Designation: A 703/A 703M – 06

Standard Specification for

Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-
Containing Parts1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 703/A 703M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This specification2 covers a group of common require- 2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
ments that, unless otherwise specified in an individual speci- A 216/A 216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,
fication, shall apply to steel castings for pressure-containing Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Ser-
parts under each of the following ASTM specifications: vice
Title of Specification ASTM Designation A 217/A 217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic
Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-
Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, A 216/A 216M
for High-Temperature Service
able for High-Temperature Service
Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for A 217/A 217M A 351/A 351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for
Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High- Pressure-Containing Parts
Temperature Service
Castings, Austenitic, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex), A 351/A 351M
A 352/A 352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and
Pressure-Containing Parts Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for
Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure- A 352/A 352M Low-Temperature Service
Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature
Service A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
Steel Castings, Alloy, Specially Heat-Treated, for A 389/A 389M of Steel Products
Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High- A 380 Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of
Temperature Service
Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service A 487/A 487M Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems
A 389/A 389M Specification for Steel Castings, Alloy, Spe-
1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary cially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-
requirements which may be applied to the above specifications able for High-Temperature Service
as indicated therein. These are provided for use when addi- A 487/A 487M Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for
tional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when Pressure Service
specified individually by the purchaser in the order. A 488/A 488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-
1.3 In case of conflict between the requirements of the fications of Procedures and Personnel
individual specification and this general specification, the A 609/A 609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy,
former shall prevail. and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units Thereof
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must A 800/A 800M Practice for Steel Casting, Austenitic Alloy,
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the Estimating Ferrite Content Thereof
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi- A 802/A 802M Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Accep-
cation. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to tance Standards, Visual Examination
Specification A 703 and SI units for material ordered to A 903/A 903M Specification for Steel Castings, Surface
Specification A 703M. Acceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid Pen-
etrant Inspection
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings.
3
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A 703/A 703M – 05. contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cation SA-703/SA-703M in Section II of that Code. the ASTM website.
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*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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 A 703/A 703M – 06
A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re- 3.1.6 test coupon, n—the part from which the test specimen
lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys will be extracted.
A 967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments 3.1.7 test specimen, n—the part that will be acted upon in a
for Stainless Steel Parts mechanical test.
A 991/A 991M Test Method for Conducting Temperature
Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel 4. Materials and Manufacture
Products 4.1 Melting Process—The steel shall be made by open-
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to hearth or electric-furnace process, with or without separate
Determine Conformance with Specifications refining such as argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD), unless
E 94 Guide for Radiographic Examination otherwise designated by the individual specification.
E 125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica- 4.2 Heat Treatment:
tions on Ferrous Castings 4.2.1 Ferritic and martensitic steel shall be cooled after
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination pouring to provide substantially complete transformation of
E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 austenite prior to heat treatment to enhance mechanical prop-
1/2-in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings erties.
E 208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to 4.2.2 Castings shall be heat treated in the working zone of a
furnace that has been surveyed in accordance with Test Method
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Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic

Steels A 991/A 991M.
E 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 1/2 to 4.2.2.1 When castings are heat treated at temperatures
12-in. [114 to 305-mm]) Steel Castings above 2000°F [1100°C], then the working zone shall have been
E 340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys established by a survey performed at not more than 25°F
E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. [15°C] below nor more than 200°F [110°C] above the mini-
[51 mm] in Thickness mum heat treatment temperature specified for the grade. If a
E 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination minimum heat treatment temperature is not specified for the
2.2 ANSI Standard:4 grade, then the survey temperature shall be not more than 50°F
B16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings [30°C] below nor more than 175°F [100°C] above the furnace
2.3 Standards of the Manufacturer’s Standardization Soci- set point used.
ety of the Valve and Fitting Industry:5 4.2.2.2 The maximum variation in measured temperature as
MSS SP 53 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, determined by the difference between the highest temperature
Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Dry and the lowest temperature shall be as agreed between the
Powder Magnetic Particle Inspection Method) purchaser and producer except that during production heat
MSS SP 54 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, treatment, no portion of the furnace shall be below the
Flanges and Fittings, and Other Piping Components (Ra- minimum specified temperature nor above the maximum
diographic Inspection Method) specified temperature for the grade being processed.

