An analysis on English idiomatic expressions

translated into indopnesian in a stranger in the

mirror

By :

Hafidah Kurniawati

K.2202512
CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Study

Language plays an important role and cannot be separated from human

life. By means of language people can communicate with others in their society.

Chaika in Language in the Social Mirror states that language and society are so

intertwined that it is impossible to understand one without the other. There is no

human society that does not depend upon, is not shaped by, and does not itself

shape language (1982: 1).

In other word it can be said that language and society are an integral

part and have a relationship in making communication and interaction between

people in a community. This is due to the reason that no one can live alone,

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without interaction with other people. And there is no society that will be able to

exist without language.

People need language as an instrument to communicate and to interact

with one another. In their communication and interaction, people try to ask for or

to provide any information based on their need. As in this globalization era, the

need of communication between countries is very necessary since the information

about other countries goes quickly and it is easy to be pertained. For developing

country like Indonesia, this information is badly needed to give help in maturing

the country by making more means of information available.

There are thousands of languages in this world. Among them, English

is the most popular language which is used widely all over the world. Most

countries in this world use English whether as first language, second language or

foreign language. It becomes the main language in international communication.

The role of English as an international language becomes more important in our

life to face globalization.

Nowadays, it seems that a lot of valuable books and information as the

products of knowledge have flooded our country. Unfortunately, many kinds of

scientific and social books are written in foreign language, mainly in English.

Since the numbers of Indonesian people who master and understand English are

still very limited, the alternative to develop translation efforts become necessities.

Translation is considered as the most effective way to make Indonesian people

learn those books more easily. By reading translation, they can get the same

information from the books in their own language so they will not find difficulties

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to understand it. Newmark says that translation is a valuable means promoting

understanding between individuals, groups, organizations and nations as well as

medium of cultural transmission and information and technology transfer (1981:

64). Based on that idea, translation has become an important activity in the

development of science, technology and culture of a country to exchange

information.

Many efforts have been made to translate books that are written in

English into Indonesian. Recently, a lot of literary works such as novels, which

are written in English are inevitable to be translated into Indonesian. This literary

translation is often done for the sake of the intellectual or aesthetic pleasure it

procures. It can be said, the English literary works that appear greatly in

Indonesian version makes the Indonesian society is able to obtain additional

readings and knowledge in literature as well as pleasure from them.

Nevertheless, translation is not easy to be done since there are many

problems and difficulties found in translation. These problems may be related to

linguistic or non-linguistic factors. As stated by Soemarno: “ Linguistic problems

cover the problem of word order, parts of speech, suffix, sentence pattern, etc. as

well as the problem of meaning. The non-linguistics problem may arise due to the

culture different, the subject matter of the text, the translator’s competence, etc.”

(1989, p. 65)

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 The common problem is usually caused by the differences between the

native language, which is called L1, and the foreign language to be acquired,

which is called L2.

In this view, to reproduce a good translation, a competent translator

has to be able to understand the author ideas and thoughts, including messages

expressed in the source language (SL). He must also have a good competence in

expressing them into the target language (SL).

Other difficulties in translations is that of translating idiomatic

expressing since it has more than one meaning. So that he can not produce an

accurate translation. It becomes a problem because in translating, it is the meaning

when it is given primarily.

In translating idiom, a translator must be careful, so that the message

that will be transformed from source language into target language is not

ambiguous. The translator must also see the context of the sentence because an

idiom in English has several meanings if it is translated into Indonesian.

Based on the explanation stated above, there are some difficulties in

translation and there are many problems in translation of English idiomatic

expressions. Hence, the researcher is interested to conduct a research about

translation, especially idiomatic expressions translated into Indonesian. Therefore,

it is significant to study a translation under the title of AN ANALYSIS OF

ENGLISH IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS TRANSLATED INTO INDONESIAN

IN ‘A STRANGER IN THE MIRROR’, WRITTEN BY SIDNEY SHELDON.

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 B. Problem Statements

Based on the research background, the researcher proposes the

research problems as follows:

1. What are the types of English idioms used in ‘A Stranger in the Mirror’?

2. How are English idiomatic expressions translated into Indonesian in ‘A

Stranger in the Mirror’?

C. Research Objectives

The research objectives of this research are to find out the answers of

the questions as stated in the problem statements above, that is:

1. To know the types of English idioms are used in ‘A Stranger in the

Mirror’.

2. To find out how English idioms are translated into Indonesian in ‘A

Stranger in the Mirror’.

D. Problem Limitation

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 In his research, the analysis will be limited on the types of English

idioms used in ‘A Stranger in the Mirror’ and how they are translated into

Indonesian based on its classification whether they are in form of word, phrase,

and sentence.

E. Research Benefits

The researcher hoped that the result will be useful for:

1. Students or English learners

This research is expected to be helpful for the English learners, especially

for those interested in translation. Hopefully, this research can give more

description about idiomatic translation as it is as a significant phenomenon

for the development of translation studies.

2. Translator

It is expected that this research can significantly improve the translator’s

competence in translating idioms.

3. Other researchers

From this research, others researchers might get ideas to conduct further

related research.

E. Research Methodology

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 The researcher employs a descriptive method, in which data are

collected, analyzed and interpreted. In conducting the research, the researcher

employs English idiomatic expressions taken from the novel ‘A Stranger in the

Mirror’ written by Sidney Sheldon and its Indonesian translation ‘Sosok Asing

Dalam cermin’ by Hidayat Saleh as the source data. Further details of this

research methodology will be discussed in Chapter III.

CHAPTER II

THEORITICAL REVIEW

A. Definition of Translation

There are many theories proposed by some experts or linguists about

the definition of translation. They define translation from different points of view.

Nida and Taber, for instance, say that translation consists in reproducing in

receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message,

first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (1974, p.12).

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 Bell defines translation as the expression in another language (or target

language) of what has been expressed in another, source language, preserving

semantic and stylistic equivalences (1997, p.5). In addition, he also says that

translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a

representation of an equivalent text in a second language (1997, p.6).

Meanwhile, Newmark describes translation as a craft consisting in the

attempt to replace a written message and statement in one language by the same

statement in another language (1981, p. 7).

Another definition is suggested by Larson that translation consists of

transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor language. This is

done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second

language by way of semantic structure. It is meaning which is being transferred

and must be held constant. Only the form changes (1984, p. 1).

Based on the definitions of translation above, it can be concluded that

the main concern of translation is a process of transferring message from one

language (SL) into another language (TL) whether it is in written or oral form. In

translation, the most important that should be transferred as appropriately as

possible into TL is the content of the message, whereas the style or the form may

change into another form.

B. Principles of Translation

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 Translation involves reading the SL and writing in the TL. Between

those things there is a process of shifting from one code to another code. In this

process, there are some general principles that must be followed by a translator.

However, to determine the general principles of translation is quite difficult.

Tyttler in Hatim and Mason (1990, p.16) propounds three laws of translation:

1. The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the

original work.

2. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that

of the original.

3. The translation should have all the case of the original composition.

Those principles above show that a translation should cover the whole

message of the SL. Firstly, the translator should reflect the meaning or message of

the original text completely and accurately. It is not allowed to make addition or

omission that may change the original message. Secondly, the translator should

keep maintaining the style and manner of writing of the author in his translation.

Thus, the translation results will have the same style as the original one. The third

principle implies that a translation should also be expressed naturally in the TL,

following its rules systems so that it can be read easily like the original work. In

short, the main principles of translation are: it should have a complete message,

the same writing style as the author and the naturalness of expression in TL. Nida

(1964, p.160) related to the principle of translation evokes the closest natural

equivalent to the source language message.

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 From this idea, it can be stated that the translation principles are that

the translation should be closest to the source language, equivalent with Source

Message (SM) and natural.

The first that the translation should be closest to SM means the

translator should make the message as close as the original text. The closest

message should give TM the impact as closely as the original author. The closest

message does not mean that the message should be absolutely identical. The

absolute message cannot happen in translation, since all the words and

expressions in TL are not fully identical with those in SL. The absence of identical

words and expressions causes the translator to give the words and expressions

which are very close to SL.

Nida further explains that since no two languages are identical, either

in the meanings given to responding symbols or in the ways in which such

symbols are arranged in phrases and sentences, it stands to reason that there can

be no absolute correspondence between languages (1964, p.156). Hence, there can

be no fully exact translation.

The second principle is that translation should be natural. It means that

the message should be delivered naturally based on the TL system. The translator

should use words, expressions, and terms which are usually communicated in

Target Reader (TR) daily life. Thus what TR hears is something usual. There is

nothing odd, amusing or strange when he receives the translation. Then, such

words, terms and expressions are arranged based on TL system as natural as the

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translator can. In this case, SL word order and structure are adopted in TL.

Therefore, it will be easy for the TR to receive and interpret the translation.

The third principle is that the translation should be equivalent with

Source Message (SM). It means that the message which the translator reveals

should give Target Reader (TR) the certain impact as equally as the original

author wants. The equal impact causes TR to make equal response. Hence, the

translated version should be able to induce Target Reader’s feeling to reflect the

same response as Source Reader (SR) does.

C. Process of Translation

In doing his work, a translator must follow some steps in order to

provide a perfect translation. Some sets of rules to which a translator should

theoretically adhere in the act of translation are called the process of translation.

Before translating process begins, a translator has to prepare himself, including

the training in writing. It is also a must for a translator to understand well both the

SL and the TL, the author’s background and his writing style.

Getting into the translation process, the translator firstly faces a text in

a certain language, which is known as source language. Then, the translator has to

read the entire text several times to catch the general view to be communicated.

After that the translator explores the text, to do necessary thing to prevent the

appearance of troubles in translating process, for example finding difficult words

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or pruning unnecessary words. At last, the translator reproduces the SL text into

the receptor language.

According to Nida and Taber (1974, p. 33), there are three steps that

should be taken care of by a translator in order to get a good result of translation.

In the first step, the translator analyzes the message of the SL text from the

linguistic aspects and any other aspects, such as the meaning of words and

combination of words. Here, the translator identifies how the rules regulating

sentences and how the structures are related to one another. The second step is the

transfer of the analyzed material from the SL into TL in the translator’s mind. It

means that the translator begins to replace ideas and thoughts in SL and expresses

in TL. Here, the translator determines the appropriate words and phrases in TL

which is equivalent in meaning and style with the SL. The third step is the

restructuring of the transferred material. In this stage, the translator reconstructs

and reanalyzes the result of the translation to make the ideas and thoughts

transferred into TL to be closest to the message in SL, so that the message of SL

can be accepted by the readers of TL properly.

In another word, it can be said that there are three steps in the process

of translation. They are the analysis, the transfer and the restructuring stage. In

their further explanation, Nida and Taber also give a diagram of the translation

process, as follows:

A (Source) B (Receptor)

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 (Analysis) (Restructuring)

X Transfer Y

From the diagram above, it can be seen that that translation process can

be broken down into three stages, that is: analysis, transfer, and restructuring

stage.

D. Types of Translation

Linguists have variously defined types of translation. Catford (1974)

suggests that the most common types of translation cover word for word

translation, free and literal translation. For further explanation, all of them will be

exposed below.

1. Word for Word Translation

Catford states that word for word translation generally means what it

says: i.e. is essentially rank bound at word rank, but may include some morpheme

equivalences (1974, p. 25). Using this type of translation means that the translator

only transfers the meaning of each word from SL into TL directly without paying

attention to the structure of the TL. Therefore, it is very hard to apply this type of

translation since the translation result often has no sense, especially when

idiomatic constructions are used.

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Example: SL: His heart is in the right place.

TL: Kepunyaanya hati adalah dalam itu benar.

(Nababan, 1997: 23)

It is apparent, picking this kind of translation the translator will be criticized for

the ugliness of the translation.

2. Free Translation

Catford defines a free translation saying a free translation is always

unbounded--equivalences shunt up and down the rank scale, but tend to be at the

higher ranks--sometimes between larger units than the sentence (1980, p.23).

In this type of translation, the equivalence of meaning becomes the

main emphasis. It can be said, the linguistic structure of the SL is ignored. In this

case, a translator proceeds a freedom of expressing the idea into the TL without

changing the main idea of the SL text. Sometimes a translator changes the rank or

vice versa in the TL to get closest natural meaning.

Example: SL: His heart is in the right place.

TL: Dia baik hati.

