Representing real-life… 111

RADIO-BASED INSTRUCTION IN GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Episode Number:
Learning Area: General Mathematics (Grade 11)
Title: Rational Functions, Equations and Inequalities: Lesson 1- Representation of Real-Life Situations Using Rational
Functions (Module 5)
Objective/Competency: Representing real-life situations using rational functions.

Voice Talents:
Radio Teacher (Teacher Jepoy): Junly Jeff C. Negapatan
Radio Host (Teacher Lee)/Marz: Jaymar P. Lee
Brgy. Captain/Guen: Guen F. Baldomar
Kagawad 2/Narrator/Tina: Christine Rose A. Cruta
Kagawad 1/Femy: Femy J. Villa

NUMBE
SPIEL
R LINE
1 RADIO HOST: Hello parents! Hello Learners! Hello everyone! Welcome to Radyo Kampyon, your
2 number 1 school-on-the-air. This is Teacher Lee, your radio host for today. By the way, how are you?
3 (PAUSE) That’s good to hear that all of you are doing okay. Please make sure that you are following the
4 proper health protocols mandated by your local IATF wherever you are to stay safe and stay healthy.

5 Are you ready for your lesson in General Mathematics? (PAUSE) Very good! Tara na at making na! I
6 will now turn you over to your teacher-on-air, Teacher Jepoy.
3

7 RADIO TEACHER: Good day learners! This is Teacher Jepoy welcoming you to the 5th episode of our
8 class-on-air in General Mathematics! Are you excited? (PAUSE) Glad to hear that because in this
9 episode, we will be learning on how to represent Real-Life Situations Using Rational Functions.

10 I am happy to tell you that four of your fellow Grade 11 learners will be joining our class. They are
11 Guen, Marz, Femy, and Tina. Say hello to them learners.

12 LEARNERS: Hello Grade 11 Learners!

13 Thank you class! So, Are you ready for our lesson? (PAUSE) Okay! Grab your module 5 now, your pen
14 and a paper.
5 RADIO TEACHER: Before we proceed to our discussion, let us assess first your prior knowledge on
6 this topic.

7 Open your module on page 1 and we will answer items 1-5 in What I know. (REPEAT TWICE)

8 DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

9 1. A truck that delivers essentials in remote areas can travel 85 kilometers. Which of the following
10 expresses the velocity v as a function of travel time t in hours?
11 a. 𝑣(𝑡) = 85/𝑡 b. 𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑡/85 c. 𝑡(𝑣) = 85/𝑣 d. 𝑡(𝑣) = 𝑣/85

12 2. If the truck in problem no. 1 was delayed by 4 hours due to the checkpoints that it passed through
13 what will be the time t as a function of velocity v in km/hr?
14 a. 𝑣(𝑡) = (85/𝑡) +4 b. 𝑣(𝑡) = (𝑡/85) +4 c. 𝑡(𝑣) = (85/𝑣) + 4 d. 𝑡(𝑣) = (𝑣/85) + 4

15 3. As a cure to the epidemic that spread in the whole country, the Department of Health (DOH)
16 released a new drug that is subject for experimentation, supposed that 𝑐(𝑡) = 2𝑡/𝑡+2 (in mg/mL)
17 represents the concentration of a drug in a patient’s blood stream in t hours, how concentrated is the
18 drug after 2 hours of administration?
19 a. 4mg/mL b. 3mg/mL c. 2mg/mL d. 1mg/mL

20 4. If the distance from Manila to Lucena is approximately 140 kilometers, which of the following
21 pertains to the function (s), where s is the speed of travel that describes the time it takes to drive from
22 Manila to Baguio?
23 a. 𝑡(𝑠) = 140/𝑠 b. 𝑡(𝑠) = 𝑠/140 c. 𝑠(𝑡) = 140/t d. 𝑠(𝑡) = 𝑡/140

24 5. Due to the Enhanced Community Quarantine, Banawe Footspa temporarily stopped its operation
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 Representing real-life… 222
25 and to help the employees the owner decided to split evenly its total revenue of ₱65,000.00.
26 If the number of employees is represented by x, which function represents the amount each received?
27 a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 65000𝑥 b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 65000 c. 𝑓(𝑥) = 65000/𝑥 d. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 – 65000
28 RADIO TEACHER: Are you done writing your answers? (PAUSE) Very good! This time, let’s check
29 your work. But since we are distant from each other, I’ll give you the opportunity to check your own
30 paper with honesty. Is that okay? (PAUSE) Alright!