3. Terminology 5. Chemical Composition

3.1 Definitions: 5.1 Chemical Analysis—Chemical analysis of materials
3.1.1 The definitions in Test Methods and Definitions A 370 covered by this specification shall be in accordance with Test
and Terminology A 941 are applicable to this specification and Methods A 751.
those listed in 1.1. 5.2 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall be made
3.1.2 chaplet, n—a chaplet is a metallic support placed in a by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the
mold cavity to maintain the spacing between a core and the elements specified. The analysis shall be made from a test
mold. sample preferably taken during the pouring of the heat. When
3.1.3 electronic data interchange (EDI), n—the computer- drillings are used, they shall be taken not less than 1⁄4 in. [6.4
to-computer exchange of business information in a standard mm] beneath the surface. The chemical composition thus
format such as ANSI ASC X12. determined shall be reported to the purchaser, or his represen-
3.1.4 heat, n—all the molten metal poured from a single tative, and shall conform to the requirements in the individual
furnace or all the molten metal from two or more furnaces specification for the grade being poured.
poured into a single ladle or casting prior to the replenishing of 5.3 Product Analysis—A product analysis may be made by
the furnace(s). the purchaser from material representing each heat, lot, or
3.1.5 internal chill, n—an internal chill is a metallic device casting. The analysis shall be made on representative material.
placed in a mold cavity to increase the rate of heat removal at Due to the possibility of decarburization, carbon and alloy steel
that location. samples for carbon analysis shall be taken no closer than 1⁄4 in.
[6.4 mm] to a cast surface except that castings too thin for this
shall be analyzed on representative material. The chemical
4
composition thus determined shall meet the requirements
Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
specified in the applicable specification for the grade involved,
5
Available from the Manufacturers’ Standardization Society of the Valve and or shall be subject to rejection by the purchaser, except that the
Fittings Industry, 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180. chemical composition determined for carbon and low-alloy
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TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances for Carbon and Low-Alloy 6. Mechanical Test Methods
Steels
6.1 All mechanical tests shall be conducted in accordance
TolerancesB,C over max or
Element RangeA
under min, Limit, % with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
Carbon (C) up to 0.65 % 0.03 3 % CL+ 0.02
above 0.65 % 0.04 %
7. Tensile Requirements
Manganese (Mn) up to 1 % 0.08 3 % MnL+ 0.01 7.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat, and shall
above 1 % 0.09
Silicon (Si) up to 0.60 % 0.22 3 % SiL− 0.01
conform to the tensile requirements specified. Test coupons
above 0.60 % 0.15 % shall be cast from the same heat as the castings represented,
Phosphorus (P) all 0.13 3 % PL+ 0.005 except that for investment castings, the test coupons shall be
Sulfur (S) all 0.36 3 % SL+ 0.001
Nickel (Ni) up to 2 % 0.10 3 % NiL+ 0.03
cast in the same type of mold as the castings.6
above 2 % 0.25 % 7.2 The coupon from which the test specimen is taken shall
Chromium (Cr) up to 2 % 0.07 3 % CrL+ 0.04 be heat treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as
above 2 % 0.18 %
Molybdenum (Mo) up to 0.6 % 0.04 3 % MoL+ 0.03
the castings it represents.
above 0.6 % 0.06 % 7.3 Test specimens may be cut from heat-treated castings, at
Vanadium (V) up to 0.25 % 0.23 3 % VL+ 0.004 the producer’s option, instead of from test coupons.
above 0.25 % 0.06 %
Tungsten (W) up to 0.10 % 0.08 3 % WL+ 0.02 7.4 Investment Castings—For investment castings, the cou-
above 0.10 % 0.02 % pons may be cast to shape or machined from coupons to
Copper (Cu) up to 0.15 % 0.18 3 % CuL+ 0.02 dimensions in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions
above 0.15 % 0.05 %
A 370 or the ICI coupon shown in Fig. 1.

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Aluminum (Al) up to 0.03 % 0.01 %
0.03 to 0.10 %, incl. 0.083 % Al + 0.02 7.5 Other Castings—Unless otherwise specified by the
above 0.10 % 0.03 % purchaser, test coupons may be cast integrally with the castings
A
The range denotes the composition limits up to which the tolerances are or as separately in accordance with Fig. 2 and Table 2, with
computed by the equation, and above which the tolerances are given by a
constant.
Fig. 3, or with Fig. 4, except when Supplementary Require-
B
The subscript L for the elements in each equation indicates that the limits of the ment S26 is specified. The test coupon in Fig. 4 shall be
element specified by the applicable specification are to be inserted into the employed only for austenitic alloy castings with cross sections
equation to calculate the tolerance for the upper limit and the lower limit, if
applicable, respectively. Examples of computing tolerances are presented in the less than 21⁄2 in. [63.5 mm]. Tension test specimens shall be
footnote C. prepared in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions
C
To compute the tolerances, consider the manganese limits 0.50 − 80 % of A 370.
Grade WC4 of Specification A 217/A 217M. In accordance with Table 1, the
maximum permissible deviation of a product analysis below the lower limit 0.50 is 7.6 If any specimen shows defective machining or develops
0.05 % = (0.08 3 0.50 + 0.01). The lowest acceptable product analysis of Grade flaws, it may be discarded and another substituted from the
WC4, therefore, is 0.45 %. Similarly, the maximum permissible deviation above the same heat.
upper limit of 0.80 % is 0.074 % = (0.08 3 0.80 + 0.01). The highest acceptable
product analysis of Grade WC4, therefore, is 0.874. For Grade WCC of Specifi- 7.7 To determine conformance with the tension test require-
cation A 216/A 216M, the maximum manganese content is 1.40 % if the carbon ments, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded
content is 0.20 %. In this case, the highest acceptable product analysis is 1.49 =
(1.40 + 0.09).
off in accordance with Practice E 29 to the nearest 500 psi [5
MPa] for yield and tensile strength and to the nearest 1 % for
elongation and reduction of area.
steel castings may vary from the specified limits by the 8. Repair by Welding
amounts shown in Table 1. The product analysis tolerances of
8.1 Repair by welding shall be in accordance with the
Table 1 are not applicable as acceptance criteria for heat requirements of individual specification using procedures and
analysis by the casting manufacturer. welders qualified in accordance with Practice A 488/A 488M.
5.4 Unspecified Elements—When chemical analysis for el-
ements not specified for the grade ordered is desired, Supple- 9. Flanges
mentary Requirement S1 may be specified. 9.1 When a flange from a flanged casting is removed to --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

