Speech and Language General
Speech and Language General
For Speech/Language
Impairments
General Assessment
Speech and Language Evaluation Report
Name: Examiner:
Sex: Present School:
Present Grade Placement: Teacher:
Date of Birth: C. A.: Date of Evaluation:
I. Purpose of Evaluation
q This speech and language evaluation was requested to determine if the student meets the TN Department of
Education eligibility standards as speech and/or language impaired.
q This is a reevaluation in order to determine if the student meets the TN Department of Education eligibility
standards as speech and/or language impaired. (See reevaluation summary in student’s special education file.)
q A speech and language evaluation was requested to gather more information to be used in planning the IEP.
II. History And Behavioral Observations
Relevant Developmental and Medical History:
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
qTeacher Input and Teacher Observation forms are attached. qParent Information is attached.
Behavior Observations:
During the assessment the student was q Cooperative qAttentive q Distracted qOther________________________
qTest results are considered valid.
qTest results should be viewed with caution, as they may not indicate an accurate current level of communicative abilities.
Comments: ______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
III. Environmental Considerations and Dialectal Patterns
Is the student ELL or ESL? q Yes q No If yes — Is the child English Language Proficient? q Yes q No
Home Language (L1) ___________________________ Child’s Dominant Language ___________________________
IV. Hearing
q Pass q Fail Comments: _______________________________________________________
V. Speech Assessment
A. Articulation Test: ___________________________________________________________________________
Speech Sample: __________________________________________________________________
Intelligibility of conversational speech:
In known contexts q Good q Fair q Poor
In unknown contexts q Good q Fair q Poor
Stimulability for correct sound production q Good q Fair q Poor
Articulation Errors
Error sounds/patterns which were produced and which are Phonological Error Patterns
considered below normal limits for a child this age included the following: (Patterns checked should not be used by a child this age)
Substitution Deletion Distortion ___ Initial consonant deletion (up for cup)
___ Final consonant deletion (do for dog)
Initial ___ Weak syllable deletion (tephone for telephone)
___ Intervocalic deletion (teephone for telephone)
___ Cluster reduction (sove for stove, cown for clown)
___ Voicing/Devoicing (bear for pear, koat for goat)
Medial ___ Stopping (tun for sun, pour for four)
___ Backing (kable for table)
___ Fronting (tup for cup, thun for sun)
___ Stridency deviation (soe for shoe, fumb for thumb)
Final ___ Liquid simplication (wamp for lamp, wed for red)
___ Deaffrication (tair for chair, dump for jump)
___ Other: ____________________________________
Exhibited developmental speech sound errors affecting: _________________________________________________
qNo Apparent Articulation Problem qArticulation Problem Indicated
Comments:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
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B. Oral Peripheral Exam: qOral structure and movement appear adequate for speech production
qDeviations: _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
C. Voice: Test: ________________________________ Other: _________________________________
qAppropriate for sex and age
qNot Appropriate for sex and age
Comments/Characteristic: (see attached): ____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
D. Fluency: Test: _______________________________ Other: _______________________________
qAppropriate
qInappropriate
Student’s attitude about stuttering: q See attached documentation q Refer to Parent Information
Comments/Characteristics (see attached): __________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
VI. Language Assessment:
Test: ____________________________________ Results: Receptive Score: _____________
Expressive Score: _____________
TOTAL SCORE: ______________
Test: ____________________________________ Results: _________________________________
Test: ____________________________________ Results: _________________________________
Total language score is:
qWithin 1.5 SD of the mean qGreater than 1.5 SD from the mean
There q is q is not a significant difference between receptive and expressive language scores.
Areas of Strength: Areas of Weakness:
_____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
Informal Language Sample reveals appropriate:
Sentence Length and Word Order Vocabulary Word Form Use of Language
Complexity (MLU) (syntax) (semantics) (morphology) (pragmatics)
qYes qNo qYes qNo qYes qNo qYes qNo qYes qNo
Comments: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Functional Communication Assessment
Comments/Characteristics (see attached): ______________________________________________________________
VII. Effect on Educational Performance (Based on Data Collected)
q Does not adversely affect educational performance.
q Does adversely affect educational performance.
q Evidence (grades, work samples, anecdotal information, etc.) are attached.
VIII. Diagnostic Impressions
This student DOES MEET the eligibility standards for the following impairment(s):
qLanguage qArticulation qFluency qVoice
This student DOES NOT MEET the eligibility standards for the following impairment(s):
qLanguage qArticulation qFluency qVoice
IX. Recommendations
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
This report is submitted to the IEP team for consideration when making decisions regarding placement and programming.
Attach additional information to report.
_____________________________________________________
SpeechLanguage Therapist
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Early Interventions Worksheet for Speech/Language
NOTE: When completed, this worksheet becomes part of the child’s educational records.
It should be completed prior to the child’s initial referral.
Child’s Name ______________________________ DOB ____________ Grade _______
School ____________________ Date __________ Teacher _______________________
· The reason for request included concerns related to speech and/or language.
Yes q No q
Area(s) of Concern: ____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
· The SLT and classroom teacher were active participants in early intervention process.
Yes q No q
If NO, explain: _________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
· A review of existing records indicated areas of concern related to communication.
Yes q No q
Check which records were reviewed:
qPreschool (e.g., nursery, day care, early intervention)
qCumulative
qSchool health
qOther medical
qActive/inactive special education
qOther service providers (e.g., psychologist, social workers, Occupational Therapists,
Physical Therapists, private providers)
Other (describe) ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Comments _________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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(For ELL Students Only)
ELL Teacher was an active participant in early intervention process.
Yesq No q
If NO, explain:
Home Language Survey was reviewed.
Yesq No q
Home language is __________________________.
Native and English language dominance and language proficiency have been determined.
Yesq No ___
Date of last hearing screening __________/ Results:______________________
Date of last vision screening __________/ Results:_______________________
Comments _________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Describe early intervention strategies and effectiveness of each.
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________
If successful, the early intervention process is stopped. This does not preclude later
referral for general education assistance or later referral to the IEP team. If the child is
referred to Special Education, attach this report to the referral form.
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Parent Input form – General
CONFIDENTIAL
Student Information
Name ______________________ Form completed by _____________________Date _________
Date of birth __________ Age _________
PARENTS/LEGAL GUARDIANS (Check all that apply.)
1. With whom does this child live?
q Both parents q Mother q Father q Stepmother q Stepfather
q Other ___________________________________________________________
2. Parents’/Legal Guardians’ Name ___________________________________________________
Address ______________________________________________________________________
Home phone ____________ Work phone ____________ Cell phone _____________
List names and relationships of people at home ________________________________________
3. Are there any languages other than English spoken at home? q Yes q No
If yes, what languages? ____________ By whom____________ How often? _____________
4. Areas of Concern (Check all that apply.)
q Behavioral/emotional q Slow development q Listening
q Immature language usage q Difficulty understanding language q Health/medical
q Slow motor development q Vision problems q Uneven development
q Speech difficult to understand q Stuttering q Other: ___________________
5. Why are you requesting this evaluation? ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. Did anyone suggest that you refer your child? q Yes q No
If yes, name and title ________________________________________________________________
7. Has a physician, psychologist, speech pathologist or other diagnostic specialist evaluated your child?
q Yes q No
8. Was a diagnosis determined? q Yes q No
Please explain: ____________________________________________________________________
Preschool History (Check all that apply)
1. Preschool/daycare programs attended
Name ______________________ Address ______________________ Dates__________________
Name ______________________ Address ______________________ Dates__________________
2. List any special services that your child has received (e.g., Head Start, therapy, etc.):
Type of service __________ Age __________ Dates __________ School/agency ________________
Type of service __________ Age __________ Dates __________ School/agency ________________
3. If your child has attended a preschool or daycare and problems were discussed with you about his/her
behavior, explain what was tried and if you think it worked___________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
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Developmental History
1. Pregnancy and Birth
Which pregnancy was this? q 1 st q 2 nd q 3 rd q 4 th Other_______ Was it normal? q Yes q No
Explain any complications ____________________________________________________________
Was your child – q Full term q Premature What was the length of labor? _____________________
Was the delivery – Induced? q Yes q No Caesarian? q Yes q No
Birth weight _______ Baby’s condition at birth (jaundice, breathing problems, etc.)_______________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Motor Development (List approximate ages)
Sat alone Crawled Stood alone
Walked independently Fed self with a spoon
Toilet trained: Bladder Bowel
3. Medical History
List any significant past or present health problems (e.g., serious injury, high temperature or
fever, any twitching or convulsions, allergies, asthma, frequent ear infections, etc.).
________________________________________________________________________________
List any medications taken on a regular basis ____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
List medical treatments (e.g., PE tubes, inhalers, medications, ear wax removal) ________________
________________________________________________________________________________
4. Speech and Language (List approximate ages.)
____________ Spoke first words that you could understand (other than mama or dada)
____________ Used twoword sentences
____________ Spoke in complete sentences
____________ Does your child communicate primarily using speech?
____________ Does your child communicate primarily using gestures?
____________ Is your child’s speech difficult for others to understand?
____________ Does your child have difficulty following directions?
____________ Does your child answer questions appropriately?
5. Social Development
What opportunities does your child have to play with children of his/her age? __________________
______________________________________________________________________________
What play activities does your child enjoy? _____________________________________________
Does s/he play primarily alone? q Yes q No With other children? q Yes q No
Does s/he enjoy “pretend play?” q Yes q No
Do you have concerns about your child’s behavior? q Yes q No If yes, please explain:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
How do you discipline your child? ___________________________________________________
Thank you for providing the above developmental information about your child. Please return to the
Speech Language Therapist at your child’s school. If you have any questions, please feel free to
contact ___________________ at ___________________________________________________.
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General Education Teacher’s Input
(Indirect Observation)
Student’s Name ___________________ Grade _____ Teacher ___________________
Please carefully consider the following questions and provide as much information as possible regarding this
student’s typical daily performance in your classroom. His or her behavior should be evaluated in
comparison to a typically functioning student of the same age and in terms of appropriate developmental
stages and expectations.
