AP Review Questions

Answer the following multiple-choice questions to the best of your ability, using your knowledge
of chemistry. Pay special attention to groups of questions that require you to refer to a specific
group of answers. Comment on any work/review required for each topic (before and after
checking the answers).

Question Topics/Skills Comments

1) Which of the following
compounds contains an element
with a +1 oxidation state?
Oxidation numbers
(A) carbon dioxide
(B) lead (IV) oxide
(C) dinitrogen pentaoxide
(D) copper (I) oxide
Questions 2-5 refer to the following
chemical species:

(A) H2O (B) NH3 (C) BH3 (D) CH4

Lewis dot diagrams,
2) Has two lone pairs of electrons. VSEPR, molecular
3) Has a central atom with less than geometry, orbital
an octet of electrons. hybridization, polarity

4) Is predicted to have the largest

bond angle.

5) Has a trigonal-pyramidal
molecular geometry.

Questions 6-7 refer to the chemical

reactions represented below:
(A) 2C6H6(l) + 15O2(g) 
12CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
- +
(B) C2H3O2 (aq) + H3O (aq) 
HC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l)
 (C) CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) +
CO2(g) Brønsted-Lowry acids
and bases
(D) 2 H2O2(l)  O2(g) + 2
H2O(l)
6) The reaction between a Brønsted-
Lowry acid and a Brønsted-
Lowry base.

7) The reaction in which a single

species is both oxidized and
reduced.
REDOX reactions

Questions 8-10 refer to 1 L flasks

containing each of the following,
respectively:

(A) Flask A: N2 (g) @ 30 °C, 1 KMT, IMF,

atm macroscopic
(B) Flask B: N2 (g) @ 50 °C, 0.5 properties
atm
(C) Flask C: O2 (g) @ 40 °C, 2
atm
(D) Flask D: O2 (g) @ 50 °C, 1
atm

8) In which flask do the molecules

have the greatest average speed?

9) Which flask contains the smallest

number of moles of gas?
Moles and gases

10) Which flask contains the sample

with the greatest density? Mathematical
principles/macroscopi
c properties

11) Which of the following elements

 has the largest first ionization Periodic properties:
energy? ionization energy

(A) Li (B) Be (C) B (D) N

12) A 0.20 mol sample of MgCl2 (s)

and a 0.10 mol sample of KCl(s) Comparisons of
are dissolved in water and numbers of particles,
diluted to 500 mL. What is the moles, masses, and
concentrationof Cl- in the volumes
solution?

(A) 0.15 M (B) 0.30 M (C) 0.60

M (D) 1.0 M

13) Atoms of Mg combine with

atoms of F to form a compound.
Atoms of which of the Periodic properties:
following elements combine reactivity
with atoms of F in the same
ratio?

(A) Li (B) Ba (C) Al (D) Cl

14) How many protons, neutrons,

and electrons are in an iron-56 Subatomic particles in
atom? an atom (isotope or
ion)
(A) 26, 30, 26 (C) 30, 26,
30
(B) 26, 56, 26 (D) 56, 26,
26
15) In the reaction represented
below, what is the total number
of moles of reactants consumed
when 1.00 mole of CO2 (g) is Stoichiometric
produced? calculations

C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g)  3 CO2(g)

+ 4 H2O(l)

(A) 0.33 (B) 1.33 (C) 1.50 (D)

2.00
16) Which of the following is the
electron configuration of an
excited atom that is likely to emit
a quantum of energy?

12 2 6 2 1 Distribution of
(A) s 2s 2p 3s 3p
electrons, Coulomb’s
12 2 6 2 5
(B) s 2s 2p 3s 3p Law, electron energies
12 2 6 2
(C) s 2s 2p 3s
12 2 6 1 1
(D) s 2s 2p 3s 3p
17) Which of the following
molecules contains polar Lewis dot diagrams,
covalent bonds but is a nonpolar VSEPR, molecular
molecule? geometry, orbital
hybridization, polarity
(A) CH3Cl (B) NH3 (C) CCl4
(D) N2

18) In the reaction represented

below, whatmass of HF is
produced by the reaction of 3.0
× 1023 molecules of H2 with
excess F2? (Assume the reaction
goes to completion.) Stoichiometric
calculations
H2 + F2  2HF

