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Communication Processes

This document discusses principles and models of effective communication. It defines communication and explains it is a process of transferring information between a sender and receiver. It introduces Aristotle's model of a speaker delivering a speech to an audience. It also explains Laswell's model that analyzes who says what through which channel to whom with what effect. The document discusses principles for effective oral and written communication, including being clear, concise, complete, and considerate of the audience. It outlines the 7Cs of effective communication as completeness, conciseness, consideration, concreteness, clarity, correctness, and courtesy. Finally, it discusses ethical considerations in communication like integrity, respect, freedom of expression, and accountability.

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Regean Ellorimo
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148 views57 pages

Communication Processes

This document discusses principles and models of effective communication. It defines communication and explains it is a process of transferring information between a sender and receiver. It introduces Aristotle's model of a speaker delivering a speech to an audience. It also explains Laswell's model that analyzes who says what through which channel to whom with what effect. The document discusses principles for effective oral and written communication, including being clear, concise, complete, and considerate of the audience. It outlines the 7Cs of effective communication as completeness, conciseness, consideration, concreteness, clarity, correctness, and courtesy. Finally, it discusses ethical considerations in communication like integrity, respect, freedom of expression, and accountability.

Uploaded by

Regean Ellorimo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Communication

Principles, Processes,
and Ethics
• The term „communication‟ is
derived from the Latin word
“communis‟ which means common.
• Later, communication means to
inform , to tell , to show or to spread
information.
• Communication is a process though
which an Information idea or opinion is
transferred to more number of persons .
• If information is communicated to only
one person , it will also be termed as
communication.
• Intended communication refers to
planning what and how you
communicate your ideas to other people
• Unintended communication happens
when you unintentionally send non-
verbal messages to people you are
communicating with, or when you
suddenly make negative remarks out of
frustration or anger
Communication
Process
Communication
Models
What is a model?
• A model is often abstract.
• It is a representation of a real world
phenomenon applied to different forms.
ARISTOTLE’S MODEL

Speaker Speech Audience


Laswell’s Communication
Model
• Though Lasswell’s model was developed
to analyze mass communication, this
model is used for interpersonal
communication or group communication
to be disseminated message to various
groups in various situations.
Disadvantages and Criticisms
of Lasswell’s Model
• The major criticism of Lasswell’s Model
is that it does not include feedback and
it ignores the possibility of noise.
• Lasswell’s model is very linear and does
not consider barriers in the
communication process.
• The model is also criticized for being
very general and only including very
traditional topics.
Helical Model
General Principles
of Effective
Communication
1. Know your purpose in
communicating.
2. Know your audience.
3. Know your topic.
4. Adjust your speech or writing to
the context of the situation
5. Work on the feedback given you
Principles of Effective Oral
Communication

1. Be clear with your purpose.


2. Be complete with the message you
deliver.
3. Be concise.
4. Be natural with your delivery.
5. Be specific and timely with your
feedback.
The 7Cs of Effective
Communication
Completeness
• It is the : Who, What, Where, When,
How
• Your message is "complete" when it
contains all facts the reader or listener
needs to react to your desire outcome.
• Remember that communicators differ in
their mental filters; they are influenced
by their backgrounds, viewpoints, needs,
attitudes, status, and emotions.
Conciseness
• A concise message saves time and
expense for both sender and receiver.
• Conciseness is saying what you have to
say in the fewest possible words without
sacrificing the other C qualities.
• Eliminate wordy expressions.
• Include only relevant statements.
• Avoid unnecessary repetition.
– Add on: Check the flow of your information.
Consideration
• means that you prepare every message
with the recipient in mind and try to put
yourself in his or her place.
• This thoughtful consideration is also
called “you-attitude” - empathy, the
human touch, and understanding of
human nature.
• The most important of all Cs
Concreteness
• Communicating concretely means
being specific, definite, and vivid
rather than vague and general.
• The following guidelines should
help you compose concrete,
convincing messages:
– Use specific facts and figures.
– Put action in your verbs.
– Choose vivid, image-building words
Clarity
• means getting your message across so the
receiver will understand what you are trying to
convey.
• Here are some specific ways to help make your
messages clear:
– Choose short, familiar, conversational words.
– Construct effective sentences and paragraphs.
– Achieve appropriate readability (and listen-ability).
– Include examples, illustrations, and other visual
aids
Correctness
• The correctness principle comprises
more than proper grammar,
punctuation, and spelling.
• A message may be perfect
grammatically and mechanically but
still insult or lose a customer (internal &
external) and fail to achieve its purpose.
Courtesy
• Courteous messages help to strengthen
present business friendships, as well as
make new friends.
• Courtesy stems from sincere you-attitude.
– Be sincerely tactful, thoughtful, and
appreciative.
– Omit expressions that irritate, hurt, or
belittle.
– Grant and apologize good-naturedly.
Ethics of
Communication
• Discuss with your groupmates what are
ethical considerations that are
important to note in effective
communication.
• Share to the class the insights of your
group.
Ethical Considerations for
Effective Communication
• Uphold integrity.
• Respect diversity of perspective and
privacy
• Observe freedom of expression
effectively
• Promote access to communication
• Be open-minded
• Develop your sense of accountability
Task
• View on YouTube the speech of
President Rodrigo Duterte at Philippine
China Trade and Investment Forum
Beijing, China on October 20, 2016.
• Do you think the principle of oral
communication were followed? Which
ones were followed? Which ones were
not?
• What advice would you give to make the
speaker more effective?

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