Describe this student’s reading skills (e.g., decoding, comprehension, and automaticity):
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Describe this student’s math skills (e.g., calculation, numerical concepts, and word problems):
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Describe other academic concerns/performance levels (e.g., science, social studies, and
problemsolving skills):
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Describe this student’s behavior in the classroom (e.g., following rules, attention to task,
organizational skills, relationships to peers, problems or concerns):
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
This student does not perform academically in the classroom in a manner that is
commensurate with current academic standards (check one). q Yes q No
_____________________________________
Printed Name
______________________________________ ___________________
Signature Date
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Department of Education
Hearing Screening Guidelines
Purposes and Rationale
The goal of hearing screening is to identify peripheral Hearing Impairments that may
interfere with the development of speech and/or language in students with suspected
Speech or Language Impairments who have been referred for eligibility determination for
special education services. The screening for a Hearing Impairment is a passrefer
procedure to identify those students who require further audiological evaluation or other
assessment. Schoolage children with even minimal Hearing Impairments are at risk for
academic and communicative difficulties (Tharpe & Bess, 1991). Due to the critical
importance of identifying any hearing difficulties that may affect the student’s speech and
language, the minimal screening level of 20 dB HL has been recommended by the
American Speech Language and Hearing Association Panel on Audiologic Assessment
(1997). General education hearing screening is part of the early intervention process
and should be completed prior to initiation of the speech and language referral. If
hearing screening has not been completed through the general education screening
process, screening by the SpeechLanguage Therapist does not require individual
parental permission. 1
Considerations
Screening procedures for the purpose of assessment for Speech or Language
Impairments may be conducted by the SLT. As a part of the case history obtained for all
referred students, indicators of possible Hearing Impairment should be investigated by
obtaining information regarding:
1. family history of hereditary childhood hearing loss;
2. in utero infection such as cytomegalovirus, rubella, syphilis, herpes and
toxoplasmosis;
3. craniofacial anomalies, including those with morphological abnormalities of the pinna
and ear canal;
4. ototoxic medications;
5. bacterial meningitis and other infections associated with sensorineural hearing loss;
6. stigmata or other findings associated with a syndrome known to include
sensorineural and/or conductive hearing loss;
7. head trauma associated with loss of consciousness or skull fracture;
8. neurofibromatosis type II or neurodegenerative disorders;
9. recurrent or persistent otitis media with effusion for at least three months;
10. exposure to high levels of environmental noise associated with noiseinduced
Hearing Impairments;
11. functional listening skills as observed by parents in the home setting and by teachers
in the classroom.
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Screening Procedures
Setting/Equipment Specifications
1. Conduct screening in a quiet environment with minimal visual and auditory
distractions. Ambient noise levels must be sufficiently low to allow for accurate
screening (American National Standards Institute, 1991). Ambient noise levels
should not exceed 49.5 dB SPL at 1000 Hz, 54.5 dB SPL at 2000 Hz, and 62 dB
SPL at 4000 Hz when measured using a sound level meter with octaveband filters
centered on the screening frequencies.
2. Meet ANSI and manufacturer’s specification for calibration (American National
Standards Institute, 1996) and regulatory agency specification for electrical safety of
all electroacoustical equipment.
3. Calibrate audiometers to ANSI – S3.61996 specifications regularly, at least once
every year, following the initial determination that the audiometer meets
specifications.
4. Perform daily listening check to rule out distortion, cross talk, and intermittence and
determine that no defects exist in major components.
Screening Protocol
1. Visually inspect the ears to identify risk factors for outer or middle ear disease such
as drainage and abnormalities of the pinna or ear canal.
2. Conduct screening in a manner congruent with appropriate infection control and
universal precautions (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 1991).
3. Condition the student to the desired motor response prior to initiation of screening.
Administer a minimum of two conditioning trials at a presumed suprathreshold level
to assure that the student understands the task.
4. Some preschool children ages 35 years may be able to reliably participate in
conditioned play audiometry, a form of instrumental/operant conditioning in which the
child is taught to wait and listen for a stimulus, then perform a motor task such as
dropping a block in a box in response to the stimulus. The motor task is a play
activity, which serves as a reinforcement. Other preschool students may be able to
participate in conventional audiometry without the reinforcement of the play activity.
5. Screen the student’s peripheral hearing under earphones using 1000, 2000, and
4000 Hz tones at 20 dB HL in each ear.
6. At least two presentations of each test stimulus may be required to assure reliability
in preschool children.
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Pass/Refer Criteria
1. “Pass” if a student’s responses are judged to be clinically reliable at the criterion
decibel level of 20 dB HL at each frequency in each ear. Note that for preschool
children at least two presentations of each test stimulus may be required to assure
reliability. If a school age child does not respond at the 20 dB criterion level at any
frequency in either ear, repeat instructions, reposition the earphones and rescreen
within the same screening session in which the student fails. Pass the student who
passes the rescreening.
In order to rule out temporary hearing deficits of schoolage children who fail the first
screenrescreen session due to allergies, colds, etc. conduct a followup screening in
two weeks.
2. Refer for further assessment by the school district’s Audiologist if:
a) the preschool student does not respond at least 2 out of 3 times at the criterion
level of 20 dB HL at any frequency in either ear;
b) the schoolage student has failed both first and second screening sessions; or
c) the student cannot be conditioned to the screening task.
4. Document specific results from hearing screening on the Hearing Screening form.
5. Document results from the hearing screening on the Eligibility Report.
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Examination of Oral Peripheral Mechanism
Name: _______________________ Date: _________ Examiner: ______________________
1. Facial Appearance _______________________________________________________
2. Lips
· Appearance ___________________________________________________________
· Habitual posture: q Closed q Parted
· Mobility: q Press q Purse q Retracts
4. Tongue
Appearance at rest: ________________________________________________________
Size: q Appropriate q Too large q Too small
q Protrusion q Tremors q Deviation
Mobility: q Elevation q Lateralization q Licks lip with tongue q Lingual Frenum
q Moves independently with jaw q Sweeps palate from alveolar ridge
5. Palate
Appearance of hard palate______________ Length of soft palate_____________
Mobility____________________________ Gag Reflex_____________________
Closure evidently complete________________________________________________
Uvula ______________ Length __________ Mobility ________ Bifid ____________
6. Diadochokineses
Papapa – (avg. =35 ½) _____________ kakaka – (avg. = 3 ½ 5 ½) ___________
Tatata – (avg. =35 ½) ______________ putuku – (avg. = 11 ¾) ______________
(Below=less than 1 per sec.) ___________
(Above=more than 1 per sec.) __________
(See instructions for assessment of diadochokinetic rate.)
7. Tongue Thrust
Does s/he swallow with teeth apart? Yesq Noq
Can you see the tongue when s/he swallows? Yesq Noq
If s/he swallows with the lips closed,
can you see tensing of the chin? Yesq Noq
10. Comments ________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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Instructions for Assessing Diadochokinetic Syllable Rates
Instructions to Student
1. “I want you to say some sounds for me. They aren’t words, just sounds. I’ll show you how to
make the sound then you can say it with me. Then you’ll try it yourself as fast as you can. The
first one is…”.
2. “Now try it with me.” (First practice trial of approximately three seconds in unison.)
3. “Now do it by yourself, as fast as you can…” (Second practice trial of approximately three
seconds.) “Good... fine.”
4. “Now I want you to do it once more. This time it has to be a long one. I’ll tell you when to start.
Don’t stop until I tell you. Ready? Start.” (Count repetitions beginning with this trial.)
5. “The next sound is…” (Continue with syllable presentations in order of table of norms.)
6. Repeat directions for each newly introduced syllable(s).
Scoring
Time the number of seconds it takes the student to complete each task the prescribed number of
times. The average number of seconds for children from 6 to 13 years of age is reported below.
The Fletcher TimebyCount
Test of Diadochokinetic Syllable Rate
Fletcher, S. G., Timebycount measurement of diadochokinetic syllable rate.
J. Speech Hearing Res., 15, 763770 (1972)
tʌ 20 4.9 4.9 4.4 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.3
kʌ 20 5.5 5.3 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.7
fʌ 20 5.5 5.4 4.9 4.6 4.2 4.0 3.7 3.6
lʌ 20 5.2 5.3 4.6 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.5
1.0* 0.7* 0.6*
pʌtə 15 7.3 7.6 6.2 5.9 5.5 4.8 4.7 4.2
pʌkə 15 7.9 8.0 7.1 6.6 6.4 5.8 5.7 5.1
tʌkə 15 7.8 8.0 7.2 6.6 6.4 5.8 5.5 5.1
2.0* 1.6* 1.3*
pʌtəkə 10 10.3 10.0 8.3 7.7 7.1 6.5 6.4 5.7
2.8* 2.0* 1.5*
Normative data were collected from utterances of 384 children (24 boys and 24 girls at each age level).
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Reevaluation and Dismissal (Exit) Guidelines
IDEA specifies that reevaluation “shall occur at least every three years or if conditions warrant a
reevaluation, or if the teacher or parents request a reevaluation”. The Office of Special
Education Programs (OSEP) has interpreted the provision for the Reevaluation Review in
IDEA'97 as a reaction to the overemphasis on testing and test results when determining a
student's continuing need for special education services. Before the 1997 reauthorization of
IDEA the reevaluation placed very little emphasis on the child's special education services and
the appropriateness of the child's IEP.
Purpose of Reevaluation Review
1. to focus on the student's progress in and/or access to the general education curriculum,
2. to focus on the student's progress in the Special Education program,
3. to address the student's IEP in meeting the unique needs of the student,
4. to investigate the need for further evaluation when the student is not progressing
commensurate with his or her IEP goals and objectives, and
5. to determine continued eligibility.
A Formal, Comprehensive Reevaluation Should Be Considered
1. when the validity and/or reliability of the initial or previous evaluation are in question,
2. when the student's age at the time of assessment (usually before age 8) has skewed the
validity or reliability of evaluation results (assessment results increase in validity and
reliability after the age of eight),
3. when previous evaluation results indicate external variables affecting the reliability of the
previous assessment data, for example the child was easily distracted, situational crises in
the home or school environment, or frequent change of schools,
4. when significant discrepant results were obtained by the student on two previous
evaluations with no other explanation of this discrepancy,
5. when the results of the “Reevaluation Summary Report” indicate discrepancies or pose
questions regarding the student's progress in his/her Special Education program and the
IEP team determines there is a need to obtain more information through formal assessment,
6. when a comprehensive reevaluation is requested by the student's parent or other members
of the student's IEP team, and/or
7. when the student has made progress and consequently, may no longer meet the eligibility
standards for a speech and/or language impairment.
Components of a Reevaluation Review Summary
1. Background Information
a. Review of medical and sensory information
b. Educational Review
· Disability information
· Special Education services provided currently and in the past three years
· Review of other aspects of the student's progress that may be impacting the success
of the educational program, including attendance, number of schools attended,
school retention, behavior and discipline review
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2. Review of Previous Assessment Information
a. Previous evaluation information
b. IEP team determination of the validity and reliability of previous evaluations
3. Current ClassroomBased Assessment
a. Input from the Parent, General Education, Special Education and/or Related Services
Teacher
b. Review of statewide and/or districtwide assessments
4. The IEP Reevaluation Summary Report considers whether:
a. there is no further data needed in order to determine eligibility for services.
b. the parent has been informed of the reasons for no further assessment.
c. the parent understands that further assessment can be made if the parent wishes to
request additional assessment.
d. the parent has received a written copy of the Reevaluation Summary Report.
e. the parent has been informed of and received a copy of the Rights of Children with
Disabilities and Parent Responsibilities.
f. the date of the IEP team meeting and signatures of the parent and other IEP team
members have been documented.
