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Signals AND Systems Lab: Experiment-1

This document contains the lab report submitted by students Aakanksha Bansal and Ashima Agrawal for their Signals and Systems lab experiment 1. The experiment aimed to introduce MATLAB and its various applications. The document includes the theory behind MATLAB functions like trapz and linspace. It also includes exercises testing skills with MATLAB such as creating scalar, vector, and matrix variables; common functions and indexing; plotting; solving systems of equations; and numerical integration.

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Rohan Kataria
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178 views12 pages

Signals AND Systems Lab: Experiment-1

This document contains the lab report submitted by students Aakanksha Bansal and Ashima Agrawal for their Signals and Systems lab experiment 1. The experiment aimed to introduce MATLAB and its various applications. The document includes the theory behind MATLAB functions like trapz and linspace. It also includes exercises testing skills with MATLAB such as creating scalar, vector, and matrix variables; common functions and indexing; plotting; solving systems of equations; and numerical integration.

Uploaded by

Rohan Kataria
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SIGNALS

AND
SYSTEMS LAB

Submitted by:

Aakanksha Bansal(09103410)

Ashima Agrawal(09103408)

Batch:B1

EXPERIMENT-1
Aim: Introduction to MATLAB and its various applications.

Theory:
Z = trapz(Y) computes an approximation of the integral of Y via
the trapezoidal method (with unit spacing). To compute the
integral for spacing other than one, multiply Z by the spacing
increment. Input Y can be complex.

The linspace function generates linearly spaced vectors. It is


similar to the colon operator ":", but gives direct control over
the number of points.

y = linspace(a,b) generates a row vector y of 100 points linearly


spaced between and including a and b.

y = linspace(a,b,n) generates a row vector y of n points linearly


spaced between and including a and b. For n < 2, linspace
returns b.

POST LAB - EXCERCISES


Q1).Scalar variables.
Make the following variables
a. a = 10
b. b = 2.5 ×10 23
c. c = 2 + 3i , where i is the imaginary number
d. d = ej 2π /3 , where j is the imaginary number and e is Euler’s number
(use exp, pi)
Ans:
a = 10;
b = 2.5*10^23;
c = 2+3i;
d=exp(j*2*pi/3);

Q2). Vector variables.


Make the following variables

Ans:
aVec = [3.14 15 9 26];
bVec = [2.71;8;28;182];
cVec = [5 :-0.2 :-5];
dVec = logspace(0,1,100);
eVec = ['hello'];

Q3).Matrix variables.Make the following variables


Ans)
3(a)

mat1=ones(9,9)
mat1 =
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

>>amat = amat=2.*mat1
amat =

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3(b)
v=[1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1]
bmat=zeros(9,9)
bmat=diag(v,0)

b=

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

3(c)
incr = 1:1:100;
cmat=reshape(incr,10,10)
cmat = reshape(x,10,10);
>>cmat = reshape(x,10,10)

cmat =
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91
2 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92
3 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93
4 14 24 34 44 54 64 74 84 94
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95
6 16 26 36 46 56 66 76 86 96
7 17 27 37 47 57 67 77 87 97
8 18 28 38 48 58 68 78 88 98
9 19 29 39 49 59 69 79 89 99
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

3(d)
mat3=ones(3,4)
dmat=mat3.*NaN
dmat=
NaNNaNNaNNaN
NaNNaNNaNNaN
NaNNaNNaNNaN

3(e)
emat = [13 -1 -5; -22 10 -87];
emat =

13 -1 -5
-22 10 -87

3(f)
fmat = ceil(-3 + 6.*rand(5,3));
fmat =

0 0 -1
-1 2 2
-1 1 2
1 1 0
0 3 1
Q4).Common functions and indexing.