31 These are the answers …

32 1. A
33 2. A
34 3. D
35 4. C
36 5. D

37 Who got it all correct? (PAUSE) Congratulations! For those who did not get a perfect score, it’s okay.
38 You have still a chance to claim your victory later on.
39 RADIO TEACHER: Students, did you know that rational functions can model a number of real life
40 situations? One particular example is the help that is extended by the government to the citizen during
41 the time of pandemic. Majority of our fellow citizens experienced hardship and required help coming
42 from the government. As a response, they provided a particular amount to a certain percentage of the
43 population that can be represented as rational function to determine how much either in cash or kind
44 an individual may receive. However, it is not enough that only the government will take part to solve
45 this crisis, everyone can be part of the solution if we played our role properly. Real-life situations that
46 involve rational functions is mostly seen in economics and science however other disciplines also
47 incorporate this concept. If you wonder how rational function can help, together, we will explore using
48 this module.

49 In order for you to be ready in learning this lesson, you should possess the following skills and
50 competencies, which are: you can represent real-life situations using function and recognize
polynomial functions.
51 RADIO TEACHER: At this time, kindly turn your module to page 5.

52 Functions are used to model and represent real – life situations which the quantity of one variable
53 depends or corresponds to or mapped onto another quantity.

54 Consider the following examples:

55 1. Write a function C that represents the cost of buying alcohol a, if an alcohol costs ₱155.00.
56 (PAUSE) What is your answer? (PAUSE) Very good! The function that represents the cost of
57 buying alcohol is C(a) = 155a.

58 Another one…

59 2. A commuter pays ₱20.00 for a tricycle ride for the first 5 km and an additional ₱ 0.75 for every
60 succeeding distance d in kilometer. Represent the situation as function. (PAUSE) What is your
61 answer? (PAUSE) That’s right! We will use piecewise function to represent this situation.

62 If 0<d≤5, we will have F(d) = 20 as our function, but when d>5, our function will be F(d) = 20 +
0.75(d).
63
So, what is a polynomial function?
64
65 Let n be a nonnegative integer, and let 𝑎𝑛,𝑛−1,…,𝑎2,𝑎1,𝑎0 be real numbers with 𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0. The function 𝑓(𝑥) =
66 𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1𝑥𝑛−1+...+𝑎2𝑥2 + 𝑎1𝑥 + 𝑎0 is called a polynomial function of x with degree n. The coefficient 𝑎𝑛 is
called the leading coefficient, and 𝑎0 is the constant.
67
68 Can you give me examples of polynomial functions of particular degree together with their names?
69
70 MARZ: Sir, f(x) = 3 is a constant function with degree of zero.
71 FEMY: f(x) = -2x + 1 has a degree o 1. This is a linear function.
72 TINA: Another is quadratic function which degree is two. For example, 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥2 − 5𝑥 + 2.
GUEN: 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥3 + 2𝑥 – 7 is a cubic function which its degree is 3.

RADIO TEACHER : Very good learners!

73 RADIO TEACHER: At this point, let us proceed to the next section of this module.
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 Representing real-life… 333

74 Let’s read and analyze the comics entitled “Love in Times of CoViD” shown in your module on page 7.

75 Narrator: One day in the Barangay Hall …

76 Brgy. Captain: To our honorable counselors, one of the problems that we are facing is how to provide
77 relief goods to our ka-barangay.

78 Kagawad 1: I just confirmed that Mr. Martin will donate P35,000. Then, Mr. Velarde made a pledge of
79 P60,0000.

80 Kagawad 2: Our barangay has a budget amounting to P347,000. We have approximately 850 families.
81
Brgy. Captain: Our total budget for the relief goods is P442,000. It will be divided equally to 850
82 families. So how much will be the budget per family for the relief goods, Kagawad?
83
Kagawad 3: Each family will receive goods that cost P520. We can buy rice, canned goods, chicken,
84 and hygiene kit.
85
Kagawad 1: But the number of families is just an approximation. We must consider those who
86 transferred residency and those who were stranded.
87
Kagawad 3: Yes, you’re right! We must do an actual survey to find out the actual number of families
88 residing in our barangay.
89
Narrator: These are the result of the survey done by the kagawads:
90 Day 0 1 2 3 4
91 Number of
850 855 882 910 931
92 Families
93
94 RADIO TEACHER: In the previous activity, we see a real- life scenario which can be analyzed
95 mathematically. To be able to determine the amount of relief that will be distributed to 850 families
96 we first add the donations and the total budget of the barangay. The total donations obtained is
97
₱95,000 while the budget of the barangay is ₱347,000 which gives a total of ₱442,000. This amount
98
99 will be divided by 850 families to obtain ₱520.00 However there are cases that one quantity varies
100 that in this case it is the total number of families. Due to unavoidable circumstances such as being
101 stranded and change of residency, we cannot control that variable. As a result, another computation
102 was made. After the first day of survey, it was determined that there are 855 families living in the
103 barangay, then the amount of relief each family will receive will be ₱516.96. After the second day, it
104 was determined that there were 882 families living in the barangay then the amount of relief will be
105
changed to ₱501.13. After the third day, the amount of the relief will be ₱485.71 and after the fourth
106
day it will become ₱474.76. However, we can also use a model that will represent real – life situations.
In this lesson, you will learn how to represent real-life situations using rational functions.
107 RADIO TEACHER: By the way, what is a rational function?