Guidelines for Exit from Speech/Language Services
The following guidelines should be followed whenever considering exiting a student from special
education services for a speech and/or language impairment.
Guideline 1 The criteria for exit from services for speech and language impairments should
be discussed with IEP team members at the beginning of intervention.
Guideline 2 The decision to dismiss is an hypothesis and should be assessed periodically.
Guideline 3 The decision to dismiss is based upon IEP team input (i.e., parent, teacher,
etc.) initiated by the SLT or any other team member.
Guideline 4 If progress is not observed over time, changes must be made in the
interventions/accommodations. If continued lack of progress is shown,
specific goals and intervention approaches must be reexamined. If additional
progress is not observed, exit from special education may be warranted.
Guideline 5 If gains are general and are not related to intervention.
Guideline 6 If it can be determined that new skills would not greatly improve education
based speech and language skills of students with severely impaired
communication or cognitive systems, and no specific special education goals
remain.
Guideline 7 The student’s current academic level, behavioral characteristics and impact on
educational performance should be considered.
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Exiting Factors
Rationale
Current Level ___Goals and objectives have been met.
___Maximum improvement and/or compensatory skills have been
achieved.
___Communication skills are commensurate with developmental
expectations.
___Successful use of augmentative or assistive communication
device.
Behavioral ___Limited carryover due to lack of physical, mental or emotional
Characteristics ability to selfmonitor or generalize to other environments.
___Poor attendance.
___Lack of motivation.
___Other disabilities or interfering behaviors inhibit progress.
___Conflict arises in goals set by public and private SLTs/teams.
___Limited potential for change.
Educational Impact ___Communication skills no longer adversely affect the student’s
education performance as seen by:
q Student q teacher q parent q SLT
___Communication skills no longer cause frustration or other
social, personal, emotional difficulties.
NOTE: When considering exiting a student from special education, a reevaluation is
necessary if the student will no longer be receiving special education services in speech or
language. The reevaluation review process should be followed prior to consideration of a
comprehensive assessment. The IEP team may determine sufficient information is
documented and a comprehensive reevaluation is not required. Parents must be part of the
decision process and must give consent when a formal, Comprehensive Assessment is
requested.
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
The list of assessments that follow are not comprehensive and do not
necessarily reflect the most recently standardized instruments or tools for
assessment of Speech and Language Impairments. A more
comprehensive list of assessment instruments can be found on the Special
Education Assessment web page under the title of
Assessments in Easy IEP on the Initial Eligibility tab at the following site:
http://state.tn.us/education/speced/seassessment.shtml#INITIAL
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AREA: LANGUAGE (** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
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AREA: LANGUAGE (** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Carrow Elicited Language Inventory 3:0 to 7:11 Years 25 min. Tests imitation of grammatical ProEd, Riverside Publ. Co., Supplemental
(CELI), 1974 structures to determine The Speech Bin, Super Duper
specific language deficit. Publications
Children’s Auditory Verbal Learning 6:6 to 17:11 Years Varies Assesses immediate auditory The Speech Bin Supplemental
Test Revised (CAVLT2), 1993 memory span, learning level,
delayed recall, and recognition
accuracy.
Classroom Communication Skills Kindergarten to 1015 min. Evaluates receptive and The Psychological Supplemental
th
Inventory: A Listening and Speaking 12 grade expressive communication in Corporation
Checklist, 1993 the classroom. Assesses
functional communication skills
and behaviors that affect
academic performance.
**Clinical Evaluation of Language 3:0 to 6:11 Years 15 to 20 min. Downward extension of CELF The Psychological Comprehensive
Fundamentals Preschool (CELF R; measures receptive and Corporation
Preschool), 1992 expressive language skills.
**Clinical Evaluation of Language 6:0 to 21:0 Years 30 45 min. Measures receptive and The Psychological Comprehensive
FundamentalsThird Edition (CELF3), expressive skills in Corporation
1995 morphology, syntax,
semantics, and memory.
Communication Abilities Diagnostic 3:0 to 9:0 Years 4050 min. Rates language responses in Riverside Publishing Co., The Supplemental
Test (CADeT), 1990 areas of semantics, syntax, Speech Bin
and pragmatics.
Comprehensive Assessment of 3:0 to 21:11 For Core Batteries: Measures the processes of American Guidance Services, Comprehensive
Spoken Language (CASL). Elizabeth 3 to 5 years comprehension, expression, Inc. or Supplemental
CarrowWoolfolk. (1999) approximately 30 and retrieval in four language (depending on
min. categories: Lexical/Semantic, the child’s age)
5 years to 21 years Syntactic, Supralinguistic and
approximately 45 Pragmatic.
min.
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: LANGUAGE (** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Comprehensive Receptive and 4:0 to 17:11 2030 min. Identifies students who are ProEd, Academic Supplemental
Expressive Vocabulary Test Years significantly below peers in Communication Assoc.,
(CREVTS), 1994 oral vocabulary proficiency. Riverside Publ., Slosson Ed.
Measures discrepancies Publ., The Speech Bin, Super
between receptive and Duper Publ.
expressive vocabulary.
Comprehensive Test of Phonological 5:0 to 24:11 45 min. Profiles functional CommuniCog Publications Supplemental
Processing (CTOPP), 1999 Years communication proficiency.
Evaluating Communicative 10:0 Years 15 to 20 min. Downward extension of CELF The Psychological Comprehensive
Competence, 1994 Adult R; measures receptive and Corporation
expressive language skills.
The Expressive Language Test, 1998 5:0 to 11:11 4045 min. Assesses expressive language LinguiSystems Supplemental
Years functioning.
Expressive OneWord Picture 2:0 to 18:11 1520 min Provides an index of student’s ProEd, Super Duper Publ., Supplemental
Vocabulary Test 2000 Edition Years expressive vocabulary. The Speech Bin, Slosson Ed.
(EOWPVT2000) Publ., Acad. Communication
Assoc.
Expressive Vocabulary Test, 1997 2:6 Years to 15 min. Measures expressive American Guidance Service Supplemental
Adult vocabulary and word retrieval.
Fullerton Language Test for 11:0 to Adult 60 min. Measures receptive and ProEd, Imaginart, Riverside Supplemental
Adolescents2 (FLTA2), 1986 expressive vocabulary; helps Pub. Co., The Speech Bin
determine deficiencies in
linguistic processing.
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: LANGUAGE (** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Functional Communication Profile, 3:0 Years to Time varies Evaluates sensory/motor, LinguiSystems Supplemental
1995 Adult receptive language,
pragmatic/social, voice,
fluency, attentiveness,
expressive language,
speech, oral and nonoral
communication skills in
individuals with
Developmental Delays,
including Autism, Down
Syndrome, progressive
neurological disorders,
cerebral palsy, Traumatic
Brain Injury, and childhood
aphasia.
Fluharty Preschool Speech and 2:06:0 Years 510 min Measures vocabulary ProEd, Riverside Publ Screener
Language Screening Test, Second identification, artic., syntax, Co., The Speech Bin,
Edition (FPSLST2), 2000 and auditory memory. Super Duper Publ
Helps identify children for
further diagnostic
evaluation.
Guide to Narrative Language: Elementary Varies Procedures for analyzing Thinking Publications Supplemental
Procedures for Assessment 1997. and Middle children's narratives and
School Ages "school" language.
3:6 to Adult 2030 min. Tests ability to discriminate AGS, Slosson Ed. Pub., Supplemental
GoldmanFristoeWoodcock Test speech sounds in quiet and The Speech Bin, Super
of Auditory Discrimination, 1970 noise. Duper Pub.
The HELP Test, 1996 6:0 to 11:11 2535 min. Assesses general LinguiSystems Supplemental
Years expressive language
functioning for tasks related
to classroom performance.
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: LANGUAGE (** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic 5:0 to 12:11 45 to 60 min. Identifies children with general ProEd, The Psychological Supplemental
AbilitiesThird Edition (ITPA3), 2001 Years linguistic delays in the Corp.
development of spoken and
written language.
Joliet 3 Minute Speech and Language 2:5 to 4:5 3 min. Identifies children needing The Psychological Corp. Supplemental
Screen Preschool Years further testing in phonology, The Speech Bin
grammar, and semantics.
Kaufman Survey of Early Academic 3:0 to 6:11 15 to 25 min. Measures expressive and AGS, PAR, The Speech Screener
and Language Skills (KSEALS), 1993 Years receptive language, Bin
articulation, and preacademic
skills.
Kindergarten Language Screening 3:6 to 6:11 5 min. Identifies children needing ProEd. Academic Screener
Test 2 nd Edition, 1998 Years further language testing to Communication
determine deficits that might Associates, Imaginart
impede academic
achievement.
Language Processing TestRevised 5:0 to 11:11 35 min. Assesses ability to attach LinguiSystems Supplemental
(LPTR), 1995 Years meaning to language and
effectively formulate a
response.
Language Proficiency Test, 1981 15:0 Years to 6090 min. Assesses a wide range of Academic Therapy Supplemental
Adult English language ability. Publications
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: LANGUAGE (** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Lindamood Auditory Conceptualization Preschool to 10 min. Assesses auditory perception and ProEd, Riverside Publ. Co., Supplemental
Test (LAC), 1971 Adult conceptualization of speech The Speech Bin
sounds. Helps identify students
at risk in reading and spelling.
The Listening Test, 1992 6:0 to 11:11 35 min. Assesses listening behaviors that LinguiSystems Supplemental
Years reflect classroom listening
situations. Includes a Classroom
Listening Scale for Classroom
Teacher to rate listening
performance.
**Oral and Written Language Scales 3:021:0 Years 40 min. Samples semantic, syntactic, AGS Comprehensive
(OWLS):Listening Comprehension and pragmatic, and higher order
Oral Expression Scales, 1995 thinking language tasks.
rd
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, 3 2:6 Years to 12 min. Measures receptive singleword AGS Supplemental
Edition (PPVT3), 1997 Adult vocabulary.
The Phonological Awareness Profile, 5:08:0 Years 1020 min. Evaluates phonological LinguiSystems Supplemental
1995 processing and knowledge of
phonemegrapheme
correspondence by looking at
tasks of rhyming, segmentation,
isolation, deletion, substitution,
blending, and decoding.
The Phonological Awareness Test, 5:0 to 9:11 40 min. Assesses phonological LinguiSystems Supplemental
1997 Years processing skills and phoneme
grapheme correspondence.
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: LANGUAGE (** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Pragmatic Communication Skills Preschool 20 min. Records observations of Academic Communication Supplemental
Protocol, 1989 Elementary children’s pragmatic Associates
communication behaviors in the
classroom.
Preschool Language Assessment 3:06:0 & older 20 min. Assesses a variety of language The Psychological Corp. Supplemental
Instrument (PLAI), 1978 children with skills related to academic
language success.
difficulties
**Preschool Language Scale3 (PLS Birth to 6:11 2030 min. Evaluates sequential The Psychological Comprehensive
3), 1992 and Preschool Language Years developmental milestones in Corporation
Scale4 (PLS4), 2002 language. Includes articulation
screener, language sample
checklist, and parent
questionnaire.
