Chapter 10 Conics

8. AB 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2
10-1 Introduction to Analytic Geometry 5 Ïw (6 2 3w
)2 1 (2w
2 4)2
5 Ï13w
Pages 619–620 Check for Understanding wB
slope of A w
1. negative distances have no meaning y2 2 y1
m5} }
x 2x
2. Use the distance formula to show that the 2
224
1
2
6 2 3 or 2 3
5}
measure of the distance from the midpoint to } }}

either endpoint is the same. DC 5 Ïw

(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2
w
aÏ5
3a. Yes; the distance from B to A is }2} and the 5 Ïw (8 2 5w
)2 1 (7w
2 9)2
aÏw5
distance from B to C is also }2}. 5 Ï13w
3b. Yes; the distance from B to A is Ïw a2 1 b2w and wC
slope of D w
the distance from C to A is also Ïw a2 1 b2w. y2 2 y1
m5} }
3c. No; the distance from A to B is Ïw a2 1 b2w, the x 2x 2 1
729 2
distance from A to C is a 1 b, and the distance 8 2 5 or 2 3
5} } }}
from B to C is bÏ2 w.
wB
Yes; A w>D wCw since AB 5 Ï13w and DC 5 Ï13 w,
4. (1) Show that two pairs of opposite sides are 2
and AwB
w\D wCw since the slope of A
wBw is 2}3} and the
parallel by showing that slopes of the lines 2
through each pair of opposite sides are equal. slope of w
DCw is also 2}3}.
(2) Show that two pairs of opposite sides are 9. XY 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2
congruent by showing that the distance 5 Ïw
[21 2w(23)]2w
1 (2w
6 2 2w
)2
between the vertices forming each pair of
5 Ï68
w or 2Ï17
w
opposite sides are equal.
(3) Show that one pair of opposite sides is parallel XZ 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2
and congruent by showing that the slopes of 5 Ïw [5 2 (w
23)]2 w
1 (0 2w2)2
the lines through that pair of sides are equal
5 Ï68w or 2Ï17 w
and that the distances between the endpoints
of each pair of segments are equal. wY
Yes; X w>w XZw, since XY 5 2Ï17w and XZ 5 2Ï17
w,
(4) Show that the diagonals bisect each other by therefore nXYZ is isosceles.
showing that the midpoints of the diagonals 10a. y
coincide.
5. d 5 Ïw (x2 2 w
x1)2 1w(y2 2w
y1)2 D (c, a)
A(0, a)
d 5 Ïw
(5 2 5w
)2 1 (1w
1 2 1w
)2 E
d 5 Ïw
0 1 1w
2 0 2

d 5 Ïw
100 or 10 B (0, 0)

1 251 2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 5 1 5 1 1 11 O C (c, 0) x
2 ,
} } }} }} , } }
2 2 2
5 (5, 6)
6. d 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x2)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2 10b. BD 5 Ïw
(c 2 0w
)2 1 (aw
2 0)2
d 5 Ïw
(24 2w 0)2 1w(23 2w
0)2 5 Ïw
c 1 aw
2 2

d 5 Ïw
(24)2 w
1 (23w)2 AC 5 Ïw (c 2 0w
)2 1 (0w
2 a)2
d 5 Ï25
w or 5 5 Ïw c 1 aw
2 2

1}2}, }2}2 5 1} }, }}2 Thus, ww>w w.

x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
0 1 (24) 0 1 (23) AC BD
2 2
w is 1}2}, }2}2. The midpoint of
c a
5 (22, 21.5) 10c. The midpoint of A wC
w is 1}2}, }2}2. Therefore, the diagonals intersect
c a
7. d 5 Ïw
[0 2 (w
22)]2 w
1 (4 2w
2)2 w
BD
at their common midpoint, E1}2}, }2}2. Thus,
c a
d 5 Ïw
2 1 2w
2 2

d 5 Ï8
w or 2Ï2w wE
A w>E wC w and w w>E
BE wDw.

1}2}, }2}2 5 1} } , }} 2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
22 1 0 2 1 4 10d. The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent and
2 2
5 (21, 3) bisect each other.
11a. Both players are located along a diagonal of the
field with endpoints (0, 0) and (80, 120). The
kicker’s teammate is located at the midpoint of
this diagonal.
1}2}, }2}2 5 1} } }}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
0 1 80 0 1 120
2 , 2
5 (40, 60)

Chapter 10 306
11b. d 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2 19. d 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2
d 5 Ïw(40 2w
0)2 1w(60 2w0)2 d 5 Ïw
(c 1 2w
2 c)2w
1 (d w
2 1 2w
d)2
d 5 Ïw40 1w
2 60 2 d 5 Ïw
2 1 (w
2 21)2

d 5 Ï5200
w d 5 Ï5
w
1}2}, }2}2 5 1} } , }}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
w or about 72 yards
d 5 20Ï13 c1c12 d1d21
2 2

51 2 , 2 2
2c 1 2 2d 2 1
} } } }

Pages 620–622 Exercises 5 1c 1 1, d 2 }2}2

1

12. d 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2
20. d 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2
d 5 Ïw
[4 2 (w
21)]2 w
1 (13w
2 1)2
d 5 Ïw
[w 2 (w
w 2 2w
)]2 1 (w
4w 2 w
w)2
d 5 Ïw
52 1 1w
22
d 5 Ïw
22 1 (w
3w)2
d 5 Ï169
w or 13
d 5 Ïw
4 1 9w
w2 or Ïw9w2 1w 4
1}2}, }2}2 5 1} }, }}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
21 1 4 1 1 13

1}2}, }2}2 5 1} }, }}2

2 2 x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
w 2 2 1 w w 1 4w
5 (1.5, 7) 2 2

13. d 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w 5 1w 2 1, }2}w2
5
y1)2
d 5 Ïw
(21 2w1)2 1w(23 2w
3)2 21. d 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2
d 5 Ïw
(22) w
2 1 (26w
)2
20 5 Ï(22a
ww 2 a)2 w
1 [7 2w (29)]2w
d 5 Ï40
w or 2Ï10w 20 5 Ï(23a)
ww 2 1 16w
2

1}2}, }2}2 5 1} }, }}2

x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
1 1 (21) 3 1 (23)
2 2 20 5 Ïw9a2 1w 256
5 (0, 0) 400 5 9a2 1 256
14. d 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2 144 5 9a2
a2 5 16
d 5 Ïw
(0 2 8w
)2 1 (8w
2 0)2
a 5 6Ï16w or 64
d 5 Ïw
(28)2 w
1 82
22. Let D have coordinates (x2, y2).
d 5 Ï128
w or 8Ï2 w
1}2}, }2}2 5 123, }52}2
4 1 x2 21 1 y2

1 2 5 1}2}, }2}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 810 810
2 ,
} } }}
2 4 1 x2 21 1 y2 5
}} 5 23 }} 5 }2}
5 (4, 4) 2 2

15. d 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2 4 1 x2 5 26 21 1 y2 5 5
x2 5 210 y2 5 6
d 5 Ïw
[5 2 (w
21)]2 w
1 [23w
2 (2w
6)]2
Then D has coordinates (210, 6).
d 5 Ïw
6 1 3w
2 2
y
23. Let the vertices A(22, 3)
d 5 Ï45
w or 3Ï5w of the quadrilateral D (3, 2)
1}2}, }2}2 5 1} } , }} 2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
21 1 5 26 1 (23)
2 2
be A(22, 3), B(22, 23),
5 (2, 24.5) C(2, 23), and D(3, 2).
O x
16. d 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2 A quadrilateral is a
parallelogram if one pair
d 5 Ïw ww
(7Ï2 2 3Ïw w)2 1 w
2 [21 2w
(25)]2w of opposite sides are B (23, 22)
d 5 Ïw w )w
(4Ï2 2 1 42
parallel and congruent.
C (2, 23)

d 5 Ï48
w or 4Ï3 w w
ADw and BwCw are one pair of opposite sides.
1}2}, }2}2 5 1 }}w 1 7Ï2
w 25 1 (21)
2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
3Ï2
, }} slope of ww
AD wC
slope of Bw
2 2 y2 2 y1 y2 2 y1
w, 23)
5 (5Ï2 m5} }
x 2x m5} }
x 2x
2 1 2 1
223 23 2 (22)
17. d 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2 5} }
3 2 (22) 5} }
2 2 (23)
d 5 Ïw
(a 2 aw
)2 1 (2w
9 2 7w
)2 5 2}5}
1
5 2}5}
1

d 5 Ïw
0 1 (w
2 216) 2
wD
Their slopes are equal, therefore A w\B
wC
w.
d 5 Ï256
w or 16 AD 5 Ïw (x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2wy1)2
1}2}, }2}2 5 1} } }}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
a 1 a 7 1 (29)
2 , 2 5 Ïw
[3 2 (w
22)]2 w
1 (2 2w3)2
5 (a, 21)
5 Ïw
5 1 (w
2 21) 2
18. d 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2 5 Ï26
w
d 5 Ïw
[r 2 2w2 (6 w
1 r)]2w
1 (s 2w
s)2 BC 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2wy1)2
d 5 Ïw
(28) w
2 10 2
5 Ïw [2 2 (w
23)]2 w
1 [23w 2 (2w2)]2
d 5 Ï64
w or 8 5 Ïw 5 1 (w
2 21)2

1}2}, }2}2 5 1} }, }}2

x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
61r1r22 s1s
2 2
5 Ï26w
wD
The measures of A w and BwCw are equal.
51 2 , 22
2r 1 4 2s
} } }}
Therefore ww>B
AD wCw. Since A
wDw\wBCw and ww>B
AD wC
w,
5 (r 1 2, s) quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram; yes.

307 Chapter 10
24. Let the vertices of the y C (4, 19) 1
20 wF
E w\w w since the slope of E
HG wF w is 2}2} and the slope
quadrilateral be 1
A(4, 11), B(8, 14), 16
wG
of H w is 2 2 . Thus the points form a
}}

C(4, 19), and D(0, 15). D (0, 15) parallelogram. w w⊥F

EF wGw since the product of the
B (8, 14) 1 2
A quadrilateral is a
12 wF
slopes of E w and FwGw, 2}2} ? }1}, is 21. Therefore, the
A (4, 11) points form a rectangle.
parallelogram if both 8
pairs of opposite sides 28. Let A(0, 0), B(b, c), and C(a, 0) be the vertices of
are parallel. 4 a triangle. Let D be the midpoint of A wB
w and E
w
ABw and DwCw are one pair x be the midpoint of B wCw.
of opposite sides. 24 O 4 8 12 y
slope of w
ABw wC
slope of D w B (b, c)
y2 2 y1 y2 2 y1
m5} }
x 2x m5} }
x 2x
2 1 2 1
14 2 11 19 2 15
5} }
824 5}}
420 D E
3 4
5 }2} 5 }4} or 1
Since w
ABw \⁄ w
DCw, quadrilateral ABCD is not a
parallelogram; no. O A (0, 0) C (a, 0) x
25. The slope of the line through (15, 1) and (23, 28)
The coordinates of D are 1}2}, }2}2 or 1}2}, }2}2.
should be equal to the slope of the line through 01b 01c b c
(23, 28) and (3, k) since all three points lie on the
The coordinates of E are 1}2}, }2}2 or 1}2}, }2}2.
b1a c10 b1a c
same line.
slope through (15, 1) slope through (23, 28) AC 5 Ïw
(a 2 0w
)2 1 (0w
2 0)2
and (23, 28) and (3, k) 5 Ïw2
a or a
y2 2 y1 y2 2 y1
m5} m5}
!1§
}}§
2 2 22 §
b 2
1 1}2} §
c 2
} }
2 }2}2
x 2x x 2x b1a c
2 1 2 1 DE 5 }}
28 2 1 k 2 (28)
5} } 5 }}
5 !}§
23 2 15 3 2 (23) a2 a
4 or 2
} }}
29 1 k18
5}218 or 2
} }} 5 }}
6 1
k18 1 Since DE 5 }2}AC, the line segment joining the
}} 5 }} ⇒ k 5 25
6 2 midpoints of two sides of a triangle is equal in
26. d 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2 length to one-half the third side.
AB 5 Ïw
[21 2w (23)]w
2 1 (2ww 2w
Ï3 0)2 29. In trapezoid ABCD, let A and B have coordinates
5 Ï16
w or 4 (0, 0) and (b, 0), respectively. To make the trapezoid
BC 5 Ïw
[1 2 (w
21)]2 w
1 (0 2w w)2w
2Ï3 isosceles, let C have coordinates (b 2 a, c) and let
5 Ï16
w or 4 D have coordinates (a, c).
CA 5 Ïw
(23 2w 1)2 1w
(0 2 w
0)2 y
5 Ï16
w or 4
D (b 2 a, c) C (a , c )
Yes, AB 5 4, BC 5 4, and CA 5 4. Thus,
wB
A w>B w > CA. Therefore the points A, B, and C
wC
form an equilateral triangle.
27. EF 5 Ïw (x2 2 w
x1)2 1w(y2 2wy1)2
5 Ïw(4 2 2w)2 1 (4w2 5)2
5 Ï5w
HG 5 Ïw(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w(y2 2w y1)2 O A(0, 0) x
B (b, 0)
5 Ïw (2 2 0w
)2 1 (0w
2 1)2
5 Ï5 w AC 5 Ïw (a 2 0w)2 1 (cw2 0)2
slope of ww
EF 5 Ïw a 1 cw
2 2
y2 2 y1
m5} }
x 2x2 1
BD 5 Ïw (b 2 aw 2 b)2w1 (c 2w 0)2
425 1 5 Ïwa 1 cw
2 2
4 2 2 or 2 2
5} } }}
AC 5 Ïw a2 1 c2w 5 Ïw a2 1 c2w 5 BD, so the
slope of w
FGw
y2 2 y1 diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
m5} }
x 2x2 1
024 2
2 2 4 or 1
5} } }}

slope of ww
HG
y2 2 y1
m5} }
x 2x2 1
021 1
2 2 0 or 2 2
5} } }}

F>H
ww
E wGw since EF 5 Ï5
w and HG 5 Ï5
w.

Chapter 10 308
30. In nABC, let the vertices be A(0, 0) and B(a, 0). 32. Let the vertices of quadrilateral ABCD be A(a, e),
Since w
ACw and w w are congruent sides, let the third
BC B(b, f), C(c, g), and D(d, h). The midpoints of ww,
AB
vertex be C1 2 , b2. Let D be the midpoint of A wC
w, C
wD w, and DwA w, respectively,
a B
} } wC
w
are L1}2}, }2}2, M1}2}, }2}2,
a1b e1f b1c f1g
and let E be the midpoint of w w.
BC

N1}2}, }2}2, and P1}2}, }2}2.

c1d g1h
y C ( a2, b) a1d e1h

y B (b, f )
L
A(a, e)
D E
O O M x
P

C (c, g)
D (d, h) N
O A(0, 0) B (a, 0) x
f1g e1f
}} 2 } }
2 2 g2e

1 2 or 1
a
}} 1 0 wM
The slope of L w is }}
b1c a1b or }
c 2 a.
}
The coordinates of D are:
2
} , }}
2
b10
2
a b
2.
}}, }}
4 2
}} 2 }}
2 2
e1h g1h
} } 2 }}
2 2 e2g

1 2 wPw is
a
}} 1 a The slope of N }} or }
a 2 c.
}
or 1}4}, }2}2.
2 b10 3a b a1d c1d
The coordinates of E are: } , }} }} 2 } }
2 2 2 2
wM
These slopes are equal, so Lw\N
wP
w.

!1§2§
02 1§
1 2 0§
2 5 !§1§
2 2 f1g g1h
3a b 1 9a2 }} 2 }}
AE 5 }} b2 }} }} }} 2 2 f2 h
4 2 2 4 wN
The slope of M w is }}
b1c c1d or }
b2d .
}
}} 2 }}
}}2 5 }}!}
!§
1a 2 }a§
4 2 1§
10 2 § 2 § 4 1§
2 b 1 9a 2 2 2 2
BD 5 }
2
} b2 e1h e1f
}} 2 }}
2 2 h2f
Since AE 5 BD, the medians to the congruent wL
The slope of P w is }} or }
d 2 b.
}
a1d a1b
sides of an isosceles triangle are congruent. }} 2 } }
2 2
31. Let A and B have coordinates (0, 0) and (b, 0)
These slopes are equal, so MwN
w\w w. Since
PL
respectively. To make a parallelogram, let C have
wM
L w\N wPw, and M
wN w\PwLw, PLMN is a parallelogram.
coordinates (b 1 a, c) and let D have coordinates
(a, c). 33. Let the vertices of the y
rectangle be A(23, 1), B
y
B(1, 3), C(3, 21), and
D(1, 23). Since the area A
D (a, c) C (a 1 b, c) of a rectangle is the length
times the width, find the O x
C
measure of two consecutive
wD
sides, A w and w
DCw. D

O A(0, 0) B (b, 0) x AD 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2
5 Ïw
[1 2 (w
23)]2 w
1 (23w
2 1)2
w is 1 2 1 2 5 Ïw
4 1 (w
a1b 01c a1b c 2 2
The midpoint of w
BD }}, }} or
2 2
}}, }} .
2 2
24)
5 Ï32
w or 4Ï2 w
w is 1 2 1 2.
a1b10 c10 a1b c
The midpoint of wAC }}, }} or }
2 , 2
} }}
2 2 DC 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2
Since the diagonals have the same midpoint, the
diagonals bisect each other. 5 Ïw (3 2 1w )2 1 [2w
1 2 (2w3)]2
5 Ïw 2 1 2w
2 2
5 Ï8 w or 2Ï2 w
Area 5 ,w
5 (4Ï2 w)(2Ï2 w)
5 16
The area of the rectangle is 16 units2.
34a. y
20

10

220 210 O 10 20 30 x
210

309 Chapter 10
34b. The two regions are closest between (212, 12) 37a. Find a representation for MA and for MB.
and (31,0). MA 5 Ïw
t2 1 (w
3t 2 1w
5)2
d 5 Ïw(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w y1)2 5 Ïw
t 1 9w
2 t 2 9w
2 w
0t 1 225
5 Ïw[31 2w (212w)]2 1 (w
0 2 1w2)2 5 Ïw
10t2 2w 90t 1w225
5 Ïw43 1w
2 (212w) 2 MB 5 Ïw
(t 2 9w
)2 1 (3w
t 2 12w
)2
5 Ï1993
w or about 44,64 5 Ïw
t 2 1w
2 8t 1 8w1 1 9w
t 2 7w
2 w
2t 1 144
The distance between these two points is about 5 Ïw
10t2 2w 90t 1w225
44.64 pixels, which is greater than 40 pixels. By setting these representations equal to each
therefore, the regions meet the criteria. other, you find a value for t that would make the
35. Let the vertices of the isosceles trapezoid have two distances equal.
the coordinates A(0, 0), B(2a, 0), C(2a 2 2c, 2b), MA 5 MB
D(2c, 2b). The coordinates of the midpoints are: Ïw 10t2 2w90t 1w 225 5 Ïw 10t2 2w 90t 1w 225
P(a, 0), Q(2a 2 c, b), R(a, 2b), S(c, b). Since the above equation is a true statement,
y t can take on any real values.
37b. A line; this line is the perpendicular bisector of
D (2c, 2b) R C (2a 2 2c, 2b) wB
A w.
b
38. r 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w v 5 Arctan }a}
12
5 Ïw
(25)2 w
1 122 5 Arctan }
25
}
S Q
5 Ï169
w or 13 ø 21.176005207
(25 1 12i)2 5 132 [cos 2v 1 i sin 2v]
5 2119 2 120i
O A (0, 0) P B (2a, 0) x 39. If u
v 5 (115, 2018, 0), then
u 5 Ïw
v 1152 1w20182w 1 02
PQ 5 Ïw (2a 2w c 2 aw)2 1 (bw 2 0)2 5 Ï40855
w49 w or about 2021
5 Ïw (a 2 cw) 1 bw
2 2 The magnitude of the force is about 2021 N.
1 1
QR 5 Ïw (2a 2w c 2 aw)2 1 (bw 2 2bw)2 40. 2 sec2 x 0 } } }}
1 1 sin x 1 1 2 sin x
5 Ïw (a 2 cw)3 1 bw2 2 sec2 x 0
(1 2 sin x) 1 (1 1 sin x)
}}}
(1 1 sin x)(1 2 sin x)
RS 5 Ïw (a 2 cw)2 1 (2w b 2 bw)2 2
5 Ïw (a 2 cw) 1 bw
2 2 2 sec2 x 0 }}
1 2 sin2 x
2
PS 5 Ïw (a 2 cw)2 1 (0w 2 b)2 2 sec2 x 0 5} }
cos2 x
5 Ïw (a 2 cw)2 1 bw2 2 sec2 x 5 2 sec2 x
So, all of the sides are congruent and 41. s 5 rv
quadrilateral PQRS is a rhombus. 11.5 5 12v
36a. distance from fountain to rosebushes: 11.5
2 radians
v 5 }1}
d 5 Ïw (x2 2 wx1)2 1w (y2 2wy1)2 11.5 180°
}} ? }p} ø 54.9°
d 5 Ïw[1 2 (w
23)]2 w
1 (23w2 2)2 12
42. sin 390° 5 sin (390° 2 360°)
d 5 Ï41
w or 2Ï41w meters 1
5 sin 30° or }2}
distance from rosebushes to bench:
43. z2 2 8z 5 214
d 5 Ïw(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w(y2 2w
y1)2 z2 2 8z 1 16 5 214 1 16
d 5 Ïw(3 2 1w)2 1 [3w2 (2w
3)]2 (z 2 4)2 5 2
w or 4Ï10
d 5 2Ï10 w meters z 2 4 5 6Ï2 w
distance from bench to fountain: z 5 4 6 Ï2 w
2
44. x 5 16
d 5 Ïw(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w (y2 2w
y1)2
x 5 6Ï16 w or 64
d 5 Ïw (23 2w 3)2 1w(2 2 w
3)2
y2 5 4
d 5 Ï37w or 2Ï37w meters y 5 6Ï4 w or 62
Yes; the distance from the fountain to the Evaluating (x 2 y)2 when x 5 4 and y 5 22
rosebushes is 2Ï41w or about 12.81 meters. The results in the greatest possible value, [4 2 (22)]2
distance from the rosebushes to the bench is or 36.
4Ï10w or about 12.65 meters. The distance from
w or about
the bench to the fountain is 2Ï37
12.17 meters.
36b. The fountain is located at (23, 2) and the 10-2 Circles
rosebushes are located at (1, 23).
1}2}, }2}2 5 1} } , }}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
23 1 1 2 1 (23)
2 2 Page 627 Check for Understanding
5 121, 2}2}2
1
1. complete the square on each variable

Chapter 10 310
2. Sample answer: (x 1 4)2 1 (y 2 9)2 5 1, 9. 2x2 1 2y2 2 20x 1 8y 1 34 5 0
(x 1 4)2 1 (y 2 9)2 5 2, (x 1 4)2 1 (y 2 9)2 5 3, 2x2 2 20x 1 2y2 1 8y 5 234
(x 1 4)2 1 (y 2 9)2 5 4, (x 1 4)2 1 (y 2 9)2 5 5 2(x2 2 10x 1 25) 1 2(y3 1 4y 1 4) 5 234 1 2(25)
3. Find the center of the circle, (h, k), by finding 1 2(4)
the midpoint of the diameter. Next find the 2(x 2 5)2 1 2(y 1 2)2 5 24
radius of the circle, r, by finding the distance (x 2 5)2 1 (y 1 2)2 5 12
from the center to one endpoint. Then write y (5,22 1 2Ï·3)
the equation of the circle in standard form as
(x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2.
4. The equation x2 1 y2 1 8x 1 8y 1 36 5 0 written O x
in standard form is (x 1 4)2 1 (y 1 4)2 5 24. (5, 22)
Since a circle cannot have a negative radius, the
graph of the equation is the empty set.
5. Ramon; the square root of a sum does not equal (5 2 2Ï·3, 22)
the sum of the square roots.
6. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2 10. x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0
(x 2 0)2 1 (y 2 0)2 5 92 02 1 02 1 D(0) 1 E(0) 1 F 5 0
x2 1 y2 5 81 42 1 02 1 D(4) 1 E(0) 1 F 5 0
02 1 42 1 D(0) 1 E(4) 1 F 5 0
y
F50 F50
4D 1 F 5 216 ⇒ D 5 24
4E 1 F 5 216 E 5 24
x2 1 y2 2 4x 2 4y 5 0
(9, 0)
O x x2 2 4x 1 4 1 y2 2 4y 1 4 5 0 1 4 1 4
(x 2 2)2 1 (y 2 2)2 5 8
center: (h, k) 5 (2, 2)
radius: r2 5 8
(0, 29) r 5 Ï8w or 2Ï2w
11. x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0
7. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2 12 1 32 1 D(1) 1 E(3) 1 F 5 0 ⇒ D 1 3E 1 F 5 210
[x 2 (21)]2 1 (y 2 4)2 5 [3 2 (21)]2 52 1 52 1 D(5) 1 E(5) 1 F 5 0 ⇒ 5D 1 5E 1 F 5 250
(x 1 1)2 1 (y 2 4)2 5 16 52 1 32 1 D(5) 1 E(3) 1 F 5 0 ⇒ 5D 1 3E 1 F 5 234
(21, 8) y D 1 3E 1 F 5 210
(21)(5D 1 5E 1 F) 5 (21)(250)
24D 2 2E 5 40
(21, 4)
5D 1 5E 1 F 5 250
(3, 4) (21)(5D 1 3E 1 F) 5 (21)(234)
2E 5 216
E 5 28
24D 2 2(28) 5 40
O x
24D 5 24 (26) 1 3(28) 1 F 5 210
8. x2 1 y2 2 4x 1 14y 2 47 5 0 D 5 26 F 5 20
x2 2 4x 1 4 1 y2 1 14y 1 49 5 47 1 4 1 49 x2 1 y2 2 6x 2 8y 1 20 5 0
(x 2 2)2 1 (y 1 7)2 5 100 x2 2 6x 1 9 1 y2 2 8y 1 16 5 220 1 9 1 16
(x 2 3)2 1 (y 2 4)2 5 5
y (2, 3) center: (h, k) 5 (3, 4)
radius: r2 5 5
O x r 5 Ï5w
12. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
(28, 27) (2, 27) [x 2 (22)]2 1 (y 2 1)2 5 r2
(x 1 2)2 1 (y 2 1)2 5 r2
(1 1 2)2 1 (5 2 1)2 5 r2
25 5 r2
(x 1 2)2 1 (y 2 1)2 5 25

311 Chapter 10
13. midpoint of diameter: 18. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
9 2
1 251 2 [x 2 (25)]2 1 (y 2 0)2 5 1}2}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 22 1 10 6 1 (210)
2 ,
} } }} }}, }}
2 2 2
5 (4, 22) 81
(x 1 5)2 1 y2 5 }4}
radius: r 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w(y2 2wy1)2
y
5 Ïw
[4 2 (w
22)] w
2 1 [6 2w(22)]2w
5 Ïw 62 1 82w
(25, ) 9
2

5 Ï100
w or 10 (25, 0)
(x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2 O x
(x 2 4)2 1 [y 2 (22)]2 5 102 ( 219 ,
2
0 )
(x 2 4)2 1 (y 1 2)2 5 100
14. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
(x 2 0)2 1 (y 2 0)2 5 (1740 1 185)2
x2 1 y2 5 19252 19. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
(x 2 6)2 1 (y 2 1)2 5 62
(x 2 6)2 1 (y 2 1)2 5 36
Pages 627–630 Exercises y
15. (x 2 h)2
1 (y 2 5 k)2 r2 (6, 7)
(x 2 0)2 1 (y 2 0)2 5 52
x2 1 y2 5 25
y (0, 5) (6, 1)
(0, 1)

