Solutions Manual for Electronics Fundamentals A Systems Approach 1st Edition by Floyd
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CHAPTER 3
OHM’S LAW, ENERGY, AND POWER
BASIC PROBLEMS
SECTION 3-1 Ohm’s Law
1. I is directly proportional to V and will change the same percentage as V.
(a) I = 3(1 A) = 3 A
(b) I = 1 A (0.8)(1 A) = 1 A 0.8 A = 0.2 A
(c) I = 1 A + (0.5)(1 A) = 1 A + 0.5 A = 1.5 A
2. (a) When the resistance doubles, the current is halved from 100 mA to 50 mA.
(b) When the resistance is reduced by 30%, the current increases from 100 mA to
I = V/0.7R = 1.429(V/R) = (1.429)(100 mA) 143 mA
(c) When the resistance is quadrupled, the current decreases from 100 mA to 25 mA.
3. Tripling the voltage triples the current from 10 mA to 30 mA, but doubling the resistance
halves the current to 15 mA.
SECTION 3-2 Application of Ohm’s Law
V 5V V 15 V
4. (a) I= =5A (b) I= = 1.5 A
R 1 R 10
V 50 V V 30 V
(c) I= = 0.5 A (d) I= = 2 mA
R 100 R 15 k
V 250 V
(e) I= = 53.2 A
R 4.7 M
V 9V V 5.5 V
5. (a) I= = 3.33 mA (b) I= = 550 A
R 2.7 k R 10 k
V 40 V V 1 kV
(c) I= = 588 A (d) I= = 500 mA
R 68 k R 2 k
V 66 kV
(e) I= = 6.60 mA
R 10 M
V 12 V
6. I= = 1.2 A
R 10
12
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V 25 V V 5V
7. (a) I= = 2.50 mA (b) I= = 2.27 A
R 10 k R 2.2 M
V 15 V
(c) I= = 8.33 mA
R 1.8 k
8. Orange, violet, yellow, gold, brown 37.4 ± 1%
VS 12 V
I= = = 0.321 A
R 37.4 Ω
24 V
9. I= = 0.642 A
37.4 Ω
0.642 A is greater than 0.5 A, so the fuse will blow.
10. (a) V = IR = (2 A)(18 ) = 36 V (b) V = IR = (5 A)(47 ) = 235 V
(c) V = IR = (2.5 A)(620 ) = 1550 V (d) V = IR = (0.6 A)(47 ) = 28.2 V
(e) V = IR = (0.1 A)(470 ) = 47 V
11. (a) V = IR = (1 mA)(10 ) = 10 mV (b) V = IR = (50 mA)(33 ) = 1.65 V
(c) V = IR = (3 A)(4.7 k) = 14.1 kV (d) V = IR = (1.6 mA)(2.2 k) = 3.52 V
(e) V = IR = (250 A)(1 k) = 250 mV (f) V = IR = (500 mA)(1.5 M) = 750 kV
(g) V = IR = (850 A)(10 M) = 8.5 kV (h) V = IR = (75 A)(47 ) = 3.53 mV
12. V = IR = (3 A)(20 m) = 60 mV
13. (a) V = IR = (3 mA)(27 k) = 81 V (b) V = IR = (5 A)(100 M) = 500 V
(c) V = IR = (2.5 A)(47 ) = 117.5 V
V 10 V V 90 V
14. (a) R= =5 (b) R= =2
I 2A I 45 A
V 50 V V 5.5 V
(c) R= = 10 (d) R= = 0.55
I 5A I 10 A
V 150 V
(e) R= = 300
I 0.5 A
V 10 kV V 7V
15. (a) R= = 2 k (b) R= = 3.5 k
I 5A I 2 mA
V 500 V V 50 V
(c) R= = 2 k (d) R= = 100 k
I 250 mA I 500 A
V 1 kV
(e) R= = 1 M
I 1 mA
13
V 6V
16. R= = 3 k
I 2 mA
V 8V V 12 V
17. (a) R= =4 (b) R= = 3 k
I 2A I 4 mA
V 30 V
(c) R= = 0.2 M = 200 k
I 150 A
V 3.2 V
18. I= = = 0.82 A
R 3.9
SECTION 3-3 Energy and Power
W 26 J
19. P= = = 2.6 W
t 10 s
20. Since 1 watt = 1 joule, P = 350 J/s = 350 W
W 7500 J
21. P=
t 5h
7500 J 1 h 7500 J
= 0.417 J/s = 417 mW
5 h 3600s 18,000s
22. (a) 1000 W = 1 103 W = 1 kW (b) 3750 W = 3.750 103 W = 3.75 kW
