish art tended! to be more religious and mythological in nature. Northern Renaissance art also specialized in genre anc landscape painting. wnww.rathoredesign.com 5BBaroque Art Baroque art grew during the 17th and 18th centuriagffis considered part of the Counter- Reformation, the movement which sought to recon igiffe thip Catholic Church as a response to the Protestant Reformation. Baroque art phasis on high detail and overly ornate decorations. It would develop int: ie mid-18th century, which was even more richly decorated and gaudy. Co fro) ar Sith ornateness would eventually inspire Neoclassicism. www.rathoredesign.com 5418th Century Art Mey 18th century, Rococo in the mid-18th entury, and Romanticism in the ate 18th and styles often served Kings. Rococo whiglt came after Baroque quickly fell out of favor when Louis XIV passed away. Disgust for him among artists and the public paved the way for the development of Neoclassicism. Neoclassicists sought to revert to the simpler art of the Renaissance out of their distaste for the grandeur of Baroque and Rococo styles. Some of the most renowned neoclassicists include Canova, Ingres, and Jacques-Louis Davie. Romanticism grew out ofa certain group of individuals’ rejection of Enlightenment ideas and the art of Neoclassicists. Romantic art focused on the utilization of motion and color to convey emotions, as opposed to the classicist use of Greco-Roman mythology and traditions. Romanticism emphasized portraying the beauty anc power of nature. wnww.rathoredesign.com 5519th Century Art Artin the 19th century began with the continuation of Neo-classicism and Romanticism into the mid-century. After that, a new classification of art became popular: modernism. The date 1863 is commonly identified as the beginning art; it was the year that Edouard Manet exhibited the painting “Le deje ‘hg)be” in Paris. This is not to say that he is the father of modern art, however towards new styles which would all consfj % many others also who embarked period known as modernism. 20th Century Art 20th century art came to be known as modernism, which began in the 19th century. Movernents such as Post Impressionism and Art Nouveau from the previous century led to Die Brucke in Germany as well as Fauvism in France. The heart of Die Brucke led to what was called Expressionism which called for the emotions. Kandinsky of Munich led another www. rathoredesign com 56German group called the Der Blaue Reiter, which associated the blue rider imagery with spiritual /mystital art of the future. Cubism by Picasso rejected the plastic ideas of the Reraissance by introducing multigle dimensions to 2 dimensional images. Contemporary Art Contemporary artis most com ed with produced since World War Il Exhibitions of contemporary art a ally at musoums and other similar art institutions. These places are artist-run and are supported by the likes of awards, grants, prizes, and direct sales of exhibited works. Contemporary art institutions are often criticized for their exclusivist behaviors, or mare specifically, their tendencies to regulate what can or cannot be considered contemporary art. Outsider art, technically contemporary because they are created in present times, might be largely ignored by contemporary art institutions because the artists are self-taught and are therefore working beyond any art historical content, ‘wwe athoredesign com 7Prints/Printmaking Printmaking is the process of creating art thy differs from photography in that it cont to the reproduction of an image, as with original qualities lent by the of printmaking, which is in contrast to photography in which one cop) in many multiples. Prints are done by transferring ink 1r00h premade sc“eens o matrices to paper medium. Examples of matrices are copper or zine plates, polymer plates for etching and engravings aluminum, stone, or polymer for lithography; wooden blocks for wood engravings and woodcuts; and linoleum for linocuts. ‘wwe athoredesign com 58Chinese Art Artin China dates back as far back as 10,000 BC, comprising of sculptures and simple pottery. Following this period was a series of art dynasties, each lasting as long as a few hundred years. Artin the Republic of China in Taiwan and other overseas Chinese ‘communities can be considered Chinese art because they originate from the culture and heritage of China. Japanese Art Japanese art has a long history, starting as early as 10,000 BC all the way until the present. It ranges a variety of styles, including ancient pottery, wooden and bronze sculpture, and inked silk or paper. Modern Japanese art also includes manga, or cartoon. Historically Japan was vulnerable to sudden onsets of novel and alien ideas, only to be followed by long-lasting eras of isolation and minimal contact with the world outside Japan. Over time the Japanese absorbed and