5.4.1 Grade substitution for stainless and nickel base alloy make a weld end casting, discontinuities may be observed that
castings is not permitted. Grade substitution occurs when the would not have been detrimental in a flanged casting. The
material supplied: (1) contains an element, other the nitrogen, disposition of the casting shall be subject to agreement between
that is not specified in the ordered grade, and (2) the amount of the purchaser and manufacturer.
that element equals or exceeds the minimum requirement for
the element in another grade for which it is specified. For this 10. Quality
requirement, a grade is defined as an alloy described individu- 10.1 The surface of the casting shall be free of adhering
ally in a table of chemical requirements within any specifica- sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears as determined by visual
tion listed within the scope of this section. examination. Other surface discontinuities shall meet the visual
5.5 The substitution of a grade or composition different
from that specified by the purchaser is prohibited.
6
Information on the relationship of mechanical properties determined on test
5.6 Where more than one ladle is poured into a single
coupons obtained as specified in 7.1 and 7.4 with those obtained from the casting
casting, the molten metal in each ladle must conform to the may be found in The Steel Castings Handbook, Fifth Edition, Steel Founders’
specified chemical requirements. Society of America, 1980, pp. 15-35 through 15-43.

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Metric Equivalents
in. 0.005 ⁄
18 0.252 0.375 0.385 9⁄16 1 1⁄ 4 3
[mm] [0.15] [3] [6.40] [9.50] [9.75] [15] [30] [75]
FIG. 1 Design and Dimensions of the ICI Test Coupon

FIG. 2 Test Coupons for Castings (see Table 2 for Details of Design)

acceptance standards specified in the order. Practice A 802/ 10.3 Internal chills and chaplets may be used in the manu-
A 802M or other visual standards may be used to define facture of castings. However, the chills, chaplets, and affected
acceptable surface discontinuities and finish. Unacceptable cast material must be completely removed.
visual surface discontinuities shall be removed and their
removal verified by visual examination of the resultant cavi- 11. Hydrostatic Tests
ties. 11.1 Each casting shall be tested after machining to the
10.2 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or impreg- hydrostatic shell test pressures prescribed in ANSI B16.5 for
nated to stop leaks or disguise rejectable indications. the applicable steel rating for which the casting is designed.

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TABLE 2 Details of Test Coupon Design for Casting (See Fig. 2)
NOTE 1—Test Coupons for Large and Heavy Steel Castings: The test coupons in Fig. 2 are to be used for large and heavy steel castings. However,
at the option of the foundry the cross-sectional area and length of the standard coupon may be increased as desired.
NOTE 2—Bend Specimen: If a bend specimen is required, an alternate design (as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2) is indicated.
Leg Design [125 mm] Riser Design
1. L (length) A 5 in. [125 mm] minimum length will be 1. L (length) The length of the riser at the base will be the same as the
used. This length may be increased at the option top length of the leg. The length of the riser at the top
of the foundry to accommodate additional test therefore depends on the amount of taper added to the
specimens (see Note 1). riser.
2. End taper Use of and size of end taper is at the option of 2. Width The width of the riser at the base of a multiple-leg coupon
the foundry. shall be n, 21⁄4 [57 mm] − 5⁄8 [16 mm] where n equals
3. Height 1 1⁄4 in. [32 mm] the number of legs attached to the coupon. The width of
4. Width (at top) 1 1⁄4 in. [32 mm] (see Note 1). the riser at the top is therefore dependent on the amount
5. Radius (at bottom) 1⁄2 in. [13 mm], max of taper added to the riser.
6. Spacing between legs A 1⁄2-in. [13-mm] radius will be used between
the legs.
7. Location of test specimens The tensile, bend, and impact specimens will be 3. T (riser taper) Use of and size is at the option of the foundry.
taken from the lower portion of the leg
(see Note 2). 4. Height The minimum height of the riser shall be 2 in. [51 mm].
The maximum height is at the option of the foundry for
8. Number of legs The number of legs at the option of the foundry pro- the following reasons: (1) Many risers are cast open,
viding they are equispaced in accordance with Item (2) different compositions may require variation in
6. risering for soundness, (3) different pouring
9. Rs Radius from 0 to approximately 1⁄16 in. [2 mm]. temperatures may require variation in risering
for soundness.