(A) 1.0 g (B) 4.0 g (C) 10. g

(D) 20. g

19) For which of the following

reaction mixtures at equilibrium
would reducing the volume of
the container at constant
temperature cause the
equilibrium to shift toward the
products? LeChatelier’s
Principle
 (A) SrCO3(s)  SrO(s) +
CO2(g)
(B) C(s) + CO2(g)  2 CO(g)
(C) CO(g) + H2O(g)  CO2(g)
+ H2(g)
(D) 2 NO2(g)  N2O4(g)
20) A 2 L sample of N2 (g) and a 1 L
sample of Ar(g), each originally
at 1 atm and 0°C, are combined Mathematical
in a 1 L tank. If the temperature relationships/gases
is held constant, what is the total
pressure of the gases in the tank?

(A) 1 atm (B) 2 atm (C) 3 atm

(D) 4 atm

21) Which of the following

processes involves the greatest
increase in entropy?

(A) SO3(g) + H2(g) 

Entropy
SO2(g) + H2O(g)

+ -
(B) Ag (aq) + Cl (aq)
 AgCl(s)

(C) C2H2(g) + 2 H2(g)

 C2H6(g)

(D) MgSO (s)  MgO(s)

+ SO (g)

22) N2O5(g) 2 NO2(g) + 1/2

O2(g)

The equilibrium constant for the gas

phase reaction above is 95 at 25 °C.
What is the value of the equilibrium Manipulation of
constant for the following reaction at equilibrium constant
25 °C?
 O2(g) + 4 NO2(g) 2
N2O5(g)

(A) (95)2 (B) 95 (C) 1/95 (D)

1/(95)2

23) C2H4(g) + H2(g) + Pt (catalyst)

C2H6(g)

C2H4(g) is reduced by H2(g) in the

presence of a solid platinum catalyst,
as represented by the equation Interpreting the results
above. Factors that could affect the of an experiment
rate of the reaction include which of based on rate changes
the following?

I. Changes in the partial pressure of

H2(g)

II. Changes in the particle size of

the platinum catalyst

III. Changes in the temperature of

the reaction system

(A) I and II (B) I and III (C) II

and III (D) all

24) For an experiment, a student

needs 100.0 mL of 0.4220 M
NaCl. If the student starts with
NaCl(s) and distilled water,
which of the following pieces of
laboratory glassware should the Experimental design
student use to prepare the
solution with the greatest
accuracy?

(A) 25 mL volumetric pipet

(B) 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask
(C) 100 mL graduated cylinder
(D) 100 mL volumetric flask
25) 2NH3 (g) → 3H2 (g) + N2 (g) Δ
H° = 92 kJ/mol

According to the information above, Reaction enthalpy

what is the standard enthalpy of
formation, Δ H°, for NH3 (g) at 298
K (in kJ/mol)?

(A) -92 (B) -46 (C) 46 (D) 92

26) The percentage of silver in a

solid sample is determined
gravimetrically by converting the
silver to Ag+ (aq) and
precipitating it as silver chloride.
Failure to do which of the
following could cause errors in
the analysis?
Experimental design
I. Account for the mass of the
weighing paper when
determining the mass of the
sample
II. Measure the temperature during
the precipitation reaction

III. Wash the precipitate

IV.Heat the AgCl precipitate to

constant mass

(A) I & II (B) I & IV (C) II & III

(D) I, III, & IV

27) The reaction represented below

is observed to proceed
spontaneously to the right in Equilibrium
aqueous solution. What is the constant/acid-base
strongest base in the system? theory

- 2- 2-
HSO4 (aq) + CO3 (aq) SO4
-
(aq) + HCO3 (aq)

(A) sulfate (B) carbonate (C) water (D)

hydrogen carbonate
28) When the equation below is
balanced and the coefficients are
reduced to lowest whole-
number terms, what is the
coefficient of H2O(l)? Balancing equations

LiHCO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq)  Li2SO4(aq)

+ H2O(l) + CO2(g)

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

29) Which of the following lists the

substances F2, HCl, and HF in
order of increasing boiling Phases of matter/IMF
point?

(A) HF < HCl < F2 (C) HCl <

F2 < HF
(B) HF < F2 < HCl (D) F2 <
HCl < HF

30)

Solubility of gases in
water

Gases generated in a chemical

reaction are sometimes collected
by the displacement of water, as
shown to the right. Which of the
following gases can be
quantitatively collected by this
method?