(Nababan, 1997: 23)

The type of translation is most suitable for literary and idiomatic

translation and only fits for professional translator as if it is done by an amateur

one, perhaps the result of translation will have many meaning deviations. In free

translation, the translator must have complete understanding of the whole passage.

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Otherwise, he will fail in conveying the message, so that the result of this type of

translation is clearly understood to the reader.

3. Literal Translation

Literal translation lies between free translation and word for word

translation as proposed by Catford as follows:

“Literal translation lies between these extremes (free translation and

word for word translation), it may start as it were, from word for word
translation but make changes in conformity with the TL grammar (e.g.
inserting words, changing structures at any ranks, etc); this make it a
group-group or clause-clause translation” (1974; 25).

In literal translation, the linguistic structure of the SL is followed, but

the translator deserves to make changes due to the rule of the TL. A translator can

do some modification and adaptation based on receptor language grammar. This is

done to achieve the equivalent of the form so that the translation can fit to the

grammar of the TL.

Example: SL: His heart is in the right place.

TL: Hatinya berada di tempat yang benar.

E. Problems of Translation

The activity of translating is more complicated than it assumed to be.

As a matter of fact, each language has a distinctive way of symbolizing meaning,

which is different from that of another language. Because of the different system

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and cultural background, a translator will face some problems in converting the

exact meaning of the SL into TL.

Soemarno (1990, p. 10) says that the first difficulty a translator will

face is the difficulty of linguistic problem then the second one is problem of

meaning. Dealing with this statement he states further “In the activity of

translating, a translator will face some problems dealing with meaning, namely

lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, contextual meaning or situational

meaning, socio-cultural meaning and so on.

1. Lexical Meaning

Soemarno points out that lexical meaning is the meaning of a word as

it is stated in the dictionary (1990: 11).

Each word has its own meaning as referred to a dictionary. This

meaning is not bound to its use or its context in a sentence. It is clear from the

discussion that, in pinpointing the meaning of a word in a particular statement, a

dictionary is often of little of help. Dictionaries are collection of meanings, and for

some purposes are very useful.

Example: They sing a song

All the words that compose the sentence above, namely they, sing, a

and song can be found easily in the dictionary.

2. Grammatical Meaning

According to Kridalaksana (1993: 132) grammatical meaning is The

meaning of a word which is obtained from the relationships among the language

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elements in the higher unit, i.e the relationship between one word in one phrase or

sentence. It means that a translator faces various problems of linguistics, such as

parts of speech, suffixes, word order, etc. It can be said that grammatical meaning

includes the relation between units of languages, such as the relation between

words to other words within a phrase, a clause or a sentence.

Examples: 1. All the committee present in the meeting.

( present means hadir )

2. I give my parent a nice present.

( present means hadiah )

From the examples above, present has different meaning, depending

on the position and the use of the word in relation to the larger unit of language,

namely phrase, a clause or a sentence. In the first example, present means “hadir’

because it is used as a verb, while in the second example, present means “hadiah”

since it is used as a noun.

3. Contextual Meaning or Situational Meaning

Kridalaksana (1993: 133) says: Contextual meaning is a meaning

which is obtained from the relationship between the statement and the situation in

which the statement is used.

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 It is often said that the situation in which the word is used determines

its meaning. The environment, both verbal and non-verbal, including the totality

of the culture surrounding the act of text production and reception, in which the

statement is made is called the context. The context of a word is the setting in

which it is used the surrounding words, whether a phrase or a sentence or perhaps

it is a long passage. The context may even be a whole chapter or a complete work.

In relation to contextual meaning, Soemarno (1990: 13) says that

Basically, every word has its meaning as much as the situation or context in which

the word is used within a sentence.

In language, words work together to express meaning. All the words

that work together in a passage or writing mean what they have to mean to make

sense. Every word in a context helps to explain every other word.

In fact, a word by it self, for example interest -- unconnected with what

is being said -- or with what was going on -- has almost no meaning at all. To

have a meaning, the word interest must be used in a situation where it fits. For

example, the word interest used in the context of banking system as in People

save their money in a bank to get interest means “bunga”. However, the word

interest in another use as in Many people get interest in politic means “tertarik”.

It is clear then, that the context gives words meaning.

4. Social--cultural Meaning

In translation, the most difficult problem arises when a translator deals

with the social-cultural meaning. Related to social-cultural meaning Soemarno

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says that The choice of equivalence meaning will be more difficult if it is faced

with the social and cultural matter (1990: 6).

Naturally, each language reflects its culture because each language has

its own way of segmenting its experience by means of words. As a result, it is

difficult to find accurate equivalence to the TL. Even, it is sometimes impossible

to find the equivalence of socio-cultural meaning to the TL. The word “kenduren”

(Java) for example, cannot be translated in English because its equivalence in

another language is very difficult to find.

Another opinion dealing with translation problems is stated by

Newmark that a translator in doing his job will certainly face translation problems

as follows:

1. The knowledge of both SL and TL owned by the translator.

2. The culture background between the author and the translator.

3. The educational background of thinking between the author and the translator.

4. The differences in the way of thinking between the author and the translator.

F. Extension and Reduction in Translation

In translation it is difficult to preserve the form constantly since within

every language the rules for relating the content and the form are different. To

maintain the content of the message the form need to be changed. Obviously,

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anything that can be said in one language surely can be said in another language

unless the form is an essential element.

Apparently, the alternative to make extension or reduction commonly

did by a translator in order that the finding of closest equivalence to the receptor

language can be achieved. Therefore, it is very possible if a translator adds or

omits words in his translation. In this sense, omissions and additions may be

justified only in relation to the intended meaning.

Both extension and reduction which occur in translation are caused by

some factors. In the first place, the differences between the SL system and the TL

system force a translator to make extension or reduction. In the second place, the

lack of information about the material will be translated and the lack of

knowledge about the culture background of both SL and the TL often show the

translator’s greatest weakness in producing an appropriate translation. Thirdly, the

different theories of the meaning and different values possessed by the translator

and the text writer will arise extension and reduction in his translation. Finally, a

translator will be capable of maximizing the quality of his translation.

1. Extension in Translation

Here, extension refers to the change of meaning done by the translator

in which he adds new units of meaning, which originally does not exist, to his

translation. This is done usually to make the message being transferred more

understandable in the TL. Naturally, a translator has a chance to explore

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everything in the SL deeply. Then the translator reconstructs the content of the

message in the SL in his own ideas and take it into account the culture of the TL.

2. Reduction in Translation

Reduction is the change of meaning in which the translator reduces or

omits a unit of meaning in the original text, so that the unit of meaning is not

found in the translation. Clearly, reduction is done for efficiency, making the

message more solid by omitting the units of meaning which are considered

unimportant by the translator. From this view, Sadtono (1985) mentions that the

reduction in translation has seven aims: (1) to simplify matters which are double;

(2) to reduce repetition; (3) to omit specification of the participants; (4) to

eliminate conjunctions; (5) to reduce formula; (6) to broaden the extensive

ellipsis; and (7) to simplify the high repetition style.

G. Good Translation

In producing a good translation, there are some important matters that

should be taken into account by a translator, that is, the criteria of good

translation. Tytler (in Bell, 1991: 11) says what a good translation should be that

in which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another

language, as to be as distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of

the country to which that language belongs, as it is by those who speak the

language of the original work. From this, what follows is a record of the three

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‘laws’ given by Tytler, they are as follows: (1) That the translation should give a

complete transcript of the ideas of the original work, (2) That the style and

manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original, (3)

That the translation should have all the ease of original composition.

About a good translation, Brislin says that any definition of “good”

translation depends on the translator’s (or the employer’s) purpose (1976: 14).

Further Brislin argues that the relative validity of each translation is seen in the

degree to which the receptors are to respond its message (in term of both form and

context) in comparison with (1) what the original author evidently intended would

be the response of the original audience and (20 how that audience did, in fact,

respon (1964: 167).

From the discussion above, it can be said that a good translation

depends simply on what the purpose of the text is and how the response of the

reader or the listener is. The purpose and the response in the TL should be

consistent with the SL text. In doing so the translator needs to be very cautious in

trying to reproduce as accurately as possible all grammatical and lexical features

of the ‘SL’ original.

Actually, the quality of translation is also determined by its product.

Thus, the translator should consider a translation both as process of translating

and the product of that process itself. It cannot be denied that the process of

translation will influence the product very much. In other words, the ‘good’

translation will be formed from ‘good’ process (with its clear process) and ‘good’

product.

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 I. Definition of Idiom

Some experts provide a definition of idiom as follows: Nida and Taber

define as an expression consisting of several words and whose meaning cannot

delivered from the meaning of individual words, also called exocentric expression

(1974: 202).

Seidl and Mc.Mordie state that an idiom is a number of words which,

taken together, mean something different from the individual words of the idiom

when they stand alone. The way in which the words are put together is often odd,

illogical or even grammatically incorrect. (1984: 4).

According to Lado (1974, p. 17), an idiom is an expression (a word

phrase or sentence) which has acquired a meaning different from the ordinary of

each word.

Meanwhile, Abdul Chaer states that:

Idiom adalah satuan bahasa (berupa kata frase maupun kalimat) yang
mana tidak dapat ditarik dari kaidah unsure gramatikal yang berlaku
dalam bahasa tersebut, atau tidak dapat ditarik dari makna leksikal
unsure-unsur yang membentuknya (1989, p. 7).

Based on the three quotations above, it can be said that an idiom is a

language expression which consists of number of words (phrases or sentences),

taken together whose meaning cannot be determined from the meaning of its

23
constituents and different from the individual words of the idiom when they stand

alone.

In relation to the equal response, Seidl and Mc.Mordie state that an

idiom is a number of words which, taken together, mean something different from

the individual words of the idiom when they stand alone. The way in which the

words are put together is often odd, illogical or even grammatically incorrect.

These are the special features of some idioms. Other idioms are completely

regular and logical in their grammar and vocabulary (1984: 4). In addition, they

also state that an idiom may be characterized as a lexical complex which is

semantically simplex. It is used to distinguish between idiomatic and non

idiomatic expressions.

As an example, the idiom fall for somebody that means ‘jatuh cinta /

tertarik’ cannot be translated literally, word by word, but they have to be

translated as the whole part to form a semantic constituent. In this case, a

translator has to pay attention on the context of the sentence:

- As soon as I met her, I fell for her.

By looking at the context of the sentence above, a translator can

predict the accurate meaning of that phrase. This statement is also supported by

Seidl and Mc. Mordie saying that we have to learn an idiom as a whole and we

often cannot change any part of it (except perhaps, only the tense of the verb)

(1984: 4).

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 Idiom is one of the features in language; a translator should not

translate idiom literally, but he has to find out an appropriate equivalence in TL.

Larson in Meaning-Based Translation (1984) states:

Idiomatic translation uses the natural forms of the receptor language

both in grammatical constructions and in the choice of lexical items. A
truly idiomatic expression translation does not sound like a translation.
It sounds like it was written originally in receptor language. Therefore,
a good translator will try to translate idiomatically (1984: 16).

There are many different sources of idioms. As will be made clear

later, the most important thing about idiom is their meaning. This is why a native

speaker does not notice that an idiom is incorrect grammatically. If the source of

an idiom is known, it is sometimes easier to imagine its meaning. Many idiomatic

phrases come from the everyday life of Englishmen, from home life, e g to be

born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth, to make a clean sweep of something, to

hit the nail on the head. There are many which have to do with food and cooking,

e g to eat humble pie, out of the frying-pan into the fire, to be in the soup.

Agricultural life has given rise to to go to seed, to put one’s hand to the plough, to

lead someone up the garden path. Nautical life and military life are the source of

when one’s ship comes home, to be in the same boat as someone, to be in deep

water, to sail under false colors, to cross swords with someone, to fight a pitched

battle, to fight a losing/winning battle. The Bible gives us to kill the fatted calf, to

turn the other cheek, the apple of one’s eye (Seidl and Mc.Mordie, 1984: 5).

J. Types of Idiom

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 Palmer (1983) gives statement that there are two types of idiom which

are very commonly used. The first is the phrasal verb and the second one is partial

idiom. The phrasal verb is very common types in English forming by the

combination of verb plus adverb of the kind make up, give in, put down, etc. The

meaning of these combinations cannot be predicted from the individual verb and

adverb. The partial idioms means that one of the words has its usual meaning, the

other has a meaning that is peculiar to the particular sequence, although it depends

on whether or not it is defined (1983: 81).