Program for Acquisition of Language in 3:0 Years Varies Develops a functional The Psychological Corp. Supplemental
the Severely Impaired (PALS), 1982 Adult communication system.
ReceptiveExpressive Emergent Birth3:0 Years Varies Multidimensional analysis of ProEd, The Psychological Supplemental
Language Test 2 nd Edition (REEL2), emergent language carried out via Corp, The Speech Bin,
1991 interview of significant other. Super Duper Publications,
Slosson Education
Publications
Receptive OneWord Picture 2:0 to 18:11 20 min. Assesses receptive vocabulary. Academic Communication Supplemental
Vocabulary Test2000 Edition Years Assoc., ProEd, Imaginart,
(ROWPVT), 2000 Slosson Ed. Publishers.,
The Speech Bin, Super
Duper Publishers
Receptive OneWord Picture 12:0 to 15:11 15 min. Assesses receptive vocabulary of Academic Communication Supplemental
Vocabulary TestUpper Extension Years adolescents. Assoc., ProEd, Imaginart,
(ROWVTUE), 1987 Slosson Ed. Publishers.,
The Speech Bin, Super
Duper Publishers
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: LANGUAGE (** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Rice/Wexler Test of Early Grammatical 3:0 to 8:0 45 to 60 min Assesses morphemes and The Psychological Supplemental
Impairment, 2001 Years syntactic structures. Corporation
Scales of Cognitive Ability for Adolescent 30 min. to 2 hours Assesses cognitive and linguistic Super Duper Supplemental
Traumatic Brain Injury (SCATBI) Adult abilities of patients with head
injuries.
SCAN: A Screening Test for Auditory 3:011:0 Years 20 min. Screens auditory processing The Psychological Corp. Supplemental
Processing Disorders, 1986 disorders in children with poor
listening skills.
SCANA: A Screening Test for Auditory 12:0 Years to 20 min. Determines the presence of The Psychological Corp. Supplemental
Processing Disorders in Adolescents Adult auditory processing disorders.
and Adults, 1993
The Strong Narrative Assessment Target Varies 4 story books and tapes and Thinking Publications, 424 Supplemental
Procedure, 1998 population— instructions for administering and Galloway St., Eau Claire,
elementary interpreting story retellings. WI 54703 materials
and middle
school
field test data
for 7:0 to 10:0
100 Year
Structured Photographic Expressive 4:0 to 9:5 15 to 20 min. Measures generation of specific Janelle Publications Supplemental
Language TestII (SPELTII), 1995 Years morphological and syntactic
structures in appropriate contexts.
Structured Photographic Expressive 3:0 to 5:11 1015 min. Assesses child’s ability to Janelle Publications Supplemental
Language Test Preschool (SPELTP), Years generate early developing specific Super Duper Publications
1983 morphological and syntactic
forms.
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: LANGUAGE (** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Test for Auditory Comprehension of 3:0 to 11:0 15 to 25 minutes Assesses receptive grammar and The Psychological Supplemental
LanguageThird Edition(TACL3) Years syntax. Measures receptive Corporation, ProEd, AGS,
spoken grammar and syntax Academic Communication
through auditory comprehension Association, Riverside
tasks. Publishing, The Speech
Bin
Test for Examining Expressive 3:08:0 Years 7 min. Evaluates development of The Psychological Supplemental
Morphology (TEEM), 1983 expressive morphology. Corporation
Testing and Remediating Auditory 4:07:0 Years 510 min. Assesses and recommends The Speech Bin Supplemental
Processing (TRAP), 1997 intervention for auditory
processing disorders.
**Test of Adolescent and Adult 120 to Adult 60 –180 min. Ten composites yield scores in a ProEd, Academic Comprehensive
rd
Language 3 Edition (TOAL3), 1994 variety of language skills. Communication Assoc.,
Riverside Pub. Co, The
Speech Bin
Test of AuditoryPerceptual Skills 4:012:0 Years 510 min. Used with children who have Psychological and Ed. Supplemental
Revised (TAPSR), 1996 diagnoses of auditory perceptual Publishers, Academic
difficulties, imperceptions of Communication Assoc.,
auditory modality, language ProEd, Slosson Education
problems, and/or learning Publishers, The Speech
problems. Bin
Test of AuditoryPerceptual Skills: 12:018:0 15 to 20 min. For children who have diagnoses Psychological and Ed. Supplemental
Upper Level (TAPS: UL), 1994 Years of auditory perceptual difficulties, Publishers, Academic
imperceptions of auditory Communication Assoc.,
modality, language problems, ProEd, Slosson Education
and/or learning problems. Publishers, The Speech
Bin
Test of Auditory Reasoning and 5:014:0 Years 1015 min. Assesses ability to think, Slosson Ed. Publ., Supplemental
Processing Skills (TARPS), 1993 understand, reason, and make Academic Communication
sense of what a child hears. Assoc., Psych. And Educ.
Publ., The Speech Bin
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: LANGUAGE (** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Test of Children’s Language (TOCL), 5:0 to 8:11 30 to 40 min. Uses storybook format to assess ProEd, The Speech Bin Supplemental
1996 Years semantics and syntax,
phonological awareness, word
recognition, listening,
comprehension, letter and print
knowledge, reading
comprehension, and writing.
Test of Early Language Development 2:0 to 7:11 15 –45 min. Measures spoken language ProEd, AGS, The Speech Supplemental
3 rd Edition (TELD3), 1998 Years abilities in semantics and syntax. Bin, Slosson Ed.
Publishers, Imaginart,
Riverside Publishing Co.
Test of Language Competence 5:0 to 18:11 4560 min. Assesses emerging metalinguistic The Psychological Supplemental
Expanded Edition (TLCExpanded), Years strategy acquisition in semantics, Corporation
1989 syntax, and pragmatics.
**Test of Language Development 8:0 to 12:11 3060 min. Six subtests measure Comprehensive
rd
Intermediate, 3 Edition (TOLD I:3), Years components of spoken language.
1997
**Test of Language Development 4:0 to 8:11 60 min. Nine subtests used to measure ProEd, Super Duper Comprehensive
rd
Primary, 3 Edition (TOLDP: 3), 1997 Years different areas of language. Publ., The Speech Bin,
AGS, Imaginart, Slosson
Ed. Publ., The
Psychological Corp
Test of Memory and Learning 5:019:0 Years 45 min. Assesses general and specific Publishers Supplemental
(TOMAL) aspects of memory. Most helpful
in evaluating children or
adolescents referred for LD, TBI,
neurological diseases, Emotional
Disturbance, and ADHD.
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: LANGUAGE (** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Test of Phonological Awareness, 1994 Kindergarten 20 min. Measures children’s awareness of ProEd, Academic Supplemental
2 nd Grade individual sounds within words. Communication Assoc., The
Speech Bin, Psychological
and Educational Publications
Test of Pragmatic Language (TOPL), 5:0 to 13:0 30 to 45 min. Evaluates social language skills. The Psychological Corp. Supplemental
1992 Years
Test of Phonological Awareness, 1994 Kindergarten 20 min. Measures children’s awareness of ProEd, Academic Supplemental
nd
2 Grade individual sounds within words. Communication Assoc., The
Speech Bin, Psychological
and Educational Publications
Test of Problem SolvingAdolescent 12:0 to 17:11 40 min. Assesses how adolescents use LinguiSystems Supplemental
Test (TOPSA), 1991 Years language to think, reason, and
solve problems.
Test of Problem SolvingElementary 6:0 to 11:11 35 min. Assesses a student’s language LinguiSystems Supplemental
Test, Revised (TOPSR), 1994 based thinking abilities and
strategies using logic and
experience.
Test of Phonological Awareness, 1994 Kindergarten 20 min. Measures children’s awareness of ProEd, Academic Supplemental
2 nd Grade individual sounds within words. Communication Assoc., The
Speech Bin, Psychological
and Educational Publications
Test of Pragmatic Language (TOPL), Kindergarten 45 min. Assesses the ability to effectively Pro Ed, Academic Supplemental
1992 through Middle use pragmatic language in six Communication Assoc.,
School areas. Imaginart, The Speech Bin,
Super Duper Publications
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: LANGUAGE (** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Test of Word FindingSecond Edition 4:0 to 12:11 2030 min. Assesses wordfinding abilities in ProEd, Riverside Pubs. Co., Supplemental
(TWF2), 2000 Years children. The Speech Bin
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: LANGUAGE (** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
The Wilson Syntax Screening Test, PreK to 2 to 4 min. Screener uses 20 grammatical The Psychological Corp. Screener
2000 Kindergarten markers to detect morphological
deficits.
Woodcock Language Proficiency 2:0 Years to 2060 min. Measures proficiency in areas of Riverside Publishing Co. Supplemental
Battery Revised (WLPBR), 1991 Adult oral language, reading, and
writing.
Word Finding Referral Checklist All grades Varies Focuses on three areas of ProEd, Riverside Supplemental
(WFRC), 1992 language processing to identify Publishing Co., The
students with word finding Speech Bin
difficulties.
The Word TestAdolescent, 1989 12:0 to 17:11 25 min. Tests expressive vocabulary and LinguiSystems Supplemental
Years semantics in secondary students.
The Word Test Elementary, 1990 7:0 to 11:11 2030 min. Tests expressive vocabulary and LinguiSystems Supplemental
Years semantics through assessment of
the ability to recognize and
express semantic attributes of the
student’s lexicon.
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION (AAC) ASSESSMENT TOOLS
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Analyzing the Communication NonSpecific Varies An inventory of ways to Communication Skill Builders Programmatic
Environment (ACE) ( 1993). Rowland encourage communication in ISBN: 088450011x
and Schweigert functional activities for students
with severe communication
impairments.
EvaluWare (19992000) Nonspecific Varies CD for Macintosh and PC Assistive Technology, Inc., 7 Programmatic
computers to assess computer Wells Ave., Newton, MA 02459
access methods and AAC setups;
explores looking, listening, motor
and related skills.
Every Move Counts. Jane Korsten, et 7:0 to 11:11 2030 min. Sensorybased communication Therapy Skill Builders ISBN: 0 Programmatic
al. (1993) Years assessment and intervention 76168543x
techniques for students with
severe disabilities.
Interaction Checklist for Augmentative All Ages Varies Initial and followup measure of Imaginart, 307 Arizona St., Programmatic
Communication (INCH) communicative effectiveness with Bisbee, AZ, 85603
either an electronic or manual
device. Manual includes
interventions for all levels of
severity and goals and objectives.