O x

(25, 0) O x

20. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2

(x 2 3)2 1 [y 2 (22)]2 5 [2 2 (22)]2
(x 2 3)2 1 (y 1 2)2 5 16
16. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
y (3, 2)
[x 2 (24)]2 1 (y 2 7)2 5 (Ï3w )2
(x 1 4)2 1 (y 2 7)2 5 3
y O x
(24, 7)
(3, 22)
(24 1 Ï·
3, 7)
(7, 22)
(24, 7 2Ï·3)

21. 36 2 x2 5 y2 y
(0, 6)
O x x2 1 y2 5 36

17. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2 (6, 0)

w 2
[x 2 (21)]2 1 [y 2 (23)]2 5 1 }
Ï2
2 2
O x
1
(x 1 1)2 1 (y 1 3)2 5}2}
y
O x
3 y
22. x2 1 y2 1 y 5 }4}
(21, 26 12Ï·2 ) x2 1 y2 1 y 1 }4} 5 }4} 1 }4}
1 3 1
(0, 12 )
22 1 Ï·2
( , 23 )
1 2
x2 1 1y 1 }2}2 5 1
2
O x
(0, 2 12 ) (1, 2 12 )
(21, 23)

Chapter 10 312
23. x2 1 y2 2 4x 1 12y 1 30 5 0 27. x2 1 y2 1 14x 1 24y 1 157 5 0
x2 2 4x 1 4 1 y2 1 12y 1 36 5 230 1 4 1 36 x2 1 14x 1 49 1 y2 1 24y 1 144 5 2157 1 49 1 144
(x 2 2)2 1 (y 1 6)2 5 10 (x 1 7)2 1 (y 1 12)2 5 36
y y
O x O x
(2, 26 1 Ïw
10 ) (27, 26)

(2, 26) (21, 212)

(27, 212)
(2 1 Ïw
10, 26)

24. 2x2 1 2y2 1 2x 2 4y 5 21 28. x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0

2x2 1 2x 1 2y2 2 4y 5 21 02 1 (21)2 1 D(0) 1 E(21) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
21x2 1 1x 1 }4}2 1 2(y2 2 2y 1 1) 5 21 1 21}4}2 1 2(1)
1 1 2E 1 F 5 21
(23)2 1 (22)2 1 D(23) 1 E(22) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
1 2
21x 1 }2}2 1 2(y 2 1)2 5 }2}
3
23D 2 2E 1 F 5 213
2 (26)2 1 (21)2 1 D(26) 1 E(21) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
1x 1 }12}2 3
1 (y 2 1)2 5 }4}
26D 2 E 1 F 5 237
y 2 E 1 F 5 21
(21)(23D 2 2E 1 F) 5 (21)(213)
(21 22 Ï·3, 1) 3D 1 E 5 12
23D 2 2E 1 F 5 213
(2 12 , 1) (21)(26D 2 2E 1 F) 5 (21)(237)
3D 2 2E 5 24
3 O 3D 1 E 5 12 3(6) 1 E 5 12
(2 12 , 1 2 Ï·
2
) x
3D 2 E 5 24 E 5 26
6D 5 36
25. 6x2 2 12x 1 6y2 1 36y 5 36 D56 2(26) 1 F 5 21
6(x2 2 2x 1 1) 1 6(y2 1 6y 1 9) 5 36 1 6(1) 1 6(9) F 5 27
6(x 2 1)2 1 6(y 1 3)2 5 96
x2 1 y2 1 6x 2 6y 2 7 5 0
(x 2 1)2 1 (y 1 3)2 5 16
x2 1 6x 1 9 1 y2 2 6y 1 9 5 7 1 9 1 9
y (x 1 3)2 1 (y 2 3)2 5 25
center: (h, k) 5 (23, 3)
O x radius: r2 5 25
(1, 23) r 5 Ï25 w or 5
(23, 23) 29. x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0
72 1 (21)2 1 D(7) 1 E(21) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
(1, 27) 7D 2 E 1 F 5 250
112 1 (25)2 1 D(11) 1 E(25) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
11D 2 5E 1 F 5 2146
26. 16x2 1 16y2 2 8x 2 32y 5 127 32 1 (25)2 1 D(3) 1 E(25) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
16x2 2 8x 1 16y2 2 32y 5 127 3D 2 5E 1 F 5 234
161x2 2 }2}x 1 }1}
6 2 1 16(y 2 2y 1 1) 5 127 1 161 16 2
7D 2 E 1 F 5 250
1 2 1 2 1
}}
1 16(1) (21)(11D 2 5E 1 F) 5 21(2146)
1 2
24D 1 4E 5 96
161x 2 }4}2 1 16(y 2 1)2 5 144 11D 2 5E 1 F 5 2146
2
1x 2 }14}2 1 (y 2 1)2 5 9 (21)(3D 2 5E 1 F) 5 21(234)
8D 5 212
y D 5 214
( 134, 1) 24(214) 1 4E 5 96
4E 5 40 7(214) 2 (10) 1 F 5 250
E 5 10 F 5 58
( 14 , 1)
x2 1 y2 2 14x 1 10y 1 58 5 0
O x x2 2 14x 1 49 1 y2 1 10y 1 25 5 258 1 49 1 25
(x 2 7)2 1 (y 1 5)2 5 16
( 14 , 22) center: (h, k) 5 (7, 25)
radius: r2 5 16
r 5 Ï16 w or 4

313 Chapter 10
30. x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0 32. x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0
(22)2 1 72 1 D(22) 1 E(7) 1 F 5 0 ⇒ 42 1 52 1 D(4) 1 E(5) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
22D 1 7E 1 F 5 253 4D 1 5E 1 F 5 241
(29)2 1 02 1 D(29) 1 E(0) 1 F 5 0 ⇒ (22)2 1 32 1 D(22) 1 E(3) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
29D 1 F 5 281 22D 1 3E 1 F 5 213
(210)2 1 (25)2 1 D(210) 1 E(25) 1 F 5 10 ⇒ (24)2 1 (23)2 1 D(24) 1 E(23) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
210D 2 5E 1 F 5 2125 24D 2 3E 1 F 5 225
22D 1 7E 1 F 5 253 4D 1 5E 1 F 5 241
(21)(29D 1 F) 5 (21)(281) (21)(22D 1 3E 1 F) 5 (21)(213)
7D 1 7E 5 28 6D 1 2E 5 228
D1E54 3D 1 E 5 214
210D 2 5E 1 F 5 2125 4D 1 5E 1 F 5 241
(21)(29D 1 F) 5 (21)(281) (21)(24D 2 3E 1 F) 5 (21)(225)
2D 2 5E 5 244 8D 1 8E 5 216
2D 2 5E 5 244 D 1 E 5 22
D1 E54 3D 1 E 5 214
24E 5 240 (21)(D 1 E) 5 (21)(22)
E 5 10 2D 5 212
D 5 26
D 1 (10) 5 4
D 5 26 26 1 E 5 22
29(26) 1 F 5 281 E54
F 5 2135 22(26) 1 3(4) 1 F 5 213
F 5 237
x2 1 y2 2 6x 1 10y 2 135 5 10
x2 2 6x 1 9 1 y2 1 10y 1 25 5 135 1 9 1 25 x2 1 y2 2 6x 1 4y 2 37 5 0
(x 2 3)2 1 (y 1 5)2 5 169 x2 1 6x 1 9 1 y2 1 4y 1 4 5 37 1 9 1 4
center: (h, k) 5 (3, 25) (x 2 3)2 1 (y 1 2)2 5 50
radius: r2 5 169 center: (h, k) 5 (3, 22)
r 5 Ï169
w or 13 radius: r2 5 50
r 5 Ï50w or 5Ï2 w
31. x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0
(22)2 1 32 1 D(22) 1 E(3) 1 F 5 0 ⇒ 33. x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0
22D 1 3E 1 F 5 213 12 1 42 1 D(1) 1 E(4) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
62 1 (25)2 1 D(6) 1 E(25) 1 F 5 0 ⇒ D 1 4E 1 F 5 217
6D 2 5E 1 F 5 261 22 1 (21)2 1 D(2) 1 E(21) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
02 1 72 1 D(0) 1 E(7) 1 F 5 0 ⇒ 2D 2 E 1 F 5 25
7E 1 F 5 249 (23)2 1 02 1 D(23) 1 E(0) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
22D 1 3E 1 F 5 213 23D 1 F 5 29
(21)(6D 2 5E 1 F) 5 (21)(261) D 1 4E 1 F 5 217
28D 1 8E 5 48 (21)(2D 2 E 1 F) 5 (21)(25)
2D 1 E 5 6 2D 1 5E 5 212
6D 2 5E 1 F 5 261 D 1 4E 1 F 5 217
(21)(7E 1 F) 5 (21)(249) (21)(23D 1 F) 5 (21)(29)
6D 2 12E 5 212 4D 1 4E 5 28
D 2 2E 5 22 D 1 E 5 22
2D 1 E 5 6 2D 1 5E 5 212
D 2 2E 5 22 D 1 E 5 22
2E 5 4 6E 5 214
7
E 5 24 E 5 2}3}
D 2 2(24) 5 22 D 1 12}3}2 5 22
7
D 5 210 1
7(24) 1 F 5 249 D 5 }3}
231}3}2 1 F 5 29
F 5 221 1

x2 1 y2 2 10x 2 4y 2 21 5 0
x2 2 10x 1 25 1 y2 2 4y 1 4 5 21 1 25 1 4 F 5 28
(x 2 5)2 1 (y 2 2)2 5 50 x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0
1 7
center: (h, k) 5 (5, 2) x2 1 y2 1 }3}x 2 }3}y 2 8 5 0
radius: r2 5 50 1 1 7 49 1 49
x2 1 }3}x 1 }3} 2
6 1 y 2 3 y 1 36 5 8 1 36 1 36
}} }} }} }}
r 5 Ï50w or 5Ï2 w
2 7 2
1x 1 }16}2 1 1y 2 }6}2 5 }18}
169

Chapter 10 314
 center: (h, k) 5 12}6}, }6}2 39. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
1 7

169
(x 2 5)2 1 (y 2 1)2 5 r2
radius: r2 5 }1}
8 x 1 3y 5 22
x 1 3y 1 2 5 0 ⇒ A 5 1, B 5 3, and C 5 2
r 5 !}
§ 169
}
18 Ax1 1 By1 1 C
13Ï2
w
r 5 * 6Ïw B2 *
13 }}
5} } or }}
3Ïw
2 6 A2 1 w
34. x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0 (1)(5) 1 (3)(1) 1 2
02 1 02 1 D(0) 1 E(0) 1 F 5 0 ⇒ 5 * }}}
2Ïw
12 1 32w *
F50
5 *} }* or Ï10
10
(2.8)2 1 02 1 D(2.8) 1 E(0) 1 F 5 0 ⇒ 2Ïw
10
w
1 2
2
2.8D 1 F 5 27.84 (x 2 5)2 1 (y 2 1)2 5 Ï10
w
(5)2 1 22 1 D(5) 1 E(2) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
(x 2 5)2 1 (y 2 1)2 5 10
5D 1 2E 1 F 5 229
40. center: (h, 0), radius: r 5 1
2.8D 1 0 5 27.84 5(22.8) 1 2E 1 (0) 5 229
(x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
2.8D 5 27.84 2E 5 215 2 2
D 5 22.8 E 5 27.5 1}Ï2}2w 2 h2 1 1}2} 2 02 5 12
Ï2
w

1 1
x2 1 y2 2 2.8x 2 7.5y 1 0 5 0 2}2} 2 Ï2
wh 1 h2 1 }2} 5 1
x2 2 2.8x 1 1.96 1 y2 2 7.5y 1 14.0625 5 1.96 1 14.0625
h2 2 Ï2
wh 5 1 2 1
(x 2 1.4)2 1 (y 2 3.75)2 5 16.0225
or about (x 2 1.4)2 1 (y 2 3.75)2 5 16.02 1
h h 2 Ï2 2
w 50
35. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2 h 5 0 or h 5 Ï2w
1 2
2
[x 2 (24)]2 1 (y 2 3)2 5 r2 (x 2 0)2 1 (y 2 0)2 5 1 x 2 Ï2
w 1 (y 2 0)2 5 1
(x 1 4)2 1 (y 2 3)2 5 r2
1x 2 Ï2w2
2
(0 1 4)2 1 (0 2 3)2 5 r2 x2 1 y2 5 1 or 1 y2 5 1
25 5 r2 41a. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
(x 1 4)2 1 (y 2 3)2 5 25 12 2
(x 2 0)2 1 (y 2 0)2 5 1}2}2
36. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
(x 2 2)2 1 (y 2 3)2 5 r2 x2 1 y2 5 36
(5 2 2)2 1 (6 2 3)2 5 r2 41b. x2
1 5 36 y2
18 5 r2 y2 5 36 2 x2
(x 2 2)2 1 (y 2 3)2 5 18 y 5 6Ïw 36 2 w
x2
37. midpoint of diameter: dimensions of rectangle:
2x by 2y ⇒ 2x by 2Ïw36 2 w
x2
1}2}, }2}2 5 1} }, }}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
2 1 (26) 3 1 (25)
2 2
5 (22, 21) 41c. A(x) 5 2x 2Ïw
36 2 w
x2 1 2
r5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2 5 4xÏw
36 2 w
x2
5 Ïw
(22 2w 2)2 1w
(21 2w3)2 41d.
5 Ïw(24)2 w1 (24w )2
5 Ï32
w
(x 2 h)2 1 y 2 k)2 5 r2
2
[x 2 (22)]2 1 [y 2 (21)]2 5 1Ï32w2
2 2
(x 1 2) 1 (y 1 1) 5 32
38. midpoint of diameter:
1}2}, }2}2 5 1}2}, }2}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 23 1 2 4 1 1
[0, 10] scl:1 by [0, 100] scl:20
5 12}2}, }2}2
1 5
41e. Use 4: maximum on the CALC menu of the
r 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2 calculator. The x-coordinate of this point is about
4.2. The maximum area of the rectangle is the
5 !1§
2}2} 2§
1
22 1§
2
1}52} 2 1§
2
2
corresponding y-value of 72, for an area of
72 units2.
5 !1§
2}2}2 §
1 1}2}2§
5 2 3 2
42a.

§
5 !}
17
}
2
(x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
2 2 2
3x 2 12}12}24 1 1y 2 }52}2 5 1!}§ 2 2
17
}
2 2
1x 1 }12}2 1 1y 2 }52}2 5 }12}7
[215.16, 15.16] scl:1 by [25, 5] scl:1
42b. a circle centered at (2, 3) with radius 4
42c. (x 2 2)2 1 (y 2 3)2 5 16

315 Chapter 10
42d. center: (h, k) 5 (24, 2) 2(213) 1 (29) 1 F 5 25
radius: r2 5 36 F 5 30
r 5 Ï36w or 6 2 2
x 1 y 2 13x 2 9y 1 30 5 0
2nd [DRAW] 9:Circle( - 4 , 2 , 6 ) x2 2 13x 1 42.25 1 y2 2 9y 1 20.25 5 230 1 42.25 1 20.25
(x 2 6.5)2 1 (y 2 4.5)2 5 32.5
45a. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2 y y5x
(x 2 k)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 22
(x 2 k)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 4
45b. (x 2 1)2 1 (y 2 1)2 5 4
(x 2 0)2 1 (y 2 0)2 5 4 O x
(x 1 1)2 1 (y 1 1)2 5 4

[215.16, 15.16] scl:1 by [5, 5] scl:1

43a. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
24 2
45c. All of the circles in this family have a radius of 2
(x 2 0)2 1 (y 2 0)2 5 1}2}2 and centers located on the line y 5 x.
x2 1 y2 5 144 46a. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
43b. x2 1 y2 5 6.25 ⇒ r12 5 6.25 (x 2 0)2 1 (y 2 0)2 5 142
r1 5 Ï6.25
w or 2.5 x2 1 y2 5 196
If the circles are equally spaced apart then y2 5 196 2 x2
radius r2 of the middle circle is found by adding y 5 6Ïw 196 2w x2
the radius of the smallest circle to the radius of y 5 Ïw196 2w x 2

the largest circle and dividing by two. 46b. No, if x 5 7, then y 5 Ï147w ø 12.1 ft, so the
12 1
2 2.5 truck cannot pass.
r2 5 }2} or 7.25
47. x2 1 y2 2 8x 1 6y 1 25 5 0
area of area of area of x 2 8x 1 16 1 y2 1 6y 1 9 5 225 1 16 1 9
2
5 2
region B middle circle smallest circle (x 2 4)2 1 (y 1 3)2 5 0
5 pr22 2 pr12 radius: r2 5 0
5 p (r22 2 r12) r 5 Ï0 w or 0
5 p (7.252 2 2.52) center: (h, k) 5 (4, 23)
5 p (46.3125) or about 145.50 Graph is a point located at (4, 23).
The area of region B is about 145.50 in2.
48a. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
44. (x 2 0)2 1 (y 2 0)2 5 r2
y
x2 1 y2 5 r2
x 2 5y 1 3 5 0 (475) 1 (1140)2 5 r2
2
(2, 1) (12, 3)
1,525,225 5 r2
x2 1 y2 5 1,525,225
O (5, 21) x 48b. r2 5 1,525,225
2x 1 3y 2 7 5 0 w,225
r 5 Ï1,525 w or 1235
4x 2 7y 5 27 A 5 pr2
5 p (1235)2 or approximately 4,792,000 ft2
x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0 25002 2 4,792,000
22 1 12 1 D(2) 1 E(1) 1 F 5 0 ⇒ 48c. }}}
25002 5 0.23328
2D 1 E 1 F 5 25 about 23%
52 1 (21)2 1 D(5) 1 E(21) 1 F 5 0 ⇒ y24
wA
49a. P w has a slope of } wB
x 2 3 and P
} w has slope of
5D 2 E 1 F 5 226
y14 y24 y14
122 1 32 1 D(12) 1 E(3) 1 F 5 0 ⇒ }}. If P
x13 wAw ⊥w
PBw then } } }}
x 2 3 ? x 1 3 5 21.
12D 1 3E 1 F 5 2153 y24 y14
}} ? }} 5 21
2D 1 E 1 F 5 25 x23 x13
y2 2 16
(21)(5D 2 E 1 F) 5 (21)(226) } } 5 21
x2 2 9
23D 1 2E 5 21 2
y 2 16 5 2x2 1 9
2D 1 E 1 F 5 25
x2 1 y2 5 25
(21)(12D 1 3E 1 F) 5 (21)(2153)
210D 2 2E 5 148 wA
49b. If P w⊥P wBw, then A, P, and B are on the circle
x2 1 y2 5 25.
23D 1 2E 5 21
210D 2 2E 5 148 50. d 5 Ïw (x2 2 w
x1)2 1w(y2 2w y1)2
213D 5 169 d 5 Ïw
(22 2w4)2 1w
[6 2 w
(23)]2
D 5 213 d 5 Ïw
(26)2 w
1 92
23(213) 1 2E 5 21 d 5 Ï117
w
2E 5 218
E 5 29

Chapter 10 316
51. (2 1 i)(3 2 4i)(1 1 2i) 5 (6 2 8i 1 3i 2 4i2)(1 1 2i) (0, 0), (0, 9), (5, 8), (10, 5)
5 [6 2 8i 1 3i 2 4(21)](1 1 2i) f(x, y) 5 320x 1 500y
5 (10 2 5i)(1 1 2i) f(0, 0) 5 320(0) 1 500(0) 5 0
5 10 1 20i 2 5i 2 10i2 f(0, 0) 5 320(0) 1 500(9) 5 4500
5 10 1 20i 2 5i 2 10(21) f(5, 8) 5 320(5) 1 500(8) 5 5600
5 20 1 15i f(10, 5) 5 320(10) 1 500(5) 5 5700
u cos v u sin v 2 }1}gt2 The maximum profit occurs when 10 cases of
52. x 5 tv y 5 tv 2 drug A and 5 cases of drug B are produced.
1
x 5 t(60) cos 60° y 5 t(60) sin 60° 2 }2}(32)t2 57b. When 10 cases of drug A and 5 cases of drug B
x 5 60t cos 60° y 5 60t sin 60° 2 16t2 are produced, the profit is $5700.
x 5 60(0.5) cos 60° y 5 60(0.5) sin 60° 2 16(0.5)2 58. y
x 5 15 y ø 21.98076211
15 ft horizontally, about 22 ft vertically
5
53. A 5 }2} or 2.5
x x x x x
2p p
20 5 }k} and k 5 }10}
y 5 A cos (kt) y
y 5 2.5 cos 1}1}
0 t2
p
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 y 1 y 5 5x 1 2x
1 The correct choice is A
54. s 5 }}(a 1 b 1
2 c)
1
5 }}(15 1 25 1 35)
2
5 37.5
wa)(s
k 5 Ïs(s 2w 2w b)(s 2w
c) 10-3 Ellipses
5 Ï37.5(3
w7.5 w 2w7.5
15)(3w 2w7.5
25)(3w2w
3.5)
5 Ï26,36
w7.187 w5 w
ø 162 units2 Pages2 637–638 Check For Understanding
y x2
55. v 5 Ïw v20 1 6w
4h 1. a2 1 b2 5 1
}} }}
y2 x2
95 5 Ïw
152 1w
64h 82 1 52 5 1
}} }}
952 5 152 1 64h y2 x2
952 2 152 }} 1 }} 5 1
h 5 }6} 64 25
4
2. Since the foci lie on the major axis, determine
h 5 137.5 ft
whether the major axis is horizontal or vertical. If
56. y 5 6x4 2 3x2 1 1 the a2 is the denominator of the x terms, the major
b 5 6a4 2 3a2 1 1 (x, y) 5 (a, b) axis is horizontal. If the a2 is the denominator of
x-axis: (x, y) 5 (a, 2b) the y terms, the major axis is vertical.
2b 5 6a4 2 3a2 1 1; no
3. When the foci and center of an ellipse coincide,
y-axis: (x, y) 5 (2a, b)
c 5 0.
b 5 6(2a)4 2 3(2a)2 1 1 c2 5 a2 2 b2
c
e 5 }a}
b 5 6a4 2 3a2 1 1; yes 0 5 a2 2 b2 0
y 5 x: (x, y) 5 (b, a) e 5 }a}
b2 5 a2
a 5 6b4 2 3b2 1 1; no b5a e50
origin: f(2x) 5 2f(x) The figure is a circle.
f(2x) 5 6(2x)4 2 3(2x)2 1 1 2f(x) 5 2(6x4 2 3x2 1 1) c
4. In an ellipse, b2 5 a2 2 c2 and }a} 5 e.
f(2x) 5 6x4 2 3x2 1 1 2f(x) 5 26x4 1 3x2 2 1 c
no
}} 5 e
a b2 5 a2 2 c2
The graph is symmetric with respect to the y-axis. c 5 ae b2 5 a2 2 a2e2
2
c 5a e 2 2 b2 5 a2(1 2 e2)
57a. Let x 5 number of cases of drug A.
Let y 5 number of cases of drug B. 5. Shanice; an equation with only one squared term
x 5 # 10 cannot be the equation of an ellipse.
y 6. center: (h, k) 5 (27, 0)
y#9 x 5 10
3x 1 5y # 55 12 (0, 9) a 5 0 2 6 or 6
y59
x 1 5y # 45 b 5 27 2 (24) or 3
8 (y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
(5, 8) x 1 5y 5 45 }}
a2 1 }b} 2 51
4 (10, 5) (y 2 0)2 [x 2 (27)]2
3x 1 5y 5 55 }} 1 }3} 51
x 5 0 (0, 0) 62 2
y2 (x 1 7)2
O 4 8 12 16 20 24 x }} 1 }} 5 1
36 9
y50
c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 (27, 0 6 3Ï3w)
c 5 Ïw62 2 32w 5 (27, 6 3Ï3w)
c 5 3Ï3w

317 Chapter 10
 7. center: (h, k) 5 (0, 0) 10. 9x2 1 4y2 2 18x 1 16y 5 11
a2 5 36 b2 5 4 c 5 Ïwa2 2 b2w 9(x2 2 2x 1 ?) 1 4(y2 1 4y 1 ?) 5 11 1 ? 1 ?
a 5 Ï36 w or 6 b 5 Ï4 w or 2 c 5 Ï36 w4 2 w or 4Ï2 w 9(x2 2 2x 1 1) 1 4(y2 1 4y 1 4) 5 11 1 9(1) 1 (4)
foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (0 6 4Ï2 w, 0) or (64Ï2w, 0) 9(x 2 1)2 1 4(y 1 2)2 5 36
(x 2 1)2 (y 1 2)2
major axis vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (0 6 6, 0) or (66, 0) }} 1 }} 5 36
4 9
minor axis vertices: (h, k 6 b) 5 (0, 0 6 2) or (0, 62)
center: (h, k) 5 (1, 22)
y a2 5 9 b2 5 4 c 5 Ïw
a2 2 b2w
a 5 Ï9 w or 3 b 5 Ï4 w or 2 c 5 Ï9
w 2 4 or Ï5
w
(26, 0)
(0, 2)
(6, 0)
foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 1, 22 6 Ï5 1w 2
major axis vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (1, 22 6 3) or
O x (1, 1), (1, 25)
(0, 22)
minor axis vertices: (h 1 b, k) 5 (1 6 2, 22) or
(3, 22), (21, 22)
y
(1, 1)
8. center: (h, k) 5 (0, 4)
a2 5 81 b2 5 49 c 5 Ïwa2 2 b2w
O x
a 5 Ï81 w or 9 b 5 Ï49 w or 7 c 5 Ï81w9 2 4w or 4Ï2
w (21, 22)
(3, 22)
foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (0 6 4Ï2w, 4) or (64Ï2 w, 4) (1, 22)
major axis vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (0 6 9, 4) or
(69, 4)
minor axis vertices: (h, k 6 b) 5 (0, 4 6 7) or (1, 25)
(0, 11), (0, 23)
11. center: (h, k) 5 (22, 23)
y 8
(0, 11) a 5 }2} or 4
2
b 5 }2} or 1
(29, 4) (0, 4) (y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
(9, 4)
}}
a2 1 }b} 2 51
[y 2 (23)]2 [x 2 (22)]2
}}
42 1 }1} 2 51
O x
(y 1 3)2 (x 1 2)2
(0, 23) }} 1 }}
16 1 51
12. The major axis contains the foci and it is located
9. 25x2 1 9y2 1 100x 2 18y 5 116 on the x-axis.
25(x2 1 4x 1 ?) 1 9(y2 2 2y 1 ?) 5 116 1 ? 1 ?
center: (h, k) 5 1}2}, }2}2 or (0, 0)
21 1 1 0 1 0
25(x2 1 4x 1 4) 1 9(y2 2 2y 1 1) 5 116 1 25(4) 1 9(1)
25(x 1 2)2 1 9(y 2 1)2 5 225 c 5 1, a 5 4
(x 1 2)2 (y 2 1)2
}} 1 }} 5 1 c2 5 a2 2 b2
9 25
12 5 42 2 b2
center: (h, k) 5 (22, 1) b2 5 15
a2 5 25 b2 5 9 c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w (x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
a 5 Ï25 w or 5 b 5 Ï9w or 3 c 5 Ï25 w9 2 w or 4
}}
a2 1 }b}
2 51
(x 2 0)2 (y 2 0)2
foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 (22, 1 6 4) or (22, 5), (22, 23) }} 1 }15} 5 1
42
major axis vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (22, 1 6 5) or x2 y2
(22, 6), (22, 24) }}
16 1 }15} 5 1
minor axis vertices: (h 6 b, k) 5 (22 6 3, 1) or 13. center: (h, k) 5 (1, 2)
(1, 1), (25, 1)
y The points at (1, 4) and
(22, 6) y (5, 2) are vertices of the
(1, 4) ellipse.