assimilated elements of foreign cultures with their own indigenous aesthetic tastes. In the seventh and eighth centuries Japan developed complex art with the spread of Buddhism. in the ninth century, Japan started to rely less on Chinese influence and developed indigenous art forms. Secular art started to flourish more www rathoredesign.com 59and more. Until the late fifteenth century both religious and secular art were popular. However, with the Onin War, Japan came under a century of economic, political, and social turmeil. After that, with the emergence of the Tokugawa shegunate state came the decline of religion, and the surviving arts became largely secular. Artin India Indian art originates from India in the 3090 8C, ranging towards present time. Compared te Westem art, Indian art is more ornate and sensuous. Strong design is characteristic of indian art beth in ancient and modern times. Indian art is typically categorized into four specific periods: -Ancient {8500 8C - 1200 AD} -Islamic ascendancy (1192-1757) -Colonial (1757-1947) -Independence and postcolonial (post-1947} www rathoredesign com 60African Art Act of Africa constitutes one of the most diverse creations, owing to the large amounts of independent societies and civilizations, each with its own artistic culture. African art also ‘includes art by African Disporas, such as African Americans. Characteristics common to most art from African cuiture include: emphasis on human forms, visual abstraction {as opposed to naturalistic representation), sculpture emphasis, three-dimensional qualities, and. nonlinear sealing. Art in the Americas Art history in the Americas began in pre-Columbian times with indigenous cultures. This category refers to arts by indigenous peoples in the Americas from ancient times to present day. The indigenous peoples referred to include those of South America, Meso America, and North America, including Greenland. wnww.rathoredesign.com 61Art of Pacific cultures refers to those from the oceanic regions of present day Australia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, including areas as far as Hawaii and Easter Island. Art from these peoples vary throughout different regions and cultures. Themes of the supernatural and fertility are the most common. Masks, tattoos, painting, petroglyphs, stone and wood carving, and textile are the most common art forms. Note: An ebook on 100 Great Artists in provided in the CD for reference. www.rathoredesign.com 62Paintings in India Kalighat Paintings Kalighat painting derives its name frorn its place of origin Kalighat, in Kolkata. It developed during the nineteenth century in response to the sudgvprosperity brought to Calcutta by the East India Company trade. But, Kalighat oaintin etting its deservad attention and appreciation only in the twentieth century It is characterized by generously curving satirical style. The most interesting a: themes and consciousness. Kalig was the first of itskind in the Indian subcontinent that expressed u iment and addressed customers directly. Like most other Indian art forms, Kalig tings too started on with a religiousnote, men and wornen and an earthy at painting is perhaps its strong social Madhubani Painting Madhuban’ painting or Mithila Painting is a style of Indian painting, practiced in the Mithila region of Bihar state, India, The paintings were traditionally done by the woman folk of Mithila, The painting was usually done on freshly plastered mud wall of huts, but now itis alse done on cloth, hand-made paper and canvas. ‘wwe athoredesign com 6Madhuban’ paintings mostly depict nature and Hincu religious motifs, and the themes generally revolve around Hindu deities like Krishna, Ram, Shiva, Durga, Lakshmi, and Saraswati. Natural objects like the sun, the moon, and religious plants like tulsi ar2 also widely painted, along with scenes from the royal court and social events like wedldings. The painting was usually done on walls during festivals, religious evants and marriage ceremenies. Miniature Painting Miniature painting, asthe name signifies, isa complex, colorful painting. It is small in size andis exeaited meticulously with delicate brushwork. The colors used in miniatures are generally derived from natural sources and materials, Itis said that miniature paintings originated in the 6th- 7th century. The miniature artists gave self-expression on paper, ivory panels, woode7 tablets, leather, marble, cloth and walls. Many of the miniatu’e paintings are based on Ragas or musical codes of Indian classical music. Some of the noted miniature schools were those of Mughals, Rajputs and Deccan, The world of miniature paintings is perhaps the most fascinating in Rajasthan, India, with exclusive and distinctive schools of painting, i.e., Me@@at, Marwar, Bundi-Kota and Amber- Jaipur. Modern Paintings Modern