CME111 Programming Languages I
Week 3
Decision Structures
Assist. Prof. Dr. Caner ÖZCAN
Algorithm
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Decision Structures
► The diamond symbol also called the decision symbol
which indicates that a decision is to be made is one of the
most important flowcharting symbol.
► The decision symbol contains an expression such as a
condition that can be either true or false.
► The decision symbol has two flowlines emerging from it.
One indicates the direction to be taken when the
expression in the symbol is true; the other indicates the
direction to be taken when the expression is false.
true
CONDITION
false 3
Decision Structures (if)
► The if selection statement performs an indicated action
only when the condition is true; otherwise the action is
skipped.
► Also called single selection.
True
condition
if <conditional expression>
False
action1; action1
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Decision Structures (if)
► Assume that passing grade of a course is 60.
► If we want to print "Passed" if the student's grade
is greater than or equal to 60 :
► Pseudo code:
if grade >= 60
print "Passed" true
grade>= 60 print "Passed"
false
5
Decision Structures (if-else)
► The if..else selection statement allows you to specify that
different actions are to be performed when the condition
is true than when the condition is false.
► Also called double selection.
True
condition
if <conditional expression>
action1; False
else
action2; action2 action1
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Decision Structures (if-else)
► If we want to print "Passed" if the student's grade
is greater than or equal to 60 and print "Failed" if
the student's grade is less than 60. :
► Pseudo code:
if grade >= 60
print "PASSED" true
grade>= 60 print “PASSED"
else
print "FAILED"
false
print “FAILED"
7
Nested if-else Structure
► Sometimes we test for multiple cases by placing
if..else statements inside if..else statements
True
condition1 action1
if <conditional expression>
action1; False
else if <conditional expression> True
condition2 action 2
action2;
False
else if <conditional expression>
True
action3; condition3 action3
…….
False
else
actionN; actionN
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Nested if-else Structure
► For example, we want to test if number n is equal
to zero or grater than zero or less than zero.
if n < 0
print "less than zero"
else if n == 0
print "zero"
else
print "greater than zero"
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Nested if-else Structure
true
print “Less than
n<0
zero"
false
true
n == 0 print “Zero"
false
print “Greater
than zero"
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Example 1
► Read two numbers from keyboard and subtract
the small number from big one and print result.
– Pseudo code:
Start
Read A,B
if A>=B
result = A-B
else result = B-A
print result
End
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Example 1
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Example 2
► Enter grade from keyboard and convert it into letter form.
– Pseudo code:
Start
Read, grade
if grade >= 90
print "A"
else if grade >= 80
print "B"
else if grade >= 70
print "C"
else if grade >= 60
print "D"
else
print "F"
End
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Example 2
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Example 3
► Draw a flowchart of an algorithm that calculates the
area of a square when the input value is 1 from
keyboard and calculates round measure when the
input value is 2. If user puts out of 1 or 2 it will give
"Wrong input message".
► The edge length of square is also put from keyboard.
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Example 3
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Example 4
► Draw flowchart of an algorithm that calculates the
roots of a second degree equation so that it's
coefficients are put from keyboard.
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Example 4
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Example 5
► Pricing conditions are given for a flight ticket. Draw a
flowchart of an algorithm to calculate total price to be
paid. Number of passengers will be given from keyboard.
Zaman Sınıf Price
1-Morning 1- First Class 150 TL
2- Economy 100 TL
2-After Noon 1- First Class 140 TL
2- Economy 90 TL
3-At Night 1- First Class 120 TL
2- Economy 70 TL
%15 discount for more
than 2 passengers
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Example 5
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References
► Doç. Dr. Fahri Vatansever, “Algoritma Geliştirme ve
Programlamaya Giriş”, Seçkin Yayıncılık, 12. Baskı,
2015.
► J. G. Brookshear, “Computer Science: An Overview
10th Ed.”, Addison Wisley, 2009.
► Kaan Aslan, “A’dan Z’ye C Klavuzu 8. Basım”, Pusula
Yayıncılık, 2002.
► Paul J. Deitel, “C How to Program”, Harvey Deitel.
► Bayram AKGÜL, C Programlama Ders notları
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