Seidl and Mc.Mordie have also categorized that there are two kinds of

idiom, that is, short and long idiom. The first is formed by adjective and noun, for

example: french leaves, black market, cold war, a snake in a grass, etc. While the

second one is in the form of phrase or may be a sentence, for example: to fish in

troubled waters, to take something to hart, to get the upper hand, etc. In

Indonesia, Abdul Chaer also gives a statement that there are three main kinds of

idioms, that is, words, phrase, and sentence.

Every language has its own pattern in forming idiom. Hockett (1998(

in his book A Course in Modern Linguistics divided the types of idioms based on

the process:

1. Substitution

26
 Substitution is one of the ways in forming idiom. In English, we know

several kinds of pronoun including personal pronoun, namely he and she. They

function as the third personal pronoun and as an idiom.

- She substitutes camel

- He substitutes man

- Is your cat he or she?

Based on the examples above, it can also be said that “he” and “she” have two

functions:

1. As a pronoun

- She substitutes woman/ girl

- He substitutes man/ boy

2. As an idiom

- She substitutes camel

- Is your cat, a he or a she?

Grammatically, an animal has its own pronoun, that is, ‘it’, for example: ‘Goat

eats grass’ – ‘It eats grass”. So, ‘he’ and ‘she’ in the sentence above, functions as

an idiom.

2. Proper Names or Proper Nouns

This kind of idiom can be formed in our daily life. Everything in this

world has ‘name’ moreover animal and human being. Human in providing ‘name’

to his child usually employing the name related to his experience in his life, for

instance: mother gives a name to his daughter Zidane. This is due to the reason

that his parents have a special interest with the figure of ‘Zinedine Zidane’, the

27
most popular soccer player in World Cup 2006. It is hoped that his son will be

like Zinedin Zidane who has a good skill in soccer.

When there is a question, “Have you read Coffee and TV?” We will

immediately know that the phrase ‘Coffee and TV’ is an idiom since the phrase

above does not mean the real meaning as had by the words formed. By analyzing

the verb ‘have read’, it will be known that the phrase is the title of such book.

3. Abbreviation

The abbreviation is idiomatic too. This way is also used in forming of

idiom, for instance:

- telp : telephone

- cab : cabriolet

- univ : university

Beside that, there is an idiom which is formed by taking first alphabet

of the expression/ word to become abbreviation, for example, FBI: Federal Bureau

of Investigation and UFO: Unidentified Flying Object, are accustomed to use to

employ the form of abbreviation from of such words. The meaning of the

abbreviation is a complex meaning in which the different expression has a

different meaning as be seen in the expression above.

4. English Phrasal Compound

There are a lot of idioms formed in this way. They include:

1) Phrasal Verb

28
 According Peaty and Nelson (1983), “A phrasal verb = verb + preposition, or

verb + adverbial particle”. There are four major types of phrasal verb, they

are:

a. Without an object

Example: My television broke down, but I managed to repair it my self

( stop functioning ).

b. May be separated by an object / separable.

Example: He put his coat on ( dress in ).

c. Never separated by an object / inseparable.

Example: Let’s go over the structures we studied last week ( review ).

d. Linked to an object by an extra preposition.

Example: I stopped living with Michael because I could not put up with

his terrible jokes ( tolerate ).

2) Noun Phrases

Example: My aunt was a woman of the world ( someone with wide

experience ).

3) Verb - noun - combination

Example: After his foolish behavior at the club, he did not dare to show his

face there again ( appear on public ).

4) Preposition - adjective - noun - combination

Example: She paid me what we agreed, plus five pounds for good measure (

in addition to the agreed amount ).

5. Metaphorical Expression

29
 Metaphorical expression also can be categorized into one kind of

idioms. This is due the reason that the meaning of this kind of expression cannot

be guessed from the meaning of the word forming. There is a sentence like this:

- He is Einstein.

The word Einstein in the sentence above is a kind of metaphorical

expression. It means a smart boy who has incredible ability (just like Einstein).

The sentence will be:

- He is Einstein means dia luar biasa pintar.

6. Slang

Hornby (1974) defines slamg as words, phrases, etc. commonly used

in talk among friends

K. How to Translate Idiom

Abdul Chaer states that there are three steps in which the translator

employs as translating idiom based on meaning through semantic adjustment,

those are:

1. Idiom dalam bahasa sumber dicari padanannya yang berupa non

idiom dalam bahasa sasaran.
a. Idiom dalam bahasa sumber diterjemahkan dengan jalan
mencari padanan kata yang dapat mengungkapkan arti dalam
bahasa sasaran.
b. Idiom dalam bahasa sumber yang diterjemahkan menjadi non
idiom bahasa sasarab secara salah.
2. Idiom dalam bahasa sumber dicari padanannya yang berupa idiom
dalam bahasa sasaran.

30
 3. Non idiom dalam bahasa sumber diterjemahkan sebagai idiom
dalam bahasa sasaran.

(Abdul Chaer: 1984. p. 14)

Translating idioms is not easy to be done. First, the translator has to be

able to recognize whether a certain expression is an idiom or not. Baker says, As

far as idioms are concerned, the first difficulty that a translator comes across is

being able to recognize that he is dealing with an idiomatic expression. This is not

always so obvious (1995: 5). When the translator has recognized the presence of

the idiom, he has to find the meaning of the idiom. After gaining the meaning of

the idiom, what the translator has to do next is that he has to try to get the

equivalents in the TL.

In connection with the translation of idiom maybe it’s better to

consider what Baker says about it. The following is the statement of Baker:

The way in which an idiom and fixed translation can be translated into
another language depends on many factors. It’s not only a question of
whether an idiom with similar meaning is available in the target
language. Other factors include, for example, the significance of the
specific lexical items which constitute the idiom, as well as the
appropriateness or inappropriateness of using idiomatic language in
given register in the target language (1995: 71-72).

There are four strategies involved in this translation. (1) Using an

idiom of similar meaning and form. This strategy involves using an idiom in the

target language that convey roughly the same meaning as that of the source

language idiom and, in addition, consist of equivalent lexical item. This kind of

match can only occasionally be achieved (p. 72). (2) Using an idiom of similar

meaning but dissimilar form. It is often possible to find an idiom or fixed

31
expression in the target language which has a meaning similar to that of source

idiom or expression, but which consist of different lexical item (p.74). (3)

Translation by paraphrase. This is by far the most common way translating

idioms when a match cannot be found in the target language or when seems in

appropriate to use idiomatic language in the target text because of differences in

stylistic preferences of the source and target language (p.74). (4) Translation by

omission. As with single words, an idiom may sometimes be omitted altogether in

the target text. This is may be because it has no close match in the target language,

its meaning cannot be easily paraphrased, or for stylistic reasons (p.77).

C. Sample and Sampling Technique

32
 Hadi states: “Sampling is a technique of choosing the sample.

Meanwhile, sample is apart of population that will be investigated” (1981, p. 70).

It can be said that sample is a part of the representative population which is

investigated. Meanwhile, sampling technique is a technique to get the sample

(Surakhmad: 1991, p. 104). The sample in this research is all English idioms and

their translations into Indonesian in ‘A Stranger in the Mirror’ which can be

words, phrases or sentences.

As stated in earlier explanation that this research is a descriptive

qualitative study, the researcher employs purposive sampling technique. The

reason why this technique is applied is that there are many English idioms which

have different types in the novel “A Stranger in the Mirror’. In this case, Sutopo

says that this sampling used in qualitative research is selective based on the

researcher’s theoretical considerations and taken purposively ( 1988, p. 21 ). It

means that in collecting the data, the researcher just took the data which have

relevance to the considerations of the problems.

D. Research Procedure

The researcher conducts this research through some steps or

procedures as written below:

1. Collecting the data, all English idioms and their Indonesian

translation in ‘A Stranger in the Mirror’.

33
2. Having been collected, the data were classified according to the

consideration on how English idioms translated into Indonesian in

‘A Stranger in the Mirror’ and what the types of idioms are.

3. Coding the data that have been found based on their classifications.

For example:

Code 01 / ASIM / 114, means that the datum is number one and it

is taken from the novel ‘A Stranger in the Mirror’ page 114.

Code 01 / SADC / 114, means that the datum is the translation of

datum number one and it is taken from the translated novel in

Indonesian, ‘Sosok Asing dalam Cermin’.

4. Analyzing the data based on the problem statements.

5. Drawing conclusion and giving suggestions based on analysis

result.

E. Technique of Collecting Data

In collecting data, the researcher followed the steps below:

1. The researcher reads at first the novel ‘A Stranger in the Mirror’

and its translation ‘Sosok Asing dalam Cermin’.

2. The researcher takes the data from the data source, namely English

idioms and their translations into Indonesian in ‘A Stranger in the

Mirror’ and wrote on bold type the data one by one.

3. The researcher identifies the data whether the idioms belong to

simple or complex idiom.

34
 4. Finally, the researcher gives numbers to the collected data and

codes them.

F. Technique of Analyzing Data

To answer the problems of the research, all the data are analyzed as

follows:

1. The researcher identifies all the collected data and codes them.

2. The researcher classifies all the data based on the way the English

idioms were translated into Indonesian and the types of the English

idioms used in ‘A Stranger in the Mirror’.

3. The researcher analyzes the data to know what types of English

idioms used in ‘A Stranger in the Mirror’.

4. The researcher also describes how English idioms were translated

into Indonesian in ‘A Stranger in the Mirror’.

5. Finally, the researcher counts the percentage of each classification

and draws conclusion.

35
 CHAPTER IV

DATA ANALYSIS

In the previous chapter, it is stated that the data of this research are the

idiomatic expressions found in the novel A Stranger in the Mirror by Sidney

Sheldon and its translation Sosok Asing dalam Cermin by Hidayat Saleh. There

are 97 data found in the data source. Then all the data are classified into two

classes based on problem statements, (A) the types of English idioms, and (B) the

accuracy of the idioms’ translation. The following is the data analysis of the types

of English idioms and the appropriateness of their translation.

A. The Analysis of the Types of English Idioms

In this analysis, the researcher analyzes the types of English idioms by

employing the kinds of idioms as stated by Hocket. He states that there are six

kinds of idiom based on the process, that is, (1) substitution, (2) proper name, (3)

abbreviation, (4) English phrasal compound, (5) figure of speech, and (6) slang.

But, the researcher only employs two of the kinds since the others are not

available on the data being analyzed. They are as follows:

1. English Phrase Compound

This classification discusses variations of English phrase compounds.

There are a lot of idioms formed in this way. There are sub classifications in this

classification. They are as follows:

36
a. Phrasal Verb

The term phrasal verb refers to a verb and preposition which combine

to have a special meaning.

Example 1

First class, of course, but still… Claude Dessard decided he would reserve

his decision until he had gone through the other names.

(02/ASTM/004)

Masih kelas satu, tentu saja, tapi… Claude Dessard memutuskan untuk

menunda keputusan sampai selesai dengan semua nama dalam daftar.

(02/SADC/015)

The phrase had gone through is an idiom that belongs to inseparable

phrasal verb, since it is formed by a verb go and preposition through

which can not be separated from an object. With an inseparable phrasal

verb, a noun or pronoun must follow the preposition. In this case, the

phrasal verb go through is followed by noun the other names.

Example 2

Alan would stay in bed long after Jill had gone out looking for a job.

(61/ASTM/232)

Alan tinggal di tempat tidur lebih lama sesudah Jill keluar mencari

pekerjaan.

(61/SADC/272)

37
The idiomatic phrase above is another example of an inseparable phrasal

verb. The phrase is formed by a verb look and preposition for, which can

not be separated from an object. It is followed by a noun work, so that the

translator can translate it easily into mencari pekerjaan.

Example 3

I don’t cheat on her except with my wife, and she don’t cheat on me

unless she tells me.

(36/ASTM/117)

Aku tak menyeleweng darinya kecuali dengan istriku, dan ia tak

menyeleweng dariku kecuali ia berterus terang kepadaku.

(36/SADC/142)

The idiom cheat on is also a kind of phrasal verb which cannot be

separated from an object. It is followed by a pronoun her and me. In this

case, it is translated into menyeleweng darinya and menyeleweng dariku.

Example 4

She would lift him to his feet and hold him up while she forced one leg

after the other, so that he was moving in a grotesque parody of motion,

like a drunken, disjointed marionette.