Ans)
4(a)
cSum =sum(cmat);

4(b)
cMean =mean(cmat);

4(c)
emat(1,:) = [1 1 1];

4(d)
cSub = cmat(2:9,2:9)

4(e)
lin = 1:1:20;
for j=1:20
if(mod(lin(j),2)==0)
lin(j)=-j;
end;
end;

4(f)
r=rand(1,5)

a=find(r<0.5)
r(a)=0

Q5)Plotting multiple lines and colors.


Open a script and name it twoLinePlot.m
To plot a sine wave and a cosine wave over one period
(a) Make a time vector t from 0 to 2ð with enough samples to get smooth
lines, Plot sin t.
(b) Use hold on.
(c) Plot cos t using a red dashed line.
(d) Add labels to the plot and create a legend to describe the two lines you
have plotted by
usinglegend.
(e) Use xlimto set the x axis to be from 0 to 2ð and use ylimto set the y
axis to be from -1.4 to 1.4.

Ans)
t = linspace (0, 2*pi ,1000);
plot (t,sin(t));
hold on;
plot (t,cos(t),'--r');
p =plot (t,sin(t));
q =plot (t,cos(t),'--r');
legend (p,'sinwave','location','North');
legend (q,'coswave','location','South');
xlim([0 2*pi]);
ylim([-1.4 1.4]);

Q6)Plot a circle. Write the function [x, y] = getCircle (center,r) to get


the x and y
coordinates of a circle. The circle should be centered at center (2-element
vector containing the x and y values of the center) and have radius r. Return
x and y such that plot(x, y) will plot the circle.

t = linspace(0,2*pi,1000);
a = input('enter the x coord of the centre');
b = input('enter the y coord of the centre');
c= input('enter the radius of the circle');
x = r*cos(t)+a;
y = r*sin(t)+b;
plot(x,y);
7. Loops and flow control. Make function called loopTest(N) that loops
through the
values 1 through N and for each number n it should display ‘n is divisible
by 2’, ‘n is
divisible by 3’, ‘n is divisible by 2 AND 3’ or ‘n is NOT divisible by 2 or
3’. Use a for
loop, the function mod or rem to figure out if a number is divisible by
2 or 3, and num2str
to convert each number to a string for displaying. You can use any
combination of if, else,
andelseif.

Ans)

p=input('enter max no');

for j=1:p
if (mod(j,3)==0 && mod(j,2)==0)

disp('num div by both');

disp(j);

elseif(mod(j,3)==0)

disp('div by 3');

disp(j);

else if(mod(j,2)==0)

disp('div by 2');

disp(j);

else

disp('div by none');

disp(j);

end;

end;

end;

Q8)
Linear system of equations.Solve the following system of
equations:
3a + 6b + 4c = 1. a + 5b = 2. 7b + 7c = 3
Ans)
A=[3,6,4;1,5,0;0,7,7]
b=[1;2;3]
x=A\b
x=
-0.5824
0.5165
-0.0879
Q9)Numerical integration.Use trapzor quad. What is the value of :
Compute and display the difference between your numerical answer and the
analytical answer: −24 e−5/3+ 9

Ans)
x = 0:0.01:5;
y=x.*exp(-x*1/3)
z=trapz(x,y)
w=4.3736
difference=w-z
diff =
0.0934

Q10)Practice with cells.Usually, cells are most useful for storing strings, because
thelength of each string can be unique. a. Make a 3x3 cell where the first column contains
the names: ‘Joe’, ’Sarah’, and ’Pat’, the second column contains their last names:
‘Smith’,‘Brown’, ‘Jackson’, and the third column contains their salaries: $30,000,
$150,000, and $120,000. Display the cell using disp.

Ans)

z=cell(3)
z(1,:)={'joe','smith','$30000'}
z(2,:)={'sarah','brown','$150000'}
z(3,:)={'pat','jackson','$120000'}
disp(z)

LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Creating a file and saving to the directory.
2. Working with matrix of size of mxn and using the dot operator.
3. Using various predefined mathematical operators

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