Partners in Augmentative Nonspecific Varies A resource guide for interaction Delva Culp and Margaret Programmatic
Communication Training (PACT) facilitation training for child AAC Carlisle. ISBN: 0884503097
(1988) users and their communication Therapy Skills Builders, 555
partners. Academic Court, San Antonio,
TX 782042498
Preschool AAC Checklist. Judy 3:0 to Varies Tracking system to monitor a MayerJohnson, P.O. Box 1579, Programmatic
Henderson kindergarten or student's development in AAC Solana Beach, CA 92075 ISBN:
first grade skills and technology. 1884135005
when formal
academics
begin
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION (AAC) ASSESSMENT TOOLS
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Stages Book (1999) Nonspecific Varies Identifies and describes 7 skill Assistive Technology, Inc., 7 Programmatic
levels from cause/effect to Wells Ave., Newton, MA
functional learning and written 02459
expression. Stages 17
Benchmark Activities are
computerbased activities for
assessment, reports,
developmental levels and
recommended software.
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
SPEECH ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS
AREA: SOUND PRODUCTION(** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
The Apraxia Profile, 1997 212 Years Varies Helps identify the presence of The Speech Bin Screener
oral apraxia, diagnose
developmental verbal apraxia,
and determine oralmotor
movement and sequence
disorders.
**Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale 1:6 to 13:11 10 min. Identifies misarticulations and Western Psychological Diagnostic
2 nd Edition (AAPS2), 1986 Years total articulatory proficiency. Services
Assessment Link Between Phonology 3+ Years Varies Delayed sentence imitation ALPHA Speech & Supplemental
and Articulation Phonology Test test that assesses children’s Language Resources, The
Revised (ALPHAR), 1995 use of 15 phonological Speech Bin
processes in 50 target words.
**Assessment of Phonological 3:0 to 12:0 1520 min. Categorizes virtually all speech ProEd, The Speech Bin, Diagnostic
Processes Revised (APPR), 1986 Years errors. Super Duper Pub., Slosson
Ed. Pub., Thinking Pub.,
The Psych. Corp.
BankstonBernthal Test of Phonology, 3:0 to 9:11 1520 min. Assesses phonemes in the Riverside Publishing Co., Supplemental
(BBTOP), 1990 Years final positions. Imaginart, The Speech Bin
Children’s Articulation Test, 1989 3:0 to 11:0 Varies Profiles specific articulation The Speech Bin Supplemental
Years errors.
Computerized Articulation and 2:0 Years to 510 min. for Analyzes articulation and The Psychological Diagnostic
Phonological Evaluation (CAPES) 2001 Adult Phonemic Profile, phonology on a personal Corporation
Varied time for computer.
Individual
Phonological Profile
& Connected
Speech Sample
**FisherLogemann Test of Articulation 3:0 to 80+ 2045 min. Uses distinctive feature ProEd, Riverside Diagnostic
Competence, 1971 Years analysis of articulatory errors. Publishing Co., Speech Bin
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: SOUND PRODUCTION(** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
**GoldmanFristoe Test of Articulation2 2:021:0 Years 1015 min. Assesses sound production of Super Duper Publishing Diagnostic
(GFTA2), 2000 word conversational level. Co.
**Kaufman Speech Praxis Test for 2:0 to 5:11 515 min. Assists in the diagnosis and Wayne State University Diagnostic
Children, 1995 Years intervention of developmental Press, The Speech Bin
apraxia of speech in preschool
children.
Khan Lewis Phonological Analysis 2:0 to 5:11 1015 min. Assesses 15 phonological AGS, Slosson Ed. Pub., Supplemental
(KLPA), 1986 Years processes in speech of The Speech Bin, Super
preschool children. Also Duper Pub.
helpful with older children who
have articulation/ phonological
disorders.
rd
**Photo Articulation Test3 Edition 3:0 to 8:11 20 min. Uses color photographs of ProEd, The Speech Bin, Diagnostic
(PAT3), 1997 Years common objects to assess Super Duper Co., Slosson
articulation errors rapidly and Ed. Pub.
accurately.
Quick Screen of Phonology (QSP), 3:07:0 Years 5 min. Screening test of articulation. Riverside Pub. Co., The Screener
1990 Systematically samples Speech Bin
individual consonants and
phonological processes.
Rules Phonological Evaluation (RPE), Birth to 8:11 Varies Evaluates children with The Speech Bin Supplemental
1990 Years unintelligible or difficult to
understand speech.
Screening Test for Developmental 4:012:0 Years 15 min. Identifies children who have ProEd, The Speech Bin Screener
Apraxia of SpeechSecond Edition both atypical speechlanguage
(STDAS2), 2000 problems and associated oral
performance.
**Secord Contextual Articulation Test Pre Time varies Assesses articulation, Super Duper Diagnostic
(SCAT), 1997 Kindergarten competence in storytelling and
To Adult contextual probes.
**Structured Photographic Articulation 3:09:0 years 1015 min. Assesses 59 consonant Janelle Publications Diagnostic
Test (SPATD), 1983 singletons and 21 consonant Super Duper
blends and identifies
phonological processes.
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: SOUND PRODUCTION(** Recommended for Determination of Significant Deficiency)
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
**TemplinDarley Test of Articulation 3:08:0 Years 15 min. Diagnoses articulation errors in University of Iowa Press Diagnostic
nd
2 Edition, 1969 nine areas, as well as general The Speech Bin
articulation proficiency.
Test of Articulation in Context (TAC), Preschool— 2030 min. Based on the premise that Imaginart Supplemental
1998 Elementary articulation skills are most
accurately represented in
spontaneous speech; uses
pictures to elicit all common
consonants, consonant
clusters, and vowels.
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: FLUENCY
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Assessment of Fluency in SchoolAge 5:018:0 Years Varies Includes parent/teacher/child ProEd, The Speech Bin Diagnostic
Children (AFSC), 1983 interview forms and
sequenced tasks to determine
speech, language and
physiological functioning.
Assessment of Stuttering Behaviors, 4:010:0 Years Varies Determines if a child is an Academic Communication Diagnostic
1990 appropriate candidate for Associates
intervention. Documents
changes in stuttering
behaviors.
Cooper Assessment for Stuttering Adolescents 60 min. Identifies and quantifies The Psychological Diagnostic
Syndromes Adolescent and Adult and Adults affective, behavioral, and Corporation
(CASSA), 1996 cognitive components of
stuttering syndromes in
adolescents and adults.
Cooper Assessment for Stuttering 3:013:0 Years 60 min. Identifies and quantifies The Psychological Diagnostic
Syndromes Children (CASSC), 1996 affective, behavioral, and Corporation
cognitive components of
stuttering syndromes in
children.
Fluency Development System for 2:09:0 Years Varies Assessment and intervention ProEd, Riverside Pub. Supplemental
Young Children (TFDS), 1992 program for young children Co., United Educational
with fluency disorders. Services
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: FLUENCY
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
Stocker Probe for Fluency and Fluency: 1530 min. Both forms use probes that The Speech Bin Diagnostic
rd
Language3 Edition, 1995 Preschool ask questions about interesting
Children, objects, eliciting responses at
Language: 5 levels of increasing linguistic
Adults demand. Fluency differentiates
children’s confirmed stuttering
from normal dysfluency and
yields a rating of stuttering
severity.
Stuttering Prediction Instrument for 3:0 to 8:11 Varies Assesses a child’s history, ProEd, The Speech Bin Diagnostic
Young Children (SPI), 1981 Years reactions, partword
repetitions, prolongations and
frequency of stuttered words to
assist in measuring severity
and predicting chronicity.
Stuttering Severity Instrument for 9:0 to Adult Varies Measures frequency of ProEd, Imaginart Diagnostic
rd
Children and Adults 3 Edition (SSI3), repetition and prolongations, Slosson Ed. Pub.
1994 duration of blocks and physical The Speech Bin
concomitants. Super Duper Pub.
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: ORALMOTOR
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
DworkinCulatta Oral Mechanism Exam Any age 3040 min. Assesses facial and oral Edgewood Press, The Supplemental
and Treatment System (DCOMET), structures and functions. Speech Bin
1996
Oral Motor Assessment and Treatment, 4:011:0 Years Varies Assesses the severity of verbal The Speech Bin Supplemental
*publishing date not available oral motor problems.
Oral Speech Mechanism Screening 5:0 Years to 510 min. Quick, reliable exam of lips, ProEd, Psychological and Supplemental
ExaminationThird Edition (OSMSE3), Adult tongue, jaw, teeth, hard and Educational Publishing,
2000 soft palate, pharynx, The Speech Bin
velopharyngeal function,
breathing, and diadochokinetic
rates.
Test of Oral Structures and Functions 7:0 Years to 20 min. Assesses oral structures and Slosson Educational Supplemental
(TOSF), 1986 Adult nonverbal and verbal oral Publishing, The Speech
functioning. Bin
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
AREA: VOICE
Administration
Test & Publishing Date Age Range Description Publishers Purpose
Time
nd
Boone Voice Program for Children 2 Kindergarten Varies Provides cognitive approach to ProEd Imaginart, The Diagnostic
th
Edition, 1993 Through 8 voice intervention and gives Speech Bin, Academic
Grade useful guidelines and materials Communication Assoc.
for diagnosis and remediation
of voice disorders in children.
ComputerAssisted Voice Evaluation, Any age Varies Computerguided outline for Janelle Publications Diagnostic
1991 voice evaluation. Provides a
printed report during the
evaluation session.
Systematic Assessment of Voice 5:0 Years Adult Varies Comprehensive inventory of Academic Communication Diagnostic
(SAV), 1990 tasks, strategies, and Associates
procedures for assessing
functional and organic voice
problems in children,
adolescents, and adults.
Voice Assessment Protocol for Children and Varies Systematic evaluation of vocal ProEd Diagnostic
Children and Adults (VAP), 1987 Adult pitch, loudness, quality, breath The Speech Bin
features, and speech
rate/rhythm.
The Voice Index, 1996 5:0 Years 20 min. Evaluates competence of 10 LinguiSystems Diagnostic
Adult vocal behaviors. Normative
data used to obtain a voice
profile of these behaviors can
be used to evaluate student
progress in intervention.
ED –4074 / Rev 07.09 SL General Assessment Resource Packet
Department of Education
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
(Questions and Answers from June 2002 Statewide Speech and Language Evaluation Revisions Training)
Eligibility Standards Questions
1. How are speech and language disabilities to be listed on the Eligibility Report?
Language Impairment
Speech Impairment: Articulation
Speech Impairment: Fluency
Speech Impairment: Voice
2. How much of a delay will occur if a speechlanguage evaluation is completed without a
hearing or vision screening? Will the classroom teacher conduct the hearing screening?
Can we now screen for hearing without parent permission?
The vision and hearing screening should be conducted before the speechlanguage
evaluation is begun in order to ruleout either visual or hearing acuity deficits as being the
primary reason for the student’s classroom difficulties. It is also important to assure
deficient scores obtained during the assessment and the evaluation results are both valid
and reliable. School systems are required to screen vision and hearing skills for general
education students. If current screenings are not available, they should be obtained
while interventions prior to the referral are implemented. This does not require an
individual permission since all students are screened for vision and hearing acuity. This
does not exclude the SLT from conducting the hearing screening as necessary.