(87/ASTM/314)

Ia mengangkat Toby berdiri di atas kaki dan memegangnya tegak sambil

memeriksa satu kaki untuk bergerak disusul lainnya, sehingga Toby

38
bergerak dalam gerakan yang aneh, lucu,seperti boneka marionette yang

mabuk.

(87/SADC/364)

In contrast with the previous examples, the idiomatic phrase above

belongs to a phrasal verb which is separable. With separable phrasal verb,

a noun may come either between the verb and the preposition or after the

preposition, while a pronoun comes between the verb and the preposition.

As we see in the word forming, the verb hold and the preposition up is

separated a pronoun him.

Example 5

The little agent had been to the barber and his clothes were freshly pressed

but his eyes gave him away.

(97/ASTM/372)

Agen bertubuh kecil itu sudah ke tukang cukur dan pakaiannya disetrika

rapi, tapi matanya tak dapat menipu.

(97/SADC/426)

As the previous phrasal verb, this idiomatic phrase is also separable. The

phrase gave him away is coming from the verb gave and the preposition

away which is separated a pronoun him.

39
Example 6

Jill made up stories about all the stars she worked with, always careful to

use their first names.

(61/ASTM/228)

Jill mengarang cerita tentang semua bintang yang pernah main

bersamanya, selalu hati-hati Cuma menyebutkan nma pertama mereka.

(61/SADC/267)

Although the phrasal verb made up is not separated by an object, this

phrase is a separable phrasal verb since the phrase made up can be

separated by an object too. But in this case, it is just followed by a noun

stories.

Example 7

His money running out, he took a job as a dish washer.

(08/ASTM/026)

Akhirnya uangnya pun habis, ia mengambil pekerjaan sebagai tukang cuci

piring.

(08/SADC/038)

The idiomatic phrase running out is another phrasal verb. The difference

between the previous ones is that this phrase appears without an object. As

we see, this phrase is formed by the verb run and the preposition out,

without any object.

40
 Example 8

Then, as the drugs began to wear off and the pain began to take hold again,

the anger and hate flooded back into him.

(37/ASTM/125)

Lalu, sewaktu pengaruh obat mulai menipis dan rasa sakit kembali,

kemurkaan dan kebencian kembali membanjir dalam dirinya.

(37/SADC/152)

This phrasal verb is another example as the previous one. The verb wear

and preposition off comes together without being followed by an object.

Example 9

Half an hour later, Leon, the chief veranda-deck steward, came in. Dessard

looked up, impatiently.

(04/ASTM/005)

Setengah jam kemudian, Leon, kepala pramugara dek depan, muncul.

Dessard mengangkat muka, tak sabar.

(04/SADC/016/)

The phrase come in is also a phrasal verb without and object. It is from the

verb come and preposition in which is translated into muncul.

There are 52 data in this sub classification, that is,

01 03 04 08 09 17 18 26 27 29 32 33 35 36 37 41 42 44 47 49 50 51 52 55 56 59

60 61 64 65 66 69 70 72 73 74 75 76 79 80 81 86 87 89 90 91 92 94 95 96 97 98

41
b. Noun Phrase

Example 1

Frieda had pleaded with her father to accept Paul’s suit, but the old man

had needed no urging, for he had been desperately afraid he was going to

be stuck with Frieda the rest of his life.

(05/ASTM/014)

Frieda memohon dengan sangat agar ayahnya menerima lamaran Paul, tapi

sang ayah tidak perlu didesak, sebab ia sudah khawatir seumur hidup akan

terus mengurus Frieda.

(05/SADC/024)

The noun phrase the rest of his life belongs to an idiom since it has a

whole meaning and it can not be translated literally word by word. The

translator has translated the expression into seumur hidup as a whole

constituent, not as word by word.

Example 2

“What exactly do you do?”

“A little of everything,” Toby replied.

(16/ASTM/049)

“Tepatnya, apa yang bisa kau kerjakan?”

“Segalanya,” jawab Toby.

(16/SADC/063)

42
Example 3

“You’re a little of everybody” You’re imitating all the big boys.

(28/ASTM/098)

“Kau mengambil sedikit dari sana sini.” Kau menirukan nama-nama besar

itu.

(28/SADC/121)

The noun phrase a little of everybody has the same form as the previous

phrase, a little of everything. In a little of everybody, the translator delivers

its message as mengambil sedikit dari sana sini. It is obvious that he does

not translate it literally since it is an idiom.

Example 4

“Course, I can’t send over a pig in a poke.”

(48/ASTM/199)

“Tentu aku tak bisa mengirimkan kucing dalam karung.”

(48/SADC/235)

The noun phrase a pig in a poke is commonly used in daily conversation.

As we know it is an idiom, and the exact meaning of this idiom is not

kucing dalam karung. In this case, the translator has translated the phrase

into the form of Indonesian idiom too.

Example 5

43
In the beginning, Jill’s mother had written back urging Jill to repeat and

become a bride of God.

(62/ASTM/228)

Pada mulanya, ibu Jill selalu mengirim balasan mendesak Jill untuk

bertobat dan menjadi mempelai Tuhan.

(62/SADC/267)

The meaning of noun phrase a bride of God seems easy to catch although

it is an idiom. The noun God here does not have any hidden meaning,that

is Tuhan.

Example 6

You’re beautiful, and you’ve got a great figure. But in Hollywood, looks

like a drug on the market.

(63/ASTM/196)

Kau cantik, dan kau punya tubuh indah. Tapi di Hollywood, tampang

hanyalah satu macam nama obat di pasaran.

(63/SADC/231)

The idiomatic expression a drug on the market here is also a noun phrase.

As we know this phrase is an idiom, whose meaning cannot be delivered

from the meaning of individual words. But unfortunately, the translator

gives the meaning literally, word by word as satu macam nama obat di

pasaran.

44
 Example 7

“I checked,” Eddie said hastily. “She’s got a clean bill of health.”

(72/ASTM/260)

“Sudah aku periksa,” kata Eddie tergopoh-gopoh. “Catatan kesehatannya

sangat bersih.”

(72/SADC/304)

The noun phrase a clean bill of health belongs to the term of health.

Although we can predict its meaning easily, this noun phrase is

categorized an idiom too. Just like the previous example, the translator

gives the meaning literally, as catatan kesehatannya sangat bersih.

There are 7 data in this sub classification. The data are as follows: 05

16 28 48 62 63 72

c. Verb - Noun - Combination

Certain verbs are followed automatically by certain nouns. The verb

may have different meanings in different collocations. These are the examples:

Example 1

The doors were locked. It sounded like someone was inside the theatre,

running a movie.

(02/ASTM/004)

45
Semua pintunya tertutup. Kedengarannya ada orang di dalam bioskop,

sedang memutar film.

(02/SADC/015)

The verb run in this sentence becomes idiomatic since it is followed a

noun film. The word run has a lot of meanings depends on its sentence’s

context. In this case, the translator gives the meaning as memutar film.

Example 2

In truth he was more interested in writing poetry than in making money.

(06/ASTM/014)

Sesungguhnya, ia lebih suka menulis puisi daripada mencari uang.

(06/SADC/024)

Just like the previous example, the verb make money is idiomatic as it

cannot be assumed literally as creating money from any papers or

something else by our own hands. The closest meaning of this phrase can

be found by looking at the context of the sentence, so that it can be

predicted easily as mencari uang.

Example 3

Mr. Czinsky’s face went white. He clutched his chest and began gasping

for air.

(11/ASTM/033)

Muka Mr. Czinsky berubah pucat. Ia mendekap dada dan terengah-engah.

46
 (11/SADC/045)

The verb went (go) is also has a lot of meanings. It becomes idiomatic

when it is followed by a certain words, included white. In this case, the

word white is not always translated into putih. By looking at the context of

the sentence, which is having relation with the word face, it becomes more

suitable to give its meaning as pucat. Then the whole meaning of went

white becomes berubah pucat, as the translator said so.

Example 4

He carried to the deep leather and made love to her.

(24/ASTM/083)

Ia mengangkat tubuh Alice ke atas sofa berjok kulit dan bercinta

dengannya.

(24/SADC/103)

The expression make love is idiomatic since it cannot be translated word

by word or literally. As we know, the verb make has some meanings and it

depends on the following word and the whole sentences to get the closest

meaning. Here, make is followed by a noun love, which can be translated

into bercinta or having sex intercourse.

Example 5

“Do you read me?”

“Yes.”

47
 (30/ASTM/099)

“Kau mengerti?”

“Ya.”

(30/SADC/121)

The phrase compound above is formed by a verb read and a noun me. It

becomes idiomatic since those words go together with a whole meaning.

We cannot translate read me into membacaku just like as read a novel into

membaca novel. In this case the translator has translated it into mengerti.

Example 6

“I want to live my own life,” David told Josephine, “but I can’t do anything

to hurt Mother.”

(43/ASTM/170)

“Aku ingin menentukan sendiri panggilan hidupku,” kata David kepada

Josephine, “tapi aku tak bisa melakukan apapun yang akan menyakiti ibu.”

(43/SADC/203)

The expression live my own life is idiomatic since it has a different

meaning from the individual words when they stand alone. The verb live

is commonly translated into bertempat tinggal, but in this case, the

translator gives the whole meaning as menentukan sendiri pnggilan

hidupku.

Example 7

48
He was forty-two years old and owned the world.

(53/ASTM/213)

Ia berumur empat puluh dua tahun dan memiliki dunia.

(53/SADC/251)

The idiomatic expression above is formed by a verb own and a noun the

world. It should not be translated word by word since it has a special

meaning. Unfortunately, the translator has translated the phrase literally

into memiliki dunia, so that it sounds idiomatic also in the target language.

Example 8

When the picture plays in Odessa, it’ll give all her friends a real kick.

(67/ASTM/238)

Bila film ini diputar di Odessa, teman-temannya pasti mendapat kejutan

besar.

(67/SADC/278)

The phrase give a real kick above is separated by pronoun all her friends.

The verb give here can be translated literally but not for the noun a real

kick. A real kick here means something surprising and cannot be translated

into tendangan yang sebenarnya since it is an idiom.

Example 9

“Do you think Toby would marry you if he found out that you’ve laid

everybody in town?’

49
 (82/ASTM/281)

“Kau kira Toby akan menikahimu kalau ia tahu kau telah tidur dengan

setiap laki-laki di kota ini?’

(82/SADC/328)

The idiomatic expression lay everybody above almost has the same

meaning as the expression make love. In this case, the translator has

translated it into tidur dengan setiap laki-laki, in which its deeper meaning

is having sex with everybody.

Example 10

He’s in bed, helpless. I’m losing my mind.

(93/ASTM/352)

Ia ada di ranjangnya, tak berdaya, barangkali aku sedang kehilangan akal

sehatku.

(93/SADC/405)

The expression losing my mind is also idiomatic. The verb lose is just

translated literally into kehilangan, while for the next word, which is my

mind, should be translated freely based on the context of the sentence. In

this case, the translator gives the whole meaning as kehilangan akal

sehatku.

There are 14 data in this sub classification. The data are as follows:

02 06 11 12 22 24 25 30 43 46 53 67 82 93

50
 2. Slang

Slang is commonly used in a conversation among friends or

colleagues, but not suitable for formal occasions, and especially cannot be used by

persons in different classes. One characteristic of slang is that it exists side by side

with another, more general term for the same thing.

Example 1

“So, you’re a comic, huh?”

(14/ASTM/039)

“Jadi, kau seorang pelawak, huh?”

(14/SADC/051)

The word huh in the sentence above is categorized into slang since it is

used in a conversation among friends or among people in the same class.

The slang huh here does not have any meaning, so that the translator does

not give any translation of it.

Example 2

“The dumb son of a bitch put on his prettiest lace dress and went out to a

party.”

(20/ASTM/069)

“Si bangsat tolol itu mengenakan gaun renda yang paling bagus dan pergi

ke pesta.”

(20/SADC/087)

51
The dumb son of bitch is a rough slang, which is not suitable for daily talk

among us. The translator gives its whole meaning as si bangsat tolol,

where the word dumb is translated into tolol and the phrase son of a bitch

is translated into bangsat. In this case, the speaker uses it for expressing

his anger to his friend in the context of informal situation.

Example 3

Toby temple had tried to reach Sam Winters half a dozen times, but he was

never able to pass his bitch of a secretary.

