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1. The document contains 10 problems related to electrical transformers. They involve calculating voltages, impedances, turns ratios, efficiencies, and core losses given various transformer specifications and operating conditions. 2. The problems require using transformer equations relating voltage, turns ratio, impedance and other variables to solve for unknown values. 3. Core loss calculations involve separating hysteresis and eddy current losses and using relationships between frequency, flux density and the loss components.

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171 views4 pages

Distributions

1. The document contains 10 problems related to electrical transformers. They involve calculating voltages, impedances, turns ratios, efficiencies, and core losses given various transformer specifications and operating conditions. 2. The problems require using transformer equations relating voltage, turns ratio, impedance and other variables to solve for unknown values. 3. Core loss calculations involve separating hysteresis and eddy current losses and using relationships between frequency, flux density and the loss components.

Uploaded by

Reparr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Suppose that a transformer has a primary-to-secondary turns ratio of exactly 9:1.

The
AC voltage at the primary is 117 V rms. Is this a step-up transformer or a step-down
transformer? What is the voltage across the secondary?
Step-down Transformer:
Solution:
Epri T pri
=
Esec T sec
117 9
=
Esec 1

1 9
=
Esec 117

Esec =13.0 V rms


2. Consider a transformer with a primary-to-secondary turn ratio of exactly 1:9. The voltage
at the primary is 121.4 V rms. Is this a step-up transformer or a step-down transformer?
What is the voltage across the secondary?
Step-up Transformer:
Solution:
Epri T pri
=
Esec T sec
121.4 1
=
Esec 9

Esec =121.4(9)

Esec = 1093 rms


3. Consider a situation in which a transformer is needed to match an input impedance of
50.0, purely resitive, to an output impedance of 300, also purely resistive. What is the
T pri
required turns ratio ?
T sec
Solution:
1/2
T pri Zpri
=( )
T sec Zsec

T pri 50.0 1
=( )
T sec 300
2
T pri 1
=
T sec 2.45
4. Suppose a transformer has primary-to-secondary turn ratio of 4.00:1. The load,
connected to the transformer output, is a pure resistance of 37.5. What is the
impedance of the primary?
Solution:
2
Zpri Tpri
=
Zsec Tsec( )
Zpri 4.00 2
=
37.5 1 ( )
Zpri=600

5. Suppose an antenna has a purely resistive impedance of 100. It is connected to ¼ -


wave section of 75- coaxial cable. What is the impedance at the input end of the
section?
Solution:

( Zo )2
R in =
R out

(75) 2
R in =
100
R in = 56

6. Consider an antenna known to have a purely resistive impedance of 600. You want to
match it to the output of a radio transmitter designed to work into a 50.0- pure
resistance. What is the characteristic impedance needed for a quarter-wave matching
section?
Solution:
1
Z=( R in ( Rout ) )2
1
2
Z=(600 ( 50 ) )
Z = 173
7. The maximum flux density in the core of a 3000/240-V, 50 Hz single phase distribution
transformer is 1.25 Tesla. If the voltage induced per turn is 8 volts, determine the cross
sectional of the core in c m 2.

Solution:
3000
Np= = 375 turns
8
Ep =4.44 N p f p m A

Ep
A=
4.44 Np f p m
Ep
A=
4.44 N p f p m
3000
A=
4.44(375)(50)(1.25)
A= 288 c m 2

8. The net cross section of transformer in 20 i n 2. The maximum flux density is 11


kilogausses. The frequency is 60 Hz. If there are 1,000 turns in the primary, determine
the primary induced emf.
Solution:

2.54cm 2
A= 20 i n ×
2
( 1in ) =129 c m 2

Ep =4.44 N p f p m A

Ep =4.44 (1000)(60)(129)× 10 -8
Ep =3780V
9. The core loss of a 5 kVA single-phase transformer with normal voltage applied to the
primary is 75 watts. The maximum efficiency occurs at 60% of full load kVA. What is the
full load efficiency of the transformer at 0.80 power factor?
Solution:

Pcu = Pco = ( size )2 Pcu


m FL

75= ( 0.6 )2 Pcu FL

Pcu =208.33
FL

Pout =Rating ( pf ) =5,000 ( 0.8 ) =4000 W


FL

Pout 4000
η= = ×100%
Pout + Pcu + Pco 4000+208.33+75
η=93.38%
10. When a 220 V, 60 Hz is impressed on a certain transformer at no load, the total core
loss is 200 W. When the frequency of the impressed voltage is changed to 25 Hz and
the magnitude of the voltage is made such as to maintain the same maximum flux
density as before, the core loss falls to 75 W. Calculate the hysteresis losses at 60 Hz.
Solution:

Pco = Pe + P h = ke f 2 + k h f

200= k e ( 60 )2 + k h (60 )

k e =0.0555-0.01667 k h ⟹(1 )

75= k e ( 25 )2 + k h (25)

k e =0.12-0.04 k e ⟹ (2 )

0.0555-0.01667 k h =0.12-0.04 k h

k h =2.76 5

P h = ( 2.765 ) ( 60 ) =165.9 W

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