108 GUEN: Sir, a rational function, r(x) is a function of the form 𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑝(𝑥)/𝑞(𝑥) where p(x) and q(x) are
109 polynomial functions and 𝑞(𝑥) ≠ 0. The domain of r(x) is a set of real numbers such that q(x) is not
zero.
110
111 RADIO TEACHER: You are correct Guen!
112
113 Here are some examples of rational functions:
1. 𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑥3−1/𝑥+1, 𝑥 ≠ 1
114 What makes this a rational function, Tina?
115
116 TINA: In this function sir, both numerator and denominator are polynomial functions, denominator
has restriction because it should not be equal to zero. Therefore, it is indeed a rational function.
117
118 RADIO TEACHER: Amazing answer Tina! You got it right!

119 We have another example.

120 2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 1/𝑥, 𝑥 ≠ 0; Is this a rational functional Femy?
121
122 FEMY: Yes sir, it is a rational function since the numerator 1 is a polynomial function with a degree 0

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 Representing real-life… 444
and the denominator is a polynomial function which it must not be equal to 0.
123
124 RADIO TEACHER: Outstanding answer Femy! Good job!
125
126 Learners, there are different scenarios or real-world relationships that can be modeled by rational
functions, let us take the following examples:
127
1. The Local Government Unit allotted a budget of ₱100,000.00 for the feeding program in the
128 Day Care Center. The amount will be divided equally to all the pupils in the Day Care Center.
Write an equation showing the relationship of the allotted amount per pupil represented by
129 f(x) versus the total number of children represented by x
130
131 Showing the relationship in tabular form we will arrived at
132 No. of Children
10 20 50 100 200
133 (x)
134 Allocated amount
P10,000 P5,000 P2,000 P1,000 P500
135 per child

136 Notice that as the number of children increase the amount allocated per child decrease.

In writing a representation, we will arrive at 𝑓(𝑥) = 100000/𝑥.

137
138 What is this will be the new scenario…
139 2. Suppose a benefactor wants to supplement the budget allotted for each child by donating
additional ₱650.00 per child. If h(x) represents the new amount allotted per child, construct a
140 function representing the relationship. Using the table we used earlier:
141 No. of Children
142 10 20 50 100 200
(x)
143 Allocated amount P10,000 + P5,000 + P2,000 + P1,000 +
P500 + P650
per child P650 P650 P650 P650

144 10,000
Thus, the representation of the rational function is 𝑔(𝑥) = + 650.
x

Let’s have another situation … Can you read it Guen?

GUEN: A car is to travel a distance of 70 kilometers. Express the velocity (v) as a function of travel time
(t) in hours.

RADIO TEACHER: Thank you Guen!

Let us first show the relationship using a table. Remember that as time increases in travelling,
the velocity or the speed of a car will decrease
Time
1 2 3 5 10
(hours)
Velocity
70 35 23.33 14 7
(km/hr)

Thus, the function 𝑣(𝑡) = 70/𝑡 can represent v as a function of t.

145 This time, let’s answer two activities on page 10-11 in “What’s More”. Let’s take Independent Practice
146 1 and Independent Assessment 1.

147 Let’s read each situation carefully to solve each problem. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
148 your paper.

149 Marz, please read the problem in Independent Practice 1

150 MARZ:
151 School is Cool
152 During the first quarter of the school year the officers –elect of the Supreme Student Government,
decided to divide their budget evenly to the different committees. If their budget is ₱35,000, construct
153 a function M which would give the amount of money each of the n number of committees would
receive.
154
155 RADIO TEACHER:
 Representing real-life… 555
How are we going to answer this problem? (PAUSE)
156
157 First step that we can consider is that -MORE-
you may construct a table to aid you in determining the
158 relationships between quantities.

159 First column will be for the number of committees, let us say we have 2, 4, 6, 0r 8 number of
160 committees. Then, the second column if for the amount allocated for each committee. (please see the
161 table shown on your module).

162 Second step is to write the rational function that represents the situation.
Since the amount allocated for each committee is dependent by the total amount of their budget by the
163 number of committees they have, we can conclude that the function is …

164 M(n) = 35,000/x.

165
166 To get the budget of 2, 4, 6, or 8 committees, we simply substitute these values to our formula.