(21/ASTM/074)

Sudah berpuluh kali Toby mencoba menghubungi Sam Winters, tapi tak

pernah bisa melewati sekretarisnya.

(21/SADC/092)

The main part of the phrase his bitch of secretary is on the word bitch.

Literally the word bitch has the meaning of anjing betina, and it is

commonly used when someone felt angry to someone else. In this case, the

word bitch shows the anger of the speaker to the secretary and it does not

have a certain meaning in Indonesian.

Example 4

Toby stared at her at a moment. “Are you kidding me?”

(23/ASTM/075)

Toby mengawasinya beberapa saat. “Apa kau bergurau?”

52
 (23/SADC/093)

The idiomatic phrase kidding me is usually found in daily conversation

among teenagers. It is suitable in a talk among friends, not in the formal

situation. The translator gives the meaning as bergurau.

Example 5

“All the studios tell me they can make me look beautiful, but I think that’s

a load of horeshit.”

(38/ASTM/137)

“Semua studio mengatakan kepadaku bahwa mereka bisa membuatku

tampak cantik, tapi kukira itu cuma omong kosong.”

(38/SADC/168)

Just like the word bitch, horeshit is also a rough slang or a swearword. It

does not have any literal meaning. It is also commonly said to express

anger to other people.

Example 6

“What the hell’s going on?”

(40/ASTM/140)

“Ada apa sebenarnya?”

(40/SADC/168)

The word hell has a lot of meanings, such as; neraka, masa bodoh,

persetan, kurang ajar, and so on. Most of them are used to give a verbal

53
abuse, depends on the context of the sentence also. But in certain cases,

hell is not always need to be translated. It means, sometimes it doesn’t

have any certain meaning in an expression, just having a contribution to

give a sense of anger or resentment to others. For instance, in the sentence

above, what the hell’s going on, it is inserted before to be is, to make the

question sounds stronger.

Example 7

“Thanks, Pal,” Toby said and hung up.

(58/ASTM/226)

“Terimakasih Pal, Toby berkata dan memutus sambungan.

(58/SADC/265)

Pal has the same meaning as friend. Pal is a slang word and friend is not,

because pal is used by a limited part of the population, mostly young

people, whereas friend is used by people in general.

Example 8

“Then, would you do me a favor, dear boy? Call him and tell him so.”

“What?”

(57/ASTM/225)

“Kalau begitu, maukah kau menolongku, dear boy? Teleponlah dia dan

katakan pendapatmu itu.”

“Apa?”

54
 (57/SADC/265)

The word what? in the sentence above belongs to slang just because it

cannot be apply in formal situation. The translator has translated this word

into apa?, which is asking something to his talking partner.

Example 9

“Yeah. I like that little chick in it. She’s got something.”

(71/ASTM/254)

“Yeah. Aku suka gadis yang main di situ. Ia punya sesuatu.”

(71/SADC/298)

The slang chick has the same meaning as the word girl. The difference is

just its usage and its context of situation. Girl gives the good sense and it

is commonly used by general people, whereas chick is used only by a

limited part of the population and it sounds impolite.

Example 10

“……. listen to this. My old man was a butcher and…..”

(84/ASTM/277)

“……. dengarkan ceritaku ini. Ayahku adalah seorang tukang daging dan

……”

(84/SADC/324)

55
 The word old man has the same meaning as father. The old man is slang

while father is not. This phenomenon is just the same with the previous

example.

Example 11

“To tell the truth, I’m not feeling so hot. We don’t have a date tonight, do

we?”

(85/ASTM/302)

“Terus terang, aku merasa tak begitu hot. Kita tak punya kencan malam

ini kan?”

(85/SADC/350)

The phrase feeling so hot is idiomatic since the word hot cannot be

translated literally into pedas or panas. Feeling so hot is also slang

expression, so that it is not suitable to apply it in formal conversation.

Unfortunately, the translator doesn’t give the clear meaning of hot based

on the context of the sentence.

There are 14 data in this classification. They are as follows:

07 10 13 14 15 19 20 21 23 31 34 38 39 40 45 54 58 57 68 71 78 83 84 85

B. The Analysis of the Appropriateness of Translation

In this section, the researcher analyses the appropriateness of the

translation of idioms as used in Sidney Sheldon’s novel A Stranger in the Mirror.

The analysis is conducted by comparing the sentences in which there are

56
idiomatic expressions in English and their Indonesian translation. The translation

is considered to be accurate if it transfers rightly the message of the source

language (English) into target language (Indonesian) and vice versa. This

classification is divided into two sub classifications. They are as follows:

1. Appropriate Translation

This sub classification covers all English idioms which have accurately

been translated into Indonesian. A translation is judged to be accurate if the

message in target language is the same as that of the source language. For

examples:

1. He had never encountered a situation he had not been able to deal with

efficiently and discreetly.

(01/ASTM/007)

Belum pernah sekalipun ia menjumpai masalah yang tak dapat

diselesaikannya dengan tenang dan efisien.

(01/SADC/011)

2. Every night you’re up on that stage, I want you to figure out how you can be

better.

(35/ASTM/113)

Setiap malam kau naik ke panggung, aku ingin kau memikirkan bagaimana

kau bisa lebih baik lagi.

(35/SADC/137)

57
3. “I want you to check her out.” Toby ordered.

(76/ASTM/260)

“Aku ingin kau memeriksanya,” perintah Toby.

(76/SADC/304)

4. It sounded like someone was inside the theatre running a movie.

(02/ASTM/004)

Kedengarannya seperti ada orang di dalam bioskop, sedang memutar film.

(02/SADC/015)

5. In truth he was more interested in writing poetry than in making money.

(06/ASTM/014)

Sesungguhnya ia lebih suka menulis puisi daripada mencari uang.

(02/SADC/024)

6. Mr.Czinsky’s face went white. He clutched his chest and began gasping for air.

(11/ASTM/033)

Muka Mr.Czinsky berubah pucat. Ia mendekap dada dan terengah-engah.

(11/SADC/045)

7. If she’s really interested in being an actress, she’ll be dying to meet them.

(83/ASTM/277)

58
 Jika ia benar-benar berminat jadi aktris, ia pasti setengah mati ingin berjumpa

dengan mereka.

(83/SADC/324)

8. “Yeah. I like the little chick in it. She’s got something.”

(71/ASTM/254)

“Yeah. Aku suka gadis yang main disitu. Ia punya sesuatu.”

(71/SADC/298)

In those examples above it can be seen that that translation of the

English idioms is already accurate. The translator has delivered the message to the

target language in the same way as that in the source language. There is no

message that is lost and there is no deviation in the message transferred.

There are 87 data in this sub classification. The date are as follows: 01 02 04 05

06 07 08 09 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 33

34 35 36 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 59 60 61 64

65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 83 84 86 87 88 89 90 91 92

93 94 95 96 97

2. Inappropriate Translation

This sub classification covers all English idioms which are

inappropriately translated. A translation is considered to be inappropriate if it does

not rightly transfer the message in the source language into target language. After

59
analyzing the data, the researcher found 10 data which belongs to inappropriate of

the translation of English idioms as used in Sidney Sheldon’s novel A Stranger in

the Mirror. The translator was not careful in choosing the right or appropriate

words for his translation. The failure of using the right diction can result in the

deviation of the message of the source language, which in turn will cause

misunderstandings for readers in the target language.

The data are as follows:

Example 1

“When you stand up on that stage, the audience wants to eat you up. They

love you”

(27/ASTM/093)

“Waktu kau berada di panggung, penonton ingin melahapmu. Mereka

mencintaimu.”

(27/ASTM/114)

The idiom eat you up above is translated into melahapmu. This translation

does not transfer the message into the target language rightly. Based on the

context of the sentence, the audience loves him, and the word melahap

sounds so scary and gives a negative effect to him. Therefore, the translation

should be like this:

“Waktu kau berada di panggung, penonton ingin memberikan perhatian

penuh kepadamu. Mereka mencintaimu.”

Example 2

60
In the beginning, Jill’s mother had written back urging Jill to repent and

become a bride of God.

(48/ASTM/228)

Pada mulanya, ibu Jill selalu mengirim balasan mendesak Jill untuk bertobat

dan menjadi mempelai Tuhan.

(48/SADC/267)

The noun phrase a bride of God is an idiom. It has been translated into

mempelai Tuhan, which is not appropriate to its context. The word bride

should not be translated literally into mempelai as God itself does not have a

bride. Therefore, the translation should be like this:

Pada mulanya, ibu Jill selalu mengirim balasan mendesak Jill untuk bertobat

dan untuk menjadi orang yang dekat kepada Tuhan.

Example 3

You’re beautiful, and you’ve got a great figure. But in Hollywood, looks

like a drug on the market. Beautiful girls come here from all over the world.

(63/ASTM/196)

Kau cantik, dan kau punya tubuh yang indah. Tapi di Hollywood, tampang

hanyalah satu macam obat di pasaran. Gadis-gadis cantik datang kemari

dari seluruh penjuru dunia.

(63/SADC/231)

The idiom a drug on the market here has been translated into satu macam

obat di pasaran. It is obvious that the translator has been given the literal

61
meaning, exactly like the idiom in Indonesian’s version. This meaning is not

acceptable as it does not transfer the message into the target language

accurately. A drug on the market here means there are too many beautiful

girls in Hollywood.

Therefore, the translation should be like this:

Kau cantik dan kau punya tubuh yang indah. Tapi di Hollywood, gadis

cantik ada dimana-mana.

Example 4

“To tell the truth, I’m not feeling so hot. We don’t have a date tonight, do

we?”

(85/ASTM/302)

“Terus terang, aku merasa tak begitu hot . Kita tak punya kencan malam ini

kan?”

(85/SADC/350)

The idiomatic expression I’m feeling so hot above is not translated fully. The

word hot is not translated in Indonesian. The word hot has a lot of

meanings. One of them is hebat. In this case, this meaning seems nearly to

deliver the message into target language accurately. But, if we take a look at

the context of the sentence, it becomes inappropriate. The word hebat should

be changed into another.

Therefore the translation should be like this:

62
 “Terus terang, aku merasa tak begitu mengggairahkan. Kita tak punya

kencan malam ini kan?”

There are only 10 data belonging to this part. They are as follows:

03 12 27 37 48 58 62 63 82 85

63
 TABLE OF ANALYZED DATA

TABLE I

Table of Types of English Idiom

Classifi Sub Data Number Total Percentage

cation classification Number %

of Data

1 1.a 01 03 04 08 09 17 18 26 27 52 53.61%

29 32 33 35 36 37 41 42 44

47 49 50 51 52 55 56 59 60

61 64 65 66 69 70 72 73 74

75 76 79 80 81 86 87 88 89

90 91 92 94 95 96 97

1.b 05 16 28 48 62 63 72 7 7.22%

1.c 02 06 11 12 22 24 25 30 43 14 14.43%

46 53 67 82 93

2 -- 07 10 13 14 15 19 20 21 23 24 24.74%

31 34 38 39 40 45 54 58 57

68 71 78 83 84 85

Note:

1 = English Phrase Compound

64
 1.a = Phrasal Verb

1.b = Noun Phrase

1.c = Verb - Noun - Combination

2 = Slang

TABLE II

Table of Appropriateness of Translation

Classification Data Number Total Number Percentage %

of Data

1 01 02 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 87 89.69%

11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 38 39 40

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 49 50

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 59 60

61 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

81 83 84 86 87 88 89 90 91

92 93 94 95 96 97

2 03 12 27 37 48 58 62 63 82 10 10.31%

85

65
Note:

1. Appropriate Translation of Idiom

2. Inappropriate Translation of Idiom

66
 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

Based on the problem statements and the data analysis, some

conclusions are drawn as follows:

1. The total number of the data is 97. The data classification that reveals the

distribution of the use of idiomatic expression in the novel ‘A Stranger in

the Mirror’ covers two classification, they are English Phrase Compound

and Slang Expression.

2. The first classification contains of three variations, such as, Phrasal Verb,

Noun Phrase, and Verb-Noun-Combination. From the first variation, the

writer finds 52 data using the phrasal verb, with its percentage is about

53.61%. The second one, that is, the idiomatic expression belongs to noun

phrase is just 7 data with its percentage is about 7.22%. This variation

becomes the smallest amount of the English Phrase Compound. The last

variation is verb-noun-combination which has 14 data and its percentage is

about 14.43%.