(5, 2)
(25, 1) (22, 1) (1, 1) (1, 2)
O x O x

a 5 4, b 5 2
(22, 24) (x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
}}
a2 1 }b}
2 51
(x 2 1)2 (y 2 2)2
}}
42 1 }2}
2 51
(x 2 1)2 (y 2 2)2
}}
16 1 }4} 5 1

Chapter 10 318
14. center: (h, k) 5 (3, 1) foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 13, 4 6 Ï39
w2
a56 25c 19. center: (h, k) 5 (22, 1)
c
e 5 }a} c2 5 a2 2 b2 a2 5 4 b2 5 1 c 5 Ïw
a2 2 b2w
1 c 22 5 62 2 b2 a 5 Ï4 w or 2 b 5 Ï1 w or 1 c 5 Ï4w 2 1 or Ï3
w
}}
3 5 }6} 4 5 36 2 b2 foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 (22, 1 6 Ï3 w)
major axis vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (22, 1 6 2) or
b2 5 32 (22, 3), (22, 21)
(y 2 k)2 (h 2 h)2 minor axis vertices: (h 6 b, k) 5 (22 6 1, 1) or
}}
a2 1 }b} 2 51
(y 2 1)2 (x 2 3)2
(21, 1), (23, 1)y
}}
62 1 }32} 51
(y 2 1)2 (x 2 3)2
}} 1 }}
36 32 51 (22, 3) (22, 1)
15. The major axis contains the foci and is located on
(23, 1) (21, 1)
the x-axis.
center: (h, k) 5 (0, 0) O x
c 5 0.141732 (22, 21)
1
a 5 }2}(3.048) or 1.524
c2 5 a2 2 b2
(0.141732)2 5 (1.524)2 2 b2 20. center: (h, k) 5 (6, 7)
0.020 5 2.323 2 b2 a2 5 121 b2 5 100
b2 5 2.302 a 5 Ï121
w or 11 b 5 Ï100
w or 10
b ø 1.517 c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w
(x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
}} 1 }b} 51 c 5 Ï121w 2w100 or Ï21w
a2 2
(x 2 0)2 (y 2 0)2 foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 (6, 7 6 Ï21
w)
}} } }
1.5242 1 1.5172 51 major axis vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (6, 7 6 11) or
x2 y2 (6, 18), (6, 2 4)
}} }}
1.5242 1 1.5172 51
minor axis vertices: (h 6 b, k) 5 (6 6 10, 7) or
y (24, 7)
(16, 7),
(6, 18)
Pages 638–641 Exercises
16. center: (h, k) 5 (0, 25)
a 5 0 2 (27) or 7
b 5 25 2 0 or 5
(x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
(6, 7)
}} 1 }b} 51 (24, 7)
a2 2 (16, 7)
(x 2 0)2 (y 2 (25)]2
}}
72 1 }5} 2 51
x2 (y 1 5)2
}} 1 }}
49 25 51 O x
c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w (6, 24)
c 5 Ïw 72 2 52w or 2Ï6w
foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (0 6 2Ï6 w, 25)
5 (62Ï6 w, 25) 21. center: (h, k) 5 (4, 26)
17. center: (h, k) 5 (22, 0) a2 5 16 b2 5 9 c 5 Ïwa2 2 b2w
a 5 22 2 2 or 4 a 5 Ï16 w or 4 b 5 Ï9 w or 3 c 5 Ï16w9 2 w or Ï7
w
b 5 0 2 2 or 2 foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (4 6 Ï7
w, 26)
(x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2 major axis vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (4 6 4, 26) or
}}
a2 1 }b} 2 51
(8, 26), (0, 26)
[x 2 (22)]2 (y 2 0)2
}}
42
}
1 22 } 51 minor axis vertices: (h, k 6 b) 5 (4, 26 6 3) or
(x 1 2)2 y2 y 23), (4, 29)
(4,
}} 1 }}
16 4 51
c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w O x
c 5 Ïw 42 2 22w or 2Ï3
w (4, 23)
w, 0)
foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (22 6 2Ï3
18. centers: (h, k) 5 (23, 4) (4, 26)
a 5 4 2 12 or 8 (0, 26)
(8, 26)
b 5 23 2 2 or 5
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2 (4, 29)
}}
a2 1 }b} 2 51
(y 2 4)2 [x 2 (23)]2
}}
82 1 }5} 2 51
(y 2 4)2 (x 1 3)2
}} 1 }}
64 25 51
c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w
c 5 Ïw
82 2 52w or Ï39
w

319 Chapter 10
22. (h, k) 5 (0, 0) y
(3, 8)
a2 5 9 b2 5 4 c 5 Ïwa2 2 b2w
a 5 Ï9 w or 3 b 5 Ï4w or 2 c 5 Ï9 w 2 4 or Ï5
w
1
foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 0, 0 6 Ï5w or 0, 6 Ï5w 2 1 2 (3, 4)
major axis vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (0, 0 6 3) or (8, 4)
(22, 4)
(0, 6 3)
minor axis vertices: (h 6 b, k) 5 (0 6 2, 0) or
(62, 0)
y O (3, 0) x
(0, 3)
25. 3x2 1 y2 1 18x 2 2y 1 4 5 0
(22, 0) (2, 0) 3(x2
1 6x 1 ?) 1 (y2 2 2 1 ?) 5 24
3(x 1 6x 1 9) 1 (y2 2 2y 1 1) 5 24 1 3(9) 1 1
2
O x
3(x 1 3)2 1 (y 2 1)2 5 24
(x 1 3)2 (y 2 1)2
}}
8 1 }24} 5 1
(0, 23)
center: (h, k) 5 (23, 1)
a2 5 24 b2 5 8
23. 4x2 y2
1 2 8x 1 6y 1 9 5 0
a 5 Ï24w or 2Ï6 w b 5 Ï8w or 2Ï2
w
4(x2 2 2x 1 ?) 1 (y2 1 6y 1 ?) 5 29 1 ? 1 ?
4(x2 2 2x 1 1) 1 (y2 1 6y 1 9) 5 29 1 4(1) 1 9 c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w
4(x 2 1)2 2 (y 1 3)2 5 4 c 5 Ï24 w8 2 w or 4
(x 2 1)2 (y 1 3)2 foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 (23, 1 6 4) or (23, 5), (23, 23)
}} 1 }4} 5 1
1
major axis vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (23, 1 6 2Ï6 w)
center: (h, k) 5 (1, 23) minor axis vertices: (h 6 b, k) 5 (23 6 2Ï2 w, 1)
a2 5 4 b2 5 1 c 5 Ïw
a2 2 b2w
(23, 1 1 2Ï·6) y
a 5 Ï4 w or 2 b 5 Ï1w or 1 c 5 Ï4
w 2 1 or Ï3
w
1
foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 1, 23 6 Ï3 w 2
major axis vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (1, 23 6 2)
or (1, 21), (1, 25) (23, 1) (23 1 2Ï·2, 1)
minor axis vertices: (h 6 b, k) 5 (1 6 1, 23)
or (2, 23), (0, 23) (23 2 2Ï·2, 1) O x
y

(23, 1 22Ï·
6)
O (1, 21) x
26. 6x2 2 12x 1 6y 1 36y 5 36
(0, 23) (2, 23)
6(x2 2 2x 1 ?) 1 6(y2 1 6y 1 ?) 5 36
(1, 23) 6(x2 2 2x 1 1) 1 6(y2 1 6y 1 9) 5 36 1 6(1) 1 6(9)
(1, 25) 6(x 2 1)2 12 6(y 1 3)22 5 96
(x 2 1) (y 1 3)
}} 1 }} 5 1
16 16
24. 16x2 1 25y2 2 96x 2 200y 5 2144 center: (h, k) 5 (1, 23)
16(x2 2 6x 1 ?) 1 25(y2 2 8y 1 ?) 5 2144 1 ? 1 ?
a2 5 16 b2 5 16 c 5 Ïwa2 2 b2w
16(x2 2 6x 1 9) 1 25(y2 2 8y 1 16) 5
a 5 Ï16 w or 4 b 5 Ï16 w or 4 c 5 Ï16 w162 w or 0
2144 1 16(9) 1 25(16)
16(x 2 3)2 1 25(y 2 4)2 5 400 foci: (h 6 c, k) or (h, k 6 c) 5 (1, 23)
(x 2 3)2 (y 2 4)2 Since a 5 b 5 4, the vertices are (h 6 4, k) and
}}
25 1 }16} 5 1 (h, k 6 4) or (5, 23), (23, 23), (1, 1), (1, 27)
center: (h, k) 5 (3, 4) y
(1, 1)
a2 5 25 b2 5 16 c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w
a 5 Ï25 w or 5 b 5 Ï16 w or 4 c 5 Ï25 w162 w or 3
O x
foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (3 6 3, 4) or (6, 4), (0, 4)
major axis vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (3 6 5, 4) or (1, 23) (5, 23)
(8, 4), (22, 4) (23, 23)
major axis vertices: (h, k 6 b) 5 (3, 4 6 4) or
(3, 8), (3, 0)
(1, 27)

Chapter 10 320
27. 18y2 1 12x2 2 144y 2 48x 5 2120 29. 49x2 1 16y2 1 160y 2 384 5 0
18(y2 2 8y 1 ?) 1 12(x2 2 4x 1 ?) 5 2120 1 ? 1 ? 49x2 1 16( y2 1 10y 1 ?) 5 384 1 ?
18(y2 2 8y 1 16) 1 12(x2 2 4x 1 4) 5 49x2 1 16(y2 1 10y 1 25) 5 384 1 16(25)
2120 1 18(16) 1 12(4) 49x2 1 16(y 2 5)2 5 784
18(y 2 4)2 1 12(x 2 2)2 5 216 x2 ( y 1 5)2
}}
16 1 }49} 5 1
(y 2 4)2 (x 2 2)2
}}
12 1 }}
18 51 center: (h, k) 5 (0, 25)
center: (h, k) 5 (2, 4) a2 5 49 b2 5 16 c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w
a2 5 18 b2 5 12 a 5 Ï49w or 7 b 5 Ï16 w or 4 c 5 Ï49w162 w or Ï33
w
a 5 Ï18w or 3Ï2 w b 5 Ï12
w or 2Ï3
w foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 (0, 25 6 Ï33
w)
c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w major axis vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (0, 25 6 7) or
c 5 Ï18 w122 w or Ï6 w (0, 2), (0, 212)
minor axis vertices: (h 6 b, k) 5 (0 6 4, 25) or
foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (2 6 Ï6
w, 4)
(64, 25)
major axis vertices: (h 6 g, k) 5 (2 6 3Ï2 w, 4)
minor axis vertices: (h, k 6 b) 5 (2, 4 6 2Ï3 w) y
y (0, 2)
(2, 4 1 2Ï·3)
O x

(2, 4) (24, 25) (4, 25)

(0, 25)
(2 2 3Ï·2, 4) (2 1 3Ï·2, 4)

(0, 212)

O (2, 4 2 2Ï·3) x
30. 9y2 1 108y 1 4x2 2 56x 5 2484
9(y2
1 12y 1 ?) 1 4(x2 2 14x 1 ?) 5 2484 1 ? 1 ?
28. 4x2 2 8y 1 9x2 2 54x 1 49 5 0
9(y2 1 12y 1 36) 1 4(x2 2 14x 1 49) 5
4(y22 2y 1 ?) 1 9(x2 2 6x 1 ?) 5 249 1 ? 1 ?
2484 1 9(36) 1 4(49)
4(y 2 2y 1 1) 1 9(x2 2 6x 1 9) 5 249 1 4(1) 1 9(9)
2
9( y 1 6)2 1 4(x 2 7)2 5 36
4(y 2 1)2 1 9(x 2 3)2 5 36 (y 1 6)2 (x 2 7)2
( y 2 1)2 (x 2 3)2 }}
4 1 }9} 5 1
}}
9 1 }4} 5 1
center: (h, k) 5 (7, 26)
center: (h, k) 5 (3, 1) a2 5 9 b2 5 4 c 5 Ïwa2 2 b2w
a2 5 9 b2 5 4 c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w a 5 Ï9 w or 3 b 5 Ï4w or 2 c 5 Ï9w 2 4 or Ï5
w
a 5 Ï9 w or 3 b 5 Ï4w or 2 c 5 Ï9 w2 4 or Ï5 w foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (7 6 Ï5w, 26)
foci: ( j, k 6 c) 5 (3, 1 6 5) major axis vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (7 6 3, 26) or
major axis vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (3, 1 6 3) or (3, 4), (10, 26)(4, 26)
(3, 2) minor axis vertices: (h, k 6 b) 5 (7, 26 6 2) or
minor axis vertices: (h 6 b, k) 5 (3 6 2, 1) or (7, 24), (7, 28)
(5, 1), (1, 1)
y
y
(3, 4) O x

(7, 24)
(1, 1) (3, 1)
(5, 1)
(10, 26)
O x (4, 26)
(7, 26)

(3, 22) (7, 28)

31. a 5 7, b 5 5
(x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
}}
a2 1 }b} 2 51
[x 2 (23)]2 [y 2 (21)]2
}}
72 1 }5} 2 51
(x 1 3)2 (y 1 1)2
}} 1 }} 5 1
49 25

321 Chapter 10
32. The major axis contains the foci and it is located 36. The major axis contains the foci and it is the
on the x-axis. vertical axis of the ellipse.
center: (h, k) 5 1}0}, }2}2 or (0, 0)
22 1 2 0 1 0 5 2 (21)
c 5 }2} or 3
c 5 2, a 5 7 center: (h, k) 5 1}2}, }2}2 or (1, 2)
1 1 1 21 1 5
c2 5 a2 2 b2 (y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
22 5 72 2 b2 }}
a2 1 }b}
2 51 c2 5 a2 2 b2
b2 5 45 (2 2 2)2 ( y 2 1)2 32 5 a2 2 9
}} 1 }b} 51
(x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2 a2 2
18 5 a2
}}
a2 1 }b}
2 51 02 32
(x 2 0)2 ( y 2 0)2
}}
a2
1 }b}2 51
}}
72 1 }45} 5 1 9
x2 y2
}}
b2
51
5 51
}} 1 }4}
49 9 5 b2
3 (y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
33. b 5 }}a
4 }} 1 }} 51
a2 b2
3 (y 2 2)2 (x 2 1)2
65 }}a
4 }} 1 }} 51
18 9
85a 1 c
(x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
37. }} 5 }}
2 a b2 5 a2 2 c2
}}
a2 1 }b} 2 51 a
}} 5 c
b2 5 102 2 52
(x 2 0)2 ( y 2 0)2 2 b2 5 75
}}
82
}
1 62 } 51 10
}} 5 c
x2 y2 2
}} 1 }}
64 36 51
55c
34. The major axis contains the foci and it is the (x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
}}
a2 1 }b}
2 51
vertical axis of the ellipse.
(x 2 0)2 (y 2 0)2
center: (h, k) 5 1}2}, }2}2 or (21, 22)
21 1 (21) 1 1 (25) }} 1 }75} 5 1
102
x2 y2
c 5 1 2 k w
a 5 2Ï13 }}
100 1 }75} 5 1
c 5 1 2 (22) or 3 38. y tangent vertices:
c2 5 a2 2 b2 (4, 0) (4, 0), (0, 27)
1 2
2
32 5 2Ï13w 2 b2 O 4 8 12 x a 5 2 7 2 0 or 7
b2 5 52 2 9 24 b 5 4 2 0 or 4
(0, 27)
b2 5 43 28 (4, 27)
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
}}
a2 1 }b} 2 51
212
[y 2 (22)]2 [x 2 (21)]2
}}
(2Ïw13)2
1 }43} 51
( y 1 2)2 (x 1 1)2
}} 1 }}
52 43 51 (y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
}}
a2
1 }b} 2 51
35. y The horizontal axis of [y 2 (27)] (x 2 4)2
the ellipse is the major
}}
72
1 }4} 2 51
12 2
(22, 9) axis. (y 1 7) (x 2 4)2
}} 1 }}
49 16 51
8
(211, 5) 39. b 5 a2(1 2 e2)
2
(7, 5)
3 2
(22, 1)
4
b2 5 2231 2 1}4}2 4
28
212 28 24 O 4 8x b2 5 }}
16 or 1.75
Case 1: Horizontal axis is major axis.
(x 2 h)2 ( y 2 k)
enter: (h, k) 5 1 2 or (22, 5)
211 1 7 5 1 5
}}, }} }}
a2
1 }b} 2 51
2 2
(x 2 0)2 (y 2 0)2
h1a57 k1b59 }} 1} } 51
22 1.75
22 1 a 5 7 51b59 x2 y2
a59 b54
} } 1 }}
4 1.75 51
(x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2 Case 2: Vertical axis is major axis.
}}
a2
1 }}
b2
51
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
[x 2 (22)]2 ( y 2 5)2 }}
a2
1 }b}
2 51
}}
92
1 }}
42
51
(y 2 0)2 (x 2 0)2
1.75 5 1
(x 1 2)2 ( y 2 5)2 }} 1} }
}} 1 }} 51 22
81 16 y2 x2
1.75 5 1
}} 1} }
4

Chapter 10 322
40. The major axis contains the foci and it is the 44. 4x2 1 y2 2 8x 2 2y 5 21
horizontal axis of the ellipse. 4(x2 2 2x 1 ?) 1 (y2 2 2y 1 ?) 5 21 1 ? 1 ?
center: (h, k) 5 1}2}, }2}2 or (2, 5)
311 515 4(x2 2 2x 1 1) 1 (y2 2 2y 1 1) 5 21 1 4(1) 1 1
4(x 2 1)2 1 (y 2 1)2 5 4
foci: (3, 5) 5 (h 1 c, k)
(y 2 1)2 5 4 2 4(x 2 1)2
35h1c
3521c y 2 1 5 6Ïw 24 2 w 4(x 2 w1)2
15c y 5 6Ïw 4 2 4w (x 2 1w
)2 1 1
e 5 }a}
c
b2 5 a2(1 2 e2) Vertices: (0, 1),
(2, 1), (1, 21),
1 b2 5 42(1 2 0.252)
0.25 5 }} (1, 3)
a b2 5 15
a54
(x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
}}
a2
1 }b} 2 51
(x 2 2)2 ( y 2 5)2
}}
42
}
1 15 } 51
(x 2 2)2 (y 2 15)2 [24.7, 4.7] scl:1 by [23.1, 3.1] scl:1
}} 1 }}
16 15 51
20 45. 4x2 1 9y2 2 16x 1 18y 5 11
41. a 5 }2} or 10
4(x 2 4x 1 ?) 1 9(y2 1 2y 1 ?) 5 11 1 ? 1 ?
2
b2 5 a2(1 2 e2) 4(x2 2 4x 1 4) 1 9(y2 1 2y 1 1) 5 11 1 4(4) 1 9(1)
2
b2 5 10231 2 1}1}
02 4 or 51
7
4(x 2 2)2 1 9(y 1 1)2 5 36
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2 9(y 1 1)2 5 36 2 4(x 2 2)2
}} 1 }b} 51
!}
§ § §
a2 2 36 2 4(x 2 2) 2
(y 2 0)2 (x 2 3)2 y1156 9
}
}}
102
1 }51} 5 1
y 5 6!}
§§ §21
36 2 4(x 2 2) 2
y2 (x 2 3)2 }
}} 1 }} 5 1 9
100 51
42. focus: (1, 21 1 Ï5w) 5 (h, k 1 c) Vertices: (21, 21),
(5, 21), (2, 23),
21 1 Ï5 w5k1c
(2, 1)
21 1 Ï5 w 5 21 1 c
Ï5 w5c
c
e 5 }a} b2 5 a2(1 2 e2)
5 2
b2 5 3231 2 1}3}2 4
Ï5w Ï5
w Ïw
}}
3 5 }a}
a53 b2 5 4 [27.28, 7.28] scl:1 by [24.8, 4.8] scl:1
major axis: vertical axis 46. 25y2 1 16x2 2 150y 1 32x 5 159
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2 25(y2 2 6y 1 ?) 1 16(x2 1 2x 2 ?) 5 159 1 ? 1 ?
}}
a2
1 }b} 2 51
25(y2 2 6y 1 9) 1 16(x2 2 2x 1 1) 5
[y 2 (21)]2 (x 2 1)2
}} 1 }4} 5 1 159 1 25(9) 1 16(1)
32
( y 1 1) 2 (x 2 1)2 25(y 2 3)2 1 16(x 1 1)2 5 400
}} 1 }} 5 1
9 4 25(y 2 3)2 5 400 2 16(x 1 1)2
x2 1 4y2 2 6x
!}
§ §25 §
2
43. 1 24y 5 241 400 2 16(x 1 1)
( y 2 3) 5 6 }
(x2 2 6x 1 ?) 1 4(y2 1 6y 1 ?) 5 241 1 ? 1 ?
y 5 6!}
§ § 5 §13
400 2 16(x 1 1) 2
(x2 2 6x 1 9) 1 4(y2 1 6y 1 9) 5 241 1 9 1 4(9) }
(x 2 3)2 1 4(y 1 3)2 5 4
4(y 1 3)2 5 4 2(x 2 3)2 Vertices: (4, 3),
4 2 (x 2 3)2 (26, 3), (21, 7),
(y 1 3)2 5 }4} (21, 21)

!§
}§ §
4 2 (x 2 3) 2
y1356 4
}

y 5 6!}
§ § §23
4 2 (x 2 3) 2
}
4
vertices: (5, 23),
(1, 23), (3, 22), [215.16, 15.16] scl:1 by [210, 10] scl:1
(3, 24)

[27.28, 7.28] scl:1 by [24.8, 4.8] scl:1

323 Chapter 10
47. The target ball should be placed opposite the 8
52a. a 5 }2} or 4
pocket, Ï5 w feet from the center along the major
axis of the ellipse. The cue ball can be placed b53
anywhere on the side opposite the pocket. The c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w
ellipse has a semi-major axis of length 3 feet and a c 5 Ïw 42 2 32w
semi-minor axis of length 2 feet. Using the c 5 Ï7 w
equation c2 5 a2 2 b2, the focus of the ellipse is
foci: (h 6 c, 0) 5 (0 6 Ï7
w, 0) or (6Ï7w, 0)
found to be Ï5 w feet from the center of the ellipse.
Thus the hole is located at one focus of the ellipse. The thumbtacks should be placed (6Ï7 w, 0) from
The reflective properties of an ellipse should the center of the arch.
insure that a ball placed Ï5 w feet from the center 52b. With the string anchored by thumbtacks at the
of the ellipse and hit so that it rebounds once off foci of the arch and held taunt by a pencil, the
the wall should fall into the pocket at the other sum of the distances from each thumbtack to the
focus of the ellipse. pencil will remain constant.
48. A horizontal line; see students’ work. 53a. GOES 4; its eccentricity is closest to 0.
96 c
49a. a 5 }2} or 48 53b. y }} 5e
a
46 c
b5 }}
2 or 23 }}
6955 5 0.052
(h, k) 5 (0, 0) x c 5 361.66
(x 2 h)2 ( y 2 k)2 O
}}
a2
1 }b}
2 51 x
a c
(x 2 0)2 ( y 2 0)2
}}
482
1} }
232
51
x2 y2
}} 1 }}
2304 529 51
49b. c 5 Ïw
a2 2 b2w [figure not drawn to scale]
c 5 Ï2304
w2 w 529 x 5 a 1 c 2 Earth’s radius
c ø 42.13 x 5 6955 1 361.66 2 6357
He could have stood at a focal point, about 42 x 5 959.66
feet on either side of the center along the major x ø 960 km
axis. 54. x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0
49c. The distance between the focal points is 2c. 02 1 (29)2 1 D(0) 1 E(29) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
2c 5 2(42) 29E 1 F 5 281
5 84 72 1 (22)2 1 D(7) 1 E(22) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
about 84 ft 7D 2 2E 1 F 5 253
50a. x2 1 y2 5 r2 (25)2 1 (210)2 1 D(25) 1 E(210) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
x2 y2 25D 2 10E 1 F 5 2125
}}
r2
1 }r}2 51 A 5 pr2
x2 y2 2 9E 1 F 5 281
}}
a2
1 }b}2 51 A5p?r?r (21)(7D 2 2E 1 F) 5 (21)(253)
A5p?a?b 2 7D 2 7E 5 228
A 5 pab D1E54
x2 y2 7D 2 2E 1 F 5 253
50b. }} 1 }}
9 4 51
(21)(25D 2 10E 1 F) 5 (21)(2125)
a2 5 9 b2 5 4
a53 b52 12D 1 8E 5 72
A 5 pab (28)(D 1 E) 5 (8)(4)
A 5 p(3)(2) 12D 1 8E 5 72
A 5 6p units2 4D 5 40
51. If (x, y) is a point on the ellipse, then show that D 5 10
(2x, 2y) is also on the ellipse. D1E54 29E 1 F 5 281
x2 y2 10 1 E 5 4 29(26) 1 F 5 281
}}
a2
1 }b}2 5 1 E 5 26 F 5 2135
(2x)2 (2y)2
}} 1 }b} 51 x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0
a2 2
x2 y2 x2 1 y2 1 10x 2 6y 2 135 5 0
}}
a2
1 }b}2 5 1 (x 1 10x 1 25) 1 (y2 2 6y 1 9) 5 135 1 25 1 9
2

Thus, (2x, 2y) is also a point on the ellipse and (x 1 5)2 1 (y 2 3)2 5 169
the ellipse is symmetric with respect to the origin.

