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Fluid Mechanics and Machinry-U2

The document discusses fluid mechanics and machinery topics across five units. It provides questions related to minor energy losses in pipes, Reynolds number ranges for laminar and turbulent flow, boundary layer concepts, hydraulic power transmission, model similitude, dimensional analysis, hydraulic turbine classification and performance parameters, and details on Pelton, Kaplan, and Francis turbines.

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82 views3 pages

Fluid Mechanics and Machinry-U2

The document discusses fluid mechanics and machinery topics across five units. It provides questions related to minor energy losses in pipes, Reynolds number ranges for laminar and turbulent flow, boundary layer concepts, hydraulic power transmission, model similitude, dimensional analysis, hydraulic turbine classification and performance parameters, and details on Pelton, Kaplan, and Francis turbines.

Uploaded by

sea
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINRY

UNIT-II
Part-A

1. List the causes of minor energy losses in flow through pipes.

2. Mention the range of Reynold’s number for laminar and turbulent flow in a pipe.

3. Define displacement thickness.

4. What is equivalent pipe?

5. What is a syphon? What are its applications?

Part-B

6. The velocity distribution in the boundary layer is given by u/U =y/δ, where u is the velocity at
a distance y from the plate u=U at y =δ, δ being boundary layer thickness. Find the
displacement thickness, momentum thickness and energy thickness.

7. A power transmission pipe 10 cm diameter and 500 m long is fitted with a nozzle at
the exit, the inlet is from a river with water level 60 m above the discharge nozzle.
Assume f = 0.02, calculate the maximum power which can be transmitted and the
diameter of nozzle required.

8. Two reservoirs whose water surface elevations differ by 12 m are connected by the following
horizontal compound pipe system starting from the high level reservoir. Take L1 = 200 m, D1 =
0.2 m, f1 = 0.008 and L2 = 500 m, D2 = 0.3 m, f2 = 0.006. Considering all head losses and
assuming that all changes of section are abrupt, compute the discharge through the system.
Find the equivalent length of a 0.25 m diameter pipe if minor losses are neglected and friction
factors are assumed to be the same. Sketch HGL and TEL.
FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINRY

UNIT-III
Part-A

1. State the Fourier law of dimensional homogeneity.

2. State three demerits of a distorted model.

3. Mention the similarities between model and prototype.

4. Define Froude’s number and Euler’s number

5. Explain the different types of similarities that must exist between a prototype and its model.

Part-B

6. The efficiency (η of a fan depends on ρ (density), μ (viscosity) of the fluid, Ѡ (angular


velocity), d (diameter of rotor) and Q (discharge). Express η in terms of non-dimensional
parameters. Use Buckingham's π .

7. A Ship 300m long moves in sea water, whose density is 1030 kg/m3 ,A1:100 model of ship is
to be tested in a wind tunnel. The velocity of air in the wind tunnel around the model is 30m/s
and the resistance of model is 60N. Determine the velocity of ship in sea water and also the

resistance of the ship in sea water. The density of air is given as 1.24g/m3 . Take the kinematic
viscosity of sea -water and air as 0.012 stokes and 0.018 respectively.

8. The characteristics of spillway are to be studied by means of a geometrically similar model


constituted to the ratio of 1:10 i) If the maximum rate of flow in the prototype is 28.3 m3/s
what will be the corresponding flow in the model?

ii) If the measured velocity in the model at a point on the spillway is 2.4m/s. What will be the
corresponding velocity in the prototype?

iii) If the energy dissipated per second in the model is 3.5J, what will be the energy that
will be dissipated in the prototype?

iv) If the hydraulic jump at the model is 50mm high, what will be the height of the jumping
prototype?
FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINRY

UNIT- V
Part-A

1. Classify turbines according to flow.

2. Classify the different types of draft tubes.

3. Prepare a short note on Governing of Turbines.

4. Define volumetric efficiency of turbine.

5. Define specific speed & unit speed of a turbine.

Part-B

6. A Pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 10 m/s with a jet of water flowing at the rate of
700 lps under a head of 30 m. The buckets deflect the jet through an angle of 160o. Identify the
power given by the water to the runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. Assume
coefficient of velocity as 0.98

7. A hub diameter of a Kaplan turbine, working under a head of 12 m, is 0.35 times the
diameter of the runner. The turbine is running at 100 rpm. If the vane angle of the runner at
outlet is 15° and flow ratio 0.6, Examined (i) diameter of the runner, (ii) diameter of the boss,
and (iii)Discharge through the runner. Take the velocity of whirl at outlet as zero.

8. The following data are given for a Francis turbine. Net head H = 60 m,speed N = 700 rpm,
Shaft power P = 294.3 KW, overall efficiency =84%, hydraulic efficiency = 93%, flow ratio = 0.20,
breadth ratio = 0.1,outer diameter of the runner = 2 x inner diameter of the runner, velocity

of flow is constant at inlet and outlet and discharge is radial at outlet.

Determine:

(i). Guide Blade angle.

(ii). Runner vane angle inner and outer.

(iii). Diameter of runner at inlet and outlet and

(iv). Width of the wheel at inlet

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