(A) H2 (B) CO2 (C) HCl (D)

NH3
31) When a 3.22 g sample of an
unknown hydrateof sodium
sulfate, Na2SO4 x H2O (s), is Applying
heated, H2O (molar mass 18 g) mathematical routines
is driven off. The mass of the to mass data
anhydrous Na2SO4(s) (molar
mass 142 g) that remains is 1.42
g. The value of x in the hydrate
is

(A) 0.013 (B) 1.8 (C) 6.0 (D)

10.

32) A 0.10 M solution of a weak

monoprotic acid has a pH equal Calculating pH of a
to 4.0. The ionization constant, weak acid
Ka, of the acid is

(A) 1x 10-3 (B) 1 x 10-4 (C) 1x

10-7 (D) 1 x 10-8

33) In an insulated cup of negligible

heat capacity, 50. g of water at Conservation of
40.°C is mixed with 30. g of energy/magnitudes of
water at 20.°C. The final energy changes
temperature of the mixture is
closest to

(A) 27 °C (B) 30 °C (C) 33 °C

(D) 38 °C

34) Which of the following is an

isomer of CH3OCH3?
Isomers
(A) CH3CH3 (C)
CH3CH2OH
(B) CH3COOH (D)
CH3CH2CH3

35) Potassium hydrogen phthalate,

KHP, is used as a primary
standard for determining the
 concentration of a solution of
NaOH by titration. If the KHP
has not been dried before
weighing, the calculated
molarity of the NaOH would be Experimental design:
titrations
(A) higher than the actual
value, since water is
included in the apparent
mass of KHP
(B) higher than the actual
value, since the presence
of water requires a larger
volume of titrant

(C) lower than the actual

value, since NaOH
absorbs water

(D) unaffected, since KHP is

a strong acid

36) Which of the following

substances has the greatest
solubility in C5H12(l) at 1 atm? Solubility/IMF

(A) SiO2 (s) (B)NaCl (s) (C) H2O

(l) (D) CCl4 (l)

37) The data in the table below were

obtained for the reaction X + Y
 Z. Which of the following is
the rate law for the reaction?

Experiment [X]0 [Y]0 Rate Rate laws

of Formation Z
1 0.10 M 0.30 M
4.0 x 10-4
2 0.20 M 0.60 M
1.6 x 10-3
3 0.20 M 0.30 M
4.0 x 10-4

(A) rate = k[X]2 (C) rate =

k[X][Y]
(B) rate = k[Y]2 (D) rate
 = k[X]2[Y]

38) For the reaction represented

above at 25 °C, what are the
signs of ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°, Thermodynamics,
respectively? spontaneity

(A) +, +, + (B) +, +, - (C) -, -, -

(D) -, -, +

39) What is the empirical formula of

an oxide of chromium that is 48
percent oxygen by mass? Mathematical data:
empirical formulas
(A) CrO (B) CrO2 (C) CrO3
(D) Cr2O3

40) High solubility of an ionic solid

in water is favored by which of
the following conditions?

I. The existence of strong ionic

attractions in the crystal lattice. Coulomb’s Law/IMF
II. The formation of strong ion-
dipole attractions.

III. An increase in entropy upon

dissolving

(A) I (B) I & II (C) I & III (D)

II & III

41) Which of the following

statements is true for the
equilibrium vapor pressure of a
liquid in a closed system?

(A) It remains constant when the LeChatelier’s

temperature increases. Principle/vapor
pressure
(B) It decreases to half its
original value if the volume
 of the gas phase is doubled.

(C) It increases to twice its

original value if the volume
of the liquid phase is
doubled.

(D) It is independent of the

volume of the vapor phase.

42) An unknown acid is dissolved in

25 mL of water and titrated with Titration weak
0.100 M NaOH. The equivalence acid/strong base; pH
point of the titration is determination of
approximately 8.0. Which of the equivalence point
following could be the unknown
acid?

(A) Fluoroacetic acid, pKa = 2.6

(B) Glycolic acid, pKa = 3.8
(C) Propanoic acid, pKa = 4.9
(D) Hypochlorous acid, , pKa =
7.5

43) Which of the following lists Mg,

P, and Cl in order of increasing Periodic properties:
atomic radius? atomic structure

(A) Cl < P < Mg (C) Mg < P

< Cl
(B) Cl < Mg < P (D) Mg <
Cl < P

44) When 4.00 mol each of X(g) and

Y(g) are placed in a 1.00 L
vessel and allowed to react at
constant temperature according Properties of
to the equation below, 6.00 mol equilibrium given data
of Z(g) is produced. What is the
value of the equilibrium
constant, Kc?