Chapter 10 324
 center: (h, k) 5 (25, 3) 60. Let h 5 0.1.
radius: r2 5 169 x 2 h 5 x 2 0.1
r 5 13 5 21 2 0.1 or 21.1
y f(x 2 0.1) 5 f(21.1)
(25, 16) 5 (21.1)2 1 4(21.1) 2 12
5 215.19
(25, 3) (8, 3)
x 1 h 5 x 1 0.1
5 21 1 0.1 or 20.9
O x f(x 1 0.1) 5 f(20.9)
5 (20.9)2 1 4(20.9) 2 12
5 214.79
f(x) 5 216
f(x) , f(x 2 0.1) and f(x) , f(x 2 0.1), so the point
55. Graph the quadrilateral with vertices A(21, 22), is a location of a minimum.
B(5, 24), C(4, 1), and D(25, 4).
61. The graph of the parent function g(x) 5 x is
A quadrilateral is a D (25, 4) y translated 2 units right.
parallelogram if one
pair of opposite sides g (x )
C (4, 1)
are parallel and
congruent. x
O

A(21, 22)
B (5, 24) O x
slope of w
DAw slope of ww
CB
y2 2 y1 y2 2 y1
m5 } }
x2 2 x1 m5} }
x 2x 62. Initial location: (2, 0)
2 1

3 43 4 3 4
22 2 4 24 2 1
5 }}
21 2 (25) 5 }}
524 Rot90 5 0 21 2 5 0 or (0, 2)
26 3 5 1 0 0 2
5 }} or }} 5 2}1}
3 43 4 3 4
0 2 5 22 or (22, 0)
4 2
Rot80 5 21
wA
The slopes are not equal, so D w @i ww. The
CB 0 21 0 0
quadrilateral is not a parallelogram; no.
3 43 4 3 4
Rot270 5 0 1 2 0
5 or (0, 22)
56. cos 2v 5 1 2 2 sin2 v 21 0 0 22
7 2
cos 2v 5 1 2 21}8}2 63. m/QTS 1 m/TSR 5 180
234 17 a 1 b 1 c 1 d 5 180 p 1 b 1 c 5 180
cos 2v 5 }}
64 or 2}32} b 1 b 1 c 1 c 5 180 p 1 90 5 180
2p
57. A 5 4 }}
k 5 180 2b 1 2c 5 180 p 5 90
b 1 c 5 90
A 5 64 k52
c
The correct choice is C.
2}k} 5 20° h50
c
2}2} 5 20°
Page 641 Graphing Calculator Exploration
c 5 240°
1. Sample answer: The graph will shift 4 units to the
y 5 A cos(kx 1 c) 1 h
right.
y 5 64 cos[2x 1 (240°)] 1 0
y 5 64 cos(2x 2 40°)
58. A 5 180° 2 (121° 328 1 42° 58) or 16° 238
a b a c
}} 5} } }} 5} }
sin A sin B sin A sin C
4.1 b 4.1 c
}} 5} } }} 5} }
sin 16° 238 sin 42° 58 sin 16° 238 sin 121° 328
4.1 sin 42° 58 4.1 sin 121° 328
}}
sin 16° 238 5b }}
sin 16° 238 5c
9.7 ø b 12.4 ø c
59. P(x) 5 x4 2 4x3 2 2x2 2 1 [215.16, 15.16] scl:2 by [210, 10] scl:2
P(5) 5 54 2 4(5)3 2 2(5)2 2 1
P(5) 5 74
P(5) Þ 0; no, the binomial is not a factor of the
polynomial.

325 Chapter 10
 2. Sample answer: The graph will shift 4 units to the 2. transverse axis: vertical
left. 2a 5 4
a52
An equation2in standard form of the hyperbola
y y2
must have }2}2 or }4} as the first term; b.
c
3. e 5 }a}, so ae 5 c and a2e2 5 c2.
Since c2 5 a2 1 b2 we have
a2e2 5 a2 1 b2
a e 2 a2 5 b2
2 2
a2(e2 2 1) 5 b2
[215.16, 15.16] scl:2 by [210, 10] scl:2
4. With the equation in standard form, if the first
3. Sample answer: The graph will shift 4 units up.
expression contains “x”, the transverse axis is
horizontal. If the first expression contains “y”, the
transverse axis is vertical.
5. center: (h, k) 5 (0, 0)
a2 5 25 b2 5 4 c 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w
a55 b52 c 5 Ï25w4 1 w or Ï29w
transverse axis: horizontal
foci: (h 1 c, k) 5 (0 6 Ï29
w, 0) or (6Ï29w, 0)
vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (0 6 5, 0) or (65, 0)
[215.16, 15.16] scl:2 by [210, 10] scl:2 b
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6}a}(x 2 h)
4. Sample answer: The graph will shift 4 units down. 2
y 2 0 5 6}5}(x 2 0)
2
y 5 6}5}x
y
8

(25, 0) 4 (5, 0)

28 24 O 4 8 x
[218.19, 18.19] scl:2 by [212, 12] scl:2 24
5. Sample answer: The graph will rotate 90°. 28

6. center: (h, k) 5 (2, 3)

a2 5 16 b2 5 4 c 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w
a 5 Ï16 w or 4 b 5 Ï4 w or 2 c 5 Ï16 w4 1 w or 2Ï5w
transverse axis: vertical
foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 12, 3 6 2Ï5 w2
vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (2, 3 6 4) or (2, 7), (2, 21)
a
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6 }b}(x 2 h)
[215.16, 15.16] scl:2 by [210, 10] scl:2
4
6. For (x 1 c), the graph will shift c units to the left. y 2 3 5 6 }2}(x 2 2)
For (x 2 c), the graph will shift c units to the y 2 3 5 62(x 2 2)
right. y
7. For (y 1 c), the graph will shift c units down. For
(2, 7)
(y 2 c), the graph will shift c units up.
8. The graph will rotate 90°.

(2, 3)

10-4 Hyperbolas
O x
(2, 21)
Pages 649–650 Check For Understanding
1. The equations of both hyperbolas and ellipses
have x2 terms and y2 terms. In an ellipse, the
terms are added and in a hyperbola these terms
are subtracted.

Chapter 10 326
 7. y2 2 5x2 1 20x 5 50 11. 2b 5 6
y2 2 5(x2 2 4x 1 ?) 5 50 1 ? b53
center: 1}2}, }2}2 5 1}2}, }2}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 313 420
y2 2 5(x2 2 4x 1 4) 5 50 1 (25)(4)
y2 2 5(x 2 2)2 5 30 5 (3, 2)
y2 (x 2 2)2
}}
30 2 }6} 5 1 transverse axis: vertical
x2h5x22 y2k5y a 5 4 2 2 or 2
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
h52 k50 }} 2 }b} 51
a2 2
center: (h, k) 5 (2, 0) (y 2 2)2 (x 2 3)2
a2 5 30 b2 5 6 c 5 Ïw
a2 2 b2w
}}
22
2 }3}
2 51
(y 2 2)2 (x 2 3)2
a 5 Ï30 w b 5 Ï6 w c 5 Ï30
w6 1 w or 6 }} 2 }9} 5 1
4
transverse axis: vertical
12. center: 1}2}, }2}2 5 1}2}, }2}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 0 1 0 6 1 (26)
foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 (2, 0 6 6) or (2, 66)
vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 12, 0 6 Ï30 w2 or 12, 6Ï30w2 5 (0, 0)
asymptotes: y 2 k 5
a
6 }b}(x 2 h) transverse axis: vertical
c 5 distance from center to a focus
Ï3 w0
y205 6}}(x 2 2)
Ïw 6
5 0 2 6 or 6
w(x 2 2)
y 5 6Ï5 b2 5 c2 2 a2 b2 5 a2
2
a 5c 2a2 2 b2 5 18
y 2 2
2a 5 c
8 c2
a2 5 }2}
4 (2, Ï··30) 62
a2 5 }2} or 18
(2, 0)
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
24 O 4 8x
}}
a2
2 }b}
2 51
24 30)
(2, 2Ï·· (y 2 0)2 (x 2 0)2
}}
18 2 }18} 5 1
y2 x2
28 }} 2 }} 5 1
18 18

13. center: 1 2 5 1}2}, }2}2

x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 10 1 (210) 0 1 0
2 ,
} } }}
2
8. center: (h, k) 5 (0, 5) 5 (0, 0)
transverse axis: horizontal transverse axis: horizontal
a 5 5, b 5 3 c 5 distance from center to a focus
(x 2 h)2 ( y 2 k)2
}} 2 }b} 51 5 10 2 0 or 10
a2 2
c
(x 2 0)2 ( y 2 5)2 e 5 }a} b2 5 c2 2 a2
}}
52
2 }3}
2 51
5 10
x2 ( y 2 5)2 }}
3 5 }a} b2 5 102 2 62
}}
25 2 }9} 5 1
b2 564
9. c 5 29
a56
quadrants: II and IV (x 2 h)2 ( y 2 k)2
transverse axis: y 5 2x }}
a2
2 }b}
2 51
vertices: xy 5 29 xy 5 29 (x 2 0)2 ( y 2 0)2
}}
62
2 }64} 5 1
3(23) 5 29 23(3) 5 29
x2 y2
(3, 23) (23, 3) }}
36 2 }64} 5 1
y 14a. The origin is located midway between stations A
and B; (h, k) 5 (0, 0). The stations are located at
the foci, so 2c 5 130 or c 5 65.
(23, 3)
y
O x

(3, 23)
A(265, 0) O B (65, 0) x

10. center: (h, k) 5 (1, 24) The difference of the distances from the plane to
(x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2 each station is 50 miles.
}}
a2
2 }b} 2 51
50 5 2a (Definition of hyperbola)
(x 2 1)2 [y 2 (24)]2
}}
52
2 }2} 2 51 25 5 a
(x 2 1)2 ( y 1 4)2 b2 5 c2 2 a2
}} 2 }} 51
25 4 b2 5 652 2 252
b2 5 3600

327 Chapter 10
 transverse axis: horizontal 16. center: (h, k) 5 (0, 5)
(x 2 h)2 ( y 2 k)2
}} 2 }b} 51 a2 5 9 b2 5 81
a2 2
(x 2 0)2 ( y 2 0)2 a 5 Ï9 w or 3 b 5 Ï81w or 9
}}
252
2} }
3600
51 c 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w
x2 y2
}} 2 }} 51 c 5 Ï9 w1
1 8w or 3Ï10 w
625 3600
transverse axis: horizontal
14b. Vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (0 6 25, 0) or (625, 0)
b
w, 5) or (63Ï10
foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (0 6 3Ï10 w, 5)
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6}a}(x 2 h) vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (0 6 3, 5) or (63, 5)
Ï3
w600 b
y 2 0 5 6}25}(x 2 0) asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6}a}(x 2 h)
12 9
y 5 6}5}x y 2 5 5 6}3}(x 2 0)

y y 2 5 5 63x
Plane
60
located y
on this
branch 40
(0, 5)
Station A 20 Station B
(65, 0) (23, 5) (3, 5)
(265, 0)
260 240 220 O 20 40 60 x
220 O x

240

260
17. center: (h, k) 5 (0, 0)
a2 5 4 b2 5 49
14c. Let y 5 6. a 5 Ï4 w or 2 b 5 Ï49
w or 7
x2 y2 c 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w
3600 5 1
}} 2} }
625 c 5 Ï4 w91 4w or Ï53w
x2 62
}}
625 3600 5 1
2} } transverse axis: horizontal
x2 36 foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (0 6 Ï53
w, 0) or (6Ï53w, 0)
3600 5 1
}} 2} }
625 vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (0 6 2, 0) or (62, 0)
x2 36 b
}}
625 511} }
3600 asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6 }a}(x 2 h)
x2 7
}}
625 5 1.01 y 2 0 5 6}2}(x 2 0)
x2
5 625(1.01) y 5 6}2}x
7
x2 5 631.25
w5
x 5 6Ï631.2 w y
8
x ø 625.1
Since the phase is closer to station A than 4
station B, use the negative value of x to locate (22, 0) (2, 0)
the ship at (225.1, 6). 24 22 O 2 4x
24

28
Pages 650–652 Exercises
15. center: (h, k) 5 (0, 0) 18. center: (h, k) 5 (21, 7)
a2 5 100 b2 5 16
a2 5 64 b2 5 4
a 5 Ï100w or 10 b 5 Ï16
w or 4
a 5 Ï64w or 8 b 5 Ï4w or 2
c 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w
c 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w
c 5 Ï100
w 1w w
16 or 2Ï29
c 5 Ï64w4 1 w or 2Ï17w
transverse axis: horizontal
transverse axis: vertical
foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (0 6 2Ï29w, 0) or (62Ï29
w, 0)
w)
foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 (21, 7 6 2Ï17
vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (0 6 10, 0) or (610, 0)
b vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 y
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6 }a}(x 2 h) (21, 7 6 8) or (21, 15), (21, 21)
4 y a
y 2 0 5 6 }1}
0 (x 2 0) asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6}b}(x 2 h)
2 8 (21, 15)
8
y 5 6}5}x y 2 7 5 6}2}[x 2 (21)]
4 y 2 7 5 64(x 1 1) (21, 7)
(210, 0) (10, 0)
216 28 O 8 16 x
24 O
(21, 21) x
28

Chapter 10 328
19. x2 2 4y2 1 6x 2 8y 5 11 21. 16y2 2 25x2 2 96y 1 100x 2 356 5 0
(x2 1 6x 1 ?) 2 4( y2 1 2y 1 ?) 5 11 1 ? 1 ? 16(y2 2 6y 1 ?) 2 25(x2 2 4x 1 ?) 5 356
(x2 1 6x 1 9) 2 4( y2 1 2y 1 1) 5 11 1 9 1 (24)(1) 16(y2 2 6y 1 9) 2 25(x2 2 4x 1 4) 5 356 1 16(9) 2 25(4)
(x 1 3)2 2 4( y 1 1)2 5 16 16(y 2 3)2 2 25(x 2 2)2 5 400
(x 1 3)2 (y 1 1)2 (y 2 3)2 (x 2 2)2
}}
16 2 }4} 5 1 }} 2 }} 5 1
25 16
center: (h, k) 5 (23, 21) center: (h, k) 5 (2, 3)
a2 5 16 b2 5 4 c 5 Ïw
a2 1 b2w a2 5 25 b2 5 16 c 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w
a 5 Ï16 w or 4 b 5 Ï4
2 w or 2 c 5 Ï16
w4 1 w or 2Ï5
w a 5 Ï25 w b 5 Ï16
w c 5 Ï25 w16 1w
transverse axis: horizontal or 5 or 4 or Ï41
w
foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (23 6 2Ï5 w, 21) transverse axis: vertical
vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (23 6 4, 21) or (1, 21), foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 (2, 3 6 Ï41
w)
(27, 21) vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (2, 3 6 5) or (2, 8), (2, 22)
b a
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6 }a}(x 2 h) asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6}b}(x 2 h)
2 5
y 2 (21) 5 6 }4}[x 2 (23)] y 2 3 5 6}4}(x 2 2)
1
y 1 1 5 6}2}(x 1 3) y
y
(2, 8)

O (2, 3)
x
(27, 21) (1, 21)
(23, 21)
O x

(2, 22)

20. 24x 1 9y2 2 24x 2 90y 1 153 5 0 22. 36x2 249y2 272x2294y52169
9( y2 2 10y 1 ?) 2 4(x2 1 6x 1 ?) 5 2153 36(x2 22x1?)249(y2 16y1?)521691?1?
9( y2 2 10y 1 25) 2 4(x2 1 6x 1 9) 5 2153 1 36(x22x11)249(y2 16y19)52169136(1)249(9)
9(25) 2 4(9) 36(x21)2 249(y13)2 51764
9( y 2 5)2 2 4(x 1 3)2 5 36 (x2 1)2 (y1 3)2
}} 2 }} 51
(y 2 5)2 (x 1 3)2 49 36
}}
4 2 }}
9 51
center: (h, k) 5 (1, 23)
center: (h, k) 5 (23, 5) a2 5 49 b2 5 36 c 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w
a2 5 4 b2 5 9 c 5 Ïwa2 1 b2w a 5 Ï49 w b 5 Ï36
w c 5 Ï49
w36 1w
a 5 Ï4 w or 2 b 5 Ï9w or 3 c 5 Ï4 w1 9 or Ï13w or 7 or 6 or Ï85
w
transverse axis: vertical transverse axis: horizontal
foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 (23, 5 6 Ï13w) foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (1 6 Ï85
w, 23)
vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (23, 5 6 2) or (23, 7), (23, 3) vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (1 6 7, 23) or (8, 23),
a
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6 }b}(x 2 h) (26, 23)
b
2
y 2 5 5 6}3}[x 2 (23)] asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6}a}(x 2 h)
6
2
y 2 5 5 6}3}(x 1 3) y 2 (23) 5 6}7}(x 2 1)
6
y y 1 3 5 6}7}(x 2 1)
y
(23, 7)

(23, 5)
O x
(23, 3) x (26, 23) (8, 23)
(1, 23)
O

329 Chapter 10
23. 25y2 2 9x2 2 100y 2 72x 2 269 5 0 27. c 5 49
25(y2 2 4y 1 ?) 2 9(x2 1 8x 1 ?) 5 269 1 ? 1 ? quadrants: I and III
25(y2 2 4y 1 4) 2 9(x2 1 8x 1 16) 5 269 1 25(4) 2 9(16) transverse axis: y 5 x
25(y 2 2)2 2 9(x 1 4)2 5 225 vertices: xy 5 49 xy 5 49
(y 2 2)2 (x 1 4)2 7(7) 5 49 27(27) 5 49
}} 2 }} 5 1
9 25
(7, 7) (27, 27)
center: (h, k) 5 (24, 2)
a2 5 9 b2 5 25 c 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w y
a 5 Ï9 w b 5 Ï25w c 5 Ï9 w5
1 2w
or 3 or 5 or Ï34
w (7, 7)
transverse axis: vertical
foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 124, 2 6 Ï34
w2
O x
vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5
(24, 2 6 3) or (24, 5), (24, 21) (27, 27)
a
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6}b}(x 2 h)
3
y 2 2 5 6}5}[x 2 (24)]
3 28. c 5 236
y 2 2 5 6}5}(x 1 4)
quadrants: II and IV
y (24, 5) transverse axis: y 5 2x
(24, 2 1 Ï··
34) vertices: xy 5 236 xy 5 236
6(26) 5 36 26(6) 5 236
3
y 2 2 5 2 (x 1 4)
5 3 (6, 26) (26, 6)
y 2 2 5 (x 1 4)
(24, 2) 5
O y
x
(24, 21)
(24, 2 2 Ï··
34) (26, 6)

24. center: (h, k) 5 (4, 3)

O x
transverse axis: vertical
(6, 26)
a 5 4, b 5 3
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
}}
a2 2 }}
b2 51
(y 2 3)2 (x 2 4)2
}}
42 2 }}
32 51
(y 2 3)2 (x 2 4)2 29. 4xy 5 225
}}
16 2 }}
9 51 25
xy 5 2}4}
25. center: (h, k) 5 (0, 0) 25
transverse axis: horizontal c 5 2}4}
a 5 3, b 5 3 quadrants: II and IV
(x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
}}
a2 2 }b}
2 51 transverse axis: y 5 2x
(x 2 0)2 (y 2 0)2 25 25
}} 2 }3} 51 vertices: xy 5 2}4} xy 5 2}4}
32 2
x2
}}
9
y2
2 }9} 5 1
5
1 2
5
}} 2}} 5
2 2
25
2}4} 2}2}1}2}2 5 2}4}
5 5 25

26. center: (h, k) 5 (24, 0) 1 5

2
5
}}, 2 }}
2 2 12}52}, }52}2
transverse axis: vertical
y
a 5 2, b 5 1
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 b)2
}}
a2 2 }b} 2 51
(y 2 0)2
}} 2
[x 2 (24)]2
} } 51 (2 52, 52 )
22 12
y2 (x 1 4)2 x
}} 2 }}
4 1 51 O
( 52, 2 52 )

Chapter 10 330
30. 9xy 5 16 34. 2b 5 8
xy 5 }9}
16 b54
center: 1}2}, }2}2 5 1}2}, }2}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 23 1 (23) 9 1 (25)
16
c5 }}
9
5 (23, 2)
quadrants: I and III
transverse axis: vertical
transverse axis: y 5 x
16 16
a 5 distance from center to a vertex
vertices: xy 5 }9} xy 5 }9} 5 2 2 9 or 7
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
4 4
1 2 16
}} }} 5 }}
3 3 9 2}3}12}3}2 5 }9}
4 4 16 }}
a2 2 }b} 2 51
(y 2 2)2 [x 2 (23)]2
1 4 4
}}, }}
3 3 2 12}43}, 2}43}2 }}
72 2 }4} 2 51
(y 2 2)2 (x 1 3)2
}} 2 }} 5 1
y 49 16

1 2 5 1} }, } } 2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 8 1 (28) 0 1 0
35. center: }
2 ,
} }}
2 2 2
5 (0, 0)
( 43, 43 ) transverse axis: horizontal
O x c 5 distance from center to a focus
(2 43, 2 43 ) 5 0 2 8 or 8
b2 5 c2 2 a2 b2 5 a2
2
a 5c 2a2 2 b2 5 32
2a2 5 c2
c2
a2 5 }2}
31. center: (h, k) 5 (4, 22)
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2 82
}} 2 }b} 51 a2 5 }2} or 32
a2 2
[y 2 (22)]2 (x 2 4)2 (x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
}} 2 }3} 51
}}
a2 2 }b}
2 51
22 2
(y 1 2)2 (x 2 4)2 (x 2 0)2 (y 2 0)2
}} 2 }9} 5 1
}}
32 2 }32} 5 1
4
x2 y2
32. center: 1}2}, }2}2 5 1}2}, }2}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 0 1 0 3 1 (23) }}
32 2 }32} 5 1

5 (0, 0) 36. centers: (h, k) 5 (23, 1)

transverse axis: vertical c 5 distance from center to a focus
a 5 distance from center to a vertex 5 23 2 2 or 5
c
5 0 2 3] or 3 e 5 }a} b2 5 c2 2 a2
c 5 distance from center to a focus 5
}}
5 b2 5 52 2 42
5 0 2 (29) or 9 5 }a}
4 b2 5 9
b2 5 c2 2 a2 a54
b2 5 92 2 32 or 72 transverse axis: horizontal
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2 (x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
}}
a2 2 }b}
2 51 }} 2 }b} 51
a2 2
(y 2 0)2 (x 2 0)2 [x 2 (23)]2 (y 2 1)2
}}
32 2 }72} 5 1 }} 2 }9} 5 1
42
y2 x2 (x 1 3)2 (y 2 1)2
}}
9 2 }72} 5 1 }} 2 }9} 5 1
16
33. 2a 5 6 37. center: (h, k) 5 (4, 2)
a53 a 5 distance from center to a vertex
center: 1}2}, }2}2 5 1}2}, }2}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 5 1 (25) 2 1 2
5 2 2 5 or 3
5 (0, 2) transverse axis: vertical
transverse axis: horizontal 4y 1 4 5 3x
c 5 distance from center to a focus 4y 1 4 2 12 5 3x 2 12
5 0 2 5 or 5 4y 2 8 5 3x 2 12
b2 5 c2 2 a2 4(y 2 2) 5 3(x 2 4)
3
b2 5 52 2 32 or 16 y 2 2 5 }4}(x 2 4)
(x 2 b)2 (y 2 k)2 a 3
}}
a2 2 }b}
2 51 }} 5 }4}
b
(x 2 0)2 (y 2 2)2 3 3
}}
32 2 }}
16 51 }} 5 }4}
b
x2 (y 2 2)2
}}
9 2 }}
16 51 b54
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
}}
a2 2 }b}
2 51
(y 2 2)2 (x 2 4)2
}}
32 2 }4}
2 51
(y 2 2)2 (x 2 4)2
}}
9 2 }16} 5 1

331 Chapter 10
38. center: (h, k) 5 (3, 21) transverse axis: horizontal
a 5 distance from center to a vertex (x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
}}
a2 2 }b}
2 51
5 3 2 5 or 2
(x 2 0)2 (y 2 0)2
transverse axis: horizontal __
2 __
51
81 81
3x 2 11 5 2y }}
2
}}
2
3x 2 11 2 4 5 2y 2 4
2x2 2y2
3x 2 15 5 2y 2 4 }} 2 }} 5 1
81 81

42. center: 1 2 5 1} } }} 2
3(x 2 5) 5 2(y 2 2) x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
}, }}
1 1 1 5 1 (23)
2 ,
}
3 2 2 2
}}(x 2 5) 5 y 2 2
2 5 (1, 1)
3
y 2 2 5 }2}(x 2 5) c 5 distance from center to a focus
b 3 5 1 2 5 or 4
}} 5 }2}
a
transverse axis: vertical
b 3
}} 5 }2} a
2 }}
b 5 62 a2 5 (2b)2
b53
a2 5 41}5}2
16
(x 2 b)2 (y 2 k)2
a 5 2b
}}
a2 2 }b} 2 51 c2 5 a2 1 b2 64
(x 2 3)2 [y 2 (21)]2 42 5 (2b)2 1 b2 a2 5 }5}
}}
22 2 }3} 2 51
16 5 5b2
(x 2 3)2 (y 1 1)2
}} 2 }} 5 1 16
4 9 }} 5 b2
5
1 251 2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 0 1 0 8 1 (28)
39. center: (y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
2 ,
} } }} } } , }}
2 2 2 }}
a2
2 }b} 2 51
5 (0, 0) (y 2 1)2 (x 2 1)2
} 2 } 51
c 5 distance from center to a focus 64
}}
16
}}
5 0 2 8 or 8 5 5
c 5(y 2 1)2 5(x 2 1)2
e 5 }a} b2 5 c2 2 a2 }} 2 } }
64 16 51
4
}}
8
}}
b2 5 82 2 62 43a. quadrants: I and II
5
3 a b2 5 28 transverse axis: y 5 x
a56
transverse axis: vertical V
250
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2 200
}}
a2 2 }b}
2 51
150
(y 2 0)2 (x 2 0)2
}} 2 }28} 5 1 100
62
50
y2 x2
}} 2 }} 5 1
36 28 O 2 4 6 8 10 P
1 2 5 1} }, }}2
x1 2 x2 y1 1 y2 10 1 (22) 23 1 (23)
40. centers: }2}, }2} 2 2 43b. PV 5 505
5 (4, 23) (101)V 5 505
c 5 distance from center to a focus V 5 5.0 dm3
5 4 2 10 or 6 43c. PV 5 505
e 5 }a}
c
b2 5 c2 2 a2 (50.5)V 5 505
b2 5 62 2 52 V 5 10.0 dm3
6 6
}} 5 }a}
5 b2 5 11 43d. If the pressure is halved, then the volume is
a55 doubled, or V 5 2(original V ).
transverse axis: horizontal 44. In an equilateral hyperbola, a 5 b and
(x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2 c2 5 a2 1 b2.
}}
a2 2 }b} 2 51
c2 5 a2 1 a2 a5b
(x 2 4)2 [y 2 ( 23)]
}}
52 2 }11} 5 1 c2 5 2a2
(x 2 4)2 (y 1 3)2 c 5 aÏ2 w
}} 2 }} 5 1
25 11 c
Since e 5 }a}, we have
1 251 2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 9 1 (29) 0 1 0
41. center: }
2 ,
} }}
2
}}, } }
0 2 c
e 5 }a}
5 (0, 0)
aÏ2w
c 5 distance from center to a focus e5 }
a
5 0 2 9 or 9 e 5 Ï2w
b 2 5 c 2 2 a2 b2 5 a2 Thus, the eccentricity of any equilateral hyperbola
a2 5 92 2 a2
81
b2 5 }2} is Ï2
w.
2a2 5 81
81
a2 5 }2}