Metric Equivalents
in. mm in. mm
⁄
18 3.2 3 1 ⁄2 88.9
1⁄ 2 12.7 4 101.6
11⁄16 27.0 41⁄16 103.2
1 1⁄ 2 38.1 5 127.0
3 76.2 11 279.4

NOTE—Pour through head; cover molten head with powdered charcoal, coke dust, and so forth, immediately after pouring, in order to keep head fluid
as long as possible.
FIG. 3 Test Coupon for Tension Test
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Casting shall show no leaks. Castings ordered for working state for final machining by the purchaser may be tested
pressures other than those in the standard ANSI ratings, or hydrostatically prior to shipment by the manufacturer at
those listed for which test pressures are not specified by ANSI pressures to be agreed upon with the purchaser. However, the
B16.5, shall be tested at a pressure agreed upon between foundry is responsible for the satisfactory performance of the
manufacturer and the purchaser. castings under the final test required in 10.1.
11.2 It is realized that the foundry may be unable to perform
the hydrostatic test prior to shipment, or that the purchaser may 12. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
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wish to defer testing until additional work or machining has 12.1 All castings shall be made in a workmanlike manner
been performed on the casting. Castings ordered in the rough and shall conform to the dimensions on drawings furnished by

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FIG. 4 Cast-To-Shape Test Coupon for Tension Test Specimen

the purchaser. When the pattern is supplied by the purchaser, being produced and furnished in accordance with the appli-
the dimensions of the casting shall be as predicated by the cable specification. Foundry inspection by the purchaser shall
pattern unless otherwise agreed upon. not interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer’s operations.
12.2 Machined welding ends shall be suitably protected All tests and inspections, with the exception of product
against damage during shipping. analysis (5.2), shall be made at the place of manufacture unless
otherwise agreed.
13. Retests
13.1 If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat, lot, 15. Rejection and Rehearing
or casting do not conform to the requirements specified, retests 15.1 Any rejection based on test reports shall be reported to
are permitted as outlined in Test Methods and Definitions the manufacturer within 30 days from the receipt of the test
A 370. At the manufacturer’s option, castings may be reheat- reports by the purchaser.
treated and retested. When castings are reheat-treated, they 15.2 Material that shows unacceptable discontinuities as
may not be reaustenitized more than three times without the determined by the acceptance standards specified in the order
approval of the purchaser. Testing after reheat treatment shall subsequent to its acceptance at the manufacturer’s works will
consist of the full number of specimens taken from locations be rejected, and the manufacturer shall be notified within 30
complying with the specification or order. days after discovery of the rejectable condition.
15.3 Samples that represent rejected material shall be pre-
14. Inspection served for two weeks from the date of transmission of the test
14.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s inspector report. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the tests, the
all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy that the material is manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing within that time.

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16. Certification transmission shall be regarded as having the same validity as a
16.1 The manufacturer’s certification shall be furnished to counterpart printed in the certifier’s facility provided it con-
the purchaser stating that the material was manufactured, forms to any existing EDI agreement between the purchaser
sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with the material and the supplier.
specification (including year of issue) and was found to meet 17. Product Marking
the requirements.
17.1 Castings shall be marked for material identification
16.2 As applicable, the certification shall also include:
with the grade symbols (WCB, WC9, CF8M, and so forth). In
16.2.1 Material specification and grade,
addition, heat numbers, or serial numbers that are traceable to
16.2.2 Pattern number,

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heat numbers, shall be marked on all pressure-containing
16.2.3 Heat number or serial number traceable to a heat castings individually weighing 50 lb [22.7 kg] or more.
number, Pressure-containing castings weighing less than 50 lb [22.7 kg]
16.2.4 Chemical analysis of the heat, shall be marked with either the heat number or a lot number
16.2.5 Mechanical property results required by the specifi- that will identify the casting as to the month in which it was
cation and supplementary requirements specified in the pur- poured. Marking shall be in such position as not to injure the
chase order, usefulness of the casting.
16.2.6 Statement of satisfactory inspection, visual, and non- 17.2 On castings for which impact property requirements
destructive testing specified in the purchase order, are specified, stamped markings using low-stress stamps shall
16.2.7 Manufacturer’s name, and be on a raised pad when such pad can be made a part of the
16.2.8 Additional purchase order requirements. castings.
16.3 A signature is not required on the certification. How- 17.3 Castings shall be marked with the manufacturer’s
ever, the document shall clearly identify the organization identification or symbol except when other provisions have
submitting the certification. Notwithstanding the absence of a been made between the manufacturer and purchaser.
signature, the organization submitting the certification is re-
sponsible for its content. 18. Keywords
16.4 A manufacturer’s certification printed from or used in 18.1 castings; general requirements; pressure containing;
electronic form from an electronic data interchange (EDI) steel

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SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following standardized supplementary requirements are for use when desired by the purchaser
and when allowed by and listed in the individual specifications. They shall not apply unless specified
in the order, in which event the specified tests shall be made by the manufacturer before shipment of
the castings.