3. Which speech sound production developmental chart should I use?
The charts provided in the Resource Packet for the Assessment of Speech Sound
Production reflect current normative data for speech sound production development. The
charts do have some variability. Therefore, school systems should determine the most
appropriate chart for the system’s student population and be consistent in its use.
4. Can the IEP team determine that a language deficit exists even when there are no scores
to support that diagnosis?
It is the SLT’s responsibility to determine if the student meets the eligibility standards for
a Language Impairment. The eligibility standards require a formal assessment
(comprehensive, standardized tests) and an informal assessment (functional language
description). These two areas are given equal weight. Therefore, it is possible for a
student to have a Language Impairment based on the informal assessment results –
even when the standard scores are not significantly deficient. It is the IEP team’s
responsibility to determine if the student is eligible for special education services in order
to benefit from his/her educational program. The IEP team considers the student’s
strengths and weaknesses, writes a present level of performance for each deficit area
and drafts goals and objectives based on this information. Type and quantity of service
and service providers are determined after the IEP team has agreed on the goals and
objectives.
5. If the term “criteria” is used for addressing standards for speech/language and “eligibility”
is used for services (met criteria and needs cannot be met in general education) a lot of
confusion would be avoided.
The change of language for the eligibility standards reflects IDEA’97, IDEA’04 and
Tennessee’s Rules, Regulations and Minimum Standards for Special Education. The
twopronged eligibility determination process for eligibility in Special Education is required
through IDEA. The eligibility standards must be met to determine whether the child can
be identified as a child with a disability. The IEP team then determines whether the child
is eligible for Special Education based on information gathered and documentation that
the child’s needs cannot be met in the general education classroom without Special
Education services.
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6. If a child has a deficit in phonological awareness can s/he be identified as language
impaired?
Yes, as long as s/he meets standards in an area of language such as auditory
perception; however, if that is the only problem identified in a language assessment, it
would be best practice to refer the child for a psychological evaluation to investigate the
possibility of a Specific Learning Disability in phonological processing manifested in the
area of reading.
7. I am still confused about not using IQ to compare with the Total Language Score to
determine eligibility.
The revised eligibility standards for Language Impairment are based on current research
models of language impairment and careful examination of eligibility in other states.
These standards require eligibility for a language impairment NOT be determined on the
basis of a predetermined discrepancy between language and cognitive measures.
Appropriate cognitive assessment may be used to support findings of the speech
language evaluation. It is imperative that the School Psychologist and the SLP
collaborate to determine the most appropriate area of eligibility for a student. You are to
consider the child’s functioning level and determine if the communication difficulties can
best be described as a part of the primary disability (e.g., Mental Retardation, Autism,
Developmental Delay, etc.) or if there is a separate language disability. The SLP can no
longer justify eligibility based on a comparison of the IQ score with the total language
score.
8. Are we able to use the IQ score as a basis for the standard deviation in order to meet the
standard for a language impairment? If the language score is 70 and the student’s IQ is
80, is the student language impaired?
NO, the SpeechLanguage Eligibility Standards DO NOT compare the total language
score with the student’s intelligence score to determine a language impairment. YES, the
student in the example may be Language Impaired since the language score is <78. The
language score is to be compared with the mean for the test used. However, no student
can be language impaired based solely on a standardized score. The eligibility standards
require an informal assessment for determination of need in the classroom as well as a
formal assessment.
9. It is now required that there be 2 observations for a language evaluation – one by the
classroom teacher and one by another professional. Would the other professional be
me?
The other professional may be the SLP but could also be the School Psychologist, the
School Guidance Counselor, another classroom teacher (e.g., art, music, librarian or
physical education, if appropriate) or the Special Education Teacher, depending on what
is documented on the Assessment Team Plan.
10. Do we finally get to consider attendance issues (or truancy) for a language referral?
Attendance or truancy issues should be considered in order to rule out the IDEA
requirement of insufficient instruction in reading and/or math, and to document that the
identified language impairment is the primary reason for the student’s inability to progress
in the general education program.
11. Why does the comprehensive measure for language evaluation need a receptive,
expressive and total language score although this is not a requirement for auditory
processing/ perception assessment and is not listed as any area of assessment under
the Language Eligibility Standards?
Auditory perceptual tests are not comprehensive tests – they are supplemental. You still
need to administer a comprehensive language test. This comprehensive test may
provide needed information in the area of receptive language, listening, etc. that can be
used to document the area of concern.
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12. The SLP is asked to state if the student does or does not meet the eligibility standards on
the Speech and Language Evaluation Report and the Rating Scales. I thought the IEP
team made the decision, not just one person.
The SLP documents on the report that the student does or does not meet the standards
to be identified as a student with a Speech and/or Language Impairment. The IEP team
makes the final determination of eligibility based on whether or not Special Education
services are needed for the student to progress in the general education program. The
Eligibility Report form documents this information.
13. Prior State Guidelines for Speech and Language have allowed waiving the SST meeting.
Is this an alternative with the new Eligibility Standards?
The SST is not a requirement. It is a vehicle for providing prereferal and early
interventions. The intervention process should not be an avenue for postponing a viable
referral.
14. If a student is eligible for services and there is documentation of chronic absences from
school, should that student be considered eligible for Special Education services?
The school should provide documentation of a student’s absences from school. Poor
attendance should be addressed before a formal evaluation is even recommended.
There is a distinction between being identified with a disability and being eligible for
Special Education services. The student may have a disability and not receive services if
that is the decision of the IEP team.
15. Can a Special Education Teacher do interventions for a child with CAPD if s/he is
identified as a child with a disability? The school requests special education help for
interventions/ modifications. What do we do?
The first course of action is for the General Education Teacher to implement
modifications/accommodations for any student in his/her classroom, including a child who
has auditory processing problems. This is an essential part of the early intervention
process. Special Education services cannot be provided to a student unless that student
meets the eligibility standards for a disability and the IEP team has determined that
Special Education services are required for the student to benefit from the educational
program. That is not to say that special education personnel cannot offer advice to the
General Education Teacher.
16. Why is CAPD even listed as an area for us to consider if we cannot certify? Why not just
give a language battery to determine eligibility if that’s the main idea to address this
area? Why not just look at CAPD as a receptive language disorder?
Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) was addressed at the June 2002 Speech
and Language Training Workshops and is an issue SLPs must consider in the field. In
keeping with IDEA, CAPD is not a disability. Some professionals have delineated
specific behaviors for CAPD, which are separate and distinct from a language disorder.
The responsibility of SLPs in the public schools is to consider auditory perception as part
of a comprehensive language evaluation.
17. What do we do for vision/hearing screening for children who are unable to be conditioned
to screen (too young or too low functioning to understand)?
Attempt the recommended procedures for hearing and vision screening and document
the results. In cases where the child is unable to condition for screening, it is
recommended to include notations of visual or auditory acuity when observing the child.
If the observational vision/hearing screening is necessary, pay special attention to the
manner in which the student reacts to either auditory or visual stimuli. Document your
impressions of the acuity of the child’s vision and hearing based on this observation (e.g.,
does the child turn to a sudden sound behind him/her or does the child hold picture books
close to his/her face?).
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18. How do we obtain vision screening for homebased preschool children? Parents may
lack financial resources and be unable to obtain screening.
Preschool children can receive vision screening through the local Health Department in
most cases. In some cases it may be necessary for the school systems (through social
workers, nurses, etc.) to help provide transportation. The rationale behind conducting a
vision screening for all referred students is to ensure that students are able to clearly see
the visual prompts on standardized tests, adding to the reliability and validity of such
tests. Minimally, visual acuity (near point and far point) is recommended and may be
done at minimal expense.
19. Is vision screening required for a speech evaluation even though we don’t conduct the
screening?
Vision screening is required and is an area that should be addressed in the prereferral
process. It should already be documented prior to a formal referral for assessment.
20. Does vision screening need to be within the same school year or within the past three
years?
Best practices (based on developmental changes) indicate that vision screening should
be conducted at least every 12 months for students at elementary and middle school
levels and 18 months at the high school level. Vision screening is conducted through
general education and results should be available in a child’s cumulative record.
21. Do we determine eligibility for a child in articulation based on simple errors such as a
frontal lisp or w/r and f/Ɵ substitutes if that is the only area of deficit?
Remember that the Speech and Language standards do not rely solely on standardized
test scores. There must also be documentation supporting the adverse effects of speech
sound production deficits on a child’s educational performance. This includes social and
emotional effects noted by the classroom teacher as well as academic factors related to
the errors (such as spelling or reading). You must also look at the errors and compare
them with normal sound development. The errors may be developmental and due to lack
of maturity in which case a child would not meet eligibility standards.
22. Explain “adversely effects classroom behavior”. Is there a checklist or guidelines to help
understand this? Can this include social ramifications in addition to academic?
In ASHA’s publication entitled, IDEA and Your Caseload: A Template for Eligibility and
Dismissal Criteria for Students Ages 3 21, adverse effects are discussed in detail as one
major component of the assessment process. It is discussed that when determining
adverse effects, there must be a clear understanding of the child’s ability to function in
the educational setting. Diagnostic information from parents and teachers, observations
in classrooms or social settings, and analysis of student work may be more revealing and
more important than the standardized test score. ASHA further delineates that a child
with a standardized score that reveals a mild impairment may nonetheless have a
significant educational disability to the extent that particular skill areas in the curriculum
may be affected. Conversely, a child with a moderate to severe delay may not
necessarily be disabled by the condition if modifications and accommodations in the
classroom can be successfully implemented. The social effects of the speech and/or
language impairment should definitely be considered.
There are several checklists for different areas of Speech and Language in each of the
Resource Packets to facilitate the consideration of emotional and social affects of the
impairment.
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23. What would be the effective period of time between prereferral and the actual referral?
This consideration is made on a case by case basis. When specific modification
strategies are provided for general education, usually a six to eight week time period is
set. However, if in the prereferral intervention process, the school determines that the
suspected disability is readily apparent, the process should be expedited and a referral
should be made.
24. The Articulation (SpeechSound Production) Rating Scale allows you to identify a child as
“mild” although earlier statements in the training suggest “moderate, severe, or profound”.
This is confusing…I thought you could not serve “mild” cases.
The earlier reference made is under Speech Sound Production and the areas of
articulation and phonological processes are differentiated. The standards for these two
areas of speech sound production are different. Articulation errors may only occur with
one particular sound but phonological errors must affect more than one sound from a
given sound class. When considering Articulation, you can serve “mild” cases if it is
documented that the articulation errors are affecting a child’s educational performance,
whether academic, social, or emotional. The Eligibility Standards require severity in
Phonological Processing to be moderate, severe or profound.
25. What period of time is allowed before services begin when an evaluation is completed
through a nonschool therapist (no prereferral completed)?
There should be no delay – if the appropriate information is available in the evaluation
report, and all of the components are present, which includes demonstration of need for
special education services.