Chapter 10 332
45a. y The lightning is 2200 feet farther from station B
than from station A. The difference of distances
equals 2a.
150 ft
2200 5 2a (Definition of hyperbola)
O x 1100 5 a
b2 5 c2 2 a2
b 5 Ïw c2 2 a2w
b 5 Ïw 10,56w 02 2 1w
1002
b ø 10,503
2a 5 150 center: (h, k) 5 (0, 0)
a 5 75 transverse axis: horizontal
c b2 5 c2 2 a2 (x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
e 5 }a}
}}
a2 2 }b}
2 51
b2 5 1252 2 752 (x 2 0)2 (y 2 0)2
5 c
b2 5 10,000 10,5032 5 1
}} }} }} 2} }
3 5 75 11002
b 5 100 x2 y2
125 5 c }}
11002 10,5032 5 1
2} }

transverse axis: horizontal 47. center: (h, k) 5 (0, 0)

center: (h, k) 5 (0, 0) c 5 0 2 6 or 6
(x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
}} 2 }b} 51 PF1 2 PF2 5 10
a2 2
(x 2 0)2 (y 2 0)2 2a 5 10 PF1 2 PF2 5 2a
1002 5 1
}} 2} }
752 a55
x2 y2 b2 5 c2 2 a2
1002 5 1
}} 2} }
752
b2 5 62 2 52
45b. y b2 5 11
(x, 100) transverse axis: horizontal
(0, 100) (x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
}}
a2 2 }b}
2 51
O x (x 2 0)2 (y 2 0)2
}}
52 2 }11} 5 1
x2 y2
}}
25 2 }11} 5 1
(0, 2350) (x, 2350) x2 y2
48a. }}
16 2 }9} 5 1
center: (h, k) 5 (0, 0)
x2 y2 a2 5 16 b2 5 9
top: }}
752 2 }}
1002 51
x2 1002 a 5 Ï16w or 4 b 5 Ï9 w or 3
}}
752 2 }}
1002 51 (x, y) 5 (x, 100) transverse axis: horizontal
x2 vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (0 6 4, 0) or (64, 0)
}}
752 2151
b
x2 asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6}a}(x 2 h)
}}
752 52
3
x2 5 11,250 y 2 0 5 6}4}(x 2 h)
x ø 106.07 ft 3
y 5 6}4}x
x2 y2
base: }} 2} } 51 y2 x2
752 1002 }} 2 }16} 5 1
9
x2 (2350)2
}}
752 2
}}
1002 51 (x, y) 5 (x, 2350) center: (h, k) 5 (0, 0)
x2 a2 5 9 b2 5 16
}}
752 2 12.25 5 1
a 5 Ï9 w or 3 b 5 Ï16w or 4
x2
}}
752 5 13.25 transverse axis: vertical
5 74,531.25x2 vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (0, 0 6 3) or (0, 63)
a
x ø 273.00 ft asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6}b}(x 2 h)
46. The origin is located midway between stations A 3
y 2 0 5 6}4}(x 2 0)
and B. The stations are located at the foci, so 3
2c 5 4 or c 5 2 miles. y 5 6}4}x
c 5 2 mi y
5280 ft
c 5 2 mi ? } }
1 mi
c 5 10,560 ft
d 5 rt y
d 5 1100(2) or 2200 ft
O x

A B
(210,560, 0) O (10,560, 0) x

333 Chapter 10
48b. They are the same lines. 51. y
(y 2 2)2 (x 2 3)2 D (3, 6)
48c. }}
25 2 }}
16 51
(x 2 3)2 (y 2 2)2
48d. }}
16 2 }}
25 51 A (21, 3)
center: (h, k) 5 (3, 2) C (6, 2)
a2 5 16 b2 5 25
a 5 Ï16w or 4 b 5 Ï25 w or 5
O x
transverse axis: horizontal
B (2, 21)
vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (3 6 4, 2) or (7, 2), (21, 2)
AB 5 Ïw(2 1 1w)2 1 (2w
1 2 3w
b
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6}a}(x 2 h) )2 5 5
5 BC 5 Ïw(2 2 6w) 1 (2w
2 1 2 2w)2 5 5
y 2 2 5 6}4}(x 2 3)
(y 22)2 (x 2 3)2 CD 5 Ïw (6 2 3w
) 1 (2w
2 2
2 6) 5 5
}}
25 2 }16} 5 1 AD 5 Ïw(3 1 1w)2 1 (6w
2 3)2 5 5
center: (h, k) 5 (3, 2) wD
Thus, ABCD is a rhombus. The slope of A w5
a2 5 25 b2 5 16 623 3
wB
or }4} and the slope of A w5}
311 4
21 2 2 or 2 3 .
}} } }}
311
a 5 Ï25w or 5 b 5 Ï16w or 4
transverse axis: vertical Thus, w w is perpendicular to A
AD wBw and ABCD is a
vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (3, 2 6 5) or (3, 7), (3, 23) square.
a 52. (r, v) 5 (90, 208°)
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6}b}(x 2 h)
(r, v 1 360 k°) 5 (90, 208° 1 360(21)°)
5
y 2 2 5 6}4}(x 2 3) 5 (90, 2152°)
y
(2r, v 1 (2k 1 1)(180°))
5 (290, 208 1 (2(21) 1 1)(180°))
8 5 (290, 28°)
53. 4(25) 1 21(2) 1 8(2) 5 26
4
No, the inner product of the two vectors is not
zero.
24 O 4 8 x
54. x cos f 1 y sin f 2 p 5 0
24
x cos 60 1 y sin 60 2 3 5 0
1 Ïw
3
}}x 1 }2} y 2 3 5 0
2
49. center: 1}2}, }2}2 5 1}2}, }2}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 2 1 2 3 1 (23)
x 1 Ï3
wy 2 6 5 0
5 (2, 0) 55. x
a54
c 5 distance from center to a focus
5 0 2 3 or 3 9000 m
b2 5 a2 2 c2 30˚
b2 5 42 2 32 or 7
major axis: vertical 60˚
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
}}
a2
1 }b} 2 51 x
(y 2 0)2 (x 2 2)2 tan 30° 5 } }
9000
}}
42
1 7 51
} }
9000 tan 30° 5 x
y2 (x 2 2)2
}}
16 1 }7} 5 1 5196 ø x
50. x2 1 y2 2 4x 1
14y 2 28 5 0 d 5 rt
d
(x2 2 4x 1 ?) 1 (y2 1 14y 1 ?) 5 28 1 ? 1 ? }}
t 5r
(x2 2 4x 1 4) 1 (y2 1 14y 1 49) 5 28 1 4 1 49 5196
(x 2 2)2 1 (y 1 7)2 5 81
}}
15 5r

y 346.4 ø r
about 346 m/s
56.
O x
(2, 27)
(11, 27)

(2, 216)
Since 20.2506 is closer to zero than 0.6864, the
zero is about 21.3.

Chapter 10 334
 7. y2 2 4x 1 2y 1 5 5 0
y2 1 2y 5 4x 2 5
y2 1 2y 1 ? 5 4x 2 5 1 ?
y2 1 2y 1 1 5 4x 2 5 1 1
(y 1 1) 5 4(x 2 1)
vertex: (h, k) 5 (1, 21)
4p 5 4
p51
Since 0.0784 is closer to zero than 20.2446, the focus: (h 1 p, k) 5 (1 1 1, 21) or (2, 21)
zero is about 20.6. directrix: x 5 h 2 p
57. Case 1: r is positive and s is negative. x5121
Case 2: r is negative and s is positive. x50
I. r3 . s3 is false if r is negative. axis of symmetry: y 5 k
II. r3 5 s2 is false for each case. y 5 21
III. r4 5 s4 is true for each case. y
The correct choice is C.
x50

10-5 Parabolas O (2, 21) x

(1, 21)
Pages 658–659 Check for Understanding
1. The equation of a parabola will have only one
squared term, while the equation of a hyperbola
will have two squared terms.
2. vertex: (h, k) 5 (2, 1)
8. x2 1 8x 1 4y 1 8 5 0
p 5 24
x2 1 8x 5 24y 2 8
(x 2 h)2 5 4p( y 2 k)
x2 1 8x 1 ? 5 24y 2 8 1 ?
(x 2 2)2 5 4(24)( y 2 1)
x2 1 8x 1 16 5 24y 2 8 1 16
(x 2 2)2 5 216(y 2 1)
(x 1 4)2 5 24(y 2 2)
3. The vertex and focus both lie on the axis of vertex: (h, k) 5 (24, 2)
symmetry. The directrix and axis of symmetry are 4p 5 24
perpendicular to each other. The focus and the p 5 21
point on the directrix collinear with the focus are focus: (h, k 1 p) 5 (24, 2 1 (21)) or (24, 1)
equidistant from the vertex. directrix: y 5 k 2 p
4. (h, k) 5 (24, 5) y 5 2 2 (21)
p 5 25 y53
(y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h) axis of symmetry: x 5 h
(y 2 5)2 5 4(25)[x 2 (24)] x 5 24
(y 2 5)2 5 220(x 1 4) y
5a. ellipse 5b. parabola
5c. hyperbola 5d. circle y53
(24, 2)
6. vertex: (h, k) 5 (0, 1)
4p 5 12 (24, 1)
p53 O x
focus: (h, k 1 p) 5 (0, 1 1 3) or (0, 4)
directrix: y 5 k 2 p
y5123
y 5 22
axis of symmetry: x 5 h
x50 9. vertex: (h, k) 5 (0, 0)
y opening: downward
p 5 24
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k) y
(0, 4)
(x 2 0)2 5 4(24)(y 2 0)
(0, 1) x2 5 216y
O x
O x

y 5 22

335 Chapter 10
10. (y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h) 12b. The maximum height is s 5 52 ft.
(21 2 5)2 5 4p[2 2 (27)] (h, k) 5 (27, 5); 12c. Let s 5 0.
(26)2 5 36p (x, y) 5 (2, 21) s 5 56t 2 16t2 1 3
15p 0 5 216t2 1 56t 1 3
(y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h) 2b 6 Ïwb2 2 4w
ac
t5 }}}
2a
(y 2 5)2 5 4(1)[x 2 (27)]
(y 2 5)2 5 4(x 1 7) 256 6 Ïw
562 2w4(21w
6)(3)
t5 }}}}
2(216)
y t ø 3.6 or 20.05
3.6 s

Pages 659–661 Exercises

(27, 5) 13. vertex: (h, k) 5 (0, 0)
4p 5 8
p52
x focus: (h 1 p, k) 5 (0 1 2, 0) or (2, 0)
O directrix: x 5 h 2 p
x5022
x 5 22
11. vertex: (h, k) 5 (4, 23)
axis of symmetry: y 5 k
opening: upward
y50
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k)
(5 2 4)2 5 4p[2 2 (23)] (h, k) 5 (4, 23); y
12 5 20p (x, y) 5 (5, 2)
1
}}
20 5p
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k)
O (2, 0) x
(x 2 4)2 5 41}2}
0 2( y 1 3)
1
x 5 22
1
(x 2 4)2 5 }5}( y 1 3)
y
14. vertex: (h, k) 5 (0, 3)
4p 5 24
x p51
O focus: (h, k 1 p) 5 (0, 3 1 (21)) or (0, 2)
directrix: y 5 k 2 p y
y 5 3 2 (21) y54
(4, 23) y54 (0, 3)
axis of symmetry: x 5 h
12a. s 5 v0t 2 16t2 1 3 x50 (0, 2)
s 5 56t 2 16t2 1 3 O x
2
216t 1 56t 5 s 2 3
2161t2 2 }5}t 1 ?2 5 s 2 3 1 ?
7

2161t2 2 }2}t 1 }1}

6 2 5 s 2 3 1 (216)1 16 2
7 49 49
}} 15. vertex: (h, k) 5 (0, 6)
7 2 4p 5 4
2161 2
t 2 }4} 5 s 2 52 p51
7 2
1 2 1
t 2 }4} 5 2}1}6 (s 2 52)
focus: (h 1 p, k) 5 (0 1 1, 6) or (1, 6)
7 2 directrix: x 5 h 2 p
1 2 1
1
t 2 }4} 5 4 2}64} (s 2 52) 2 x5021
vertex: (h,
7
1
k) 5 }4}, 52
55 2 s x 5 21
y
axis of symmetry: y 5 k
opening: downward 50
45 y56
x 5 21
40
35
30 (1, 6)
25 (0, 6)
20
15
10
5
O 1 2 3 4 x O x

Chapter 10 336
16. y 2 1 12x 5 2y 2 13 18. x2 1 10x 1 25 5 28y 1 24
y2 2 2y 5 212x 2 13 (x 1 5)2 5 28(y 2 3)
y2 2 2y 1 ? 5 212x 2 13 1 ? vertex: (h, k) 5 (25, 3)
y2 2 2y 1 1 5 212x 2 13 1 1 4p 5 28
( y 2 1)2 5 212(x 1 1) p 5 22
vertex: (h, k) 5 (21, 1) focus: (h, k 1 p) 5 (25, 3 1 (22)) or (25, 1)
4p 5 212 directrix: y 5 k 2 p
p 5 23 y 5 3 2 (22)
focus: (h 1 p, k) 5 (21 1 (23), 1) or (24, 1) y55
directrix: x 5 h 2 p axis of symmetry: x 5 h
x 5 21 2 (23) x 5 25
x52 y
axis of symmetry: y 5 k
y51
y55
y
(25, 3)
x52
(25, 1)
x
(24, 1) (21, 1)
O
O x

19. y2 2 2x 1 14y 5 241

y2 1 14y 5 2x 2 41
2
y 1 14y 1 ? 5 2x 2 41 1 ?
17. y 2 2 5 x2 2 4x y2 1 14y 1 49 5 2x 2 41 1 49
x2 2 4x 5 y 2 2 ( y 1 7)2 5 (2x 1 4)
x2 2 4x 1 ? 5 y 2 2 1 ? vertex: (h, k) 5 (24, 27)
x2 2 4x 1 4 5 y 2 2 1 4 4p 5 2
(x 2 2)2 5 y 1 2 2 1
p 5 }4} or }2}
vertex: (h, k) 5 (2, 22)
focus: (h 1 p, k) 5 124 1 }2}, 272 or 12}2}, 272
1 7
4p 5 1
1
p 5 }4} directrix: x 5 h 2 p
1
focus: (h, k 1 p) 5 12, 22 1 2 or 12, 2
1 7 x 5 24 2 }2}
}} 2}4}
4
9
directrix: y 5 k 2 p x 5 2}2}
1
y 5 22 2 }4} axis of symmetry: y 5 k
9 y 5 27
y5 2}4}
y
axis of symmetry: x 5 h
x52 O x
y 9
x5 22

O 1 2 3 x
21 (2, 2 74 ) (2 72 , 27)

(2, 2)
y 5 2 94
(24, 27)

337 Chapter 10
20. y2 2 2y 2 12x 1 13 5 0 vertex: (h, k) 5 (3, 2)
y2 2 2y 5 12x 2 13 4p 5 10
y2 2 2y 1 ? 5 12x 2 13 1 ? 10 5
p 5 }4} or }2}
y2 2 2y 1 1 5 12x 2 13 1 1
focus: (h, k 1 p) 5 13, 2 1 }2}2 or 13, }2}2
5 9
(y 2 1)2 5 12(x 2 1)
vertex: (h, k) 5 (1, 1) directrix: y 5 k 2 p
4p 5 12 5
y 5 2 2 }2}
p53
1
focus: (h 1 p, k) 5 (1 1 3, 1) or (4, 1) y 5 2}2}
directrix: x 5 h 2 p axis of symmetry: x 5 h
x5123 x53
x 5 22 y
axis of symmetry: y 5 k
y51 (3, 92 )
y
x 5 22
(3, 2) y 5 2 12 x
O
(1, 1)
(4, 1)
O x 23. 2y2 1 16y 1 16x 1 64 5 0
2y2 1 16y 5 216x 2 64
2
2(y 1 8y 1 ?) 5 216x 2 64 1 ?
2(y2 1 8y 1 16) 5 216x 2 64 1 2(16)
2(y 1 4)2 5 216x 2 32
21. 2x2 2 12y 2 16x 1 20 5 0 (y 1 4)2 5 28x 2 16
2x2 2 16x 5 12y 2 20
( y 1 4)2 5 28(x 1 2)
2(x2 2 8x 1 ?) 5 12y 2 20 1 ?
2(x2 2 8x 1 16) 5 12y 2 20 1 2(16) vertex: (h, k) 5 (22, 24)
2(x 2 4)2 5 12y 1 12 4p 5 28
(x 2 4)2 5 6(y 1 1) p 5 22
vertex: (h, k) 5 (4, 21) focus: (h 1 p, k) 5 (22 1 (22), 24) or (24, 24)
4p 5 6 directrix: x 5 h 2 p y
6 3 x 5 22 2 (22)
p 5 }4} or }2}
x50 O x
focus: (h, k 1 p) 5 14, 21 1 }2}2 or 14, }2}2
3 1
axis of symmetry: y 5 k
y 5 24 x50
directrix: y 5 k 2 p
3 (22, 24)
y 5 21 2 }2} (24, 24)
5
y 5 2}2}
axis of symmetry: x 5 h
x54
y 24. vertex: (h, k) 5 (25, 1)
opening: right
h1p52
25 1 p 5 2
(4, 12 ) p57
( y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h)
O x (y 2 1)2 5 4(7)[x 2 (25)]
(4, 21)
(y 2 1)2 5 28(x 1 5)
y 5 2 52
y
8
22. 3x2 2 30x 2 18x 1 87 5 0
3x2 2 18x 5 30y 2 87 4
3(x2 2 6x 1 ?) 5 30y 2 87 1 ? (25, 1)
3(x2 2 6x 1 9) 5 30y 2 87 1 3(9) 212 28 24 O x
3(x 2 3)2 5 30y 2 60 24
(x 2 3)2 5 10y 2 20
(x 2 3)2 5 10(y 2 2) 28

Chapter 10 338
25. opening: left 28. vertex: (h, k) 5 (22, 23)
focus: (h 1 p, k) 5 (0, 6) (y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h)
h1p50 k56 [1 2 (23)]2 5 4p[23 2 (22)] (h, k) 5 (22, 23);
h 1 (23) 5 0 y 42 5 4p (x, y) 5 (23, 1)
h53 16 24 5 p
2 y
( y 2 k) 5 4p(x 2 h) 12 ( y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h)
( y 2 6)2 5 4(23)(x 2 3) (y 1 3)2 5 4(24)(x 1 2) O x
( y 2 6)2 5 212(x 2 3) 8 (y 1 3)2 5 216(x 1 2)
(3, 6)
4 (22, 23)

28 24 O 4 8 x
24

29. opening: upward

26. opening: upward
p52
vertex: (h, k) 5 14, 2 or (4, 23)
521
}}
2 focus: (h, k 1 p) 5 (21, 7)
focus: (h, k 1 p) 5 (4, 21) h 5 21 k1p57
k1p521 k1257
23 1 p 5 21 k55
p52 (x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k) y
(x 2 b)2 5 4p(y 2 k) [x 2 (21)]2 5 4(2)(y 2 5)
(x 2 4)2 5 4(2)[y 2 (23)] (x 1 1)2 5 8(y 2 5)
(x 2 4)2 5 8(y 1 3)
(21, 5)
y

O x O x
30. opening: downward
(4, 23) vertex: (h, k) 5 (5, 23) (maximum)
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k)
(1 2 5)2 5 4p[27 2 (23)] (h, k) 5 (5, 23);
27. opening: downward (24)2 5 216p (x, y) 5 (1, 27)
vertex: (h, k) 5 (4, 3) 21 5 p
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k) (x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k)
(5 2 4)2 5 4p(2 2 3) (h, k) 5 (4, 3); (x 2 5)2 5 4(21)(y 1 3)
12 5 24p (x, y) 5 (5, 2) (x 2 5)2 5 24(y 1 3)
1
2}4} 5 p y
(x 2 h)2 5 4p( y 2 k) O x
5 41 2(y 2 3)
1 (5, 23)
(x 2 4)2 2}4}
(x 2 4)2 5 2(y 2 3)
y (4, 3)

O x 31. opening: right

vertex: (h, k) 5 (21, 2)
( y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h)
(0 2 2)2 5 4p[0 2 (21)] (h, k) 5 (21, 2);
(22)2 5 4p (x, y) 5 (0, 0)
15p
y
( y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h)
(y 2 2)2 5 4(1)[x 2 (21)]
(y 2 2)2 5 4(x 2 1)
(21, 2)

O x

339 Chapter 10
32. opening: upward 34a. Let y 5 income per flight.
x1 1 x2
h 5 }2} Let x 5 the number of $10 price decreases.
112 3 Income 5 number of passengers ? cost of a ticket
5 }2} or }2} y 5 (110 1 20x) ? (140 2 10x)
vertex: (h, k) 5 1}2}, 02
3 y5
15,400 2 1100x 1 2800x 2 200x2
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k)
y 5 22001x2 2 }2}x2 1 15,400
17
2
11 2 }32}2 5 4p(1 2 0) (h, k) 5 1}2}, 02;
3

y 2 15,400 5 22001x2 2 }2}x2

17
1
}} 5 4p (x, y) 5 (1, 1)
17 2 17 2
y 2 15,400 2 2001}4}2 5 2200 3x2 2 }2}x 1 1}9}2 4
4 17
1
}} 5 p y
16
17 2
( y 2 19,012.5) 5 1x 2 2
1
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k) 2} }
200
}}
4
The vertex of the parabola is at 1}4}, 19,012.52,
3 2 17
1x 2 }2} 2 5 41 2(y 2 0) 1
}}
16 1
and because p is negative it opens downward. So
1 3
y 2 }2} 2 5 }14}y the vertex is a maximum and the number of $10
17
price decreases is }4} or 4.25.
O 1 2 x
( 32 , 0) number of passengers 5 110 1 20x
5 110 1 20(4.25)
5 195
33a. vertex: (h, k) 5 (0, 0) However, the flight can transport only 180
depth: x 5 4 people.
p52 number of passengers 5 110 1 20x
y 180 5 110 1 20x
3.5 5 x
(4, y 1) Therefore, there should be 3.5 $10 price
decreases.
cost of ticket 5 140 2 10x
5 140 2 10(3.5)
5 $105
O (2, 0) (4, 0) x
34b. Let y 5 income per flight.
Let x 5 the number of $10 price decreases.
Income 5 number of passengers ? cost of a ticket
(4, y 2)
y 5 (110 1 10x) ? (140 2 10x)
y 5 15,400 1 300x 2 100x2
y 5 2100(x2 2 3x) 1 15,400
( y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h) y 2 15,400 5 2100(x2 2 3x)
(y 2 0)2 5 4(2)(x 2 0) 3 2 3 2
(h, k) 5 (0, 0); y 2 15,400 21001}2}2 5 2100 3x2 2 3x 1 1}2}2 4
y2 5 8x p52
3 2
y 5 6Ï8x w y 2 15,625 5 21001x 2 2
}}
2
w
y 5 6Ï8(4) 3 2
(y 2 15,625) 5 1x 2 2
1
y 5 64Ï2 w 2}}
100
}}
2
The vertex of the parabola is at 1}2}, 15,6252, and
3
y1 5 4Ï2 w, y2 5 24Ï2w
diameter 5 y1 2 y2 because p is negative, it opens downward. So the
vertex is a maximum and the number of $10
5 4Ï2 w 2 (24Ï2w) 3
price decreases is }2} or 1.5.
5 8Ï2 w in.
number of passengers 5 110 1 10x
33b. depth: x 5 1.25(4) 5 110 1 10(1.5)
x55 5 125
(y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h) This is less than 180, so the new ticket price can
(y 2 0)2 5 4(2)(x 2 0) (h, k) 5 (0, 0); be found using 1.5 $10 price decreases.
y2 5 8x p52 cost of a ticket 5 140 2 10x
y 5 6Ï8xw 5 140 2 10(1.5)
w
y 5 6Ï8(5) 5 $125
y 5 62Ï10 w
y1 5 2Ï10w, y2 5 22Ï10 w
diameter 5 y1 2 y2
5 2Ï10
w 2 (22Ï10
w)
w in.
5 4Ï10

Chapter 10 340
35a. Let (h, k) 5 (0, 0). 38b. 4p 5 216
x2 5 4py x2 5 4py p 5 24
x2 5 41}8}2y x2 5 41}4}2y
1 1 1 1
p 5 }8} p 5 }4} focus of parabola 5 center of circle
vertex: (h, k) 5 (1, 4)
2x2 5 y x2 5 y
focus: (h, k 1 p) 5 (1, 4 1 (24)) or (1, 0)
x2 5 4py y
x2 5 y diameter 5 latus rectum
x2 5 21(1)y p51 2x 2 5 y
1
5 16
}}x 5y 1
4 radius 5 }2}(16)
The opening becomes 58
narrower.
1 2 (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
x 5y
4 (x 2 1)2 1 (y 2 0)2 5 82
O x (x 2 1)2 1 y2 5 64
39. center: (h, k) 5 (2, 3)
35b. The opening becomes wider. a2 5 25 b2 5 16
36a. Sample answer: a 5 Ï25 w or 5 b 5 Ï16
w or 4
opening: upward c 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w
vertex: (h, k) 5 (0, 0) c 5 Ï25 w161 w or Ï41 w
y transverse axis: vertical
foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 (2, 3 6 Ï41
w)
(2100, 490) vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (2, 3 6 5) or (2, 8), (2, 22)
a
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6}b} (x 2 h)
(0, 0) 500 ft 5
y 2 3 5 6 }4}(x 2 2)
22100 10 ft O 2100 x
y
roadway (2, 8)

(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k) (2, 3)

(2100 2 0)2 5 4p(490 2 0) (h, k) 5 (0, 0)
2250 5 p (x, y) 5 (2100, 490) O x
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k) (2, 22)
(x 2 0)2 5 4(2250)( y 2 0)
x2 5 9000y
36b. x2 5 9000y 40. 4x2 1 25y2 1 250y 1 525 5 0
(720)2 5 9000y 4x2 1 25( y2 1 10y 1 ?) 5 2525 1 ?
57.6 5 y 4x2 1 25( y2 1 10y 1 25) 5 2525 1 25(25)
57.6 1 10 5 67.6 ft 4x2 1 25( y 1 5)2 5 100
x2 ( y 1 5)2
37. (y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h) }}
25 1 }4} 5 1
y2 2 2ky 1 k2 5 4px 2 4ph center: (h, k) 5 (0, 25)
y2 2 4px 2 2ky 1 k2 1 4ph 5 0 a2 5 25 b2 5 4
y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0 a 5 25 or 5 b 5 Ï4w or 2
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k) c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w
x 2 2hx 1 h2 5 4py 2 4pk
2
c 5 Ï25 w4 2 w or Ï21w
x2 2 4py 2 2hx 1 h2 1 4pk 5 0 foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (0 6 Ï21
w, 25) or (6Ï21 w, 25)
x2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0 major axis vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (0 6 5, 25) or
38a. 4p 5 8 (65, 25)
p 5 2 or p 5 22 minor axis vertices: (h, k 6 b) 5 (0, 25 6 2) or
opening: right (0, 23), (0, 27)
(y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h) y
(y 2 2)2 5 4(2)[x 2 (23)]
(y 2 2)2 5 8(x 1 3)
opening: left O x
(y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h)
(0, 23)
(y 2 2)2 5 4(22)[x 2 (23)]
(y 2 2)2 5 28(x 1 3) (0, 25)
(25, 25) (5, 25)

(0, 27)

341 Chapter 10
41. 45. 19 , t , 14 1 19
U 12 cos 2U (r, U)
19 , t , 33
0 12 (12, 0)
t 5 33 or 27
p
}}
6 6 16, }p6}2 perimeter 5 14 1 19 1 t
5 14 1 19 1 27
p
}}
3 26 126, }p3}2 5 60
The correct choice is C.
1212, }p2}2
p
}} 212
2
2p
}}
3 26 126, }23p}2 Page 661 Mid-Chapter Quiz
5p
}}
6 6 16, }56p}2 1a. AB 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2
p 12 (12, p) 5 Ïw
(6 2 3w
)2 1 (9w2 3)2
5 Ïw
3 1 6w
2 2
7p
}}
6 6 16, }76p}2 5 Ï45
w
BC 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w(y2 2wy1)2
4p
}}
3 26 126, }43p}2
5 Ïw (9 2 6w
)2 1 (3w2 9)2
3p
}}
2 212 1212, 2 3p
}}
2 5 Ïw 3 1 (w
2 26) 2

5 Ï45
w
5p
}}
3 26 126, }53p}2 Since AB 5 BC, triangle ABC is isosceles.
11p
}}
6 6 16, }116}p 2 1b. AC 5 Ïw (x2 2 w
x1)2 1w(y2 2wy1)2
5 Ïw (9 2 3w
)2 1 (3w 2 3)2
5 Ïw 6 1 0w
2 2
p
2p 2 p
3 3 56
5p p
6 6 perimeter 5 AB 1 BC 1 AC
5 Ï45w 1 Ï45 w16
p 0 ø 19.42 units
3 6 9
2. Diagonals of a rectangle intersect at their
7p 11p midpoint.
w 5 1}2}, }2}2
6 6 x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
4p 5p wC
midpoint of A
3 3p 3
5 1}2}, }2}2
2 24 1 5 9 1 5

42. 2pn, where n is any integer 5 (0.5, 7)

43. The measure of a is 3. x2 1 y2 2 6y 2 8x 5 216
360° 4 12 or 30°. (x2 2 8x 1 ?) 1 (y2 2 6y 1 ?) 5 216 1 ? 1 ?
a (x2 2 8x 1 16) 1 (y2 2 6y 1 9) 5 216 1 16 1 9
cos 30° 5 } }
6.4 (x 2 4)2 1 (y 2 3)2 5 9
6.4 cos 30° 5 a center: (4, 3): radius: Ï9w or 3
6.4 cm
a
a 5.5 ø a; 5.5 cm y
(4, 6)

44. 4 (4, 3)
g(x) 5 } }
x2 1 1 (7, 3)
x y 5 g(x)
210,000 4 3 1028 O x
21000 4 3 1026
2100 4 3 1024
210 0.04 4. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
2
0 4 [x 2 (25)]2 1 (y 2 2)2 5 1Ï7w2
10 0.04 (x 1 5)2 1 (y 2 2)2 5 7
100 4 3 1024 5a. y
1000 4 3 1026 Let d1 be the greatest
d2 distance from the
10,000 4 3 1028
d1 satellite to Earth. Let
O
y → 0 as x → `, y → 0 as x → 2 ` x
d2 be the least
a c distance from the
satellite to Earth.

