COLEGIO DE LA PURISIMA CONCEPCION

The School of the Archdiocese of Capiz

Roxas City

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS – Grade 11

Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module1: Key Concepts Introduction to Probability and Statistics
First Edition, 2020

I. Introduction. When we are segmenting data into percentages we commonly are talking about quartiles, deciles
and percentiles. Quartiles divide the data into four parts; deciles divide the data into 10 parts; percentiles divide the
data into 100 parts. Let's take a look at how these different types of divisions are used.

II. Objectives:

a. Determine the quartiles, deciles and percentiles of an ungrouped and ungrouped data .

b. Demonstrate knowledge of classical and repeated measures multivariate methods and computational
techniques.

Measure of Location: Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles

What Is a Quartile?

A quartile is a statistical term that describes a division of observations into four defined intervals based on the
values of the data and how they compare to the entire set of observations. 

A decile  is a quantitative method of splitting up a set of ranked data into 10 equally large subsections.
A decile rank arranges the data in order from lowest to highest and is done on a scale of one to ten where each
successive number corresponds to an increase of 10 percentage points.

A percentile (or a centile) is a measure used in statistics indicating the value below which a given percentage of
observations in a group of observations falls. For example, the 20th percentile is the value (or score) below which
20% of the observations may be found.

Ungrouped data

Formula Quartile ungrouped data

Q1 = ( n + 1 ) First Quartile
4

Q2 = ( 2n + 1 ) Second Quartile
4
Q3 = ( 3n + 1 ) Third Quartile
4
Formula for decile ungrouped data
 d1 = ( n + 1 ) First Quartile
10
d5 = ( 5n + 1 ) Second Quartile
10
D9 = ( 9n + 1 ) Third Quartile
10
Formula for Percentile ungrouped data

P20 = ( 20n + 1 ) First Quartile

100

P45 = ( 45n + 1 ) Second Quartile

100

P80 = ( 80n + 1 ) Third Quartile

100

Problems Example1. : Consider the following data 1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8 find the following a.

Q1, Q2, Q3 ?

1 3 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8

Q1 Q2 Q3

In this case Quartile 2 is half way between 5 and 6:

Q2 = (2(10)/4 = 5.5

And the result is:

Quartile 1 (Q1) = ( N + 1) / 4 = 10 + 1 / 4 = 11/4 = 2.75 or  3

Quartile 2 (Q2) = 5.5

Quartile 3 (Q3) =  ( 3n + 1 ) / 4 = (3x10 +1 ) / 4 = 31/4 =7.8

Decile
 Decile 3 (D3) = ( 3n+ 1) / 10 = 30 + 1 / 10 = 31/10 =  3.1

Decile 7 (D7) = (7n + 1) / 10 = 70+ 1/ 10 = 70/10 = 7.1

Decile 9 (D9) =  ( 9n + 1 ) / 10 = 90+1 / 10 = 91/10 = 9.1

Percentile

Percentile 35 (P35) = (35n + 1) /1004 = 350 + 1 / 100 = 351/100

= 3.51

Percentile 65 (P65) =( 65n + 1) / 100 = ( 650 +1) / 100

 = 651/100 = 6.51

Percentile 85 (P85) =  ( 85n + 1 ) / 100 = (850+1 ) / 100

 = 851/100 = 8.51

Example of measure of location grouped data

1. The data below are the frequency distribution of the monthly sales in millions of 60 establishment in queen
city of the south.

Sales number in establishments

X f Cumulative frequency
90 - 95 9 60
85 - 89 11 51
80 - 84 20 40
75 - 79 12 20
70 – 74 8 8

Ef = 60

a. Calculate Q1 , Q2, Q3
b. Calculate D4 D6 D9
c. Calculate P45 P75 P95
d.
Formula of Quartile group data

Q1 = L + ( Ef/4 - F ) i
F
Where :
Q1 = Quartile 1 class

L = Lower boundary of quartile 1 class

Ef/4 = ¼ of the sum of frequency

F = cumulative frequency not exceed ¼ of the sum of frequency

f = frequency above partial sum

I = interval

Q1 = L + ( Ef/4 - F ) i
4
= 74.5 + ( 15- 8) 5
15
= 74.5 + 2.3

= 76.8

Q2 = L + ( 2Ef/4 - F ) i
f
= 79.5 + ( 30 - 20 ) 5
20
= 79.5 + 2.5

= 82

Q3 = L + ( 3Ef/4 - F ) i
f
= 84.5 + ( 45 – 40 ) 5
11
= 84.5 + 2.3

= 86.8

Computation of Decile group data

The data below are the frequency distribution of the monthly sales in millions of 60 establishment in queen
city of the south.
Sales number in establishments
X f Cumulative frequency
90 - 95 9 60
85 - 89 11 51
80 - 84 20 40
75 - 79 12 20
70 – 74 8 8

Ef = 60

b.Calculate D4 D6 D9

Deciles Formula

D4 = L + ( 4Ef/10 - F ) i
F
Where :

D4 = Decile 4 class

L = Lower boundary of decile 4 class

Ef/10 = 1/10 of the sum of frequency

F = cumulative frequency not exceed 1/10 of the sum of frequency

f = frequency above partial sum

I = interval

D4 = L + ( 4Ef/10 - F ) i
f
= 79.5 + ( 24 -20 ) 5

20

= 79.5 + 1

D4 = 80.5

D6 = L + ( 6Ef/10 - F ) i
f

= 79.5 + ( 36 – 20 ) 5

20
 = 79.5 + 4

= 83.5

D9 = L + ( 9Ef/10 - F ) i
f
= 89.5 + ( 54 -51 ) 5

= 89.5 + 1.7

= 91.2

Computation of Percentiles grouped data

The data below are the frequency distribution of the monthly sales in millions of 60 establishment in queen
city of the south.

Sales number in establishments

X f Cumulative frequency
90 - 95 9 60
85 - 89 11 51
80 - 84 20 40
75 - 79 12 20
70 – 74 8 8

Ef = 60

a. Calculate P45 P75 P95

Percentiles Formula

P45 = L + ( 45Ef/100 - F ) i
F
P45 = Percentile 45 class

L = Lower boundary of Percentile 45 class

Ef/100 = 1/100 of the sum of frequency

F = cumulative frequency not exceed 1/100 of the sum of frequency

f = frequency above partial sum

i = interval

P45 = 79.5 + ( 27 – 20 ) 5
20
= 79.5 + 1.8
 = 83.1

P75 = 84.5 + ( 45 – 40 ) 5

11

= 84.5 + 2.3

= 86.8

P95 = 89.5 + ( 57 - 51) 5

= 89.5 + 3.3

= 92.8

For students activity and worksheet

1. Find the Q1, Q2 Q3 , D4 , D8 , D7, P45, P 65, P85 of the following data.
a. 27, 39, 49, 20, 21, 28, 38
b. 47, 41, 52, 43, 56, 35, 49, 55, 42, 64 , 45, 70
c. 10, 11 12, 17, 3, 14, 5, 8, 7, 15, 18, 20, 22, 24

2. Table below shows the number of hours when 40 accounting students spend research in the internet.
Number of Number of
Hours Students
X f
15 – 17 2
12 – 14 8
9 -- 11 10
6 -- 8 15
3 -- 5 5
----------
Ef = 40

a. Calculate Q1, q, 3
b. Calculate D2, D5, D8
c. Calculate P25, P65,