3. The last classification, slang, has 24 data which have the percentage about

24.74%. It means that the usage of this type of idiom is also significant for

it has been become the life style in western daily conversation.

4. From the total number of the data, there are 87 data that are appropriately

translated into Indonesian. There are only 10 data that are not

67
 appropriately translated into Indonesian. These inaccurate translations are

due to the incorrect use of diction in which the translator was not careful

enough in choosing the appropriate words. However it can be concluded

that the accuracy of the translation is high.

B. Suggestion

Based on the result of the research, the researcher would like to give

some suggestions as follows:

1. To the English Department Students and English Learners.

The students and learners of English are expected to understand that

there are a number of variations of English idiom that occur due to the

different system of one language to another. Therefore, a good mastery of

both source and target language will be very helpful in making a good

translation. In addition to that, they are suggested to learn from other

professional translators who have sufficient knowledge of translation and

considerable experience in translating, in order to widen their knowledge

of translation and to improve their capability in translating.

2. To the lectures of English Department.

The research is expected to be useful to the lectures of English

Department as additional input and reference in the teaching of translation

especially in teaching idiomatic expression in their application.

3. To other researcher

68
 It is hoped that this research can inspire them to conduct the research

about idiomatic translation as it is as a significant phenomenon for the

development of translation studies and it might have an important

contribution to the students to improve their ability in analyzing idiomatic

translation.

Since the research only deals with the limited translation variations

of English idioms, the researcher hopes that other researchers would

conduct a more details research on the subject of other variations of

idiomatic expressions.

69
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Arikunto, Suharsimi. 1998. Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta: Bina Aksara.

Baker, Mona. 1992. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. London:

Clays Ltd.

Bell, R.T. 1997. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. London:

Longman.

Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford.

Chaer, A. 1984. Kamus Idiom Bahasa Indonesia. Ende. Penerbit Nusa Indah.

Chaika, E. 1982. Language in the Social Mirror. Massachusetts: Newbury House

Publisher.

Echols, J.M. and Hasan, S. 1992. Kamus Inggris-Indonesia. Jakarta: PT

Gramedia.

Hatim and Hason. 1990. Discorse and the Translator. London: Cambridge

University Press.

Kridalaksana, H. 1989. Fungsi dan Sikap Bahasa. Ende: Nusa Indah.

Lado. 1961. Modern American Idiom. Jakarta: PT Prima Karya.

Larson, M.L. 1984. Meaning-Based Translation: A Guide to Cross Language

Acquisition. USA: University Press of America Inc.

Nababan, Mangatur. 1995. Aspek Teori Penerjemahan dan Pengalihbahasaan.

Surakarta: UNS Press.

Newmark, P. 1981. Approaches to Translation. London: Oxford Penguin Press.

Nida, E.A. 1964. Toward Science of Translating. London: E.J. Brill.

70
Nida, E.A and Taber. 1974. The Theory and Practice of translation. London: E.J.

Brill.

Palmer, E.R. 1983. Semantic, A New Outline. London: Cambridge Ltd.

Seidl, J and McMordie, W. 1978. English Idioms and How to Use Them. London:

Oxford University Press.

Sitepu, Jasmin. 2005. Daily Conversation with American Slang. Jakarta: Pustaka

Tangga.

Stuart and Ruth. 1988. Working with Words. London: Cambridge University

Press.

Sutopo, H. 1988. Pengantar Penelitian Kualitatif. Dasar-dasar teori dan Praktek.

Surakarta. Pusat Penelitian UNS.

71
APPENDICES

DATA

72
(001 / ASTM / 001)

He had never encountered a situation he had not been able to deal with efficiently

and discreetly.

(007 / SADC / 011)

Belum pernah sekalipun ia menjumpai masalah yang tak dapat diselesaikannya

dengan tenang dan efisien.

(002 / ASTM / 004)

It sounded like someone was inside the theater, running a movie.

(002 / SADC / 015)

Kedengarannya ada orang di dalam bioskop, sedang memutar film.

(003 / ASTM / 004)

He would reserve his decision until he had gone through the other names.

(003 / SADC / 015)

Dia memutuskan untuk menunda keputusan sampai selesai dengan semua nama

dalam daftar.

(004 / ASTM / 005)

Half an hour later, Leon, the chief veranda-deck steward, came in.

(004 / SADC/ 016)

Setengah jam kemudian, Leon, kepala pramugara dek depan, muncul.

73
(005 / ASTM / 014)

…….. for he had been desperately afraid he was going to be stuck with Frieda the

rest of his life.

(005 / SADC / 024)

…….. sebab ia sudah khawatir seumur hidup ia harus mengurus Frieda.

(006 / ASTM / 014)

In truth he was more interested in writing poetry than in making money.

(006 / SADC / 024)

Sesungguhnya, ia lebih suka menulis puisi daripada mencari uang.

(007 / ASTM / 023)

“Answer him you little son of a bitch!” Ellen’s father bellowed.

“Did you touch my daughter?”

(007 / SADC / 034)

“Jawab, bangsat!” ayah Ellen mengeram.

“Apakah kau pernah menyentuh anakku?”

(008 / ASTM / 026)

His money running out, he took a job as a dish washer.

(008/ SADC / 038)

Akhirnya uangnya pun habis, ia mengambil pekerjaan sebagai tukang cuci piring.

74
(009 / ASDTM / 026)

He would send for his mother and they would live in a beautiful penthouse.

(009 / SADC / 037)

Ia akan menjemput ibunya dan mereka akan tinggal dalam rumah yang besar dan

indah.

(010 / ASTM / 028)

“Tell me she’s going to be all right, goddamn you!”

(010 / SADC / 040)

“Katakan ia akan segera sembuh, demi Tuhan!”

(011 / ASTM / 033)

Mr. Czinski’s face went white. He clutched his chest and began gasping for air.

(011 / SADC / 045)

Muka Mr. Czinski berubah pucat. Ia mendekap dada dan terengah-engah.

(012 / ASTM/ 039)

“And if you lay an egg, you won’t live to see twenty two.”

(012 / SADC / 045)

“Dan bila kau Cuma besar mulut, kau tak akan hidup sampai umur dua puluh

dua.”

(013 / ASTM / 039)

“Try him,” Merri added. “What can you lose?”

75
“My fuckin’ customers!”

(013 / SADC / 051)

“Cobalah dia.” Merri menambahkan. “Kau takkan rugi apa-apa kan?”

“Tamuku bisa kabur!”

(014 / ASTM / 039)

“So, you’re a comic, huh?”

(014 / SADC / 051)

“Jadi, kau seorang pelawak, huh?”

(015 / ASTM / 039)

“Horeshit, all right. Get out there.”

(015 / SADC / 052)

“Sialan, baiklah. Pergilah kesana.”

(016 / ASTM / 049)

‘What exactly do you do?”

“A little of everything,” Toby replied.

(016 / SADC / 63)

“Tepatnya, apa yang kau kerjakan?”

“Segalanya,” jawab Toby.

(017 / ASTM / 051)

“I’m sorry, your transfer didn’t work out, Temple.”

76
(017 / SADC / 066)

“Aku menyesal bahwa usulmu ditolak, Temple.”

(018 / ASTM / 051)

“When the wars over, if you get to Hollywood, look me up!”

(018 / SADC / 066)

“Kalau perang sudah selesai dank au sampai ke Hollywood, carilah aku!”

(019 / ASTM / 066)

“I’m a giant, you pigmy sons of bitches!”

(019 / SADC / 084)

“Aku adalah raksasa, kalian adalah bangsat-bangsat kerdil!”

(020 / ASTM / 069)

“The dunb of a bitch put on his prettiest lace dress and went out to a party.”

(020 / SADC / 0

Si bangsat tolol iti mengenakan gaun renda yang paling bagus dan pergi ke pesta.”

(021 / ASTM / 074)

Toby Temple has tried to reach Sam Winters half a dozen times, but he was never

able to pass his bitch of a secretary.

(021 / SADC / 092)

77
Sudah berpuluh kaliu Toby Temple mencoba menghubungi Sam Winters, tapi tak

pernah bias melewati sekretarisnya.

(022 / ASTM / 074)

Toby made the rounds of nightclubs and studios without success.

(022 / SADC / 092)

Toby berkeliling mengunjungi berbagai nightclub dan studio tanpa hasil.

(023 / ASTM / 075)

Toby stared at her at a moment. “Are you kidding me?”

(023 / SADC / 093)

Toby mengawasinya beberapa saat. “Apakah ini lelucon?”

(024 / ASTM / 083)

He carried her to the deep leather couch and made love to her.

(024 / SADC / 103)

Ia mengangkat tubuh Alice ke atas sofa berjok kulit dan bercinta dengannya.

(025 / ASTM / 086)

Three hours later, an aesthetic Karen made the phone call.

(025 / SADC / 106)

Tiga jam kemudian, Karen yang terbuai menelepon.

(026 / ASTM / 091)

78
Toby felt that sense of euphoria building up in him again.

(026 / SADC / 112)

Toby merasakan euphoria merasuk dalam dirinya.

(027 / ASTM / 093)

The audience wants to eat you up.

(027 / SADC / 0

Penonton ingin melahapmu.

(028 / ASTM / 098)

“You’re a little of everybody. You’re imitating all the bigboys.”

(028 / SADC / 121)

Kau mengambil sedikit dari sana sini. Kau menirukan nama-nama besar itu.”

(029 / ASTM / 099)

“You can get away with things that the other boys can’t.”

(029 / SADC / 121)

“Kau bisa melontarkan berbagai hal yang tak bisa dilakukan oleh orang lain.”

(030 / ASTM / 099)

“Do you read me?”

(030 / SADC / 121)

“Kau mengerti?”

79
(031 / ASTM / 102)

“Give them hell, tiger!” O’hanlon said.

(031 / SADC / 125)

“Beri mereka kejutan, jagoan!” kata O’hanlon.

(032 / ASTM / 104)

He was so nervous that he was beginning to mix up his words.

(032 / SADC / 126)

Ia begitu gelisah hingga ia mengacaukan kata-katanya.

(033 / ASTM / 104)

God had finally come through.

(033 / SADC / 128)

Tuhan akhirnya memenuhi janjinya.

(034 / ASTM / 112)

“When they came back to my dressing room, I damn near died.”

(034 / SADC / 136)

“Aku hamper saja mati sewaktu mereka masuk ke kamarku.”

(035 / ASTM / 113)

80
“Every night, you’re up on that stage, I want you to figure out how you can be

better.”

(035 / SADC / 137)

“Setiap malam kau naik ke panggung, aku ingin kau memikirkan bagaimana kau

bisa lebih baik lagi.”

(036 / ASTM / 117)

“I don’t cheat ob her except with my wife, and she don’t cheat on me unless she

tells me.”

(036 / SADC /

“Aku tak menyeleweng darinya kecuali dengan istriku dan ia tak tak

menyeleweng dariku kecuali ia berterus terang kepadaku.”

(037 / ASTM / 125)

Then, as the drugs began to wear-off and the pain began to take hold again, the

anger and hate flooded back into him.

(037 / SADC / 152)

Lalu, sewaktu pengaruh obat mulai menipis dan rasa sakit kembali, kemurkaan

dan kebencian kembali membanjir dalam dirinya.

(038 / ASTM / 137)

“All the studios tell me they can make me look beautiful, but I think that’s a load

of horeshit.”

81
(038 / SADC / 165)

“Semua studio mengatakan kepadaku bahwa mereka bias membuatku tampak

cantik, tapi kukira itu Cuma omong kosong.”

(039 / ASTM / 140)

“The goddamned bitch! There was no reason to fire Dastin from the picture.”

(039 /SADC /168)

Anjing betina itu! Tak ada alas an apapun untuk memecat Dastin dari film ini.”

(040 / ASTM / 140)

“What the hell’s going on?” Sam demanded.

(040 / SADC / 168)

“Ada apa sebenarnya?” Sam mendesak.

(041 / ASTM / 168)

“While I was away, you’re grown up and become a beauty.”

(041 / SADC / 201)

“Sejak aku pergi, kau tumbuh menjadi wanita yang cantik.”

(042 / ASTM / 169)

“Mother wants me to take over the business.”

(042 / SADC / 202)

Ibu menghendaki aku mengambil alih semua urusan bisnis keluarga.”