Chapter 10 342
 1
a 5 }2}(10,440) 7. 3y2 1 24y 2 x2 2 2x 1 41 5 0
3(y2 1 8y 1 ?) 2 (x2 1 2x 1 ?) 5 241 1 ? 1 ?
a 5 5220 3(y2 1 8y 1 16) 2 (x2 1 2x 2 1) 5 241 1 3(16) 2 1
c
}} 5 e 3(y 1 4)2 2 (x 1 1)2 5 6
a
c (y 1 4)2 (x 1 1)2
}}
5220 5 0.16 }}
2 2 }6} 5 1
c 5 835.20 center: (h, k) 5 (21, 24)
1
radius of Earth 5 }2}(7920) a2 5 2 b2 5 6 c 5 Ïw
a2 2 b2w
a 5 Ï2 w b 5 Ï6w c 5 Ï2
w w
1 6 or 2Ï2
5 3960
transverse axis: vertical
vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 121, 24 6 Ï2
w2
d1 5 a 1 c 2 Earth radius
d1 5 5220 1 835.20 2 3960
d1 5 2095.2 miles foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 121, 24 6 2Ï2
w2
d2 5 major axis 2 d1 2 Earth diameter a
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6}b}(x 2 h)
d2 5 10,440 2 2095.2 2 7920 Ï2w
d2 5 424.8 miles y 2 (24) 5 6 }} [x 2 (21)]
Ï6w
5b. (h, k) 5 (0,0) Ï3w
y1456 }}
3 (x 1 1)
a 5 5220
b2 5 a2(1 2 e2) y
b2 5 (5220)2 (1 2 0.162) x
b2 5 26,550,840.96 O
(x 2 b)2 (y 2 k)2
(21, 24 1 Ï·2)
}}
a2 1 }b} 2 51
(x 2 0)2 (y 2 0)2 (21, 4)
}} 1 }} 5 1
5220 26,550,840.96
x2 y2
}} 1 }} 5 1
27,248,400 26,550,840.96 (21, 24 2 Ï·2)
6. 9x2 1 25y2 2 72x 1 250y 1 554 5 0
9(x2 2 8x 1 ?) 1 25(y2 1 10y 1 ?) 5
8. To find the center, find the intersection of the
2544 1 ? 1 ?
asymptotes.
9(x2 2 8x 1 16) 1 25(y2 1 10y 1 25) 5
y 5 22x 1 4
2544 1 9(16) 1 25(25)
2x 5 22x 1 4
9(x 2 4)2 1 25(y 1 5)2 5 225
4x 5 4
(x 2 4)2 (y 1 5)2
}}
25 1 }9} 5 1 x51
center: (h, k) 5 (4, 25) y52?1
a2 5 25 b2 5 9 c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w y52
a55 b53 c 5 Ï25w9 2 w or 4 The center is at (1, 2).
major axis vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (4 6 5, 25) or Notice that (4, 2) must be a vertex and a equals
(9, 25), (21, 25) 4 2 1 or 3.
minor axis vertices: (h, k 6 b) 5 (4, 25 6 3) or Point A has an x-coordinate of 4.
(4, 22), (4, 28) Since y 5 2x, the y-coordinate is 2 ? 4 or 8.
foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (4 6 4, 25) or (8, 25), (0, 25) The value of b is 8 2 2 or 6.
(x 2 1)2 (y 2 2)2
y The equation is }9} 2 }36} 5 1.
9. y2 2 4x 1 2y 1 5 5 0
y2 1 2y 5 4x 2 5
O x
(4, 22) y2 1 2y 1 ? 5 4x 2 5 1 ?
y2 1 2y 1 1 5 4x 2 5 1 1
(y 1 1)2 5 4(x 2 1)
(21, 25) (4, 25)
(9, 25)
vertex: (h, k) 5 (1, 21)
4p 5 4
p51
(4, 28) focus: (h 1 p, k) 5 (1 1 1, 21) or (2, 2 1)
axis of symmetry: y 5 k
y 5 21
directrix: x 5 h 2 p y
x50
x5121
x50 (1, 21)
O x
(2, 21)

343 Chapter 10
10. vertex: (h, k) 5 (5, 21) 3. Sample answer:
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k) (h, k) 5 (5, 21) rectangular equation: y2 5 2x
(9 2 5)2 5 4p[22 2 (21)] (x, y) 5 (9, 22) parametric equations: y 5 t y2 5 2x
42 5 24p t2 5 2x
24 5 p 2t2 5 x
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k) y 5 t, x 5 2t2, 2 ` , t , `
(x 2 5)2 5 4(24)[y 2 (21)] 4. A 5 1, c 5 9; since A and C have the same sign
(x 2 5)2 5 216(y 1 1) and are not equal, the conic is an ellipse.
x2 1 9y2 1 2x 2 18y 1 1 5 0
(x 1 2x 1 ?) 1 9( y2 2 2y 1 ?) 5 21 1 ? 1 ?
2
(x2 1 2x 1 1) 1 9( y2 2 2y 1 1) 5 21 1 1 1 9(1)
10-6 Rectangular and Parametric (x 1 1)2 1 9(y 2 1)2 5 9
Forms of Conic Sections (x 1 1)2
}}
(y 2 1)2
1 }1} 5 1
9

Page 665 Graphing Calculator Exploration center: (h, k) 5 (21, 1)

a2 5 9 b2 5 1
1.
a53 b51
vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (21 6 3, 1) or (2, 1), (24, 1)
(h, k 6 b) 5 (21, 1 6 1) or (21, 2), (21, 0)
y

(21, 2)
(24, 1)
(2, 1)
Tmin: [0, 6.28] step: 0.1
[27.58, 7.58] scl;1 by [25, 5] scl;1 (21, 0) O (21, 1) x
1a. (21, 0) 1b. clockwise
2.
5. A 5 1, C 5 0; since C 5 0, the conic is a parabola.
y2 2 8x 5 28
y
y2 5 8x 2 8
y2 5 8(x 2 1)
vertex: (h, k) 5 (1, 0)
opening: right (1, 0)
O x
Tmin: [0, 6.28] step: 0.1
[27.58, 7.58] scl:1 by [25, 5] scl;1
2a. (0, 1) 2b. clockwise
3. 6. A 5 1, C 5 21; since A and C have different signs,
the conic is a hyperbola.
x2 2 4x 2 y2 2 5 2 4y 5 0
(x 2 4x 1 ?) 2 ( y2 1 4y 1 ?) 5 5 1 ? 1 ?
2
(x2 2 4x 1 4) 2 ( y2 1 4y 1 4) 5 5 1 4 2 4
(x 2 2)2 2 (y 1 2)2 5 5
(x 2 2)2 (y 1 2)2
}}
5 2 }5} 5 1
Tmin: [0, 6.28] step: 0.1 center: (h, k) 5 (2, 22)
[27.58, 7.58] scl;1 by [25, 5] scl;1 a2 5 5
an ellipse a 5 Ï5 w
4. The value of a determines the length of the radius vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (2 6 Ï5
w, 22)
b
of the circle. asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6 }a}(x 2 h)
5. Each graph is traced out twice. Ï5
w
y 2 (22) 5 6 }
Ï5
} (x 2 2)
w
y y 1 2 5 6 (x 2 2)
Page 667 Check for Understanding
1. For the general equation of a conic, A and C have O x
the same sign and A Þ C for an ellipse. A and C
have opposite signs for a hyperbola. A 5 C for a (2 2 Ï·
5, 22) (2 1 Ï·
5, 22)
circle. Either A 5 0 or C 5 0 for a parabola.
(2, 22)
2. 2 ` , t , `

Chapter 10 344
7. A 5 1, C 5 1; since A 5 C, the conic is a circle. 10. Sample answer:
x2 2 6x 1 y2 2 12y 1 41 5 0 Let x 5 t.
(x2 2 6x 1 ?) 1 (y2 2 12y 1 ?) 5 241 1 ? 1 ? y 5 2x2 2 5x
(x2 2 6x 1 9) 1 (y2 2 12y 1 36) 5 241 1 9 1 36 y 5 2t2 2 5t
(x 2 3)2 1 (y 2 6)2 5 4 x 5 t, y 5 2t2 2 5t, 2 ` # t # `
center: (h, k) 5 (3, 6) 11. Sample answer:
radius: r2 5 4 x2 1 y2 5 36
x2 y2
r52 }} 1 }} 51
36 36
y x 2 y 2
1 2
}}
6 1 }6} 1 2 51
(3, 8)
cos2 t 1 sin2 t 51
x 2 y 2
(5, 6)
1 2
}}
6 5 cos2 t 1}6}2 5 sin2 t
(3, 6) x y
}}
6 5 cos t }}
6 5 sin t
x 5 6 cos t y 5 6 sin t
x 5 6 cos t, y 5 6 sin t, 0 # t # 2p
t2
12. x 5 }80}
O x y2
x 5 }80}
80x 5 y2
8. y 5 2t2 2 6t 1 2 y2 5 80x
y 5 2x2 2 6x 1 2

t x y (x, y) Pages 667–669 Exercises

26 26 2 (26, 2) 13. A 5 1, C 5 0; since C 5 0, the conic is a parabola.
25 25 7 (25, 7) x2 2 4y 2 6x 1 9 5 0
24 24 10 (24, 10) x2 2 6x 1 ? 5 4y 2 9 1 ?
23 23 11 (23, 11) x2 2 6x 1 9 5 4y 2 9 1 9
(x 2 3)2 5 4y
22 22 10 (22, 10)
vertex: (h, k) 5 (3, 0)
21 21 7 (21, 7) opening: upward
0 0 2 (0, 2) y
y

O (3, 0) x

14. A 5 1, C 5 1; since A 5 C, the conic is a circle.

x2 2 8x 1 y2 1 6y 1 24 5 0
O x (x2 2 8x 1 ?) 1 (y2 1 6y 1 ?) 5 224 1 ? 1 ?
(x2 2 8x 1 16) 1 (y2 1 6y 1 9) 5 224 1 16 1 9
9. x 5 2 cos t y 5 3 sin t (x 2 4)2 1 ( y 1 3)2 5 1
x y center: (h, k) 5 (4, 23)
}}
2 5 cos t }}
3 5 sin t y radians: r2 5 1
p
t5
cos2 t1 sin2 t51 2 r51
x 2 y 2
1}2}2 1 1}3}2 5 1
t5p t50
y
x2 y2
}}
4 1 }9} 5 1 O x
O x
(4, 23)
3p (3, 23)
t5
2
(4, 24)
t x y (x, y)
0 2 0 (2, 0)
p
}}
2 0 3 (0, 3)
p 22 0 (22, 0)
3p
}}
2 0 23 (0, 23)

345 Chapter 10
15. A 5 21, C 5 3; since A and C have different signs, 17. A 5 1, C 5 0; since C 5 0, the conic is a parabola.
the conic is a hyperbola. x2 5 y 1 8x 2 16
x2 2 3y2 1 2x 2 24y 2 41 5 0 x2 2 8x 1 ? 5 y 2 16 1 ?
2x2 1 3y2 2 2x 1 24y 1 41 5 0 x2 2 8x 1 16 5 y 2 16 1 16
3(y2 1 8y 1 ?) 2 (x2 1 2x 1 ?) 5 241 1 ? 1 ? (x 2 4)2 5 y y
3(y2 1 8y 1 16) 2 (x2 1 2x 1 1) 5 241 1 3(16) 2 1 vertex: (h, k) 5 (4, 0)
3(y 1 4)2 2 (x 1 1)2 5 6 opening: upward
(y 1 4)2 (x 1 1)2
}}
2 2 }6} 5 1
center: (h, k) 5 (21, 24)
a2 5 2
a 5 Ï2 w O (4, 0) x
vertices: (h, k 1 a) 5 (21, 24 6 Ï2
w)
a
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6 }b}(x 2 h) 18. A 5 C 5 D 5 E 5 0; the conic is a hyperbola.
Ï2
w 2xy 5 3
y 2 (24) 5 6 }}
Ï6
w
[x 2 (21)] 3
xy 5 }2}
Ï3w
y1456 }}(x
3
1 1) quadrants: I and III
y transverse axis: y 5 x
vertices: 1!§ }}2 or 1!§
}}, !§ }}2,
}}, !§
3 3 6 6
(21, 24 1 Ï·2)
2 2 2 2

12!}§32}, 2!}§32}2 or 12}Ï2}6w , 2}Ï2}6w 2

O x
y
(21, 24)

(Ï·26 , Ï·26 )
(21, 24 2 Ï·2)
O x

2 Ï·
( 6
2 , 2Ï·
2
6
)
16. A 5 9, C 5 25; since A and C have the same sign
and are not equal, the conic is an ellipse.
9x2 1 25y2 2 54x 2 50y 2 119 5 0
9(x2 2 6x 1 ?) 1 25(y2 2 2y 1 ?) 5 119 1 ? 1 ? 19. A 5 5, C 5 2; since A and C have the same sign
9(x2 2 6x 1 9) 1 25(y2 2 2y 1 1) 5 and are not equal, the conic is an ellipse.
119 1 9(9) 1 25(1) 5x2 1 2y2 2 40x 2 20y 1 110 5 0
9(x 2 3)2 1 25(y 2 1)2 5 225 5(x 2 8x 1 ?) 1 2(y2 2 10y 1 ?) 5 2110 1 ? 1 ?
2
(x 2 3)2 (y 2 1)2 5(x2 2 8x 1 16) 1 2(y2 2 10y 1 25) 5
}}
25 1 }9} 5 1
2110 1 5(16) 1 2(25)
center: (h, k) 5 (3, 1) 5(x 2 4)2 1 2(y 2 5)2 5 20
a2 5 25 b2 5 9 (x 2 4)2 (y 2 5)2
a55 b53
}} 1 }}
4 10 51
(y 2 5)2 (x 2 4)2
vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (3 6 5, 1) or (8,1), (22, 1) }} 1 }}
10 4 51
(h, k 6 b) 5 (3, 1 6 3) or (3, 4), (3, 22) center: (h, k) 5 (4, 5)
y a2 5 10 b2 5 4
a 5 Ï10w b52
(3, 4) vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (4, 5 6 Ï10
w)
(h 6 b, k) 5 (4 6 2, 5) or (6, 5), (2, 5)
y (4, 5 1 Ï··
10)
(3, 1)
(8, 1) (2, 5)
(22, 1)
O x (4, 5)
(6, 5)
(3, 22)

(4, 5 2 Ï··
10)
O x

Chapter 10 346
20. A 5 1, C5 1; since A 5 C, the conic is a circle. 23. 24y2 1 10x 5 16y 2 x2 2 5
x2 2 8x 1 11 5 2y2 x2 2 4y2 1 10x 2 16y 1 5 5 0
(x2 2 8x 1 ?) 1 y2 5 211 1 ? A 5 1, C 5 24; since A and C have different signs,
(x2 2 8x 1 16) 1 y2 5 211 1 16 the conic is a hyperbola.
(x 24)2 1 y2 5 5 x2 2 4y2 1 10x 2 16y 1 5 5 0
center: (h, k) 5 (4, 0) (x 1 10x 1 ?) 24(y2 1 4y 1 ?) 5 25 1 ? 1 ?
2
radius: r2 5 5 (x2 1 10x 1 25) 2 4(y2 1 4y 1 4) 5 25 1 25 2 4(4)
r 5 Ï5w (x 1 5)2 2 4(y 1 2)2 5 4
(x 1 5)2 (y 1 2)2
y }} 2 }1} 5 1
4
(4, Ï·
5) center: (h, k) 5 (25, 22)
a2 5 4
(4 1 Ï·5, 0)
a52
O (4, 0) x vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (25 6 2, 22) or (23, 22),
(27, 22)
b
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6 }a}(x 2 h)
1
y 2 (22) 5 6 }2}[x 2 (25)]
21. A 5 29, C 5 8; since A and C have different signs, 1
the conic is a hyperbola. y 1 2 5 6 }2}(x 1 5)
8y2 2 9x2 2 16y 1 36x 2 100 5 0
y
8(y2 2 2y 1 ?) 2 9(x2 2 4x 1 ?) 5 100 1 ? 1 ?
8(y2 2 2y 1 1) 2 9(x2 2 4x 1 4) 5 100 1 8(1) 2 9(4) (25, 22)
8(y 2 1)2 2 9(x 2 2)2 5 72
(y 2 1)2 (x 2 2)2 O x
}}
9 2 }8} 5 1
center: (h, k) 5 (2, 1)
a2 5 9
(27, 22) (23, 22)
a53
vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (2, 1 6 3) or (2, 4), (2, 22)
a
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6 }b}(x 2 h)
3 24. Ax2 1 Bxy 1 Cy2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0
y2156} }(x 2 2)
2Ïw
2 2x2 1 0 1 2y2 1 (28)x 1 12y 1 6 5 0
3Ïw
2
y 2 1 5 6 }4}(x 2 2) 2x2 1 2y2 2 8x 1 12y 5 26
A 5 C; circle
y 2(x2 2 4x 1 ?) 1 2(y2 1 6y 1 ?) 5 6 1 ? 1 ?
2(x2 2 4x 1 4) 1 2(y2 1 6y 1 6y 1 9) 5
(2, 4)
26 1 2(4) 1 2(9)
(2, 1) 2(x 2 2)2 1 2(y 1 3)2 5 20
(x 2 2)2 1 (y 1 3)2 5 10
O x y
center: (h, k) 5 (2, 23)
2
radius: r 5 10 (2, 23 1 Ï··
10)
(2, 22)
r 5 Ï10w
O x
22. A 5 0, C 5 4; since A 5 0, the conic is a parabola. (2 1 Ï··
10, 23)
4y2 1 4y 1 8x 5 15
(2, 23)
4(y2 1 y 1 ?) 5 28x 1 15 1 ?
41 2 5 28x 1 15 1 41 2
1 1
y2 1 y 1 }4} }}
4
1 2
1
4 y 1 }2}2 5 28x 1 16 25. y 5 2t2 2 4t 1 1
y
1 2
1y 1 }2}2 5 22x 1 4 y 5 2x2 2 4x 1 1
1 2
1y 1 }2}2 5 22(x 2 2)
vertex: (h, k) 5 12, 2}2}2
1
O x
opening: left
y

t x y (x, y)
( 2 , 2 12 )
21 21 7 (21, 7)
O x 0 0 1 (0, 1)
1 1 21 (1, 21)
2 2 7 (2, 7)

347 Chapter 10
26. x 5 cos 2t y 5 sin 2t 29. x 5 2 sin 2t y 5 2 cos 2t
cos2 2t 1 sin2 2t 5 1 2x 5 sin 2t
y
}} 5 cos 2t
2
x2 1 y2 5 1
cos2 2t 1 sin2 2t 5 1 y t50
y 2
t x y (x, y) 1 2 }}
2 1 (2x)2 51
0 1 0 (1, 0) y2
p
}}
4 1 x2 51
}}
2 0 1 (0, 1) y2
x2 1 }}
4 51 O x
p 21 0 (21, 0)
3p
}}
2 0 21 (0, 21)

t x y (x, y)
t50 0 0 2 (0, 2)
p
O x }}
4 21 0 (21, 0)
p
}}
2 0 22 (0, 22)
3p
}}
4 1 0 (1, 0)

27. x 5 2cos t y 5 sin t

30. x 5 2t 2 1
2x 5 cos t y
x 1 1 5 2t
cos2 t 1 sin2 t 5 1 x11
(2x)2 1 y2 5 1
}}
2 5t
x2 1 y 2 5 1 y 5 Ïtw
§
y 5 !}}
x11 O x
t x y (x, y) 2
0 21 0 (21, 0)
p
}}
2 0 1 (0, 1)
p 1 0 (1, 0)
3p
}}
2 0 21 (0, 21) t x y (x, y)
0 21 0 (21, 0)
y
1 1 1 (1, 1)
2 3 Ï2
w (3, Ï2w)
t50 3 5 Ï3
w (5, Ï3w)
O x 4 7 2 (7, 2)
31. x 5 23 cos 2t y 5 3 sin 2t
x y
2}3} 5 cos 2t }}
3 5 sin 2t
cos2 2t 1 sin2 2t 5 1
28. x 5 3 sin t y 5 2 cos t x 2 y 2
x y 1 2 2}3} 1 2
1 }3} 5 1
}}
3 5 sin t }}
2 5 cos t x2 y2
}} 1 }} 5 1
9 9
cos2 t 1 sin2 t 5 1 y
y 2 x 2 x2 1 y2 5 9
1 2
}}
2 1 1}3}2 5 1 t50 32. Sample answer:
y2 x2
}}
4 1 }}
9 51 x2 1 y2 5 25
x2 y2 x2 y2
}} 1 }} 51 O x }} 1 }}
25 25 51
9 4
x 2 y 2
1 2
}}
5 1 }5} 1 2 51
cos2 t 1 sin2 t 51
x 2 2
1 2
}}
5 5 cos2 t 1}5y}2 5 sin2 t
x y
t x y (x, y) }}
5 5 cos t }}
5 5 sin t
0 2 0 (0, 2) x 5 5 cos t y 5 5 sin t
p
}} 3 0 (3, 0) x 5 5 cos t, y 5 5 sin t, 0 # t # 2p
2
p 0 22 (0, 22)
3p
}}
2 23 0 (23, 0)

Chapter 10 348
33. Sample answer: 39b.
t x y (x, y)
x2 1 y2 2 16 5 0
x2 1 y2 5 16 0 0 0 (0, 0)
x2 y2 1 1 1 (1, 1)
}} 1 }}
16 16 51
2 2 4 (2, 4)
x 2 y 2
1 2
}}
4 1 }4} 1 2 51 3 3 9 (3, 9)
cos2 t 1 sin2 t 51 y
x 2 y 2
1 2
}}
4 5 cos2 t 1}4}2 5 sin2 t
x y
}}
4 5 cos t }}
4 5 sin t
x 5 4 cos t y 5 4 sin t
x 5 4 cos t, y 5 4 sin t, 0 # t # 2p
34. Sample answer:
x2 y2 O x
5 51
}} 1 }2}
4
2 y 2
1}2x}2 1 1}5}2 5 1
cos2 t 1 sin2 t 5 1
2 y 2
1}2x}2 5 cos2 t 1}5}2 5 sin2 t
x y
}}
2 5 cos t }}
5 5 sin t
x 5 2 cos t y 5 5 sin t
x 5 2 cos t, y 5 5 sin t, 0 # t # 2p
35. Sample answer: Tmin: [0, 5] step: 0.1
y2
}}
16 1 x2 5 1 [27.58, 7.58] scl;1 by [25, 5] scl;1
y 2
x2 1 1}4}2 5 1
39c. yes
39d. There is usually more than one parametric
cos2 t 1 sin2 t 5 1 representation for the graph of a rectangular
y 2
x2 5 cos2 t 1}4}2 5 sin2 t equation.
x 5 cos t y 40a. a circle with center (0, 0) and radius 6 feet
}}
4 5 sin t
(x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
y 5 4 sin t (x 2 0)2 1 (y 2 0)2 5 62
x 5 cos t, y 5 4 sin t, 0 # t # 2p x2 1 y 2 5 36
36. Sample answer: 40b. Sample answer:
Let x 5 t. x2 1 y2 5 36
y 5 x2 2 4x 1 7 x2 y2
y 5 t2 2 4t 1 7
}} 1 }}
36 36 51
x 2 y 2
x 5 t, y 5 t2 2 4t 1 7, 2` , t , ` }}
6 1 2
1 }6} 1 2 51
37. Sample answer:
sin2 (qt) 1 cos2 (qt)
51
Let y 5 t.
x 5 y2 1 2y 2 1 Since the paddlewheel completes a revolution in
2p
x 5 t2 1 2t 2 1 2 seconds, the period is }q} 5 2, so q 5 p.
x 5 t2 1 2t 2 1, y 5 t, 2` , t , ` sin2 (pt) 1 cos2(pt) 5 1
2 2
38. Sample answer:
Let y 5 t.
1}6x}2 5 sin2(pt) 1}6y}2 5 cos2 (pt)
x y
(y 1 3)2 5 4(x 2 2) }}
6 5 sin(pt) }}
6 5 cos(pt)
(t 1 3)2 5 4(x 2 2) x 5 6 sin(pt) y 5 6 cos (pt)
0.25(t 1 3)2 5 x 2 2
x 5 6 sin (pt), y 5 6 cos (pt), 0# t # 2
0.25(t 1 3)2 1 2 5 x
x 5 0.25(t 1 3)2 1 2, y 5 t, 2` , t , ` 40c. C 5 2pr
C 5 2p6
39a. Answers will vary. Sample answers:
C ø 37.7 ft
Let x 5 t.
x 5 Ïyw The paddlewheel makes 1 revolution, or moves
t 5 Ïyw 37.7 ft in 2 seconds.
37.7 ft
t2 5 y }}
2s ? 60 s 5 1131 ft
x 5 t, y 5 t2, t $ 0
The paddlewheel moves about 1131 ft in
Let y 5 t.
1 minute.
x 5 Ïyw
x 5 Ïtw
x 5 Ïtw, y 5 t, t $ 0

