EMERGENCY
METHODS
OF
EVACUATING
CASUALTIES
WITHOUT
EQUIPMENT
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The Standards
1
INTRODUCTION
Non-Risky situation
• Package casualties wherever possible
• evacuate casualties with stretchers
• ensures comfort or minimize the suffering of the
casualties
Emergency or risky situation
• No time for stretchers or construct improvised
stretchers
• The casualties must be removed quickly
• Manual carrying techniques must be used
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Understand the correct technique to
be applied on the casualty
• Execute the correct method of
carrying the casualty
• Demonstrate the necessary safety
measures taken to prevent injury to
the rescuers
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SCOPE
• Introduction
• Factors influencing methods used
• Demonstration of Emergency methods of
evacuating casualties without equipment:
Part 1 - General surface region
Part 2 - Confined spaces
• Safety
• Conclusion
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FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE METHODS USED
The methods employed will depend on a
combination of the following factors:
a. Type and severity of the injuries
b. Casualty’s status
• conscious
• unconscious
c. Weight of the casualty
d. Availability of rescuers
e. Distance and route
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GENERAL RULE
• Search should commence at the point of the
greatest survival rate
• In multi-story buildings, search should start
from the top and work your way down
• Common places where casualties are found:
a) Near doors
b) Near windows
c) At staircases
d) In the restrooms
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Part 1 - Emergency casualty evacuation
from surface area
One Man Operations
Fireman’s Lift
•Light casualty
- unconscious
Fore Method
•Casualty of similar weight or
heavier than rescuer
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The Cradle
Light-weight
casualties or
children
The Pick-a-back
Casualty is able to hang on
Will not lose consciousness
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Backward drag
• Casualty too heavy
to be lifted
The Human Crutch
•Casualty can walk
with assistance
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2-man operations
The Human Crutch
•Casualty can walk with assistance
The Fore & Aft
•Casualty is unable to walk
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Two Handed Seat
• Casualty need to be carried rather
than dragged
• Casualty’s weight beyond the
capability of 1 rescuer
3-Handed Seat
Useful when rescuer needs a free
hand
Can support casualty’s injured 11leg
Building
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4-Handed Seat
casualties need to be carried rather than dragged
Casualty’s weight beyond the capability of 1
person
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Part 2 - Emergency casualty evacuation
from confined spaces
a) Forward Drag (Rescue Crawl or Neck Drag)
b) Cross Chest Method
c) Collar Pull
d) Leg Pull
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Forward Drag or Rescue Crawl
or Neck Drag - (casualty without hand injury)
•Tie casualty’s
arms securely
at both wrists with
triangularbandages
•Kneel astride
•pass head through
casualty’s arms
•straighten arms
to lift casualty
•drag out casualty
by crawling
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Forward Drag or Rescue Crawl
or Neck Drag - (casualty with hand injuries)
•Pass belt, rope or
triangular bandage
under casualty near
armpits.
•Kneel astride
•Pass loop over head.
•Straighten arms.
•Drag casualty forward
by crawling
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Cross-chest method
Casualty is unconscious
with minor injuries
•Lift casualty to sitting
position
• sit behind casualty with
both leg apart •Place casualty’s hands
crossed across chest with
fingers on shoulders
•insert arm under the
casualty’s armpit and hold
the outer arm of casualty
•Drag out casualty backward
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The Standards
Collar pull method
•Employed when earlier methods cannot be
used.
•Casualty’s head is positioned in direction of
exit
Leg pull method
•Last resort in very confined spaces under life
threatening situation.
•Leg in direction of exit and casualty cannot be
repositioned.
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• Put on all safety gears
• Always work in pairs
• Bring along a torch
• Attach a life line to the rescuer
• Take extra care when using edged tools
• Ensure the the proper placement of the feet for
the selected techniques
• The correct method of lifting and gripping
must be adhered
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• Ensure that the method selected does not
suffocate the casualty
• Put on breathing apparatus set, if
necessary
• Provide spare oxygen tanks
• Obey all instructions
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CONCLUSION
•Rescuing of casualties may be conducted under
any conceivably adverse conditions.
•Methods employed will depend location and type
of injury sustained.
•Remember objective of rescue operations is to save
and prevent further loss of lives.
•Speed is essential, but must be consistent with
safety and proper handling of casualties.
•Ensure personal safety, as accidents and injuries to
rescuers may jeopardise the whole operations.
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The Standards
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