S1. Unspecified Elements S3.2 The specimen shall withstand being bent longitudi-
S1.1 Limits may be established for elements not specified nally at room temperature through an angle of 90° about a pin,
for the grade ordered by agreement between the manufacturer the diameter of which shall be the specimen thickness for
and purchaser. The results of the analysis for the agreed-upon carbon steels, and 1 in. [25 mm] for other steels. The specimen
elements shall be reported. shall show no cracks on the outside of the bent portion of the
specimen.
S2. Destruction Tests S3.3 Bend test specimens may be cut from heat-treated
S2.1 Purchaser may select representative castings from each castings instead of from test specimens when agreed upon
heat, and cut up and etch, or otherwise prepare, the sections for between manufacturer and purchaser.
examination for internal defects. Should injurious defects be S3.4 If any test specimen shows defective machining or
found that evidence unsound steel or faulty foundry technique, develops flaws, it may be discarded and another specimen
all the castings made from that particular pattern, heat, and heat substituted from the same heat.
treatment charge may be rejected. All the rejected castings,
including those cut up, shall be replaced by the manufacturer S4. Magnetic Particle Inspection
without charge. S4.1 Castings shall be examined for surface and near-
surface discontinuities by magnetic particle inspection. The
S3. Bend Test examination shall be in accordance with Guide E 709, and
S3.1 One bend test shall be made from a test coupon from types and degrees of discontinuities considered shall be judged
each heat in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions by Reference Photographs E 125. Extent of examination, time
A 370, and shall be machined to 1 by 1⁄2-in. [25 by 13-mm] of examination, and basis for acceptance shall be agreed upon
section with corners rounded to a radius not over 1⁄16 in. [1.6 between the manufacturer and purchaser. A specification which
mm]. may be used as a basis for such agreement is MSS SP 53.