painting is a general terra used for most of theartistic work done anywhere from the early 17th century until the present time. Modern painting refers to the new approach to art which emphasized on representing emotions, themes, and various abstractions. The foundation for modern painting in India was laid by the formation of art schools in Calcutta and other cities under the British influence at the beginning of the 20th century. Most modern Indian paintings contain imagery that is factual and color that is highly charged, creating a kaleidoscope of humanity and the human condition in modem India. ‘wwe athoredesign com 6Raja Ravi Verma of Kerala was the first great modern painter in Incia. Mughal P: Mughal painting developed and flourished during the reigns of Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan, Mughal Paintings are a blend of the Indian and the Persian style, These paintings depicted various themes. These paintings were rich in variety and included portraits, events and scenesfrom court life, wild life and hunting scenes, and illustrations of battles. The Tutinama (literal meaning “Tales of aParrat”), Cleveland Museum af Art, is among the eariest examples of Mughal pairti and Allert Museum in London hasa large and remarkable collection of Mug The art Mughal painting lost its glory Atfrangzeb. He did not encourage this art form and so, this art formfaced is time. Mysore Paintings Mysore painting is an important form of classical South Indian painting that originated in the town of Mysore in Kamataka, These paintings are known for their elegance and gentle ‘wwe athoredesign com 6colors. The Mysore painting reached its pinnacle under the rule of Raja Krishna Raja Wodeyar. Traditionally, Mysore Painting was normally done on paper pasted on cloth or wood. After the sketch was made, a distinctive relief world called gesso was done in the areas where jewellery and other omamentations were to be painted, Gesso was dene to enhance these areas. Then they were allowed to dry. In those days artists used vegetable dyes and rnineral colors and orepared all the materials they required by themselves. Mysore, Bangalore, Tumkur, Sravanabelagola and Nanjangud are the places where this art still exists, Pahari Paintings Pahari Pairting is a form of Indiangéll tN which developed and fourished during 17th- 19th centuriesin certain sub-Hi s of India, particularly Himachal Pradesh, The breathtaking landscapes of the m ranges insgired artists. And they made these the backdrop of thair paintings. Pahari paintings were done mostly in miniature forms, ‘The Pahari painting underwent alot of modification during its lifetime. Its development can broadly be classified into two distinct schools, ie., Basolli School and Kangra School. The early stage of development of the Pahari painting started in the mid 17th century. Its in the style of the Basohli School. In this the paintings were made by making use of bright colors. The popular themes were: portraits of local rulers and the Hindu gods and figures from Hindu mythology. Under Kangra School, the paintings acquired a lyrical style. The painters made use of subdued colors. The most popular themes were the stories and anties of Krishna. Rajput Painting Rajput painting originated in the royal states of Rajasthan, somewhere around the late Léth and early 17th century. Rajput paintings depict a number of themes and events from epics, like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, ‘wwe athoredesign com 66Many paintings were done on the walls of palaces, inner chambers of the forts, havel’s, particularly, in the forts and palaces built by Shekhawat Rajouts. The colors used ‘or the painting were extracted from minerals, plant sources, conch shells, precious stones, gold and silver, ate. In the beginning of the 16th century, variou fg Schools were opened. Mewar School, Bundi-Kota Kalam School, Jaiour. Gr School, Kishengarh School, Marwar School, and Raagamala School were Minert ones. Tanjore Paintings Tanjore painting is a form of classi ting and its style is widely followed by the people of South Tamnil Nadu. These art form dates back to the Sth and are known for its rich colour and elegance. Mast of the paintings portray scenes from Hindu mythology and Hindu God and Goddesses. Various stages are involved in making the Tanjore painting. The base of the painting consists of acloth pasted over a wooden jrame. Water soluble adhesive is applied over the base, mild abrasive is used to make it smoother and the d’awingis made, Later, the drawing is ‘wwe athoredesign com erdecorated with semi precious stones, jewellery, and apparels. After completing, gold foil is pasted over the painting. To add colour to the figure of the painting dyes are finally used. To highlight the beauty of the painting, frame is added. Books and Authors: ‘An e-book of books and authors names is provided in the CD. www.rathoredesign.com 68World famous sculptures: Questions to identify the sculptures can be asked in U-CEED Exam. 1. David Time: 1501 - 1504 Sculptor: Michelangelo Buonarroti Location: Florence, italy David was done by Michelangelo, an Italian a1 regeneration work of art that was shaped bd meters marble statue standing stark-na David, a highly esteemed subject in FI among a series which was to be p] fact, it was taken to the public government seat in Florence fro Florence in Italy, David is a 1 and 1504. The sculpture is a 5.17 "alazzo Della Signoria. This was the civic it was revealed on September 8, 1504. 