26. Do I understand this correctly? Auditory processing is not considered to be a separate
disability. However, the Eligibility Standards indicate the impairment may be in one or
more areas: Receptive or Expressive Language and/or Auditory Processing.
The SpeechLanguage Eligibility Standards include auditory processing (auditory
perception) as a recognized area under Language Impairment. Auditory perceptual
areas such as memory, discrimination, following and interpreting directions, etc. should
not be confused with Central Auditory Processing Disorders (CAPD) which involve
disorders of the central auditory system. CAPD is not a recognized disability.
27. How significant is a total CELF score of 86 if all other indicators suggest a language
disorder?
The standardized score on a comprehensive test is only one component of a language
evaluation. The information gathered by measures such as checklists, observations,
interviews, review of records, etc. provide needed documentation for the presence or
absence of a language disorder.
28. Can a School Psychologist determine if a child meets eligibility standards for language?
NO – The School Psychologist cannot make that determination. The SLP should be a
member of the evaluation team and have assessed the student’s language skills. The
School Psychologist may be designated to complete a component of the assessment or
collaborate with the SLT to determine the most appropriate area of eligibility. The IEP
team determines the eligibility of a student.
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Specific Assessment questions
1. What language assessment should be used if the student’s chronological age is significantly
higher than his/her measured cognitive ability?
A functional communication measure may be the only viable way to evaluate the student.
Descriptive measures are more appropriate than standard scores. The Functional
Communication Rating Scale and the Teacher Input Functional Communication forms in the
Language Assessment Resources Packet are specifically designed for this purpose. The
SLT may choose to administer standardized measures that are normed on a younger
population and report descriptive findings rather than standard scores.
2. For lowfunctioning students, should some kind of formal testing be used such as the SICD or
SICDA in addition to informal observations? I have received many reports in the past stating
that they could not test and only included a small observational portion.
A standardized, comprehensive assessment tool, such as the Functional Communication
Profile or the REEL2, should be used in these cases. In this case, however, the informal
assessment/descriptive measures would constitute the majority of the assessment and the
evaluation report.
3. Could you review the reason why I was taught in school not to use ageequivalents in our
report writing?
Age equivalents do not represent the student’s relative performance to other students
nationally. The picture may be skewed with age equivalents. Standard scores level the
performance of students on the assessment based on a normal distribution of scores and
expected development in each area measured.
4. How do we document interventions for a child not enrolled in school such as “drivein”
Speech/ language therapy?
I assume that when you refer to “drivein" speech therapy, you are referring to children
(preschoolers, private school children, homeschooled children) who receive therapy and
have an IEP but are not enrolled in the school. Although we are unable to implement
interventions for these children since they are not enrolled in our schools, we must still obtain
teacher information in order to document the adverse effects of the child’s disability within the
student’s natural environment.
5. In considering Language Impairment as a part of Mental Retardation or Autism using the new
standards, a full or complete language assessment would not be necessary. Is it correct to
assume that SLPs can complete only observations, scales and tests that are deemed
necessary to determine the student’s functional level of communication?
A comprehensive language assessment is not required in this case provided observations,
checklists, etc. are sufficient to provide needed data for writing pertinent IEP goals and
objectives.
6. What comprehensive measure would you suggest for assessing auditory processing/
perception? All listed in the Assessment Instruments are listed as supplemental.
There is no comprehensive test that addresses only auditory processing/perception. If you
suspect a child does have an auditory disorder, you would still need to administer a
comprehensive test such as the CELF4, TOLDP: 3, etc. Most of the comprehensive tests do
address auditory skills in the subtests. You should still administer a supplemental test that
targets specific auditory perceptual/processing skills such as the TAPSR to provide
additional information. Descriptive/informal measures for classroom performance would also
be needed.
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Reevaluation/Dismissal (Exit from Special Education) Questions
1. Is it appropriate to exit a child from speech services after ageappropriate sounds have been
remediated and the remaining errors are developmental?
This is a decision that is best left to clinical judgment. If a student is stimulable for correct
production of the remaining error sounds and is making progress, the SLP may choose to
retain the student in therapy. If, however, the student is unable to produce the error sounds
over time, conduct a reevaluation review for consideration of exiting the student from special
education. Factors to be considered are the number of sounds in error, stimulability for
correct sound production, speech intelligibility and educational impact.
2. What do we do about students who are now receiving speech and language services and are
eligible with another disability when the standard scores for language are at or above the
I.Q.?
You may no longer use cognitive referencing when determining eligibility for language
services. You must look at the individual needs of the student. When a student’s re
evaluation review is conducted, the IEP team may choose to have a language evaluation to
determine current levels of functioning for that child and to document if continued services
are warranted. The IEP team must be cognizant that if it requests a formal, comprehensive
evaluation, the new eligibility standards are required.
3. If a student is evaluated and meets the eligibility standards for a Language Impairment but
the IEP team determines that needs can be met in the general education program, does the
child need to be reevaluated in 3 years to determine whether or not his needs continue to be
met?
If the IEP team determines the student does not meet eligibility standards, s/he does not
need to be reevaluated. However, at a later time the student can be referred again if
appropriate. At that time the process for initial evaluation begins.
4. Does the entire Reevaluation Summary Report need to be filled out when exiting a student
from Language and/or Speech services?
The State’s Reevaluation Summary Report has recently been updated and is available in
both Word Document and Electronic formats on the Special Education website at
http://www.tennessee.gov/education/speced/seassessment/. Sections I, II, and IV are
completed in full for all students. There are fourteen review pages available in Section III that
may be used for review of previous speech and language evaluations. The choice of Section
III pages depends on the specific assessments being reviewed (i.e., Language, Articulation,
Fluency, Voice, Autism, Developmental Delay and Preschool). The IEP team completes
section V after all data has been gathered and documented in Sections I, II, III, and IV. The
SLP should complete the appropriate assessment pages from Section III of this packet. The
SLP or other Special Education personnel, as appropriate, should complete Sections I, II, and
IV of the packet. Section V is completed when the IEP team meets and determination is
made as to if any more information is needed before continuing eligibility can be made. If no
additional information is needed, the IEP team must sign where appropriate. The
reevaluation process is followed whenever a change is made in services. The exception to
this requirement is when the student graduates from high school with a regular diploma.
5. What forms do we use to exit a student from special education services? Please clarify when
a child has corrected all speech sounds but still needs service for language. When a child is
receiving services through both resource and speech, how do you exit the child from speech
services but continue services in resource?
When a child is considered for discontinuation of special education services, a reevaluation is
needed if speech and/or language services are no longer to be provided. When a student
receives services for language and speech and speech is no longer an issue, follow the
procedures for a Reevaluation Review and determine eligibility for the child under the
language area only. A new Eligibility Report is completed by the IEP team to reflect this
change.
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Evaluation Timeline Questions
1. I was at a SLD standards workshop in May 2002, when the presenter talked about going
beyond the 40 school day timeline when the psychoeducational assessment results suggest
a possible Language Impairment. It was suggested that if the information gathered was
sufficient for eligibility as a student with Specific Learning Disabilities that the IEP team meet,
develop an IEP, then request an evaluation by the SLP. In this case the initial eligibility could
be changed, if needed. Wouldn’t this situation apply to SLPs who have documentation of a
Language Impairment and suspect a Specific Learning Disability?
YES – this would be a similar situation. In cases where the student is not eligible with a
Language Impairment and your assessment information indicates a possible Specific
Learning Disability, document the reasons for the extension of time, obtain the parent’s
informed permission on the Evaluation, Eligibility, Placement Timeline Extension Request
form and have the request for extended time submitted before the initial 40 school day period
has elapsed. This procedure applies to all assessment personnel under extenuating
circumstances. The Evaluation, Eligibility, Placement Timeline Extension Request form and
Instructions for the Evaluation, Eligibility, Placement Timeline Extension Request form can be
found on the web at http://state.tn.us/education/speced/seassessment.shtml#FormsEval.
2. Please help with this scenario: The IEP team meeting is held and a need for language
assessment was determined. In the process of the speechlanguage assessment, a
separate disability is suspected. At the 2 nd IEP meeting eligibility in Speech and/or Language
is determined and the suggestion is made to evaluate the other area of disability. At this
point the initial referral has been closed. If the IEP team agrees for assessment in the
second suspected area of disability, is an Evaluation, Eligibility, Placement Timeline
Extension Request needed?
NO – The IEP team can indicate on the IEP that assessment will be made in the second area
of suspected disability, the person(s) responsible, and the time needed for this evaluation.
The IEP team should reconvene to discuss the evaluation results, amend the Eligibility
Report (if needed) and revise the IEP when appropriate within the timeframe specified on the
IEP. Best practices would be that the time needed for this assessment should not exceed 40
school days.
3. If I have documentation supporting why I’m over 40 school days (e.g., the child does not pass
hearing screening and is being treated by a doctor or Audiologist) do I need an Evaluation,
Eligibility, Placement Timeline Extension Request?
YES – The Evaluation Timeline Evaluation, Eligibility, Placement Timeline Extension Request
and detailed instructions are on the Special Education Website and may be used with
approval from the Division of Special Education.
4. Can the Evaluation, Eligibility, Placement Timeline Extension Request form be used with
chronic middle ear problems that are difficult to resolve?
YES – The Evaluation, Eligibility, Placement Timeline Extension Request is first sent to the
parent for permission to extend the required 40 school day evaluation timeline with an
explanation for the purpose of evaluation delay. After permission is returned from the parent,
the Evaluation, Eligibility, Placement Timeline Extension Request is faxed to the State
Department of Education by the Special Education Supervisor for approval. This should all
be done before the 40 school day time limit allotted for evaluation has ended. The
Evaluation, Eligibility, Placement Timeline Extension Request is either approved or not
approved and faxed back to the Special Education Supervisor in order to avoid delays in the
student’s evaluation.
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Other Disability Considerations
1. Is it appropriate for a child suspected of selective mutism to be referred for a speech and
language evaluation?
According to the National Association of School Psychologists (ShiponBlum, 2002), selective
mutism (SM) is a complex childhood anxiety disorder characterized by a student’s inability to
speak in select social settings, such as school. It is not a symptom of a communication
disorder, developmental disorder such as Autism or Asperger’s Syndrome, or psychiatric
disorder such as schizophrenia. A speech and language evaluation may be warranted in
some cases. The best course of action is to confer with the School Psychologist, as an
assessment would only be valid once the child had begun to talk at school. An excellent
source of information in this area is the article by Elisa ShiponBlum entitled “When the words
just won’t come out” – understanding selective mutism”, National Association of School
Psychologists, February 2002.
2. How do we approach situations where parents refuse to have IQ testing done and say, “Oh
it’s very obvious that s/he is MR”?