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 A 703/A 703M – 06
S4.2 Personnel performing the examination shall be quali- S8.3 Lateral Expansion—Lateral expansion value shall be
fied in accordance with an acceptable written practice. agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.
S8.4 Percent Shear Area—Percent shear area shall be
S5. Radiographic Inspection agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.
S5.1 Castings shall be examined for internal defects by
means of X-rays or gamma rays. The procedure shall be in S9. Drop Weight Tests
accordance with Guide E 94, and types and degrees of discon- S9.1 Drop weight test properties shall be determined from
tinuities considered shall be judged by Reference Radiographs each heat by preparing and testing either Type P1, P2, or P3
E 446, E 186, or E 280. Extent of examination and basis for specimens in accordance with Test Method E 208. The crack
acceptance shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and starter weld shall be deposited on the surface of the specimen
purchaser. A specification that may be used as a basis for such that was nearest to the casting surface. Each test shall consist
agreement is MSS SP 54. of at least two specimens tested at a temperature agreed upon
S5.2 Radiographic examination of castings may be per- by the manufacturer and purchaser. Each specimen shall
formed before or after any heat treatment. exhibit “no break” performance.
S5.3 Personnel performing the examination shall be quali-
fied in accordance with an acceptable written practice. S10. Examination of Weld Preparation
S10.1 Magnetic particle or liquid penetrant examination of
S6. Liquid Penetrant Inspection cavities prepared for welding shall be performed to verify
S6.1 Castings shall be examined for surface discontinuities removal of those discontinuities found unacceptable by the
by means of liquid penetrant inspection. The examination shall inspection method specified for the casting. The method of
be in accordance with Test Method E 165. Areas to be performing magnetic particle or liquid penetrant examination
inspected, time of inspection, methods and types of liquid shall be in accordance with Guide E 709 or Test Method E 165.
penetrants to be used, developing procedure, and basis for Unless other degrees of shrinkage or types of discontinuities
acceptance shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and found in the cavities are specified, Type II, Internal Shrinkage,
purchaser. A specification that may be used as a basis for such of Reference Photographs E 125, of Degree 2 in sections up to
agreement is Specification A 903/A 903M. 2 in. [50 mm] thick and of Degree 3 in sections over 2 in. [50
S6.2 Personnel performing the examination shall be quali- mm] thick shall be acceptable.
fied in accordance with an acceptable written practice.
S12. Prior Approval of Major Weld Repairs
S7. Ultrasonic Inspection S12.1 Major weld repairs shall be subject to the prior
S7.1 Castings shall be examined for internal defects by approval of the purchaser.
means of ultrasonic inspection. The inspection procedure shall
be in accordance with Practice A 609/A 609M. Extent of S13. Hardness Test
examination, methods of testing, and basis for acceptance shall S13.1 A hardness test shall be made in accordance with Test
be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. A Methods and Definitions A 370. The test location and the
practice that may be used as a basis for such agreement is hardness requirements shall be agreed upon between the
Practice A 609/A 609M. manufacturer and the purchaser.
S7.2 Ultrasonic examination of castings shall be performed
after at least one heat treatment above the critical temperature S14. Tension Test from Each Heat and Heat Treatment
range but need not be repeated after subsequent heat treatment. Charge
S7.3 Personnel performing the examination shall be quali- S14.1 One tension test shall be made for each heat and heat
fied in accordance with an acceptable written practice. treatment charge.
S8. Charpy Impact Test S15. Quench and Temper Heat Treatment
S8.1 Charpy impact test properties shall be determined on S15.1 The castings shall be quenched and tempered. Cast-
each heat from a set of three charpy V-notch specimens made ings so treated shall be marked QT.
from a test coupon in accordance with Test Methods and
Definitions A 370, and tested at a test temperature agreed upon S17. Tension Test from Castings
by the manufacturer and purchaser. The acceptance require- S17.1 In addition to the tensile test required in Section 6,
ments shall be either energy absorbed, lateral expansion, or test material shall be cut from heat-treated castings. The
percent shear area, or all three, and shall be that agreed upon by mechanical properties and location for the test material shall be
the manufacturer and purchaser. Test specimens shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.
prepared as Type A and tested in accordance with Test Methods
and Definitions A 370. S18. Tension Test for Castings Each Weighing 10 000 lb
S8.2 Absorbed Energy—Average energy value of three [4500 kg] or More
specimens shall be not less than specified, with not more than S18.1 Two tensile tests shall be made for each casting. The
one value permitted to fall below the minimum specified, and test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with Section 6.
no value permitted below the minimum specified for a single The location of the test specimens shall be agreed upon by the
specimen. manufacturer and purchaser.
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 A 703/A 703M – 06
S20. Weld Repair Charts NOTE S23.1—High-strength martensitic castings, in particu-
S20.1 Unless other criteria are agreed upon between the lar, may be damaged beyond use if the etch is applied directly
manufacturer and the purchaser, weld repairs made to correct to the casting.
leakage on hydrostatic testing; or weld repairs for which the S23.3 The preparation of the surface and the macroetching
depth of the cavity required for welding exceeds 20 % of the procedure with solution No. 1 (1:1 HCl) of Table 5 in Test
actual wall thickness or 1 in. [25 mm], whichever is smaller; or Method E 340 shall be followed. The resulting etched surface
weld repairs for which the area of the cavity required for shall be compared and rated with the reference photographs in
welding exceeds approximately 10 in.2 [65 mm2] shall be Fig. S23.1 depicting 10 levels of severity of intergranular
documented. network structures indicative of the presence of aluminum
S20.2 Weld repairs requiring documentation shall be docu- nitride, or other constituents prone toward precipitating at grain
mented on sketches or photographs, or both. The sketches or boundaries during solidification and subsequent cooling. Table
photographs shall show the location and major dimensions of S23.1 relates the severity levels shown in these photographs
cavities prepared for weld repair. The weld repair documenta- with specific delineation widths and percent of boundary
tion shall be submitted to the purchaser at the completion of the outlining in the etched structures.
order. S23.4 Castings represented by etched structures exhibiting a
network rating in excess of Severity Level 4 shall be consid-
S21. Heat Treatment Furnace Record ered unacceptable until further evaluations are completed. The
S21.1 A heat treatment chart showing time and temperature acceptability of individual castings may be determined by
shall be prepared and be available for inspection by the etching sections of each casting to ascertain the network
purchaser. severity level. Disposition of unacceptable castings shall be a
matter of agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.
S22. Heat Treatment Those castings exhibiting etched severity levels greater than
S22.1 Test specimens shall be heat treated together with the four may be further evaluated by any of the following agreed
castings they represent. Heat-treated specimens shall be tested upon methods:
and shall meet the tensile and impact properties specified. S23.4.1 Fracture testing to determine the amount of “rock
S22.2 The remaining test specimens from Supplementary candy” structure.
Requirement S22.1 representing the casting shall be treated S23.4.2 Mechanical testing (bend, tensile, and so forth) to
thermally after the final (foundry) heat treatment to simulate determine the ductility characteristics.
heat treatments below the critical temperature that the casting S23.4.3 Weld testing to determine crack susceptibility in the
may receive during fabrication, and then tested for mechanical heat-affected zone of a circular groove welded with cellulose
properties. Time, temperature, and cooling rate shall be as coated electrodes.
stated in the order. In the case of postweld heat-treatment, the S23.5 Alternatively, by agreement, it is permissible to
total time at temperature or temperatures for the test material subject castings from an unacceptable heat to a high tempera-
shall be at least 80 % of the total time at temperature or ture solution treatment prior to the normal production heat
temperatures during actual postweld heat-treatment of the treatment and subsequently macroetch test each casting.
fabrication of which the casting or castings are a part. The total S23.6 Heavy section castings (3) whose configurations are
time at temperature or temperatures for the test material may be amenable to the attachment of test coupons representative of
performed in a single cycle. When this Supplementary Re- the section thickness involved and from which standard 0.505-
quirement is specified, the welding qualification test metal in. [12.827-mm] diameter tension specimens may be machined
must be processed in the same manner. are exempt from this macroetch test if the results of the tension
test on the coupon after heat treatment of the casting meet the
S23. Macroetch Test minimum requirements specified for the grade of steel in-
S23.1 Apply Supplementary Requirement S1 for the spec- volved.
trographic determination and reporting of the total residual
NOTE S23.2—For purposes of this supplementary requirement, a heavy
aluminum content of all heats of ferritic and martensitic steels
section casting is defined as one having a wall thickness of 11⁄2 in. [37
subjected to this macroetch test. mm] or greater in combination with a casting weight of at least 1000 lb
S23.2 When the heat analysis indicates a total residual [455 kg].
aluminum content in excess of 0.08 %, the manufacturer shall
etch a cross section of the casting with the heaviest section for S24. Specified Ferrite Content Range
which this supplementary requirement is invoked, or a coupon S24.1 The chemical composition of the heat shall be con-
attached to that heaviest section or an area directly under a riser trolled such that the ferrite content, as determined by the
(Note S23.1). Cross sections, from a separately cast test block chemical composition procedure of Practice A 800/A 800M,
from the same heat and of a thickness representative of the shall be in accordance with the specified ferrite content range.
heaviest section of castings purchased under this supplemen- S24.2 The specified ferrite content range shall be as agreed
tary requirement, may also be used for macroetch testing. The upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The mini-
etching shall be performed on the selected section after its heat mum specified ferrite content range shall be 10 % with the
treatment, that is, after annealing, normalizing, or quenching minimum ferrite content being no lower than the percent
and tempering following the initial cooling of the steel below necessary to achieve the minimum mechanical properties
the transformation range. required for the alloy.
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 A 703/A 703M – 06