349 Chapter 10
41a. A 5 2, C 5 5; since A and C have the same sign 44. After drawing a vertical line through (x, y) and a
and A Þ C, the graph is an ellipse. horizontal line through the endpoint opposite
2x2 1 5y2 5 0 (x, y), two right triangles are formed. Both
5y2 5 22x triangles contain an angle t, since corresponding
2 angles are congruent when two parallel lines are
y2 5 2}5}x
cut by a transversal. Using the larger triangle,
x
y 5 !2
§ 2 cos t 5 }a} or x 5 a cos t. Using the smaller triangle,
}}x
5 y
This equation is true for (x, y) 5 (0, 0). sin t 5 }b} or y 5 b sin t.
The graph is a point at (0, 0); the equation is 45. x2 2 12y 1 10x 5 225
that of a degenerate ellipse. x2 1 10x 1 ? 5 12y 2 25 1 ?
41b. A 5 1, C 5 1; since A 5 C, the graph is a circle. x2 1 10x 1 25 5 12y 2 25 1 25
x2 1 y2 2 4x 2 6y 1 13 5 0 (x 1 5)2 5 12y
(x2 2 4x 1 ?) 1 (y2 2 6y 1 ?) 5 213 vertex: (h, k) 5 (25, 0)
(x2 2 4x 1 4) 1 (y2 2 6y 1 9) 5 213 1 4 1 9 4p 5 12
(x 2 2)2 1 (y 2 3)2 5 0 p53
center: (h, k) 5 (2, 3) focus: (h, k 1 p) 5 (25, 0 1 3) or (25, 3)
radius: 0 axis of symmetry: x 5 h
The graph is a point at (2, 3); the equation is x 5 25
that of a degenerate circle. directrix: y 5 k 2 p
y5023
41c. A 5 29, C 5 1; since A and C have different
y 5 23
signs, the graph is a hyperbola.
y2 2 9x2 5 0 y
y2 5 9x2
y 5 63x
The graph is two intersecting lines y 5 63x; the
equation is that of a degenerate hyperbola.
42. The substitution for x must be a function that
allows x to take on all of the values stipulated by
(25, 0) O x
the domain of the rectangular equation. The
domain of y 5 x2 2 5 is all real numbers, but
using a substitution of x 5 t2 would only allow for
values of x such that x $ 0.
46. c 5 225
43a. center: (h, k) 5 (0, 0) quadrants: II and IV
(x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2 transverse axis: y 5 2x
(x 2 0)2 1 (y 2 0)2 5 6 vertices: xy 5 225 xy 5 225
x2 1 y2 5 36 5(25) 5 225 25(5) 5 225
43b. x2 1 y2 5 36 (5, 25) (25, 5)
x2 y2
}} 1 }}
36 36 51 y
x 2 y 2
1 2
}}
6 1 }6}1 2 51
(25, 5)
sin2 t 1 cos2 t 51
x 2 y 2
1 2
}}
6 5 sin2 t 1 2
}}
6 5 cos2 t O x
x y
}}
6 5 sin t }}
6 5 cos t
(5, 25)
x 5 6 sin t y 5 6 cos t
x 5 6 sin t, y 5 6 cos t
Since the second hand makes 2 revolutions, 47. 3x2 1 3y2 2 18x 1 12y 5 9
0 # t # 4p. 3(x2 2 6x 1 ?) 1 3(y2 1 4y 1 ?) 5 9 1 ? 1 ?
43c. 3(x2 2 6x 1 9) 1 3(y2 1 4y 1 4) 5 9 1 3(9) 2 3(4)
3(x 2 3)2 1 3(y 1 2)2 5 48
(x 2 3)2 1 (y 1 2)2 5 16
center: (h, k) 5 (3, 22)
y (3, 2)
radians: r2 5 16
r54
O x
(7, 22)
Tmin: [0, 4p] step: 0.1 (3, 22)
[29.10, 9.10] scl;1 by [26, 6] scl;1

Chapter 10 350
48. x 53. y 5 kxz y 5 kxz
60˚ 16 5 k(5)(2) y 5 1.6(8)(3)
1.6 5 k y 5 38.4
y
* *
30 54. 5 9 5 5(23) 2 7(9)
7 23
5 278
Yes, an inverse exists since the determinant of the
x y matrix Þ 0.
cos 60° 5 }30} sin 60° 5 }30} y2 2 y1
x 5 30 cos 60° y 5 30 sin 60° 55. m 5 } }
x 2x 2 1
x 5 15 lb y 5 15Ï3 w lb 5 }}
724
3 2 (26)
49. y 5 20.13x 1 37.8 1
5 }}
0.13x 1 y 2 37.8 5 0 3
A 5 0.13, B 5 1, C 5 237.8 y 2 y1 5 m(x 2 x1)
Car 1: (x1, y1) 5 (135, 19) 1 1
y 2 4 5 }3}(x 1 6) or y 2 7 5 }3}(x 2 3)
Ax1 1 By1 1 C
d1 5 }} y 5 mx 1 b y 5 mx 1 b
6Ïw A2 1 w
B2
1 1
0.13(135) 1 1(19) 1 (237.8)
}}}} 45 }}(26)
3 1b y 5 }3}x 1 6
d1 5 6 Ïw(0.13)w
2 1 12
65b
d1 ø 21.24
56. (1 # 4) @ (2 # 3) 5 1 @ 2
The point (135, 19) is about 1 unit from the line 52
y 5 20.13x 1 37.8. The correct choice is B.
Car 2: (x2, y2) 5 (245, 16)
Ax2 1 By2 1 C
d2 5 }}
6Ïw A2 1 w
B2

d2 5
0.13(245) 1 1(16) 1 (237.8)
}}}} 10-7 Transformation of Conics
6Ïw (0.13)w
2 1 12

d2 ø 9.97
The point (245, 16) is about 10 units from the line Pages 674–675 Check for Understanding
y 5 20.13x 1 37.8. 1. Sample answers:
Car 1: the point (135, 19) is about 9 units closer (h, k) 5 (0, 0)
to the line y 5 20.13x 1 37.8 than the point x 5 y2
(245, 16). y
1
50. Let v 5 Sin21 }2}. x 5 y2
1
Sin v 5 }2}
v 5 30 O x
sin 12 Sin21 }2}2 5 sin (2v)
1

5 sin (2 ? 30)
5 sin 60
Ï3w
5 } 2 (h, k) 5 (23, 3)
1
51. s 5 }2}(a 1 b 1 c) (x 2 h) 5 (y 2 k)2
1 (x 1 3) 5 (y 2 3)2
s 5 }2}(48 1 32 1 44)
y
s 5 62 x 1 3 5 (y 2 3)2
K 5 Ïs(s
wa)(s
2w 2wb)(s 2wc)
K 5 Ï62(62
ww)(62
2 48w 2w232)(6w4)
2 4w
K 5 Ï46872
w0 w
K ø 685 units2
52. Ï2y
w 2 3 2 Ï2y
w 1 3 5 21
Ï2y
w 2 3 5 Ï2yw 1321 O x
w
2y 2 3 5 2y 1 3 2 2Ï2y 1311
27 5 22Ï2y w 13 2. Replace x with x8 cos 30° 1 y8 sin 30° or
7 Ï3w 1
}}
2 5 Ï2y
w 13 } x8
2 1 }2}y8.
49
}} 5 2y 1 3 Replace y with 2x8 sin 30° 1 y8 cos 30° or
4
1 Ï2w
37 2}2}x8, 1 } y8.
}}
4 5 2y 2
37
}}
8 5y

351 Chapter 10
 3. y 90° or 270° 8. B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(1)(1)
x2 y2
100
1 25 5 1 5 24
A 5 C 5 1; circle
x2 2 5x 1 y2 5 3
90˚ p 2
x
1 p
x8 cos }4} 1 y8 sin }4} 2 5 2 1 p
x8 cos }4} 1 y8 sin }4}2
p

270˚ O p 2
1 12x8sin }4} 1 y8 cos }4}2 5 3
p

2
x2 y2 1}Ï2}2w x8 1 }Ï2}2w y82 2 51}Ï2}2w x8 1 }Ï2}2w y82
1 100 5 1 2
1 12}2}x8 1 }2}y82 5 3
25 Ï2w Ï2 w

2 5Ïw 5Ïw
4. Ebony; B2 2 4AC 5 16Ï3 w2 2 4(7)(13) , 0
1 1 2 2
}}(x8)2 1 x8y8 1 }}(y8)2 2 }}x8 2 }} y8
2 2 2 2
and A Þ C 1 1
1 }2}(x8)2 2 x8y8 1 }2}(y8)2 5 3
5. B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(1)(1) 5Ï2 w 5Ï2 w
5 24 (x8)2 1 (y8)2 2 }2}x8 2 }2}y8 5 3
A 5 C 5 1; circle 2(x8)2 1 2(y8)2 2 5Ï2 wx8 2 5Ï2 wy8 5 6
(x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 7 wx8 2 5Ï2
2(x8)2 1 2(y8)2 2 5Ï2 wy8 2 6 5 0
(x 2 3)2 1 (y 2 2)2 5 7 (h, k) 5 (3, 2) 9.B2 2 4AC 5 42 2 4(9)(4)
x 2 6x 1 9 1 y2 2 4y 1 4 5 7
2
5 2128
x2 1 y2 2 6x 2 4y 1 6 5 0
A Þ C; ellipse
2
6. B 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(2)(0) B
50 tan 2v 5 } }
A2C
parabola 4
tan 2v 5 } }
924
y 5 2x2 2 7x 1 5
y 2 5 5 2x2 2 7x tan 2v 5 0.8
2v ø 38.65980825°
y255 1 7
2 x2 2 }2}x 2 v ø 19°
7 2 7 2
y 2 5 1 2 }4} 1 2 5 3 7
2 x2 2 }2}x 1 }4} 1 24 10. B2 2 4AC 5 52 2 4(8)(24)
7 2 5 153
y 2 5 1 }8}
49
5 1
2 x 2 }4} 2 hyperbola
7 2
9
y 1 }8} 5 1
2 x 2 }4} 2 tan 2v 5 } }
A2C
B

2
9
y 1 }8} 2 k 5 1 7
2 x 2 }4} 2 h 2 tan 2v 5 } }
8 2 (24)
5

2
9
y 1 }8} 2 5 5 1 7
2 x 2 }4} 1 4 2 (h, k) 5 (24, 5) tan 2v ø 0.416666667
9 2 2v ø 22.61986495°
y 2 }8}
31
5 1
2 x 1 }4} 2 v ø 11°
y 5 }8}
31
5 1 18 81
2 x2 1 }4}x 1 }1} 6 2 11. 3(x 2 1)2 1 4(y 1 4)2 5 0
31 2 81 3(x2 2 2x 1 1) 1 4(y2 1 8y 1 16) 5 0
y 2 }8} 5 2x 1 9x 1 8 }}
3x2 2 6x 1 3 1 4y2 1 32y 1 64 5 0
05 2x2 1 9x 2 y 1 14 4y2 1 32y 1 (3x2 2 6x 1 67) 5 0












2x2 1 9x 2 y 1 14 5 0
↑ ↑ ↑
7. B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(1)(21) a b c
54 b 6 Ïw w
b2 2 4ac
hyperbola y 5 2 }}
2a
x 2 2 y2 5 9 232 6 Ïw
322 2w
4(4)(3w
x2 2 6w
x 1 67w)
y5 }}}}}
2(4)
(x8 cos 60° 1 y8 sub 60°)2 2
232 6 Ïw
248x2w
1 96w
x 2 48
(2x8 sin 60° 1 y8 cos 60°)2 5 9 y5 }}}}
8
2 2
1}12} x8 1 }Ï2}3w y82 2 12}2}x8 1 }2}y82 5 9
Ï3
w 1
y5
232 6 Ïw
}}}
248(xw
2 1)2
1 Ïw3 3 8
}}(x8)2 1 }}x8y8 1 }}(y8)2 2
4 2 4 x 5 1, y 5 24; point
3 3
4
Ï3
2
w 1
}}(x8)2 2}}x8y8 1 }}(y8)2 5 9
4 4 y
1 1
2 2 (x8) 1 Ï3
}} 2 wx8y8 1 }2}(y8)2 5 9
O x
(x8)2 2 2Ï3 wx8y8 2 (y8)2 5 218
wx8y8 2 (y8)2 1 18 5 0
(x8)2 2 2Ï3
(1, 24)

Chapter 10 352
12a.
1
y 5 }6}x2 14. B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(4)(5)
1 5 280
2x8 sin 30° 1 y8 cos 30° 5 }6}(x8 cos 30° 1 y8 sin 30°)2 A Þ C; ellipse
2
2}2}x8 1 }2} y8 5 }6}1}2}x8 1 }2}y82
1 Ï3
w 1 Ï3
w 1 4x2 1 5y2 5 20
4(x 2h)2 1 5(y 2 k)2 5 20
2}2}x8 1 }2}y8 5 }6}3}4}(x8)2 1 }4} x8y8
1 Ï3
w 1 3 2Ïw
3
4(x 2 5)2 1 5(y 1 6)2 5 20
1 }4}(y8)24
1
(h, k) 5 (5, 26)
1 Ï3
w 1 Ï3
w 1 4(x2 2 10x 1 25) 1 5(y2 1 12y 1 36) 5 20
2}2}x8 1 }2}y8 5 }8}(x8)2 1 }12}x8y8 1 }2}
4 (y8)
2
4x2 2 40x 1 100 1 5y2 1 60y 1 180 5 20
212x8 1 12Ï3 wy8 5 3(x8)2 1 2Ï3 wx8y8 1 (y8)2 4x2 1 5y2 2 40x 1 60y 1 260 5 0
0 5 3(x8)2 1 2Ï3 wx8y8 2
15. B 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(3)(1)
1 (y8)2 1 12x8 2 12Ï3 wy8
5 212
wx8y8 1 (y8)2 1 12x8 2 12Ï3
3(x8) 1 2Ï3 wy8 5 0
A Þ C; ellipse
12b. 3x2 1 2Ï3 wxy 1 y2 1 12x 2 12Ï3 wy 5 0 3x2 1 y2 5 9
2
1y 1 (2Ï3 wx 2 12Ï3 w)y 1 (3x2 1 12x)5 0 3(x 2 h) 1 (y 2 k)2 5 9
2




















↑ ↑ ↑ 3(x 1 1)2 (y 2 3)2 5 9 (h, k) 5 (21, 3)
a b c 3(x2 1 2x 1 1) 1 y2 2 6y 1 9 5 9
2b 6 Ïwb2 2 4w
ac 3x2 1 6x 1 3 1 y2 2 6y 1 9 5 9
y5 }}}
2a
3x2 1 y2 1 6x 2 6y 1 3 5 0
w) 6 Ïw
wx 2 12Ï3
2(2Ï3 wxw
(2Ï3 2 12ww)2 w
Ï3 2 4(1w
)(3x2 1w
12x) 2
16. B 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(12)(4)
y5 }}}}}}}
2(1)
5 2192
Ïw
12x2 2w
144x w
1 432w
2 12w
x2 2 4w
8x A Þ C; ellipse
wx 1 6Ï3
y 5 2Ï3 w6 }}}}}
2
4y2 1 12x2 5 24
Ï2192
wx w21 43w 1 4(y 2 k) 1 12(x 2 h)2 5 24
2
wx 1 6Ï3
y 5 2Ï3 w6 }}
2 and y 5 }6}x2
4(y 2 4)2 1 12(x 1 1)2 5 24
(h, k) 5 (21, 4)
4(y2 2 8y 1 16) 1 12(x2 1 2x 1 1) 5 24
4y2 2 32y 1 64 1 12x2 1 24x 1 12 5 24
y2 2 8y 1 16 1 3x2 1 6x 1 3 5 6
3x2 1 y2 1 6x 2 8y 1 13 5 0
2
17. B 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(9)(225)
5 900
hyperbola
9x2 2 25y2 5 225
9(x 2 h) 2 25(y 2 k)2 5 225
2
Pages 675–677 Exercises 9(x 2 0)2 2 25(y 2 5)2 5 225 (h, k) 5 (0, 5)
13. B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(3)(0) 9x2 2 25(y2 2 10y 1 25) 5 225
50 9x2 2 25y2 1 250y 2 850 5 0
parabola 18. (x 2 3)2 5 4y
y 5 3x2 2 2x 1 5 2
x 1 6x 1 9 2 4y 5 0
y 2 5 5 3x2 2 2x B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(1)(0)
y 2 5 5 31x2 2 }3}x2
2 50
1 2 1 2 parabola
y 1 2
2 5 1 3 }3} 5 33x2 2 }3}x 1 1}3}2
2
4 (x 1 3)2 5 4y
1 2
y 2 }3}
14
5 1
3 x 2 }3} 2 (x 1 3 2 h)2 5 4(y 2 k)
(x 1 3 1 7)2 5 4(y 2 2) (h, k) 5 (27, 2)
2
14
y 2 }3} 2 k 5 1 1
3 x 2 }3} 2 h 2 (x 1 10)2 5 4y 2 8
2 x2 1 20x 1 100 5 4y 2 8
14
y 2 }3} 1 3 5 1 1
3 x 2 }3} 2 2 2 (h, k) 5 (2, 23) 2
x 1 20x 2 4y 1 108 5 0
7 2
5
y 2 }3} 5 1
3 x 2 }3} 2 19. B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(1)(0)
5
y 2 }3} 5 1 14 49
3 x2 2 }3}x 1 }9} 2 parabola
50
5 49
y 2 }3} 5 3x2 2 14x 1 }3} x2 2 8y 5 0
2
(x8 cos 90° 1 y8 sin 90°) 28(2x8 sin 90° 1 y8 cos 90°) 5 0
05 3x2 2 14x 2 y 1 18
3x2 2 14x 2 y 1 18 5 0 (y8)2 2 8(2x8) 5 0
(y8)2 1 8x 5 0

353 Chapter 10
20. B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(2)(2) 24. B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(16)(24)
5 216 5 256
A 5 C; circle hyperbola
2x2 1 2y2 5 8 16x2 2 4y2 5 64
2(x8 cos 30° 1 y8 sin 30°)2 16(x8 cos 60° 1 y8 sin 60°)2
1 2(2x8 sin 30° 1 y8 cos 30°)2 5 8 2 4(2x8 sin 60° 1 y8 cos 60°) 5 64
2 2
161}2}x8 1 }2}y82 2 412}2}x8 1 }2}y82 5 64
2 2 Ï3
w Ï3
w
Ï3w
1 2 Ï3 w
1 2
1 1 1 1
2 }2}x8 1 }2}y8 1 2 2}2}x8 1 }2}y8 5 8
163}4}(x8)2 1 }2}x8y8 1 }4}(y8)24
1 Ïw
3 3
3 3 Ï3w 1
2 }4}(x8)2 1 }2}x8y8 1 }4}(y8)2 4
2 43}4}(x8)2 2 }2}x8y8 1 }4}(y8)24 5 64
3 Ï3
w 1
1
3Ï3
w 3
1 2 }4}(x8)2 2}2}x8y8 1 }4}(y8)2 5 8 4
3
}}(x8)2 1 Ï3
1 1 4(x8)2 1 8Ï3 wx8y8 1 12(y8)2
wx8y8 1 }2}(y8)2 1 }2}(x8)2
2 2 3(x8)2 1 2Ï3wx8y8 2 (y8)2 5 64
3
2 Ï3 wx8y8 1 }2}(y8)2 5 8 (x8)2 1 10Ï3 wx8y8 1 11y8)2 2 64 5 0
2(x8)2 1 2(y8)2 5 8 25. 6x2 1 5y2 5 30
6(x8 cos 30° 1 y8 sin 30°) 2
(x8)2 1 (y8)2 2 4 5 0
1 5(2x8 sin 30° 1 y8 cos 30°)2 5 30
21. B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(1)(0) 2 2
61}2}x8 1 }2}y82 1 512}2}x8 1 }2}y82 5 30
Ï3
w 1 1 Ï3
w
50
63}4}(x8)2 1 }2} x8y8 1 }4}(y8)24
A Þ C; parabola 3 Ïw
3 1
y2 1 8x 5 0
1 53}4}(x8)2 2 }2}x8y8 1 }4}(y8)24 5 30
2 1 Ï3
w 3
12x8 sin }p6} 1 y8 cos }p6}2 1 81x8 cos }p6} 1 y8 sin }p6}2 5 0
2 18 63 6 5 w
5Ï3
12}12}x8 1 }Ï2}3w y82 1 81}Ï2}3w x8 1 }12}y82 5 0 }}(x8)2
4
1 }2} x8y8 1 }4}(y8)2 1 }4}(x8)2 2 }2}x8y8
15
1 Ï3
}}(x8)2 2 } w
}x8y8
3
wx8 1 4y8 5 0
1 }4}(y8)2 1 4Ï3 1 }4}(y8)2 5 30
4 2
23 Ï3w 21
(x8)2 2 2Ï3 wx8y8 1 wx8 1 16y8 5 0
3(y8)2 1 16Ï3 }}(x8)2 1 }}x8y8 1 }}(y8)2 2 30 50
4 2 4
2 2
22. B 2 4AC 5 1 2 4(0)(0) 23(x8)2 1 2Ï3wx8y8 1 21(y8)2 2 120 50
51 26. 32 2 4AC 5 42 2 4(9)(5)
hyperbola 5 2164
xy 5 28 A Þ C; ellipse
1x8 cos }p4} 1 y8 sin }p4}212x8 sin }p4} 1 y8 cos }p4}2 5 28
B
tan 2v 5 } }
A2C

1}Ï2}2w x8 1 }Ï2}2w y8212}Ï2}2w x8 1 }Ï2}2w y82 5 28

4
tan 2v 5 } }
925
1 1 1 1 tan 2v 5 1
2}2}(x8)2 1 }2}x8y8 2 }2}x8y8 1 }2}(y8)2 5 28
2v 5 45°
(x8)2 2 (y8)2 5 16 v ø 23°
(x8)2 2 (y8)2 2 16 5 0 27. B2 2 4AC 5 (21)2 2 4(1)(24)
23. B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(1)(1) 5 17
5 24 hyperbola
A 5 C; circle B
tan 2v 5 } }
A2C
x2 2 5x 1 y2 5 3 21
2 tan 2v 5 } }
1x8 cos }p3} 1 y8 sin }p3}2 2 51x8 cos }3} 1 y8 sin }3}2
p p 1 2 (24)
1
p 2 tan 2v 5 2}5}
1 12x8 sin }3} 1 y8 cos }3}2 5 3
p
2v ø 211.30993247°
2
1}12}x8 1 }Ï2}3w y82 2 51}2}x8 1 }2}y82
1 Ï3
w v ø 26°
2 28. B2 2 4AC 5 82 2 4(8)(2)
1 12}2}x8 1 }2} y82 5 3
Ïw
3 1
50
1 Ï3
w 3 5 w
5Ï3 parabola
}}(x8)2 1 }2}x8y8 1 }4}(y8)2 2 }2}x8 2 }2}y8 B
4 tan 2v 5 } }
3 Ïw
3 1 A2C
1 }4}(x8)2 2 }2}x8y8 1 }4}(y8)2 5 3 tan 2v 5 } }
8
5 5Ï3w 822
(x8)2 1 (y8)2 2 }}x8
2 2 }} y
2
53 4
tan 2v 5 }3}
2(x8)2 1 2(y8)2 wy8 2 6 5 0
2 5x8 2 5Ï3 2v ø 53.13010235°
v ø 27°
29. B2 2 4AC 5 92 2 4(2)(14)
5 231
A Þ C; ellipse
B
tan 2v 5 } }
A2C
9
tan 2v 5 } }
2 2 14
3
tan 2v 5 2}4}
2v ø 236.86989765°
v ø 218°

Chapter 10 354
30. B2 2 4AC 5 42 2 4(2)(5) 36. (x 2 2)2 1 (y 2 2)2 1 4(x 1 y) 5 8
5 224 x2 2 4x 1 4 1 y2 2 4y 1 4 1 4x 1 4y 5 8
A Þ C; ellipse (1)y2 1 0y 1 x2 5 0
tan 2v 5 } }
B ↑ ↑ ↑
A2C
4 a b c
tan 2v 5 } }
225 2b 6 Ïwb2 2 4w
ac
4
y5 }}}
2a
tan 2v 5 2}3} 0 6 Ïw
0 2 4w
(1)(x2)
2v ø 253.13010235° y5 }}}
2(1)
v ø 227° Ïw
24x2
y 5 6}
31. B2 2 4AC 5 14Ï3 w2 2 4(2)(6)
2 2
x 5 0, y 5 0; point
50
parabola y
B
tan 2v 5 }}
A2C
4Ï3w (0, 0)
tan 2v 5 }
226
O x
tan 2v 5 2Ï3w
2v 5 260°
v 5 230°
32. B2 2 4AC 5 42 2 4(2)(2) 37. x2 2 2xy 1 y2 2 5x 2 5y 5 0
50 (1)y2 1 (22x 2 5)y 1 (x2 2 5x) 5 0
















parabola ↑ ↑ ↑
p
A 5 C; v 5 }4} or 45° a b c
2b 6 Ïwb2 2 4w
ac
33. (x 2 2)2 2 (x 1 3)2 5 5(y 1 2) y5 }}}
2a
x 2 4x 1 4 2 x2 2 6x 2 9 5 5(y 1 2)
2
2(22x 2 5) 6 Ïw(22x 2w5)2 2w
4(1)(x2w
2 5x)w
210x 2 5 5 5(y 1 2) y5 }}}}}}
2(1)
22x 2 1 5 y 1 2 2x 1 5 6 Ïw4x2 1w
20x 1w
25 2w
4x2 1w
20x
y y5 }}}}}
2
22x 2 3 5 y
w
2x 1 5 6 Ï40x 1w
25
y 5 22x 2 3 line y5 }}}
2
O x

y 5 22x 2 3

34. 2x2 1 6y2 1 8x 2 12y 1 14 5 0

x2 1 3y2 1 4x 2 6y 1 7 5 0
3y 1 (26)y 1 (x2 1 4x 1 7) 5 0
2










↑ ↑ ↑ [26.61, 14.6] scl;1 by [22, 12] scl;1

a b c 38. 2x2 1 9xy 1 14y2 5 5
2 b 6 Ïw
b2 2 4w
ac 14y2 1 (9x)y 1 (2x2 2 5) 5 0
y5 }}}








2a
2(26) 6 Ïw
(26)2 w
2 4(3w
)(x2 1w
4x 1 w
7)
↑ ↑ ↑
y5 }}}}}
2(3) a b c
6 6 Ïw
212x2w2 48w
x 2 48 2b 6 Ïwb2 2 4w
ac
y5 }}} y5 }}}
2a
6
6 6 Ïw
212(xw
1 2)2 29x 6 Ïw
(9x)2 2w4(14)w
(2x2 2w
5)
y5 }}} y5 }}}}
2(14)
6
x 5 22, y 5 1; point 29x 6 Ïw
221x2w
1 28w
0
y5 }}}
28
y
(22, 1)

O x

35. y2 2 9x2 5 0 y
y2 5 9x2 [27.58, 7.58] scl;1 by [25, 5] scl;1
y 5 3x
y 5 Ïw 9x2
y 5 6 3x O x
intersecting lines y 5 23x

355 Chapter 10
39. 8x2 1 5xy 2 4y2 5 22 42. 9x2 1 4xy 1 6y2 5 20
(24)y2 1 (5x)y 1 (8x2 1 2) 5 0 6y2 1 (4x)y 1 (9x2 2 20) 5 0


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












↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
a b c a b c
2b 6 Ïwb2 2 4w
ac 2b 6 Ïwb2 2 4w
ac
y5 }}}
2a y5 }}}
2a
25x 6 Ïw
(5x)2 2w
4(24w
)(8x2 1w
2) 24x 6 Ïw
(4x)2 2w4(6)(9w
x2 2 2w
0)
y5 }}}} y5 }}}}
2(6)
25x 6 Ïw
153x2w
1 32 24x 6 Ïw
2212w
x2 1 4w
80
y5 }}} y5 }}}
12

[27.58, 7.58] scl;1 by [25, 5] scl;1 [27.85, 7.85] scl;1 by [25, 5] scl;1
40. 2x2 1 4Ï3 wxy 1 6y2 1 3x 5 y 43a. y
6y2 1 (4Ï3wx 2 1)y 1 (2x2 1 3x) 5 0 (0, 5280)
