X (g) + Y (g)  2Z
(g)
 (A) 3 (B) 8 (C) 16 (D) 36

20
45) If the oxygen isotope O has a
half-life of 15 seconds, what
Half-life, rate constant
20
fraction of a sample of pure O
remains after 1.0 minute?

(A) ½ (B) ¼ (C) 1/8 (D) 1/16

46) Pure substance X decomposes

according to the equation
following equation X 
products. Which of the
following graphs indicates that
the rate of decomposition is Graphical analysis of
second order in X? concentration vs. time

(A) (C)

(B) (D)

47) Permanganate and oxalate ions

react in an acidified solution
according to the balanced
equation below. How many
 moles of CO2 (g) are produced
when 20. mL of acidified 0.20 Stoichiometry:
M KMnO4 solution is added to predicting results of
50. mL of 0.10 M Na2C2O4 reaction
solution?

2 MnO4- (aq) + 5 C2O42- (aq) +

16 H+ (aq) → 2 Mn2+ (aq) +
10 CO2 (g) + 8 H2O(l)

(A) 0.0040 mol (C) 0.010

mol
(B) 0.0090 mol (D) 0.020
mol

48) A student is trying to determine the

heatof reaction for the acid-base
neutralization reaction represented
below. The student uses 0.50 M NaOH
and 0.50 M HCl solutions. Which of
the following situations, by itself,
would most likely result in the LEAST
error in the calculated value of the heat
of reaction? Experimental design:
calorimetry
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq)  H2O
(l) + NaCl (aq)

(A) The thermometer was incorrectly

calibrated and read 0.5 Celsius
degree too high during the
procedure.
(B) The volume of the acid solution
added to the calorimeter was
actually 1.0 mL less than what
was recorded.

(C) The calorimeter was poorly

insulated, and some heat escaped
to the atmosphere during the
procedure.

(D) The actual molarity of the base

solution was 0.53 M but was
recorded as 0.50 M.

49) A molecular solid coexists with its

liquid phase at its melting point. The
solid-liquid mixture is heated, but the
 temperature does not change while the
solid is melting. The best explanation
for this phenomenon is that the heat
absorbed by the mixture

(A) is lost to the surroundings very Heat capacity/energy

quickly changes

(B) is used in overcoming the

intermolecular attractions in the
solid

(C) is used in breaking the bonds

within the molecules of the solid

(D) causes the nonbonding electrons in

the molecules to move to lower
energy levels

50) The role of a catalyst in a

chemical reaction is to

(A) decrease the amount of

reactants that must be used Catalysts and reaction
(B) lower the activation energy rates
for the reaction
(C) supply the activation energy
required for the reaction to
proceed

(D) increase the amounts of

products formed at
equilibrium

51) If 50. mL of 1.0 M NaOH is

diluted with distilled water to a Quantitative
volume of 2.0 L, the connection of
concentration of the resulting substances
solution is

(A) 0.025 M (B) 0.050 M (C)

0.50 M (D) 1.0 M

52) Which of the following is NOT

an accepted name for the
formula given? Nomenclature

(A) CH3OH… methanol

 (B) CuO… copper (I) oxide
(C) FeCl3… iron (III) chloride
(D) SrCO3… strontium
carbonate

53) Which of the following

molecules contains exactly three
sigma bonds and two pi bonds? Lewis dot
diagrams/bond theory
(A) C2H2 (B) CO2 (C) SO3 (D)
N2

54) Resonance is most commonly

used to describe the bonding in Lewis dot
molecules of which of the diagrams/bond
following? theory55)

(A) CO2 (B) O3 (C) H2O (D)

SF6

55) A student prepares a solution by

dissolving 60.00 g of glucose
(molar mass 180.2 g/mol) in Quantitative
enough distilled water to make comparison of
250.0 mL of solution. The substances
molarity of the solution should
be reported as

(A) 12.01 M (B) 12.0 M (C)

1.332 M (D) 1.33 M

56) Which of the following

substances is a strong electrolyte Electrolytes;
when dissolved in water? solute/solvent
interactions
(A) sucrose (C)
sodium nitrate
(B) ethanol (D) acetic
acid