(c) 160 W = 0.160 103 W = 0.160 kW (d) 50,000 W = 50 103 W = 50 kW
23. (a) 1,000,000 W = 1 106 W = 1 MW (b) 3 106 W = 3 MW
(c) 15 107 W = 150 106 W = 150 MW (d) 8700 kW = 8.7 106 W = 8.7 MW
24. (a) 1 W = 1000 103 W = 1000 mW (b) 0.4 W = 400 103 W = 400 mW
(c) 0.002 W = 2 103 W = 2 mW (d) 0.0125 W = 12.5 103 W = 12.5 mW
25. (a) 2 W = 2,000,000 W (b) 0.0005 W = 500 W
(c) 0.25 mW = 250 W (d) 0.00667 mW = 6.67 W
26. (a) 1.5 kW = 1.5 103 W = 1500 W (b) 0.5 MW = 0.5 106 W = 500,000 W
(c) 350 mW = 350 103 W = 0.350 W (d) 9000 W = 9000 106 W = 0.009 W
14
W
27. P in watts
t
W
V
Q
Q
I
t
W
P VI
t
So, (1 V)(1 A) = 1 W
W 1J
28. P =1W
t 1s
1000 J
1 kW = 1000 W =
1s
1 kW-second = 1000 J
1 kWh = 3600 1000 J
1 kWh = 3.6 106 J
SECTION 3-4 Power in an Electric Circuit
29. P = VI = (5.5 V)(3 mA) = 16.5 mW
30. P = VI = (115 V)(3 A) = 345 W
31. P = I2R = (500 mA)2(4.7 k) = 1.18 kW
32. P = I2R = (5.0 A)2(20 10-3 ) = 500 mW
V 2 (60 V)2
33. P= = 5.81 W
R 620
V 2 (1.5 V)2
34. P= = 0.0402 W = 40.2 mW
R 56
35. P = I2R
P 100 W
R= 2 = 25
I (2 A)2
15
36. 5 106 watts for 1 minute = 5 103 kWmin
5 103 kWmin
= 83.3 kWh
60 min/1 hr
6700 W/s
37. = 0.00186 kWh
(1000 W/kW)(3600 s/h)
38. (50 W)(12 h) = 600 Wh
50 W = 0.05 kW
(0.05 kW)(12 h) = 0.6 kWh
V 1.25 V
39. I = 0.125 A
RL 10
P = VI = (1.25 V)(0.125 A) = 0.156 W = 156 mW
W
40. P=
t
156 mJ
156 mW =
1s
Wtot (156 mJ/s)(90 h)(3600 s/h) = 50,544 J
SECTION 3-5 The Power Rating of Resistors
41. P = I2R = (10 mA)2(6.8 k) = 0.68 W
Use the next highest standard power rating of 1 W.
42. If the 8 W resistor is used, it will be operating in a marginal condition.
To allow for a safety margin of 20%, use a 12 W resistor.
SECTION 3-6 Energy Conversion and Voltage Drop in a Resistance
43. (a) + at top, at bottom of resistor (b) + at bottom, at top of resistor
(c) + on right, on left of resistor
SECTION 3-7 Power Supplies and Batteries
44. VOUT = PL RL (1 W)(50 ) = 7.07 V
45. Ampere-hour rating = (1.5 A)(24 h) = 36 Ah
16
80 Ah
46. I= =8A
10 h
650 mAh
47. I= = 13.5 mA
48 h
48. PLOST = PIN POUT = 500 mW 400 mW = 100 mW
P 400 mW
% efficiency = OUT 100% 100% = 80%
PIN 500 mW
49. POUT = (efficiency)PIN = (0.85)(5 W) = 4.25 W
SECTION 3-8 Introduction to Troubleshooting
Troubleshootinhg
50. The 4th bulb from the left is open.
51. If should take five (maximum) resistance measurements.
ADVANCED PROBLEMS
52. Assume that the total consumption of the power supply is the input power plus the power lost.
POUT = 2 W
P
% efficiency = OUT 100%
PIN
POUT 2W
PIN = 100% 100% = 3.33 W
% efficiency 60%
The power supply itself uses
PIN POUT = 3.33 W 2 W = 1.33 W
Energy = W = Pt = (1.33 W)(24 h) = 31.9 Wh 0.032 kWh
V 120 V
53. Rf = = 150
I 0.8 A
17
54. Measure the current with an ammeter connected as shown in Figure 3-1. Then calculate the
unknown resistance with the formula, R = 12 V/I.
