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TECHNOLOGY AND
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
Quarter 1 – SLAS 1:
(Self-Learning Activity Sheet)
Tracing the History of Electronics
FOR TANDAG CITY DIVISION USE ONLY
IDENTIFYING INFORMATION
Learning Area: Electronics__________________________ Quarter: 1_________
Name of Learner:____________________________________________________
Grade Level: 10__________________________________ Subject: TLE-STE__
School: ___________________________________________________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION
Week Covered: 1 Week__________________________
Learning Competency: Know the fundamentals of electronics (STE_ELnF-1a-1)
Objective/s: After completing this self-learning activity sheet, you should be able to:
1. trace the history of electronics and its early developments;
2. identify the different electronic symbols; and
3. define electronics terms and abbreviations.
Materials:
Paper, ball pen,
Content Background:
In this lesson, you will know the history of electronics and its early developments;
the scientists with their works, discoveries, and inventions that contributed to its
development; electronic symbols, terms, and abbreviations.
SEE AND BE SEEN
To begin with, let us have a short exercise. For this activity, you will show what
you have learned about electricity and electronics.
Directions: Match column A with column B. Choose phrases in column B that best
describe each term in column A. Write the letter of the answer on your
paper.
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A B
a. deals with the control of the flow of electrons (by allowing
or disallowing or regulating the percentage of flow)
through a device.
1. Electricity
b. the flow of electrical power or charge.
c. a branch of physics that deals with the emission,
behavior, and effects of electrons.
d. a secondary energy source which means that we get it
from the conversion of other sources of energy.
2. Electronics
e. a part of physics and electrical engineering.
f. a branch of physics that deals with the flow of electrons
and its effect.
Answers:
1. Electricity - ___, ___, ___ 2. Electronics - ___, ___, ___
Directions: Read the information below.
Electronics
The impact of electronics on modern life is pervasive. It is useful in medicine,
industry, and communication. Cheap electronic components have made possible TV
and radio sets, digital watches and clocks, calculators and micrometers, and many
other electronic household devices.
We are in the midst of an electronic revolution which is as important as the
industrial revolution of the 19th century. Transmission of information has become very
sophisticated, efficient, and fast. Now we have digital telecommunication systems,
satellite telecommunication, mobile telecommunication system, cable TV, and the
internet. The world has become a global village.
Advances in electronics technology have led to the construction of an
information superhighway and have brought about a knowledge-based society. Access
to knowledge has been made easier by computerized indices of scientific and technical
journals, which are accessible from centralized services over telephone lines. New
techniques derived from digital audio and video disc technology provide information in
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text and graphic form as well. (PHYSICS, Science and Technology Textbook for Fourth
Year, Reprint Edition 2009, p. 407)
Guide Questions:
1. How do electronics affect modern life? In what particular areas is it useful?
2. What recent development is considered a great contribution to the advances
in electronics?
Directions: Pick out from the box the name of the scientist described in each statement
below. Write your answers on your paper.
Henrich Rudolph Hertz Michael Faraday
Hans Christian Oersted Andre Marie Ampere
George Simon Ohm
1. He experimented with the electrical circuits and discovered the law which is a
relationship between current, voltage, and resistance.
2. He demonstrated the electromagnetic radiation predicted by Maxwell and by
experimental procedures, he proved the theory by engineering instruments to
transmit and receive radio pulses. He was the first to demonstrate the
photoelectric effect.
3. He was a French mathematician and physicist who studied the effects of electric
current and invented solenoid. The SI unit of electric current was named after
him.
4. He was a great pioneer experimenter in electricity and magnetism who
demonstrated electromagnetic induction which became the basic principle of the
working of generators.
5. He showed that whenever a current flow through a conductor, a magnetic field is
associated with it. He initiated the study of electromagnetism and discovered
Aluminum.
Brief History of Electronics and Its Development
Electronics’ actual history began with the invention of vacuum diode by John
Ambrose Fleming in 1897; and, after that, a vacuum triode was implemented by Lee De
Forest to amplify electrical signals. This led to the introduction of tetrode and pentode
tubes that dominated the world until World War II.
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Subsequently, the transistor era began with the junction transistor invention in
1948. Even though this particular invention got a Nobel Prize, yet it was later replaced
with a bulky vacuum tube that would consume high power for its operation. The use of
germanium and silicon semiconductor materials made these transistors gain popularity
and wide-acceptance usage in different electronic circuits.