NOTE 1—The 10 levels of severity of intergranular network structures shown are indicative of the presence of aluminum nitride precipitation in the
primary austenitic grain boundaries.
FIG. S23.1 Reference Photographs of Macroetched Cast Steel

TABLE S23.1 Descriptive Data Applicable to Network Structures S26. Alternate Tension Test Coupons and Specimen
Shown in Fig. S23.1 Locations for Castings
NOTE—These ratings are based on the physical width and continuity of S26.1 Test coupons may be cast integrally with the castings
the precipitate pattern developed by the acid etchant on the primary
austenitic grain boundaries of the cast steel. Supplementary testing is
or separately. Separately cast coupons shall be heat treated
normally conducted to determine the final disposition of castings with together with the castings they represent.
ratings of 5 or greater. S26.2 The casting thickness, T, is the maximum thickness of
Rating Delineation Width, in. Boundary Outline, % the pressure containing wall of the casting exclusive of padding
added for directional solidification, flanges, appendages, and
1 Fine–0.001 20
2 Fine–0.001 40
sections designated by the designer as noncritical. The order,
3 Fine–0.001 60 inquiry, and drawing shall designate what the test dimension,
4 Fine–0.002 80 T, is for the casting.
5 Fine–0.002 100
6 Medium–0.005 100 S26.3 One of the following shall apply:
7 Heavy–0.010 100 S26.3.1 The longitudinal centerline of the test specimen
8 0.020 100
9 1⁄32 100 shall be taken at least 1⁄4 T from the T dimension surface and all
10 1⁄16 100 of the gage length must be at least 1T from any other
heat-treated surface, exclusive of the surface opposite the T
dimension surface. (See Fig. S26.1 (a).) For cylindrical cast-
ings, the longitudinal centerline of the specimens shall be taken
S24.3 Should the purchaser wish to have the ferrite content at least 1⁄4 T from the outside or inside and all of the gage length
determined by either magnetic response or metallographic must be at least T from the as-heat-treated end. (See Fig. S26.1
methods, the purchaser should impose Supplementary Require- (b).)
ment S1 or S2 of Practice A 800/A 800M. S26.3.2 For ferritic and martensitic castings, partial sever-
ing of test coupons prior to final heat treatment is permitted.
S25. Heat Treatment Certification S26.3.3 Where separately cast test coupons are used, the
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S25.1 Heat treatment temperature and cycle times shall be dimension shall not be less than 3T by 3T by T and each
shown on the certification report. specimen shall meet the requirements of S26.3.1, except that
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FIG. S26.1 Specimen from Casting

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NOTE—Longitudinal axis and gage length of test specimen must be within cross-hatched zone.
FIG. S26.2 Separately Cast Block

when T exceeds 5 in. [125 mm], the dimension may be 15 by by T by 3T in length and shall be joined to the casting surface
15 by 5 in. [375 by 375 by 125 mm], by agreement between the by a partial penetration weld completely sealing the buffered
manufacturer and the purchaser. The test coupon shall be of the surface. Test specimens shall be removed from the casting in a
same heat of steel and shall receive substantially the same location adjacent to the center third of the buffer pad. They
casting practices as the production casting it represents. Cen- shall be located at a minimum distance of 1⁄2 in. [13 mm] from
trifugal castings may be represented by statically cast coupons. the buffered surface and 1⁄4 T from other heat-treated surfaces
(See Fig. S26.2.) (see Fig. S26.4). When thermal insulation is used, it shall be
S26.3.4 When agreed upon between the manufacturer and applied adjacent to the casting surface where the test specimens
the purchaser, castings that are cast or machined to essentially are to be removed. The producer shall demonstrate that the
the finished configuration prior to heat treatment shall have test cooling rate of the test specimen location is no faster than that
specimens removed from a prolongation or other stock on the of specimens taken by the method described in S26.3.1
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casting at a location below the nearest heat-treated surface