Figure 3-1
55. Calculate I for each value of V:
0V 10 V
I1 = =0A I2 = = 100 mA
100 100
20 V 30 V
I3 = = 200 mA I4 = = 300 mA
100 100
40 V 50 V
I5 = = 400 mA I6 = = 500 mA
100 100
60 V 70 V
I7 = = 600 mA I8 = = 700 mA
100 100
80 V 90 V
I9 = = 800 mA I10 = = 900 mA
100 100
100 V
I11 = =1A
100
The graph is a straight line as shown in
Figure 3-2. This indicates a linear
relationship between I and V.
Figure 3-2
18
VS 1V
56. R= = 200
I 5 mA
VS 1.5 V VS 2V
(a) I= = 7.5 mA (b) I= = 10 mA
R 200 R 200
VS 3V VS 4V
(c) I= = 15 mA (d) I= = 20 mA
R 200 R 200
VS 10 V
(e) I= = 50 mA
R 200
V 1V V 1V V 1V
57. R1 = = 0.5 R2 = =1 R3 = =2
I 2A I 1A I 0.5 A
V2 10 V
58.
30 mA 50 mA
(10 V)(30 mA)
V2 = = 6 V new value
50 mA
The voltage decreased by 4 V, from 10 V to 6 V.
59. The current increase is 50%, so the voltage increase must be the same; that is, the voltage must
be increased by (0.5)(20 V) = 10 V.
The new value of voltage is V2 = 20 V + (0.5)(20 V) = 20 V + 10 V = 30 V
(10.4CM /ft)(24ft)
60. Wire resistance: RW = = 0.154
1624.3CM
V 6V
(a) I = 59.9 mA
R RW 100.154
(b) VR = (59.9 mA)(100 ) = 5.99 V
(c) VRW = 6 V 5.99 V = 0.01 V
0.01 V
For one length of wire, V = = 0.005 V
2
61. 300 W = 0.3 kW
30 days = (30 days)(24 h/day) = 720 h
Energy = (0.3 kW)(720 h) = 216 kWh
1500 kWh
62. = 48.39 kWh/day
31 days
48.39kWh/day
P = = 2.02 kW
24 h/day
19
63. The minimum power rating you should use is 12 W so that the power dissipation does not
exceed the rating.
V 2 (12 V) 2
64. (a) P= = 14.4 W
R 10
(b) W = Pt = (14.4 W)(2 min)(1/60 h/min) = 0.48 Wh
(c) Neither, the power is the same because it is not time dependent.
65. VR(max) = 120 V 100 V = 20 V
VR (max) 20 V
Imax = = 2.5 A
Rmin 8
A fuse with a rating of less than 2.5 A must be used. A 2 A fuse is recommended.
P 0.5 W
66. I 4.08 A
R 0.030
67. Power will increase by four times.
66. The materials required for the Load Test Box are as follows:
Item Component Qty
1 Resistor: 5.0 , 10 W 1
2 Resistor: 16 , 5 W 1
3 Resistor: 100 , 2.0 W 1
4 Resistor: 150 , 3.0 W 1
5 1 pole, 4 position rotary switch 1
6 Knob 1
7 Enclosure (4” x 4” 2” Al) 1
8 Banana plug terminals 2
9 Fuse (1.5 A) and fuse holder 1
10 PC board (etched with pattern) 1
11 Screws, washers, nuts 4
12 Standoffs 4
20
Solutions Manual for Electronics Fundamentals A Systems Approach 1st Edition by Floyd
Full Download: https://downloadlink.org/p/solutions-manual-for-electronics-fundamentals-a-systems-approach-1st-edition-by-floy
69. See Figure 3-3.
Figure 3-3
Multisim Troubleshooting Problems
Troubleshootinhg
70. R is open.
71. No fault
72. R1 is shorted.
73. Lamp 4 is shorted.
74. Lamp 6 is open.
21
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