82
(043 / ASTM / 170)

“I want to live my own life.”

(043 / SADC / 203)

“Aku ingin menentukan sendiri panggilan hidupku.”

(044 / ASTM / 171)

“Get in”, David commanded.

(044 / SADC / 204)

“Masuk,” David memerintahkan.

(045 / ASTM / 188)

He had never had to work his ass off in filthy little clubs or have drunken

audiences throw empty beer bottles at him.

(045 / SADC / 223)

Ia belum pernah terpaksa bekerja jungkir balik di kelab-kelab kecil yang kotor,

atau menerima lemparan botol bir kosong dari penonton yang mabuk.

(046 / ASTM / 1890

“I hear that you made a deal with Toby Temple at Consolidated Broadcasting.”

(046 / SADC /225)

Kudengar kau menandatangani kontrak Toby Temple di Consolidated

Broadcasting.”

83
(047 / ASTM / 196)

“Come back when you’ve got some acting experience, kid.”

(047 / SADC 223)

“Kembalilah kalau sudah punya pengalaman acting, Nak.”

(048 / ASTM / 199)

“Course, I can’t send over a pig in a poke.”

(048 / SADC / 235)

“Tentu aku tak bias mengirimkan kucing dalam karung.”

(049 / ASTM / 202)

They thought they could find a way to get through the studio gates, scales the

studio walls.

(049 / SADC / 239)

Mereka piker akhirnya mereka akan bias menemukan jalan melewati gerbang

studio, memanjat tembok-temboknya.

(050 / ASTM / 204)

She went over the scene a hundred times.

(050 / SADC / 241)

Ratusan kali ia membayangkan adegan ini.

(051 / ASTM / 204)

84
Jill was given a single mimeographed page from the script on a Monday afternoon

and told to report for make -up at six a.m. the following morning.

(051 / SADC / 241)

Jill hanya diberi satu halaman stensilan dari scenario itu pada Senin siang dan

diberitahu agar dating melapor pada pukul 6 pagi keesokan harinya.

(052 / ASTM / 207)

“Don’t blow it!” He whispered fiercely. “Get out there!”

(052 / SADC / 244)

“jangan mengacau!” Ia berbisik galak. “Pergilah kesana!”

(053 / ASTM / 213)

He was forty -two years old and owned the world.

(053 / SADC / 251)

Ia berumur empat puluh dua tahun dan memiliki dunia.

(054 / ASTM / 216)

“It’s like a group of fuck, Cliff. Somebody always gets left with a hard-on.”

(054 / SADC / 255)

“Ini seperti berebut makanan, Cliff. Seseorang pasti akan tetap lapar.”

(055 / ASTM / 223)

“He was counting on this part, wasn’t he?” Toby asked.

85
(055 / SADC / )

“Tentu ia menaruh harapan besar pada peran itu bukan?” Tanya Toby.

(056 / ASTM / 224)

When the snow went on the air, it was the hit of the season.

(056 / SADC / 263)

Ketika disiarkan, pertunjukan itu menjadi hit musim itu.

(057 / ASTM / 225)

“Then would you do me a favor, dear boy? Call him and tell him so.”

“What?”

(057 / SADC / 265)

“Kalau begitu, maukah kau menolongku, dear boy? Teleponlah dia dan katakana

pendapatmu itu.”

“Apa?”

(058 / ASTM / 226)

“Thanks, Pal,” Toby said and hung up.

(058 / SADC 265)

“Terimakasih, Pal,” Toby berkata dan meletakkan telepon.

(059 / ASTM / 226)

He would often sit up all night running movies at home.

86
(059 / SADC / 265)

Ia kerap dududk sepanjang malam, memutar film dirumahnya.

(060 / ASTM / 227)

They gloated over each disastrous review that came out and deprecated the good

ones.

(060 / SADC / 266)

Dengan gembira mereka menggunjingkan berita-berita bencana yang meninpa

orang lain dan dengan cemburu mengutuk berita-berita baik.

(061 / ASTM / 228)

Jill made up stories about all the stars she worked with, always careful to use their

first names.

(061 / SADC / 267)

Jill mengarang cerita tentang semua bintang yang pernah main bersamanya, selalu

hati-hati Cuma menyebutkan nama pertama mereka.

(062 / ASTM / 228)

In the beginning, Jill’s mother had written back urging Jill to repent and become a

bride of God.

(062 / SADC / 267)

Pada mulanya, ibu Jill selalu mengirim balasan mendesak Jill untuk bertobat dan

menjadi mempelai Tuhan.

87
(063 / ASTM / 196)

You’re beautiful, and you’ve got a great figure. But in Hollywood, looks like a

drug in the market.

(063 / SADC / 231)

Kau cantik, dan kau punya tubuh indah. Tapi di Hollywood, tampang hanyalah

satu macam nama obat di pasaran.

(064 / ASTM / 232)

Alan would stay in bed long after Jill had gone out looking for a job.

(064 / SADC / 272)

Alan tinggal di tempat tidur lama sesudah Jill keluar mencari pekerjaan.

(065 / ASTM / 238)

“You really come up with ‘em.” Terraglio said admiringly.

(065 / SADC /

“Kau benar-benar hebat.” kata Terraglio.

(066 / ASTM / 241)

“Get your clothes off, sweetheart.”

(066 / SADC / 281)

“Tanggalkan pakaianmu, sweetheart.”

(067 / ASTM / 238)

88
When the picture plays on Odessa, it’ll give all her friends a real kick.

(067 / SADC / 278)

Bila film ini diputar di Odessa, teman-tamannya pasti mendapat kejutan besar.

(068 / ASTM / 238)

“We’re gonna have a hell of a picture here.”

(068 / SADC / 278)

“Kita akan punya film luar niasa.”

(069 / ASTM / 253)

He’ll show up Saturday to tape the show and then split.

(069 / SADC / 296)

Ia akan muncul Sabtu nanti untuk pengambilan gambar dan bubar.

(070 / ASTM / 254)

Toby was showing off for Jill.

(070 / SADC / 297)

Toby sedang pamer kepada Jill.

(071 / ASTM / 254)

“Yeah, I like that little chick in it. She’s got something.”

(071 / SADC / 298)

“Yeah, aku suka gadis yang main disitu. Ia punya sesuatu.”

89
(072 / ASTM / 256)

Clifton wanted to get up and walk out, but he did not dare.

(072 / SADC / 300)

Clifton berniat untuk berdiri dan keluar, tapi tidak berani.

(073 / ASTM / 257)

Clifton had to get away before it was too late.

(073 / SADC / 301)

Clifton harus melepaskan diri sebelum terlambat.

(074 / ASTM / 257)

Clifton had never believed that Toby would turn on him.

(074 / SADC / 301)

Clifton tak pernah percaya bahwa Toby akan berpaling darinya.

(075 / ASTM /258)

“I’m doing a part at Universal. I can’t get out of it.”

(075 / SADC / 302)

“Aku ada peran di Universal. Aku tak bias keluar begitu saja.”

(076 / ASTM / 260)

“I want you to check her out.” Toby ordered.

(076 / SADC / “Aku ingin kau memeriksanya,” perintah Toby.

90
(077 / ASTM / 260)

“She’s got a clean bill of health.”

(077 / SADC / 304)

“Catatan kesehatannya sangat bersih.”

(078 / ASTM / 260)

“Is she laying anybody?”

(078 / SADC / 304)

“Apakah ia tidur dengan seseorang?”

(079 / ASTM / 267)

When the picture ended and the lights went up, coffee and cake were served.

(079 / SADC / 313)

Ketika film selesai dan lampu dinyalakan, disajikanlah kopi dan kue-kue.

(080 / ASTM / 268)

He was damned if he was going to carry on a conversation with a mechanical

voice.

(080 / SADC / 313)

Terkutuklah ia kalau mau berbicara dengan mesin.

( 081 / ASTM / 281)

“Jill, I’m going to lay it on the lone,” Clifton said.

91
(081 / SADC / 328)

“Jill. aku akan mengemukakannya terus terang,” kata Clifton.

(082 / ASTM / 281)

“Do you think Toby would marry you if he found out you’ve laid everybody in

town?”

(082 / SADC / 328)

“Kau kira Toby akan menikahimu kalau ia tahu kau telah tidur dengan setiap laki-

laki di kota ini?

(083 / ASTM / 263)

If she really interested in being an actress, she’ll be dying to meet them.

(083 / SADC / 308)

Jika benar-benar berminat menjadi aktris, ia pasti setengah mati ingin berjumpa

dengan mereka.

(084 / ASTM / 277)

“……… listen to this. My old man was a butcher and ……”

(084 / SADC / 324)

“………. dengarkan ceritaku ini. Ayahku adalah seorang tukang daging dan …..”

(085 / ASTM / 302)

“To tell the truth, I’m not feeling so hot. We don’t have a date tonight, do we?”

92
(085 / SADC / 350)

“Terus terang, aku merasa tak begitu hot. Kita tak punya kencan malam ini kan?”

(086 / ASTM / 302)

“How did I ever get along with you?”

(086 / SADC / 350)

“Bagaimana aku akan hidup tanpa kau?”

(087 / ASTM / 314)

She would lift him to his feet and hold him up while she forced one leg after the

other …….

(087 / SADC / 364)

Ia mengangkat Toby berdiri di atas kaki dan memegangnya tegak sambil

memeriksa satu kaki untuk bergerak disusul yang lainnya……

(088 / ASTM / 302)

“Nothing that I can’t put off. I’ll send the servants away and cook dinner my self

tonight.”

(088 / SADC / 350)

“Tak ada yang tak bias kutunda

(089 / ASTM / 319)

“I honestly can’t get over it.”

93
(089 / SADC / 369)

“Terus terang aku tak bias mengerti. Luar biasa, kau kelihatan lebih muda.”

(090 / ASTM / 320)

Sam did not want to discourage Toby, but neither did he want to hold out any

false hopes.

(090 / SADC / 370)

Sam tak berniat meruntuhkan semangat Toby, tapi ia juga tak ingin memberikan

harapan kosong.

(091 / ASTM / 330)

The man did not even look up.

(090 / SADC / 389)

Laki-laki itu sama sekali tak mengangkat muka.

(092 / ASTM / 337)

It all came out in an outpouring of emotion that left Jill shaken.

(092 / SADC / 389)

Cerita itu mengalir keluar dengan penuh emosi sehingga membuat perasaan Jill

terguncang.

(093 / ASTM / 352)

“He is in bed, helpless. I’m loosing my mind.”

94
(093 / SADC / 405)

“Ia ada di ranjangnya, tak berdaya. Barangkali aku sedang kehilangan akal

sehatku.”

(094 / ASTM / 353)

“……… if there are no musvles to carry out those commands, then nothing can

happen.”

(094 / SADC /389)

“……… Bila tidak ada otot untuk melaksanakan perintah itu, tak ada sesuatu yang

terjadi.”

(095 / ASTM / 366)

Nurse Gallagher had quietly turned out the lights and closed the door,……..

(095 / SADC / 419)

Perawat Gallagher diam-diam mematikan lampu dan menutup pintu,………

(096 / ASTM / 369)

She broke off, unable to continue.

(096 / SADC / 422)

Ia berhenti, tak bias meneruskan.

(097 / ASTM / 379)

“Come along, and I’ll show you.”

95
(097 / SADC / 439)

“Mari ikut, akan saya perlihatkan.”

96
97
98
 A. Introduction

This research is conducted to analyze the translation of English idioms

which are translated into Indonesian in the novel ‘A Stranger in the Mirror’. The

study of this research is evaluated in the aspect of the types of English idioms are

used and the way the idioms are translated into Indonesian.

The types of English idioms applied in this research are discussed in

the problem statement: What are the types of English idioms used in the novel ‘A

Stranger in the Mirror’? While the way the idioms are translated is discussed in

the problem statement: How are English idioms translated into Indonesian in the

‘A Stranger in the Mirror’?

The two problem statements above require the detail answer, so that,

the researcher is going to analyze them one by one. For the first discussion, the

researcher is going to analyze the first problem statement on the subject

concerning with the types of English idioms applied in the novel ‘A Stranger in

99
the Mirror’. Then, the researcher will analyze the second problem on the subject

of the way on how English idioms are translated into Indonesian.

After all, they are involved in the analysis in order to solve the

problem statements. Thus, the answer of the problem statement is provided in the

explanation by using words based on the theoretical review in the following

analysis.