2. Venus de Milo www-rathoredesign.com 69Time: 100 - 130 B.C Sculptor: Alezandros of Antioch Location: The Louvre Museum, Paris, France Based on the information found on the sculpture’s base, Venus de Milo was initially thought to have been shaped by Alexandros from Antioch. At first, it was erroneously credited to the chief sculptor Praxiteles, What has surprised many is the allegation that it was found inadvertently in a farmer's field. Venus de Milo artifact was shaped long ago between 100 and 130 B.C. Currently Venus de Milo is displayed at the Louvre Museum, Paris. The sculpture, a marble structure standing 2.03 meters high, is believed to represent Aphrodite, a Greek beauty and love goddess. The original base and arms have been lost. The Thinker Time: 1901 Sculptor: Auguste Rodin Location: Musee Rodin The Thinker was first done in 1880 and cast in 1901. initially, it was known as the Poet and was part of a directive by Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris to shape an epic portal to be used as the museum gateway. Named The Gates of Hell, all the statutes originated from The Divine Comedy of Dante. The Thinker, made from bronze, finally presented itself ina miniature on top of the Gates of Hell pondering the fate of those beneath him, which is different from Rodin's original idea of depicting Dante reflecting over his poem in front of the Gates. As desired by the sculptor, the artifact is nude since he wanted a daring figure in the customs of Michelangelo to be a representation of both poetry and intellect. www.rathoredesign.com 70Pieta Time: 1498 - 1499 Sculptor: Michelangelo Buonarro Location: St. Peter’s Basilica, V: Pieta is a marble structure shape ichelangelo Buonarroti between 1498 and 1499. The sculpture is a representation of Jesus Christ in the arms of Mary, his mother. This is one of the remarkable sculptures that brought Michelangelo to light. During this time, Michelangelo was barely 20 years old when he was asked to come up with a sculpture of Virgin Mary with her son in hes arms. With nearly 2 years, Michelangelo managed to explored the utmost of his talent as well as the potential of the single slab of marble and thus brought one of the most famous sculptures to this world. www. rathoredesign.com mMoai Time: 1250 AD - 1500 AD Sculptor: Polynesian Colonizers Location: Easter Island, Chile ‘The world famous sculptures Moai are believed to be a representation of deceased ancestors as well as the incarnation of powerful living of the previous chiefs. The tallest of them all is Paro which is 10 meters high with a weigh weighs 86,000kg. By the time the Europeans visited some have been cast down as clans clashed. are about $0 moai on Easter Isalnd and mus@l ,000kg. The heaviest of all Christ the Redeemer Time: 1922 Sculptor: Paul Landowski, Heitor da Silva Costa Location: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil www.rathoredesign.com 72Situated on top of the 700 meters high Corcovado Mountain, the sculpture offers a ‘sweeping panorama from the Guanabara Bay interior towards the North and to Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas facing south. Christ the Redeemer stands out 39.6 meters high on a 9.5 meters base and 30 metres wide and it compares to the Cristo de la Concordia statue in Bolivia in terms of height. Primarily, itis a Christianity symbol that has been a renowned statue and an important portrait for Rio and Brazil at large. Statue of Liberty Time: 1875 - 1884 Sculptor: Frédéric Auguste Barthi Location: New York The sculpture is found in New York though it was initially made in France. Essentially, itis a gift for the French people to celebrate the centenary of the United States Declaration of Independence signing. Standing on Liberty Island, it is among the most famous sculptures and symbols in the world. The statue shows a woman in a stola, wearing sandals and a shiny ‘crown. The woman is trampling a loose chain and has a torch in her right hand raised high. She is also holding a tabula ansata tablet. For centuries, the Statue of Liberty was the first in sight for millions of immigrants who came to the United States. www.rathoredesign.com 73