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CAPE HISTORY UNIT II European Settlement and Rivalry Past Paper Questions and Answers

European settlements in North America between 1600 and 1763 were influenced by both economic and social factors. [1] Economically, Europeans sought new sources of wealth through agriculture, trade of raw materials and furs, and fishing industries. [2] Socially, Europeans wanted to spread Christianity, offered religious tolerance as an incentive, and sought new opportunities due to systems of inheritance and population growth at home. [3] Rivalries between European powers like England, France, Spain and the Netherlands also impacted settlement patterns as they tried to establish colonies and supplant each other's influence in the region.

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797 views2 pages

CAPE HISTORY UNIT II European Settlement and Rivalry Past Paper Questions and Answers

European settlements in North America between 1600 and 1763 were influenced by both economic and social factors. [1] Economically, Europeans sought new sources of wealth through agriculture, trade of raw materials and furs, and fishing industries. [2] Socially, Europeans wanted to spread Christianity, offered religious tolerance as an incentive, and sought new opportunities due to systems of inheritance and population growth at home. [3] Rivalries between European powers like England, France, Spain and the Netherlands also impacted settlement patterns as they tried to establish colonies and supplant each other's influence in the region.

Uploaded by

Joshua Black
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CAPE HISTORY UNIT II

EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT AND RIVALRY


PAST PAPER QUESTIONS

Examine the social and economic factors that influenced European settlements in North
America between 1600 and 1763. (30 marks)

ECONOMIC:
1. A desire to acquire overseas land as a source of agricultural wealth/raw materials,
which would enhance trade and income for metropolitan interests.
2. The search for non-European sources of mineral wealth to enhance fortunes and
contribute to political power of metropolitan interests.
3. The English were specifically interested in planting colonies in territories in vast
expanses of virgin land on which economically viable crops such as tobacco could
translate into wealth for the private investment companies/joint stock companies
which financed the ventures, for e.g. Virginia.
4. The fur trade industry was one of the earliest and most important industries in North
America. By the late 1500s a great demand for fur had developed in Europe. This
demand encouraged exploration of North America. The demand for beaver fur
increased rapidly in the 1600s when fashionable European men began to wear felt
hats made from beaver fur. Such furs as fox mink and others were also traded.
Because of the lucrative fur trade traders and trappers explored much of North
America in search of fur. They built trading posts in the wilderness and settlements
grew up around many of these posts such as Detroit in the United States of America
and Winnipeg in Canada.
5. There were abundant supplies of fish in the seas around Nova Scotia, southern
Labrador and Newfoundland. Herrings played a pivotal role in the history of marine
fisheries in Europe. Herrings are known for their schooling habits and were known to
be in the waters of the North Pacific and the North Atlantic Oceans. This made North
America even more attractive because these waters stretched beyond its coasts which
could be used as trading posts and rest stops.

SOCIAL
1. Desire to spread Christianity
2. The promise of a climate of religious toleration
3. Law of primogeniture – this led to the exclusion of the younger sons of the
nobility from inheritance. This created a pool of potential adventurers who
sought their fortunes in lands overseas
4. The Enclosure Movement in Britain resulted in the dislocation of common
people and encouraged the movement overseas.

2008document based question (Trinidad re-sit paper)

1. Explain briefly one way in which the King of Spain was “troublesome in
Christendom”. (3 marks)
 Spain used her wealth to finance wars in Europe
 Spain was religious oriented
 Other European powers were jealous of Spain

The Lord if my Shepherd! 1


2. Outline THREE strategies used by England to “supplant” in the West Indies.
(9 marks)
 Established colonies e.g. Barbados and St. Kitts – claiming them as their own
 Piracy – attacked Spanish ships/buccaneering e.g. Sir Francis Drake
 Through the western design Britain captured Jamaica.

3. Briefly explain why England wished to destroy the plantations of Martinique and
Guadeloupe. (6 marks)
 Britain and France were rivals – both competed for colonies
 Britain and France desired to be a world power
 Britain and France produced the same crops; therefore, Britain wanted to end
this competition because it meant cheaper prices. Hence, Britain wanted to
weaken France.

4. Explain what the Dutch man was “a friend of all new colonies of...what nations
soever” (6 marks)
 The Dutch came to the Caribbean to weaken Spain so that the Netherlands
would get independence.
 They wanted to increase trade.
 They allied with other non-Hispanic countries against Spain.

5. Explain how the Dutch aided the first English settlers in the Caribbean. (6 marks)
 Offered credit to these colonists until their crops matured
 Provided a market for the goods produced by the colonists
 Provided illegal shipping/trading for the colonies
 Helped to defend them against Spain.
 The Dutch provided agricultural knowledge from their experience in Brazil.

The Lord if my Shepherd! 2

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