The subsequent years witnessed the invention of the integrated circuits (ICs) that
drastically changed the electronic circuits’ nature as the entire electronic circuit got integrated
on a single chip, which resulted in low: cost, size, and weight electronic devices. The years
1958 to 1975 marked the introduction of IC with enlarged capabilities of over several thousand
components on a single chip such as small-scale integration, medium-large scale, and very-
large-scale integration ICs.
And the trend further carried forward with the JFETS and MOSFETs that were
developed from 1951 to 1958 by improving the device designing process and by making more
reliable and powerful transistors. Digital integrated circuits were yet another robust IC
development that changed the overall architecture of computers. These ICs were developed
with Transistor-transistor logic (TTL), integrated injection logic (I2L), an emitter-coupled logic
(ECL) technologies. Later these digital ICs employed PMOS, NMOS, and CMOS fabrication
design technologies.
All these radical changes in all these components led to the introduction
of microprocessors in 1969 by Intel. Soon after, the analog integrated circuits were developed
that introduced an operational amplifier for analog signal processing. These analog circuits
include analog multipliers, ADC and DAC converters, and analog filters.
This is all about the fundamental understanding of electronics history. This history of
electronics technology costs a greater investment of time, efforts, and talent from the real
heroes, some of them are described below.
Luigi Galvani (1737-1798)
Luigi Galvani was a professor at the University of Bologna. He studied the effects of
electricity on animals, especially on frogs. With the help of experiments, he showed the
presence of electricity in frogs in the year 1791.
Charles Coulomb (1737-1806)
Charles coulomb was a great scientist of the 18th century. He experimented with the
mechanical resistance and developed coulomb’s law of electro-static charges in the year
1799.
Allesandro Volta (1745-1827)
Allesandro Volta was an Italian scientist. He invented the battery in the year 1799.
He was the first to develop a battery (Voltaic cell) that could produce electricity as a result
of a chemical reaction.
Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1852)
Hans Christian Oersted showed that whenever a current flow through a conductor, a
magnetic field is associated with it. He initiated the study of electromagnetism and
discovered Aluminum in the year 1820.
George Simon Ohm (1789-1854)
George Simon Ohm was a German physicist. He experimented with the electrical
circuits and made his part including the wire. He found that some conductors worked when
compared to others. He discovered Ohms law in the year 1827, which is a relationship
between current, voltage & resistance. The unit for resistance is named after him.
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Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
Michael Faraday was a British scientist and great pioneer experimenter in electricity
and magnetism. After the discovery by Oersted, he demonstrated electromagnetic
induction in the year 1831. This is the basic principle of the working of generators.
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)
James Clerk Maxwell was a British physicist, and he wrote a treatise on magnetism
and electricity in the year 1873. He developed the electromagnetic field equations in the
year 1864. The equations in it were explained and predicted by hertz’s work and faradays’
work. James Clerk Maxwell formulated an important theory – that is, electromagnetic theory
of light.
Henrich Rudolph Hertz (1857-1894)
Henrich Rudolph Hertz was a German physicist born in 1857 in Hamburg. He
demonstrated the electromagnetic radiation predicted by Maxwell. By using experimental
procedures, he proved the theory by engineering instruments to transmit and receive radio
pulses. He was the first person to demonstrate the photoelectric effect. The unit of
frequency was named Hertz in his honorarium.
Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836)
Andre Marie Ampere was a French mathematician and physicist. He studied the
effects of electric current and invented solenoid. The SI unit of electric current (the Ampere)
was named after him.
Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1932)
Thomas Alva Edison was a businessman and an American inventor. He developed
many devices like a practical electric bulb, motion picture camera, photograph, and other
such things. While inventing the electric lamp, he observed the Edison effect.
Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)
Nikola Tesla invented the Tesla coil; the Tesla induction motor; alternating current
(AC); electrical supply system that includes a transformer; 3-phase electricity and motor. In
1891, the Tesla coil was invented and used in electronic equipment, television, and the
radio sets. The unit of magnetic field density was named after him.
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887)
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff was a German physicist. He developed Kirchhoff’s law that
allows calculation of the voltages, currents, and resistances of electrical networks.
James Prescott Joule (1818-1889)
James Prescott Joule was a brewer and an English physicist. He discovered the law
of conservation of energy. The unit of energy – Joule was named in his honor. To develop
the scale of temperature, he worked with Lord Kelvin.
Joseph Henry (1799-1878)
Joseph Henry was an American scientist, and independently discovered
electromagnetic induction in the year 1831 – a year before Faraday’s discovery. The unit of
induction was named after him.
Lee De Forest (1873-1961)
Lee de forest was an American inventor, and he invented the first triode vacuum
tube: the Audion tube in 1906. He was honored as the father of radio.