indicated on the order. The specimen location shall be at a S27. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing)
distance below the nearest heat-treated surface equivalent to at
S27.1 Castings shall be processed by Hot Isostatic Pressing
least the greatest distance that the indicated high-tensile-stress
(HIPing). The processing parameters for the HIPing process
surface will be from the nearest heat-treated surface and a
may be subject to an agreement between the manufacturer and
minimum of twice this distance from a second heat-treated
purchaser.
surface, except that the test specimens shall be no nearer than
3⁄4 in. [19 mm] to a heat-treated surface and 11⁄2 in. [38 mm]

from a second heat-treated surface. (See Fig. S26.3.) S28. Cleaning of Stainless Steels
S26.3.5 Where specimens are to be removed from the body S28.1 Final cleaning of the casting surfaces shall be per-
of quenched and tempered castings, either the requirements of formed in accordance with one of the cleaning methods in
S26.3.1 shall be met or a steel thermal buffer pad or thermal Practice A 380 or Specification A 967 as agreed upon between
insulation or other thermal barriers shall be used during heat the purchaser and supplier. Acceptance testing shall be subject
treatment. Steel thermal buffer pads shall be a minimum of T to agreement between the purchaser and supplier.

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NOTE—Longitudinal axis and gage length of test specimen must be within cross-hatched zone.
FIG. S26.3 Prolongation Test Specimen
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NOTE—Longitudinal axis and gage length of test specimen must be within cross-hatched zone.
FIG. S26.4 Thermal Buffer Pads
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NOTE—The approximate areas of microstructures to be expected at room temperature are indicated as follows:
I—Martensite
II—Martensite and untransformed austenite

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III—Ferrite plus martensite and untransformed austenite
IV—Ferrite
V—Ferrite plus austenite
VI—Ferrite plus austenite plus sigma
VII—Austenite
Carbides also may be present depending on carbon content and thermal history.
FIG. X1.1 Letters Assigned to Chromium and Nickel Ranges in ACI Designation System

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. ALLOY DESIGNATIONS FOR CAST STAINLESS STEELS

X1.1 Cast stainless steels are usually specified on the basis X1.2.2 Ternary Diagram Location Letter—The second let-
of composition using the alloy designation system established ter indicates the approximate location of the nickel and
by the Alloy Casting Institute (ACI). The ACI designations, for chromium contents of the alloy grade on the FeCrNi ternary
example, CF8M, have been adopted by ASTM and are pre- diagram shown in Fig. X1.1.
ferred for cast alloys over the designations used by the X1.2.3 Carbon Content Number—For C service classifica-
American Iron and Steel Institute for similar wrought steels. tions, this single or dual digit numeral represents the maximum
carbon content in units of 0.01 %. For H service classifications,
X1.2 This nomenclature system has served successfully to this number represents the midpoint of the range of carbon
accommodate changes in old alloys and to designate new ones. content in terms of 0.01 % with a 60.05 % limit.
X1.2.4 Special Elements Letter—Additional letters follow-
ing the numeral represent special chemical elements in the
alloy grade, such as M for molybdenum, C for columbium, Cu
for copper, W for tungsten. There are two exceptions; the letter
A indicates “Controlled Ferrite,” and the letter F indicates
“Free Machining.”

X1.2.1 Service Classification Letter—The first letter of the X1.3 In Fig. X1.1, unlettered NiCr ranges are associated
cast stainless steel designation system identifies the intended with the nearest lettered location. They may be the result of
service application of the alloy. The letter C indicates differences between corrosion and heat-resistant types or be-
corrosion-resistant service, and the letter H indicates the cause of the influence of additional elements: for example, the
heat-resistant service at and above 1200°F [649°C]. precipitation hardening grade CB-7Cu.
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X2. ADDITION OF NEW GRADES TO PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS COVERED BY SPECIFICATION A 703/A 703M

X2.1 Data should be provided from a minimum of ten X2.1.2.6 Impact properties (Charpy V-Notch).
production heats. This data should include: X2.1.3 The test coupon size from which the test specimens
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X2.1.1 Chemical composition. were removed, stated for each test.

X2.1.2 Mechanical properties, as applicable to the product X2.1.4 Heat treatment requirements.
specification being cited. These may include, but are not X2.1.5 Welding procedure. (It is desired that the welding be
limited, to the following: performed with commercially available consumables.)
X2.1.6 Whether the material is covered by any patents, and
X2.1.2.1 Ultimate tensile strength,
if so, the expiration dates of those patents.
X2.1.2.2 Yield strength or yield point,
X2.1.2.3 Elongation, X2.2 The inclusion of the proposed material should be
X2.1.2.4 Reduction of area, supported by written request from at least one purchaser or user
X2.1.2.5 Hardness, and indicating the need for the new grade.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A 703/A 703M - 05) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Sept. 1, 2006).

(1) Revised section 10.2.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

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make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
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