If you suspect a student is a student with Mental Retardation and parents agree, you may
need to explain in more detail the regulations and requirements for making that eligibility
determination that includes a test of intellectual ability. This is not only useful for eligibility
determination but for program planning. If the student appears to be severely or profoundly
MR (i.e., ‘untestable’), s/he still needs to have an evaluation attempted and followed up with
an extensive functional observation.
3. (This question was submitted by a School Psychologist.) It was brought to my attention last
year that I should avoid determination of eligibility in SLD in the areas of Listening
Comprehension and Oral Expression and evaluate for Language Impairment instead –
meaning to involve the SLP and the comprehensive assessment of language. How should I
proceed in these cases?
The SLP and SP should collaborate whenever consideration is being made for the
identification of SLD in the areas of listening comprehension or oral expression.
4. Please explain the difference between a (1) learning disability in the area of listening
comprehension and oral expression and (2) a receptive or expressive language disorder.
The hallmark of a learning disability is a documented academic deficit as assessed by
achievement tests and lack of progress in the general education curriculum in the identified
academic deficit area after the student has been provided with scientifically researched
interventions over time with little or no progress. Language Impairment does not specifically
address academic deficits requiring discrepancy between cognition and achievement,
although the language impairment must adversely affect the student’s ability to progress in
the general education curriculum. This adverse effect may be documented through
classroom observations, checklists, student work samples, etc. It does not have to be
documented through standardized test scores, as is the case with a learning disability.
5. Do the new eligibility standards require that an SLP provide the language assessment for
Developmental Delay?
The SLP should be involved in the assessment of Developmental Delay whenever the
Communication Domain is suspected to be an area of significant weakness based on pre
assessment screening for that child. The Communication Domain score required for
Developmental Delay must be a combined or aggregate expressive/receptive standardized
measure.
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describes all cognitive abilities, including language, as being significantly deficient. On the
other hand, a student may be identified with Language Impairment and a Specific Learning
Disability as SLDs include significant deficit academic achievement levels and Language
Impairment does not.
7. Why don’t we list Language Impairment along with Autism on the Eligibility Report?
The diagnosis of Autism requires that the student have significant deficits in communication
and social interaction. It is redundant to list Language Impairment as a secondary disability.
8. If we evaluate language and eligibility is not due to a true language delay, (e.g., could be
SLD, Autism, MR, etc.), do we still determine eligibility for a Language Impairment as a
secondary disability and provide services to the student?
You would not add a secondary eligibility in this situation although you may serve that student
if the IEP team determines that there is a need for language services. The IEP team
determines the provision and kind of service (i.e., direct, consultation, collaboration, etc.). On
the census form for each student the type of services provided, the level or option of service,
and the service provider are documented.
9. Are you saying that you can use a secondary eligibility of language?
You can designate Language Impairment as a secondary disability if it is a distinct
impairment separate from another disability. In many cases the language problem can be
considered to be part of another disability (e.g., Mental Retardation, Autism, and
Developmental Delay). In that case, it would be inappropriate to list Language Impairment as
a secondary disability. Collaboration between the School Psychologist and the SLP will be
required to make this determination.
10. If you suspect another disability but the School Psychologist says that the child is too young
to be evaluated with an intelligence test or to assess academic performance, should you
accept this or push for additional testing?
Whenever the SLP or School Psychologist suspects a disability other than the original
disability considered, a consultation should be made among all appropriate assessment
specialists. The School Psychologist or other professionals (e.g., Occupational Therapist)
might provide the child’s Direct Observation in the classroom and obtain a more realistic
picture of the child’s functioning, in addition to the standardized assessment already
gathered.
11. What happens when parents refuse an eligibility determination of Autism or Mental
Retardation?
It is the professional responsibility of the IEP team to decide the most definitive eligibility
category for a child. If the IEP team has followed proper procedures for assessment, has
documentation to support the impairment, and all but the parent support the diagnosis, Due
Process procedures may be indicated.
12. How do we report a child on our census if eligibility is not determined as Language Impaired
(e.g., when the student has Autism or Mental Retardation?
The census form reflects the type and hours of service and the person responsible for
providing that service. The area of eligibility does not dictate the service a child is to receive.
13. Please further explain evaluation and assessment requirements for students with other
disabilities such as MR, Autism, ED, DD, etc. with regard to: 1) evaluate in all areas of
suspected disabilities and 2) determine appropriate service and programming.
Evaluation in all suspected areas of a disability begins with concerns from the referral
process. The IEP team decides (based on information from the referral) what areas should
be assessed. During the course of the assessment there may be other issues and questions
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that need to be addressed and more time may be required to diagnose the child. In that
case, the Evaluation, Eligibility, Placement Timeline Extension Request form could be used to
provide additional time to obtain relevant information when necessary. It is better to request
additional information and extend the evaluation when eligibility is in question than to
incorrectly identify a student and recommend a change in eligibility. When determining
appropriate services and programming for these students, the IEP team should identify goals
and objectives based on educational needs and then determine the levels of service and the
service providers for implementation of the IEP. The SLT may need only to provide
consultative or collaborative services for the student, depending on the nature of the delays.
IEP – LRE – Procedural Safeguards
1. Can a student receive speech and language services without a Speech and Language
Impairment eligibility?
YES – The IEP team determines services when a student is eligible for Special Education.
Therefore, it is possible that a student with a disability other than a Speech or Language
Impairment could receive speech and language services. For example, a student who is
identified with Mental Retardation or Autism may be enrolled in a speech and language class
if it is determined by the IEP team that that service is required in order for the student to meet
the goals and objectives on the IEP. Conversely, it is possible for a student with a Language
Impairment to receive resource or inclusion services if the IEP team determines that resource
is required in order for the student to meet the goals and objectives on the IEP. The SLP
determines if a student meets the standards for eligibility with Speech and Language
Impairment, but it is the IEP team that determines eligibility for Special Education services,
writes the goals and objectives and determines the type and amount of service required for
the student to meet those goals and objectives.
2. Can an IEP team determine that a child will receive language services without a speech and
language evaluation completed by a SLP?
Best practices would require a speech and language evaluation in order to determine if a
student does or does not have a Speech and Language Impairment according to the eligibility
standards. Such an evaluation would also provide areas of strength and weakness, which
would guide the IEP team in determining what IEP goals and objectives, would be
appropriate. The IEP must state a present level of performance for each area addressed,
therefore requiring assessment data. The present level of performance serves as the
rationale for the annual goal and the subsequent objectives. Descriptive information, rather
than test scores may be helpful in developing those IEP goals and objectives. It is also
appropriate for the SLP to advise the IEP team when writing communication goals and
objectives, if necessary, even if the student will not be enrolled in speech/language therapy.
3. Can a general education classroom teacher be the person responsible for implementation of
IEP goals?
The General Education teacher may be the person that implements the goals (i.e.,
modifications and accommodations in the classroom) when the student is being served
through a consultation service delivery model. However, special education personnel are
responsible for writing the IEP and assuring the appropriate implementation of the goals.
4. How does identifying a child as a student with Mental Retardation versus Language
Impairment affect following LRE guidelines and requirements?
Least restrictive environment (LRE) refers to service delivery or the student’s individual
program. It is not related to the disability eligibility standards.
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5. If my evaluation report states that the student does not meet eligibility standards for a Speech
and Language Impairment, how can I recommend speech and language services in the case
of students with MR, DD, etc.?
Disability category should be separated from service delivery. Once the IEP team
determines a student is eligible for any disability category, that student should receive Special
Education services based on the goals and objectives in the IEP. There is a continuum of
Special Education services available for students, including Resource, speech/language
therapy, etc. Those services are offered based on the IEP team’s judgment of what services
are required for that student to meet his/her specific goals and objectives. Although it is less
common, it is possible for a student to be identified with a disability and not be eligible for
Special Education because s/he can succeed in the general curriculum without those
services. That decision is documented on the Eligibility Report. When communication goals
and objectives are included, it is not necessarily the SLP who will be providing those
services. You may want to change the wording in your evaluation report to be more positive.
Instead of stating “s/he does not meet the eligibility standards for Speech and Language
Impairments,” you could state that the student’s performance in your assessment “supports
the identification of MR, DD, Autism, etc.”
6. Historically, children who are identified with Speech Impairments did not or could not receive
resource/ academic services in Special Education. If there is a significant educational impact
but no other disability, could a student identified with a Speech Impairment only (i.e.,
Articulation) be served by resource or other personnel on the IEP?
Articulation deficits can affect the student’s progress in the attainment of academic skills such
as reading, even though the student has not been identified with a Specific Learning
Disability. The determination of eligibility is necessary to receive Special Education services.
When the IEP team develops an individual program for each student, consideration should be
made for any appropriate services that would facilitate the student’s access to the general
education curriculum. When academic deficits in the classroom result from the identified
Speech Impairment, document those academic deficiencies and develop an appropriate IEP.
Services in the area of remedial sound production training would be the responsibility of the
SLP and services for remediation of related deficits could be provided through a Special
Education teacher.
7. On the State Census for funding, can SLTs be included as consultation/collaboration service
providers for these students?
SLTs providing consultation services to students who are not receiving direct services in
speech and/or language can be counted on the State Census for funding. The time spent in
consultation must be documented on the IEP and in the student’s file.
8. Regarding the parent as part of the evaluation team – what do we do when the parent cannot
be contacted, information is not returned from the parent, and the parent can not or will not
come to a meeting regarding evaluation completion?
Procedures in these cases would be identical to procedures described in Tennessee’s Rules,
Regulations and Minimum Standards for Special Education Services located on the Special
Education web at http://state.tn.us/education/speced/selegalservices.shtml. The LEA should
make every effort to obtain permission and get the parent into the school for both parental
input and discussion of assessment results at the IEP team meeting. Document all attempts
to obtain input from the parent and to include the parent in the IEP team meeting (i.e., notices
sent by the child, by U.S. Mail, telephone contacts, or attempted home visits). If there is no
response, send a registered notice through the U.S. Mail confirming the parent’s receipt of
the notice for all incomplete aspects of the assessment process up to and including the IEP
team meeting.
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9. Must all speech/language referrals go through the School Psychologist, including speech
sound production referrals?
NO – Referrals made for assessment in any area should be made to the appropriate
assessment specialist.
10. Please explain, “Disability does not determine service”. What would the SLP provide if a
student were not eligible under Speech/Language Impairment?
A good example of this concept can be found with a student with Autism. Even though a
Speech or Language Impairment is not listed as secondary, there may be several areas to
address such as social language issues, pragmatics, visual schedules, etc. The levels of
service (i.e., direct, consultation, collaboration) would be determined by the IEP team to best
meet that student’s educational needs.
11. Can students receive Special Education services (reading, language arts, math, etc.) under
the “Language Impairment” disability category?
Students can be served in a variety of Special Education programs based on specific needs
determined by the IEP team. It would be preferable to consult with the School Psychologist
to determine if another disability (i.e., Specific Learning Disabilities in Oral Expression or
Listening Comprehension) may more appropriately describe the reason for the student’s
academic deficits.
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