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Electronics Symbols
speaker switch, switch,
ground NPN
single-pole/single-throw single-pole/double-throw
transistor (SPDT)
(SPST)
polarized
antenna wires not connected
bridge rectifier PNP capacitor
transistor
Electronic Terms and Definitions
AC voltage - A voltage with alternating polarity
Alternating current - An electric current that rises to a maximum in one direction, falls
back to zero and then rises to a maximum in the opposite direction
and then repeats. Abbreviation = AC.
Ammeter - A meter used to measure current.
Ampere - a unit of electrical current, also referred to as amp.
Amplifier - A circuit that increases the voltage, current, or power of a signal.
Anode - A positively charged electrode, as of an electrolytic cell, storage battery, or
electron tube.
Capacitance - The ability of a capacitor to store an electrical charge. The basic unit is a
Farad.
Capacitor - An electronic component having capacitive reactance.
Cathode - A negatively charged electrode, as of an electrolytic cell, a storage battery,
or an electron tube.
Charge - Quantity of electrical energy.
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Digital - Relating to devices or circuits that have outputs of only two discrete levels.
Examples: 0 or 1, high or low, on or off, true or false, etc.
Diode - A two-terminal device that conducts in only one direction.
Direct current - Current that flows in only one direction. Abbreviated as DC.
Discrete component - Package containing only a single component as opposed to an
integrated circuit containing many components in a single package.
Electric charge - Electric energy stored on the surface of a material. Also known as a
static charge.
Electron - A subatomic particle of an atom, with a negative charge, that orbits the
positively-charged nucleus.
Electron flow - Electrical current produced by the movement of free electrons toward a
positive terminal; the direction of electron flow is opposite to that of current.
Farad - The basic unit of capacitance.
Frequency - Rate of recurrence of a periodic wave. Measured in Hertz (cycles per
second).
Fuse - A protective device in the current path that melts or breaks when current
exceeds a predetermined maximum value.
Henry - The basic unit of inductance.
Hertz - Unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second. Abbreviation = Hz.
Inductor - Length of conductor used to introduce inductance into a circuit. The
conductor is usually wound into a coil to concentrate the magnetic lines of
force and maximize the inductance. While any conductor has inductance, in
common usage the term inductor usually refers to a coil.
Integrated circuit - Also known as a chip, a small electrical device made of
semiconductor material. Abbreviated as AC.
Joule - The unit of work and energy.
Polarity - The property of having a positive or negative charge.
Power - Amount of energy converted by a circuit or component in a unit of time,
normally seconds. Measured in units of watts (joules/second).
Resistor - Component is made of a material that opposes the flow of current and
therefore has some value of resistance in ohms.
Semiconductor - An element which is neither a good conductor nor a good insulator,
but rather lies somewhere between the two.
Volt - Unit of potential difference or electromotive force. One volt is the potential
difference needed to produce one ampere of current through a resistance of one
ohm.
Voltage - (V) Term used to designate electrical pressure or force that causes current to
flow.
Watt - Unit of electrical power required to do work at the rate of one joule per second.
One watt of power is expended when one ampere of direct current flows through
a resistance of one ohm. In an AC circuit, true power is the product of effective
volts and effective amperes, multiplied by the power factor.
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Activity 1: Arrange For Us!
Directions: Arrange the events (shown in the box) in chronological order to make a
summary or outline of the history of electronics and its early development.
Write only the letters that represent the events.
a. The subsequent years witnessed the invention of the integrated circuits (ICs)
that drastically changed the electronic circuits’ nature as the entire electronic
circuit got integrated on a single chip, which resulted in low: cost, size and
weight electronic devices.
b. The transistor era began with the junction transistor invention and it was later
replaced with a bulky vacuum tube that would consume high power for its
operation.
c. The vacuum diode was invented by John Ambrose Fleming.
d. This led to the introduction of tetrode and pentode tubes that dominated the
world until the World War II.
e. Lee De Forest implemented a vacuum triode to amplify electrical signals.
f. Later these digital ICs employed PMOS, NMOS, and CMOS fabrication design
technologies.
Activity 2: Match me!
Directions: Match what is in Column A with its corresponding symbol in Column B.
Write the letter of the correct answer on your paper.
d.
Column A Column B
1. diode a.
b.
2. DC voltage source
c.
3. capacitor
4. resistor
5. transformer
e.
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Activity 1: Identify me!
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Write the answer on your
paper.