167 When we have 2 committees, their budget is P17,500 each. For 4 committees, their budget is P8,750
168 each. For 6 committees, each of them will receive P5,833.33. How about for 8 committees? (PAUSE).
169 Very good! Their budget is P4,375 each.
170
171 Let’s proceed to next activity in Independent Assessment 1. Kindly read Guen.

172 GUEN:
173 Pastry Corner
174 Manuel has 10 cups of flour to be used in baking cakes, he wanted to split it evenly among the
containers that he will use so that he can adjust the measurements of other ingredients. Construct a
175 function C which would give the number of cups of flour each of the number of containers n will have.

176 RADIO TEACHER:

In this problem, we should consider the number of containers where the 10 cups of flour will be split
or divided. It means that we are going to divided 10 cups of flours over n, which refers to the number
of containers that Manuel has.

So, what do you think is our function? (PAUSE) You’re absolutely right!

Our function for this problem is C(n) = 10/n.

177 May I know what you have learned in this lesson? (PAUSE) Good to hear that you have learned a lot in
178 this lesson especially on how to represent real-life situations using rational functions using table of
179 values and equation.

180 Please don’t forget to write what you learned in this lesson on a separate sheet of paper. Kindly use the
181 guide questions given on page 12. Write your answers legibly so that your teacher can read your
182 answers.
183 Are you ready for a quiz? (PAUSE) Yes! (background voice of the learners) Okay! I love your spirit!

184 This time, please answer items 1, 2, 3, 14, and 15 in Assessment on page 23 and 25.

185 Let me read to you the questions:

186 Direction: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
187 sheet of paper. (READ TWICE)

188 For numbers 1-2, refer to this problem:

189 Due to Typhoon Rosing, the bus slows down the regular trip rate which results to additional 2 hours in
190 covering a 140-km distance to its regular time.

191 1. Write a function that expresses the time t as a function of regular rate r in travelling.
192 a. 𝑡(𝑟) = 140/𝑟
193 b. 𝑡(𝑟) = 𝑟/140
194 c. 𝑡(𝑟) = 140+2/𝑟
195 d. 𝑡(𝑟) = 140/𝑟+2 -MORE-

196 2. What function expresses the time as a function of rate during the typhoon?
Representing real-life… 666
197 a. 𝑡(𝑟) = (140/𝑟) +2
198 b. 𝑡(𝑟) = (𝑟/140) +2
199 c. 𝑡(𝑟) = 140+2/𝑟
200 d. 𝑡(𝑟) = 140/𝑟+2

201 3. Which of the following is a rational function?

202 a. 𝑓(𝑥) = √5
203 b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥−5/𝑥−1
204 c. 𝑥 + 4 ≥ 𝑥+2/𝑥−1
205 d. 𝑥−8/4𝑥 = 20

206 For numbers 14-15 use the problem below:

207 Due to the Enhanced Community Quarantine, Toy’s for Her and Him temporarily stopped its operation
208 and to help the employees the owner decided to split evenly its total revenue of ₱45, 000.00

209 14. If the number of employees is represented by x, which function represents the amount each
210 received?
211 a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 45000𝑥
212 b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 45000
213 c. 𝑓(𝑥) = 45000/𝑥
214 d. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 45000

215 15. If the owner held a fund-raising activity that aimed to help her employees and collected ₱1500.00
216 per employee, which of the following represents the total amount an employee will receive?
217 a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 45000𝑥 + 1500
218 b. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 45000 + 1500
219 c. 𝑓(𝑥) = (45000/𝑥) + 1500
220 d. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 45000 + 1500
Are you done? (PAUSE) Alright! Now, let’s check your answers.

These are the answers on quiz:

1. A
2. C
3. D
14. A
15. D

Who got a perfect score? (PAUSE) Congratulations! You may now celebrate you victory!
RADIO TEACHER: To further practice your skills on how to represent rational functions, please
answer Additional Activities on page ____.

And … that’s the end of our class. Again, this is Teacher Jepoy, your teacher-on-air saying “Para sa Bata,
Para sa Bayan, Sulong EduKalidad!
RADIO HOST: That’s it for today everyone. I hope you’d enjoy your class with Teacher Jepoy.

As a reminder, please don’t forget to submit your answer sheets on the scheduled date. Kindly tell your
parents to wear their face masks and face shields as they enter in your designated drop off centers
when they pass your papers. And of course, please observe social distancing.

Again, I am Teacher Lee, your radio host saying “Your ticket to a brighter future is your education.”

Bye for now, and tune-in for our next episode! Enjoy the rest of the day and stay safe everyone!

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