B. Analysis

As stated earlier in the previous explanation in Chapter III in sub

chapter Research Procedure, the researcher provides such descriptions of the

analysis as the basic requirements which use to analyze the problem statements,

then the researcher also give two or three examples of the data analysis which is

representative of each classification. For the detail, the analysis is divided into two

categories; the analysis one, tries to answer the first problem statement and the

analysis two which attempts to answer the second problem statement. The

discussion of the two analyses will be given as follows:

1. The Types of English Idioms

In the analysis one, the problem statement is what are the types of

English idioms used in ‘A Stranger in the Mirror’? Here, the researcher is going

to analyze the types of English idioms by employing the two main kinds of idiom

as stated by Seidl and Mcmordie. They have stated that there are two main kinds

of idiom which are commonly used in our daily life both spoken and written

100
language form. The two idioms are short or simple idiom and long or complex

idiom.

In this term of analysis, the researcher divides idioms into two

categories, that is, the analysis one is about simple idiom, while the second one is

about analysis of complex idiom. Based on the collected data, the researcher is

going to analyze on each datum which is representative to this research.

Here is the analysis for each.

a. Simple Idiom

Simple idiom is one of the kinds of idiom found in English in which it

can be in the form of simple phrase or word. The characteristic of this kind of

idiom is short which means that the idiom contains of one or two words forming,

such as phrasal verb, prepositional phrase, and partial idiom. Its whole meaning

can be predicted from the word forming and the context of sentence following.

And so, this idiom is usually made use by people who utilize English as a foreign

language.

For example:

- His money running out, he took a job as a dishwasher.

- Akhirnya uangnya pun habis, ia mengambil pekerjaan sebagai

tukang cuci.

In the writer’s opinion, the phrase running out belongs to simple

idiom. This idiom contains of two words only and it also belongs to phrasal verb.

101
In term of meaning, this simple idiom can be predicted easily into Indonesian

without looking at the context of the sentence since it is easy to understand based

on the word forming. The phrase means that his money has been used up, so that

he took a job as a dishwasher.

Example:

- If you still don’t want him after dress rehearsal I’ll take over his

part and do it for nothing.

- Kalau kau masih tak menghendakinya setelah latihan terakhir, aku

akan mengambil alih perannya dengan cuma-cuma.

The phrase take over is also similar as in the previous example. It also

belongs to simple idiom, which contains of two words forming. This idiom is not

so difficult to translate into Indonesian since this expression is commonly used in

daily conversation.

Example:

- Then, as the drugs began to wear off and the pain began to take

hold again, the anger and hate flooded back into him.

- Lalu, sewaktu pengaruh obat mulai menipis dan rasa sakit

kembali, kemurkaan dan kebencian kembali membanjir dalam

dirinya.

The expression wear off which has translated by the translator into

menipis is also idiomatic. It is a simple idiom and it also belongs to a phrasal verb.

Other phrasal verbs can be easily found in the novel “A Stranger in the Mirror’

since there are a lot of one kind which are classified into simple idiom in this

102
novel, for instance: go through, look for, hung up, go on, drive off, get off, and so

on.

Another form of simple idiom is prepositional phrases. For example:

- At one time, the question would not even have been raised for he

would not even have been seated at the captain’s table, where he

would have regaled everyone with amusing anecdotes.

- Dulu, pertanyaan seperti ini tak pernah muncul, karena otomatis ia

akan duduk di meja kapten, tempat ia memikat perhatian semua

orang dengan anakdot-anekdotnya.

This simple idiom in sentence above is classified into a prepositional

verb. It contains of three forming words which is translated into dulu, only one

simple word in Indonesia. The translator dos not translate the message of at one

time literally or word by word, since if he does that method, it will sound weird.

Example:

- The important names were busy doing a movie or a television

show, or were too far away to get to Washington in time.

- Nama-nama yang penting ternyata sedang sibuk menggarap film

atau acara televise, atau sedang berada ditempat yang terlalu jauh

untuk bias sampai ke Washington tepat pada waktunya.

The prepositional phrase above is also idiomatic. The simple idiom in

time is also not difficult to translate into Indonesia as tepat pada waktunya

without any trouble, since this can be predicted from the words forming.

103
 Table 1

Simple Idiom

No. English Idiom Translation in Indonesia

1 A tight ship kapal dengan disiplin tinggi

2 to deal with menyelesaikan

3 turn up mengungkapkan

4 drive up melaju

5 on duty sedang bertugas

6 sought out menjumpai

7 move down turun menyusuri

8 good-looking man laki-laki tampan

9 at one time dulu

10 go through selesai

11 look into memeriksa

12 come in muncul

13 look up mengangkat muka

14 lay down meletakkan

15 quick look melihat sekilas

16 start for menuju

17 pick up mengangkat

104
18 send down mengirim

19 right away segera

20 hung up meletakkan

21 glanced out memandang

22 look over menengok

23 mop up membersihkan

24 walk over berjalan

25 crush in membersihkan

26 dream up mengkhayalkan

27 come along dating

28 plain-looking girl gadis bertampang sederhana

29 New World Benua Baru

30 intellectual looking bertampang intellek

31 pull down menarik turun

32 take off menanggalkan

33 roll over berguling

34 throw away menghamburkan

35 take over mengambil alih

36 no credit no credit

37 overnight sekejap

38 running things mengelola barang

39 after all bukankah

40 grow up menjadi

105
41 stand over berdiri

42 heavenly smelling berbau sedap

43 again and again ---

44 went dry menjadi kering

45 a big man orang besar

46 send for me menjemputku

47 running out habis

48 draw to a close berakhir

49 look for mencari

50 call out berseru

51 move along berjalan

52 breech delivery sungsang

53 in time tepat pada waktunya

54 hurry out tergopoh-gopoh keluar

55 hurry away bergegas pergi

56 by the time sewaktu

57 bear down dorong

58 come on ayolah

59 at hand kinilah

60 night club night club

61 a young punk pemuda hijau

62 a broken down ---

63 slipp away menyelinap pergi

106
64 horseshit sialan

65 all right baiklah

66 go on meneruskan

67 single out memilih

68 in the end pada akhirnya

69 come and go ---

70 all in all bagaimanapin juga

71 went by berjalan

72 look down memendang rendah

73 went broke kehabisan uang

74 walk towards berjalan mendekati

75 cry out berteriak

76 a shakeup perubahan besar

77 self-centered egois

78 big hit big hit

79 box office tempat penjualan

80 all night long sepanjang malam

81 building up

82 pop out muncul

83 mix up mengacaukan

84 die down mereda

85 come through memenuhi janji

86 figure out memikirkan

107
87 cheat on menyeleweng

88 running down mengalir

89 wear off menipis

90 hour after hour berjam-jam

91 get off menyingkir

92 cut off memutuskan

93 throw him off memecatnya

94 day by day kian hari

95 went wild menjadi gila

96 went through berhasil

97 held up mengangkat

98 walked off mengundurkan diri

99 bottom line harga mati

100 fade away memudar

101 on and on terus berlanjut

102 get in masuk

103 faster and faster semakin cepat

104 superstar superstar

105 one by one satu per satu

106 top-hat ---

107 again and again berkali-kali

108 the old-timers para pensiunan

109 a breaking-in pembuka jalan

108
120 get through melewati

121 all the time terus

122 overtime lembur

123 head-over-heels setengah mati

124 run along pergi

125 come over dating

126 count on mengandalkan

127 hangers-on pengangguran

128 a real kick kejutan besar

129 shit! sialan !

130 show off pamer

131 top drawer paling mengundang sorotan

132 little chick gadis

133 get away pergi

134 one-man show pertunjukan tunggal

135 take a bow menerima penghormatan

136 for ever and never untuk selama-lamanya

- They were unaware of the new lines and the graying temples, and

the fact that it took half an hour longer in the morning to put on

make-up.

109
 - Mereka tak menyadari munculnya guratan-guratan baru pada wajah

dan uban di pelipis, serta kenyataan bahwa setiap pagi mereka

butuh satu jam lebih lama untuk mengenakan make-up.

b. Complex Idiom

Complex idiom is another kind of idiom that will be analyzed in this

discussion. This kind of idiom has some characteristics such as: it is in long or

complex form, which means it consists of more than five set words in each phrase

or in the sentence though it is a short sentence. Then, its meaning cannot be

predicted easily from the word forming, so that the context of the sentence will be

very helpful. Not all of complex idiom contains of many words. Sometimes it

comes up in a simple phrase but it has very strong complexity on meaning.

Table 2

Complex Idiom

No. English Idiom Translation in Indonesia

1 Everything was in order Semuanya sudah beres

2 She is alright Dia baik-baik saja

3 It was at the moment Saat itulah

4 They came in a flood tide Mereka berdatangan bagai gelombang

110
 pasang

5 Roll up your sleeves! Singsingkan lengan bajumu!

6 Answer him you little son of a Jawab bangsat!

bitch!

7 Did you go to bed with this girl? Apakah kau pernah tidur dengan

gadis ini?

8 If I ever got my hands on you Kalau aku berhasil mendapatkanmu

9 How are you? Apa kabar?

10 She’s going to be alright Dia akan sembuh

11 Goddamn You! Demi Tuhan

12 I’m on my way home Aku akan pulang

13 What a talented boy! Sungguh anak yang berbakat

14 The hour of a quite death Saat untuk kematian yang menjemput

diam-diam

15 It was such a pity Sayang!

16 If you lay an egg, you won’t live Jika kau hanya besar mulut, kau tak

to see twnty-two akan hidup sampai umur dua puluh

dua

17 For an instant Sejenak

18 He had failed at the bottom Ia telah gagal total

19 He would apply for nine-to-five- Ia akan melamar pekerjaan di kantor

job dari pukul 9 sampai pukul 5

20 A little of everything Segalanya

111
21 Like a frail flower growing under Bagai bunga kecil yang tumbuh dari

solid rock balik karang batu

22 Get on your knees! Berlututlah!

23 I’m dying to hear it Aku tak sabar menunggunya

24 You pigmy sons of a bitch Kalian adalah bangsat-bangsat kerdil

25 The dumb son of a bitch Si bangsat tolol

26 He put dress on a gag Dia mangenakan baju untuk melucu

27 You damn right I am Aku sangat serius

28 Would you do me a favour? Maukah kau membantuku?

29 You dirty rat! Kau tikus busuk!

30 To you, you punk! Kau tolol!

31 Everytimes he comes to bat, he Tiap kali ia mencoba sesuatu, ia

lays an egg hanya melepas kentut

32 Give ’em hell, tiger! Beri mereka kejutan, jagoan!

33 He fucking had them Dia telah memenangkan mereka

34 It made no sense to him Semuanya tak masuk akal baginya

35 You’re really hung ---

36 I’m crazy about you Aku tergila-gila padamu

37 In no time at all Dalam waktu singkat

38 It is a lot of horseshit Memang omong kosong

39 Hollywood was a hotbed of gossip Hollywood memang sumber segala

gossip

40 Not, if I can’t help it Tidak, selama itu perlu

112
41 Tessie was straight Tessie normal

42 As a matter of fact Sebenarnya,

43 You’re really getting hot Kau semakin laris

44 For God’s sake Demi Tuhan

45 Everybody got rich of me Setiap orang menjadi kaya karenaku

46 Long live Jill Castle Hidup Jill Castle

47 Don’t get me wrong Jangan salah paham

48 From that moment on Mulai saat itu

49 He had never had to work his ass Ia belum pernah terpaksa bekerja

off jungkir balik

50 To get into pictures Untuk bias main film

51 It doesn’t matter Tak apa

52 He’ll keep you busy Dia akan memberimu pekerjaan

53 I can’t send a pig in a poke Aku tak bias mengirim kucing dalam

karung

54 I don’t want you try to get in touch Aku tak ingin kau menghubungiku

with me

55 I can’t help it Aku tak tahan

56 A bride of God Mempelai Tuhan

57 You’re a dop! Kamu tolol!

58 Get rid of him Singkirkan dia

59 She’s an eyeful Dia cantik

60 What the fuck do you think we Kau pikir kita apa?

113
 are?

61 We’re gonna have a hell of picture Kita akan punya film yang luar biasa

here

62 As the week went by Minggu demi minggu berlalu

63 That’s a beautiful ass Tubuhmu bagus

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

114
82

83

84

85

86

87

88

115