1. Also known as a chip, it is a small electrical device made of semiconductor material.
_____________
2. Rate of recurrence of a periodic wave and measured in Hertz (cycles per second).
__________
3. An element which is neither a good conductor nor a good insulator, but rather lies
somewhere between the two. __________
4. A circuit that increases the voltage, current, or power of a signal. __________
5. A protective device in the current path that melts or breaks when current exceeds a
predetermined maximum value. __________
6. Amount of energy converted by a circuit or component in a unit of time, normally
seconds. __________
7. A term used to designate electrical pressure or force that causes current to flow.
_________
8. The property of having a positive or negative charge. __________
9. A negatively charged electrode, as of an electrolytic cell, a storage battery, or an
electron tube. ____________
10. A two terminal device that conducts in only one direction. ___________
Directions: Read the information carefully and answer the guide questions. Write your answer
on your paper.
Technologies Used for Good
People tend to think of technology as a heartless machine, which is true, but only until
it’s used for good. Just look at all the wonderful things we’ve managed to do with its help.
Telemedicine is gaining attraction by offering remote patient monitoring and interactive
remote doctor’s visits. At the same time, 3D printing and open-source solutions are facilitating
the production of more affordable face masks, ventilators, and breathing filters as well as
optimizing the supply of medical equipment. Even more, the pandemic has driven scientists to
desperate measures.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has become a game-changer for the healthcare continuum.
Today’s mobile apps are on guard to help patients receive online therapy, at-home testing,
conclude self-checks, and improve mental well-being. Thanks to smartphone apps, it is now
possible to trace the virus’s journey and help limit its spread.
Questions:
1. What do people tend to think of technology?
2. Why has the COVID-19 pandemic becomes a game-changer for the healthcare
continuum?
3. As a student in this new normal, would you say that electronics technology is of great
help in your learning endeavor? Why?
REFLECTIONS
Concepts Learned
____________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Concepts Unlearned
____________________________________________________________________________________
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REFERENCES
Physics (Science and Technology Textbook for Fourth Year), Reprint Edition 2009, p. 407
"Electronics Glossary". Jameco.Com, 2020.https://www.jameco.com/Jameco/workshop/learning
center/glossary.html.
Policy, Privacy, and Cookie Policy. "ELECTRONICS AND ROBOTICS | Curriculum Guide |
Grade 10 Science, Technology And Engineering (STE) Program". Deped K-12, 2020.
https://www.depedk12.com/2019/07/electronics-and-robotics-curriculum.html.
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ELICIT
1. b, d, f (can be interchanged)
2. a, e, c (can be interchanged)
ENGAGE
1. Electronics affects the modern life greatly and
favorably. It is useful in medicine, industry, and EXPLORE
communication. 1. George Simon Ohm
2. Henrich Rudolph Hertz
2. Considered a great contribution of the 3. Andre Marie Ampere
advances in electronics is the construction of 4. Michael Faraday
an information superhighway. As a result, 5. Hans Christian Oersted
transmission of information has become very
sophisticated, efficient and fast.
EVALUATE
ELABORATE
Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 1
1. c 1. D 1. Integrated circuit (IC) 6. Power
2. d 2. B 2. Frequency 7. Voltage
3. e 3. E 3. Semiconductor 8. Polarity
4. b 4. A 4. Amplifier 9. Cathode
5. a 5. C 5. Fuse 10. Diode
EXTEND
1. People tend to think of technology as a machine which means that for them it is an essential tool
or equipment that helps them have their work, task or activity done with convenience and
minimal time.
2. COVID-19 pandemic has become a game-changer for the healthcare continuum because we
have now mobile apps on guard to help patients receive online therapy, at-home testing,
conclude self-checks, and improve mental well-being. Telemedicine is gaining traction by
offering remote patient monitoring and interactive remote doctor’s visits.
3. As a student in this new normal, yes, I would say that electronics technology is of great help in
my learning endeavor because “distant learning” is made possible. Through internet and with the
use of computer or cellphone, I am able to study our lessons and do researches.
ANSWER KEY
Development Team of the JHS-LAS
Writer: Alwin M. Montero, Jacinto P. Elpa National High School
Content Editor: Lorna L. Estal
Language Editor: Jeanette R. Isidro
Reviewer: Gemma B. Espadero, Jeanette R. Isidro,
Marvelous B. Estal
Illustrator: Alwin M. Montero
Management Team: Imelda N. Sabornido
Segundino A. Madjos Jr.
Jeanette R. Isidro
Gemma B. Espadero
Nilda A. Mendiola
Lorna L. Estal
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Tandag City
LEARNING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SECTION (LRMS)
Purok Narra, Balilahan, Mabua, Tandag City
Telephone: 214-5548
Email Address: tandag.lrms@deped.gov.ph
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