↑ ↑ ↑ (1320, 1320)
a b c
2b 6 Ïwb2 2 4w
ac
y5 }}}
2a O (5280, 0) x
wx 2 1) 6
2(4Ï3 Ïw wxw
(4Ï3 2 1)2w
2 4(6w
)(2x2 1w
3x)
y5 }}}}}}
2(6)
wx 1 1 6 Ïw
24Ï3 48x2 2w wxw
8Ï3 1 1 2w
48x2 w
2 72x
y5 }}}}}}
12
wx 1 1 6 Ïw
24Ï3 ww
28Ï3x 2 72w
x11
T(1320, 1320)
y5 }}}}}
12 43b. circle
center: (h, k) 5 (1320, 1320)
radius: r 5 1320
(x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
(x 2 1320)2 1 (y 2 1320)2 5 13202
(x 2 1320)2 1 (y 2 1320)2 5 1,742,400
44a. B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(1)(0)
50
parabola; 360°
[28.31, 2.31] scl;1 by [22, 5] scl;1 44b. B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(8)(6)
41. 2x2 1 4xy 1 2y2 1 2Ï2 wx 2 2Ï2wy 5 212 5 2192
A Þ C; ellipse; 180°
2y2 1 (4x 2 2Ï2w)y 1 (2x2 1 2Ï2wx 1 12) 5 0
44c. B2 2 4AC 5 42 2 4(0)(0)






















↑ ↑ ↑ 5 16
a b c hyperbola; 180°
2b 6 b2 2 4ac
y5 }}
2a
44d. 32 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(15)(15)
2(4x 2 2Ï2w)6 Ïw
(4x 2 w w)2w
2Ï2 2 4(2w
)(2x2 1w wxw
2Ï2 1 12)w 5 2900
y5 }}}}}}}
2(2) A 5 C; circle; There is no minimum angle of
w 6 Ïw
24x 1 2Ï2 16x2 2w
16Ï2ww
x18w
2 16x2w
2 16wwx 2w
Ï2 96 rotation, since any degree of rotation will result
y5 }}}}}}}
4 in a graph that coincides with the original.
w 6 Ïw
24x 1 2Ï2 232Ïw
wx 2 8w
2 8 45. Let x 5 x8 cos v 1 y8 sin v and
y5 }}}}
4
y 5 2x8 sin v 1 y8 cos v.
x2 1 y2 5 r2
(x8 cos v 1 y8 sin v)2 1 (2x8 sin v 1 y8 cos v)2 5 r2
(x8)2 cos2 v 1 x8y8 cos v sin v 1 (y8)2 sin2 v
1 (x8)2 sin2 v 2 x8y8 cos v sin v 1 (y8)2 cos v 5 r2
[(x8)2 1 (y8)2] cos2 v 1 [(x8)2 1 (y8)2] sin2 v 5 r2
[(x8)2 1 (y8)2](cos2 v 1 sin2 v) 5 r2
[(x8)2 1 (y8)2](1) 5 r2
(x8)2 1 (y8)2 5 r2
46a. B 2 4AC 5 1210Ï3 w2 2 4(31)(21)
2
[210.58, 4.58] scl;1 by [22, 8] scl;1 2
5 22304
A Þ C; elliptical

Chapter 10 356
46b. 31x2 2 10Ï3 wxy 1 21y2 5 144 48a. center: (h, k) 5 (0, 0)
21y2 1 (210Ï3wx)y 1 (31x2 2 144) 5 0 major axis: horizontal
w or 9
a 5 Ï81










↑ ↑ ↑
a b c b 5 Ï36
w or 6
2b 6 Ïwb2 2 4w
ac c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w
y5 }}}
2a c 5 Ï81
w36 2w
wx) 6 Ïw
2(210Ï3 (210Ïw wx)2 2w
3 4(21)w
(31x2 w
2 144w) c 5 Ï45
w or 3Ï5 w
y5 }}}}}}
2(21)
y
wx 6 Ïw
10Ï3 2230w
4x2 1w
12,09w
6 8
y5 }}}}
42
4
y
28 24 O 4 8 x
24

O x 28

48b. T(3Ï5w, 0)
x2 y2
}} 1 }} 5 1
81 36
B (x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
46c. tan 2v 5 } } }} 1 }} 5 1
A2C 81 36
210Ï3 w (x8 2 3Ï5w )2 (y8)2
tan 2v 5 } 48c. }} 1 }} 5 1
31 2 21 36 81
tan 2v 5 2Ï3w 49. A 5 23, C 5 5; since A and C have different signs,
2v 5 260° the conic is a hyperbola.
v 5 230° 50. (h, k) 5 (2, 23)
B c
47a. tan 2v 5 } }
A2C e 5 }a}
22Ïw
3 2Ï6w c
tan 2v 5 } } }} 5 }}
9 2 11 5 1
2Ï6w
tan 2v 5 Ï3w }} 5 c
5
2v 5 60°
b2 5 a2 2 c2
v 5 30° w 2
b2 5 12 2 1}5}2
2Ï6
The graph of this equation has been rotated 30°.
To transform the graph so the axes are on the 1
b2 5 }2}
5
x- and y-axes, rotate the graph 230°.
major axis: horizontal
47b. B2 2 4AC 5 122Ï3 w2 2 4(9)(11)
2
(x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
5 2384 }}
a2 1 }b} 2 51
A Þ C; the graph is an ellipse. (x 2 2)2 [y 2 (23)]2
}} 1 }}
1 51
9x2 2 2Ï3wxy 1 11y2 2 24 5 0 1
}}
25
9[x8 cos (230°) 1 y8 sin (230°)]2 2 2Ï3w (x 2 2) 1 25(y 1 3)2
2 51
[(x8 cos (230°) 1 y8 sin (230°)] major axis : vertical
[2x8 sin (230°) 1 y8 cos (230°)] 1 11 (y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
}}
a2 1 }b}
2 51
[2x8 sin (230°) 1 y8 cos (230°)2] 2 24 5 0
2 [y 2 (23)]2 (x 2 2)2
91}2}x8 2 }2}y82 2 2Ï3
w1}2}x8 2 }2}y82
Ï3
w 1 Ïw
3 1 }} 1} 51
12 1
}}
2 25
1}12}x8 1 }Ï2}3w y82 1 111}12}x8 1 }Ï2}3w y82 2 24 5 0 (y 1 3)2 1 25(x 2 2)2 5 1

93}4}(x8)2 2 }2}x8y8 1 }4}(y8)24 2

3 Ï3w 1 51.
v 0 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180°

w3}4}(x8)2 1 }4}x8y8 2 }4}x8y8 2 }4}(y8)24

Ï3w 3 1 Ï3 w r 1 1.4 3.9 23.9 21.4 21 21
2Ï3
90˚
1 113}4}(x8)2 1 }2}x8y8 1 }4}(y8)24 2 24 5 0
1 Ïw 3 3
120˚ 60˚
27 9Ï3w 9 6
}}(x8)2 2 }}x8y8 1 }}(y8)2 2 }}(x8)2 150˚ 30˚
4 2 4 4
6Ï3w w
2Ï3 6
2 }4}x8y8 1 }4}x8y8 1 }4}(y8)2 180˚ 0˚
1 2 3 4
11 11Ï3 w 33
1 }4}(x8)2 1 }2}x8y8 1 }4}(y8)2 2 24 5 0
210˚ 330˚
8(x8)2 1 12(y8)2 2 24 5 0
240˚ 300˚
(x8)2 (y8)2 270˚
}}
3 1 }2} 5 1

357 Chapter 10
52. N 58.
x h(x) 5 [[x]] 2 3
8 c2 5 a2 1 b2
c2 5 82 1 52 23 # x , 2 2 26
W E
5 w
c 5 Ï89 22 # x , 21 25
c
c ø 9.4 21 # x , 0 24
about 9.4 m/s 0#x,1 23
S
1#x,2 22
53. cos 70° ø 0.34 2#x,3 21
cos 170° ø 20.98 3#x,4 0
cos 70° 4#x,5 1
5p 5p 180°
54. }}
16 5 }16} 3 }p} 5#x,6 2
5 56.25 6#x,7 3
15
5 56}6}
0 h (x )
5 56° 158
2y 1 5 2y 1 5
55. } }
y2 1 3y 1 2 5} }
(y 1 2)(y 1 1)
2y 1 5 A B
} } 5}} }}
y2 1 3y 1 2 y12 1 y11
x
2y 1 5 5 A(y 1 1) 1 B(y 1 2)
2(22) 1 5 5 A(22 1 1) 1 B(22 1 2)
1 5 2A
21 5 A
2y 1 5 5 A(y 1 1) 1 B(y 1 2)
2(21) 1 5 5 A(21 1 1) 1 B (21 1 2) 5a8b5 a2b3
35B 59. The expression }}
6 2 simplifies to }}. Since
180a b 36
A
}} 1 }}
B 21 3 1 , b and 2 , a, the expression is always larger
y12 y11 5}} }}
y12 1 y11 2213 1
x1 x2 than }} 5 }}. Since b , 2 and a , 3, the
36 9
56. }} }}
y2 5 y1 3223 72
expression is always less than }} 5 }} or 2.
12 5
36 36
}}
y2 5 }}
4 The correct choice is B.
y2 5 9.6
57. 8m 2 3n 2 4p 5 6
8m 5 6 1 3n 1 4p 10-8 Systems of Second-Degree
m5
3
}} 1
3
}}n 1
1
}}p Equations and Inequalities
4 8 2
4m 1 9n 2 2p 5 24
Page 682 Check for Understanding
41 2 1 9n 2 2p 5 24
3 3 1
}}
4 1 }8}n 1 }2}p 1. Possible number of solutions: 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4
3
3 1 }2}n 1 2p 1 9n 2 2p 5 24
21
}}n 5 27
2
2
n 5 2}3}
8m 2 3n 2 4p 5 6 6m 1 12n 1 5p 5 21
8m 2 312}3}2 2 4p 5 6 6m 1 1212}3}2 1 5p 5 21
2 2

8m 1 2 2 4p 5 6 6m 2 8 1 5p 5 21
8m 2 4p 5 4 6m 1 5p 5 7
2m 2 p 5 1
2m 2 p 5 1 → 10m 2 5p 5 5
6m 1 5p 5 7 → (1) 6m 1 5p 5 7
16m 5 12
3
m 5 }4}
8m 2 3n 2 4p 5 6
81 2 2 312}23}2 2 4p 5 6
3
}}
4
6 1 2 2 4p 5 6
1
p 5 }2}
1}34}, 2}23}, }12}2

Chapter 10 358
2. Sample answer: y 5 x2, x2 1 (y 1 3)2 5 9 7. x2 1 y2 5 4
y y 2 5 4 2 x2
9x2 2 4y2 5 36 x2 1 y2 5 4
y5 x2
9x 2 4(4 2 x2) 5 36
2 22 1 y2 5 4
O x 13x2 2 16 5 36 y2 5 0
x2 5 4 y50
x 2 1 (y 1 3)2 5 9 x 5 62
(62, 0)
y

3. The system contains equation(s) that are

equivalent. The graphs coincide. (22, 0) (2, 0)
4. Graph each second-degree inequality. The region O x
in which the graphs overlap represents the
solution to the system.
5. x 2 y 5 0
x5y
(x 2 1)2 (y 2 1)2 8. xy 5 1 x2 5 y
}} 1 }} 51
20 5 x(x2) 5 1 12 5 y
(x 2 1)2 (x 2 1)2
}} 1 }}
20 5 51 x3 5 1 15y
(x 2 1)2 1 4(x 2 1)2
5 20 x51
x2 2 2x 1 1 1 4(x2 2 2x 1 1) 5 20 (1, 1)
5x2 2 10x 1 5 2 20 5 0 y
5(x2 2 2x 2 3) 5 0
5(x 2 3)(x 1 1) 5 0
x2350 x1150 (1, 1)
x53 x 5 21 O x
(3, 3), (21, 21)
y
(3, 3)
9. y 10. y
4
O
x
(21, 21) O 4 8 12 x
O x
24

6. x 1 2y 5 10 28
x 5 10 2 2y 212
x2 1 y2 5 16
(10 2 2y)2 1 y2 5 16
100 2 40y 1 5y2 5 16 11. y
5y2 2 40y 1 84 5 0
8
2b 6 Ïwb2 2 4w
ac
y5 }}}
2a
4
2(240) 6 Ïw
(240)2w
2 4(w
5)(84)
y5 }}}}
2(5)
40 6 Ïw280 28 24 O 4 8 x
y5 }}
10 24
no solution
28
y

O x

359 Chapter 10
12a. Let x 5 side length of flowerbed 1. (2, 1), (22, 21)
Let y 5 side length of flowerbed 2. y
A1 5 x ? x or x2
A2 5 y ? y or y2
Total Area 5 x2 1 y2 (2, 1)
680 5 x2 1 y2
x2 1 y2 5 680 O x
Difference of Areas 5 x2 2 y2 (22, 21)
288 5 x2 2 y2
x2 2 y2 5 288
12b. y Since side length 15. 21 5 2x 1 y
40
cannot be negative, an 21 2 2x 5 y
20 estimated solution is 4x2 1 y2 5 25
(22, 14)
(22, 14). 4x 1 (21 2 2x)2 5 25
2

240 220 O 20 40 x 4x2 1 1 1 4x 1 4x2 5 25

220
8x2 1 4x 2 24 5 0
4(2x2 1 x 2 6) 5 0
240 4(2x 2 3)(x 1 2) 5 0
2x 2 3 5 0 x1250
12c. x2 1 y2 5 680 x 5 1.5 x 5 22
y2 5 680 2 x2 21 5 2x 1 y 21 5 2x 1 y
x2 2 y2 5 288 x2 1 y2 5 680 21 5 2(1.5) 1 y 21 5 2(22) 1 y
x 2 (680 2 x2) 5 288
2 222 1 y2 5 680 24 5 y 35y
2x2 5 968 y2 5 196 (1.5, 24), (22, 3)
x2 5 484 y 5 14
y
x 5 22
22 ft and 14 ft
(22, 3)

Pages 682–684 Exercises O x

13. x 2 1 5 0 y
(1, 6.9)
x51
y2 5 49 2 x2 (1.5, 24)
y2 5 49 2 (21)2
y2 5 48 O x
y ø 66.9 16. x 2 y 5 2
(1, 66.9) x521y
(1, 26.9) x2 5 100 2 y2
(2 1 y)2 5 100 2 y2
14. xy 5 2 4 1 4y 1 y2 5 100 2 y2
2
2y 1 4y 2 96 5 0
2
y 5 }x} 2(y2 1 2y 2 48) 5 0
x2 5 3 1 y2 2(y 2 6)(y 1 8) 5 0
2 2
x2 5 3 1 1}x}2 y2650 y1850
4
y56 y 5 28
x2 5 3 1 }x}2 x2y52 x2y52
x4 5 3x2 1 4 x2652 x 2 (28) 5 2
x4
2 3x2
2450 x58 x 5 26
(x2 2 4)(x2 1 1) 5 0 (8, 6), (26, 28)
x2 2 4 5 0 x2 1 1 5 0 y
2
x 54 x2 5 21
x 5 62 (8, 6)
xy 5 2 xy 5 2
2(y) 5 2 (22)y 5 2
y51 y 5 21
O x

(26, 8)

Chapter 10 360
17. x 2 y 5 0 19. x 1 y 5 21
x5y y 5 21 2 x
(x 2 1)2
}} 2 y2 51 (y 2 1)2 5 4 1 x
9
(y 2 1)2
(21 2 x 2 1)2 5 4 1 x
}} 2 y2 51 (22 2 x)2 5 4 1 x
9
(y 2 1)2 2 9y2 59 4 1 4x 1 x2 5 4 1 x
y2 2 2y 1 1 2 9y2 5 9 x2 1 3x 5 0
28y2 2 2y 2 8 5 0 x(x 1 3) 5 0
4y2 1 y 1 4 5 0 x50 x1350
x 5 23
2b 6 Ïw w
b2 2 4ac
y5 }}}
2a x 1 y 5 21 x 1 y 5 21
21 6 Ïw w
12 2 4(4)(4) 0 1 y 5 21 23 1 y 5 21
y5 }}}
2(1) y 5 21 y52
w
21 6 Ï263 (0, 21), (23, 2)
y5 }}
2
y
no solution
(23, 2)
y

O
x
(0, 21)
O x

20. xy 1 6 5 0
6
y 5 2}x}
18. x2 1 2y2 5 10
x2 5 10 2 2y2 x2 1 y2 5 13
6 2
3x2 5 9 2 y2 x2 1 12}x}2 5 13
3(10 2 2y2) 5 9 2 y2 36
30 2 6y2 5 9 2 y2 x2 1 }x}2 5 13
25y2 5 221 x4 1 36 5 13x2
y2 5 4.2 x4 2 13x2 1 36 5 0
y ø 62.0 (x2 2 9)(x2 2 4) 5 0
3x2 5 9 2 y2 3x2 5 9 2 y2 x2 2 9 5 0 x2 2 4 5 0
3x2 ø 9 2 (2.0)2 3x2 ø 9 2 (22.0)2 x2 5 9 x2 5 4
x2 ø 1.6 x2 ø 1.6 x 5 63 x 5 62
x ø 61.3 x 5 61.3 xy 1 6 5 0 xy 1 6 5 0
(61.3, 2.0), (61.3, 22.0) 3y 1 6 5 0 2y 1 6 5 0
y y 5 22 y 5 23
xy 1 6 5 0 xy 1 6 5 0
(21.3, 2.0) (1.3, 2.0) 23y 1 6 5 0 22y 1 6 5 0
y52 y53
(3, 22), (23, 2) (2, 23), (22, 3)
O x
y
(1.3, 22.0)
(22, 3)
(21.3, 22.0)
(23, 2)

O x
(3, 22)
(2, 23)

361 Chapter 10
21. x2 1 y 2 3 5 0 23. xy 5 24
x2 5 2y 1 3 4
y 5 2}x}
x2 1 4y2 5 36
2y 1 3 1 4y2 5 36 x2 5 25 2 9y2
4 2
4y2 2 y 2 33 5 0 x2 5 25 2 912}x}2
(y 2 3)(4y 1 11) 5 0 144
y2350 4y 1 11 5 0 x2 5 25 2 }x}
2

y53 y ø 22.8 x4 5 25x2 2 144

x2 1 y 2 3 5 0 x2 1 y 2 3 5 0 x42 25x2 1 144 5 0
x2 1 3 2 3 5 0 x2 1 (22.8) 2 3 ø 0 (x2 2 9)(x2 2 16) 5 0
x2 5 0 x2 ø 5.8 x2 2 9 5 0 x2 2 16 5 0
x50 x ø 62.4 x2 5 9 x2 5 16
(0, 3), (62.4, 22.8) x 5 63 x 5 64
y xy 5 24 xy 5 24
3y 5 24 4y 5 24
(0, 3)
y ø 21.3 y 5 21
xy 5 24 xy 5 24
23y 5 24 24y 5 24
y ø 1.3 y51
O x (3, 21.3), (23, 1.3) (4, 21), (24, 1)
24. 25.
(22.4, 22.8) (2.4, 22.8) y y
8

4
O
22. 2y 2 x 1 3 5 0 28 24 4 8 x O x
2y 1 3 5 x 24
x2 5 16 2 y2
(2y 1 3)2 5 16 2 y2 28
4y2 1 12y 1 9 5 16 2 y2
5y2 1 12y 2 7 5 0 26. y
2b 6 Ïw w
b2 2 4ac
y5 }}}
2a
212 6Ïw
122 2w4(5)(2w
7)
y5 }}}
2(5)
212 6 Ï284
w
y5 }}
10
O x
y ø 0.5 or y ø 22.9
2y 2 x 1 3 5 0 2y 2 x 1 3 5 0
2(0.5) 2 x 1 3 ø 0 2(22.9) 2 x 1 3 ø 0
x ø 4.0 x ø 22.8
(4.0, 0.5), (22.8, 22.9)
y
27. y
8
(4, 0.5)
4
O x
28 24 O 4 8x
24
(22.8, 22.9)
28

Chapter 10 362
28. 29. 37a. 2x 1 2y 5 P xy 5 A
y y 2x 1 2y 5 150 xy 5 800
8
37b. A system of a line and a hyperbola may have 0,
4 1, or 2 solutions.
37c. y
28 24 O 4 8x
O x 80
24
40
28

280 240 O 40 80 x
240
30. 31.
y y 280
8

4 37d. xy 5 800
800
y 5 }x}
28 24 O 4 8 x
24 2x 1 2y 5 150
O x
2x 1 21}x}2 5 150
800
28
1600
2x 1 }x} 5 150
32. 33. 2x2 1 1600 5 150x
y y
8 x2 2 75x 1 800 5 0
4 2b 6 Ïwb2 2 4w
ac
x5 }}}
2a
4
2(275) 6 Ïw(275)w w)w
2 2 4(1)(800
28 24 O 4 x x5 }}}}
2(1)
28 24 O 4 8x 24 75 6 Ïw2425
24 x5 }}
2
28 x ø 12.88 or x ø 62.12
28 xy 5 800 xy 5 800
12.88y ø 800 62.12y ø 800
34. parabola: y ø 62.11 y ø 12.88
vertex: (1, 23) 12.9 m by 62.1 m or 62.1 m by 12.9 m
(y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h)
38a. (h, k) 5 (0, 4)
(25 1 3)2 5 4p(21 2 1)
1
(x, y) 5 (6, 0)
2}2} 5 p (x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k)
(6 2 0)2 5 4p (0, 4)
(y 2 3)2 5 412}2}2(x 2 1)
1
36 5 216p
(y 1 3)2 5 22(x 2 1) 22.25 5 p
line: (x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k)
m 5 22, b 5 27 (x 2 0)2 5 4(22.25)(y 2 4)
y 5 mx 1 b x2 5 29(y 2 4)
y 5 22x 2 7 2
x # 29(y 2 4), y $ 0
35. circle: 38b. y
w
center: (0, 0), radius: 2Ï2
x2 1 y2 5 r2
x2 1 y 2 5 8
hyperbola:
(22)(22) 5 4 x
xy 5 4 O
36. large ellipse:
a 5 5, b 5 4, center 5 (0, 0)
y2 x2
}}
a2 1 }b}2 5 1
y2 x2
}}
25 1 }16} # 1 (interior is shaded)
small ellipse:
a 5 3, b 5 2, center 5 (0, 21)
x2 (y 2 k)2
}}
a2 1
}}
b2 51
x2 (y 1 1)2
}} 1 }} . 1 (exterior is shaded)
9 4

363 Chapter 10
38c. (h, k) 5 (0, 3) 40b. y estimate: (40, 30)
(x, y) 5 (6, 0) 80
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k)
(6 2 0)2 5 4p(0 2 3) 40
36 5 212p O
23 5 p 280 240 40 80x
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k) 240
(x 2 0)2 5 4(23)(y 2 3)
x2 5 212(y 2 3)
2
x # 2 12(y 2 3), y $ 0 40c. x2 1 y2 5 2500
39. xy 5 212 x2 5 2500 2 y2
12 x2 1 (y 2 30)2 5 1600
y 5 2}x}
2500 2 y2 1 y2 2 60y 1 900 5 1600
x 5 2y 1 1 260y 1 1800 5 0
x 5 212}x}2 1 1
12 y 5 30
x2 5 12 1 x (x 2 35)2 1 (y 2 18)2 5 169
x2 2 x 2 12 5 0 x2 2 70x 1 1225 1 (30 2 18)2 5 169
(x 2 4)(x 1 3) 5 0 x2 2 70x 1 1200 5 0
(x 2 30)(x 2 40) 5 0
x2450 x1350
x54 x 5 23 x 2 30 5 0 or x 2 40 5 0
x 5 30 x 5 40
xy 5 212 xy 5 212
4y 5 212 23y 5 212 Check (30, 30) and (40, 30):
y 5 23 y54 x2 1 y2 5 2500 x2 1 y2 5 2500
(4, 23) (23, 4) 302 1 302 0 2500 402 1 302 0 2500
Check that (4, 23) and (23, 4) are also solutions 1800 Þ 2500 2500 5 2500 u
of y2 5 25 2 x2. (40, 30)
y2 5 25 2 x2 y2 5 25 2 x2 41. x 1 3y 5 k
(23)2 0 25 2 (4)2 (4)2 0 25 2 (23)2 2y2 1 3y 5 k
959 u 16 5 16 u 2y2 1 3y 2 k 5 0
3 1
(4, 23), (23, 4) y2 1 }2}y 2 }2}k 5 0
3 2
y y2 1 }2}y 1 1}4}2 5 0 Complete the square.
3

2
(23, 4) 1y 1 }34}2 50
3 2
2}2}k 5 1}4}2
1

1 9
2}2}k 5 }1}
6
O x 9
k 5 2}8}
(4, 23)
42a. y
8

40a. first station: (h, k 5 (0, 0) x

28 24 O 4 8
x2 1 y2 5 r2
24
x2 1 y2 5 502
x2 1 y2 5 2500 28
second station: (h, k) 5 (0, 30)
(x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2 42b. yes; (6, 2) or (6, 22)
x2 1 (y 2 30)2 5 402 42c. Earth’s surface:
x2 1 (y 2 30)2 5 1600 x12 1 y12 5 40
third station: (h, k) 5 (35, 18) x 2 y1 2
}1} 1 }40} 5 1
(x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2 40
(x 2 35)2 1 (y 2 18)2 5 132 2 2
1}40 2
1 1}40 2
x1 y1
(x 2 35)2 1 (y 2 18)2 5 169 Ïw
}
Ïw
} 51
cos2 t 1 sin2 t 5 1
2 2
1} }2 1} }2
x1 y1
Ï4
w0
5 cos2 t Ï4
w0
5 sin2 t
x1 y1
}}
w
2Ï10
5 cos t }}
2Ïw
10
5 sin t
w cos t
x1 5 2Ï10 w sin t
y1 5 2Ï10

Chapter 10 364
 asteroid: 49. No; the domain value 4 is mapped to two elements
Let y2 5 2t. in the range, 0 and 23.
x2 5 0.25y2 1 5 50. area of rectangle 5 ,q
x2 5 0.25 t2 1 5 5 8(4) or 32
42d. area of circles 5 2 (pr2)
5 2(4p) or 8p
area of shaded region 5 32 2 8p
The correct choice is E.

10-8B Graphing Calculator Exploration:

Tmin 5 28, Tmax 5 8, Tstep 5 0.13 Shading Areas on a Graph
[215.16, 15.16] scl;1 by [210, 10] scl 5 1
x2
} } 1 y2 5 1
Page 686
43. 9
1.
(x8 cos 30° 1 y8 sin 30°)2
}}} 1 (2x8 sin 30° 1 y8 cos 30°)2 5 1
9
1 Ïw 3 1
}}x8 1 }}y8
2 2
2
2 2
}}
9
1
1 Ïw3
1 2}2}x8 1 }2}y8 5 1 2
3 Ï3w 1
}}(x8)2 1 }}x8y8 1 }}(y8)2
4 2 4 1 Ï3
w 3
}}}
9 1 }4}(x8)2 2 }2}x8y8 1 }4}(y8)2 5 1
3 Ï3w 1 9 9Ï3w 27
}}(x8)2 1 }}x8y8 1 }}(y8)2 1 }}(x8)2 2}}x8y8 1 }} (y8)2 5 9
4 2 4 4 2 4 [29.1, 9.1] scl;1 by [26, 6] scl;1
3(x8)2 2 4Ï3 wx8y8 1 7(y8)2 2 9 5 0 2.
44. x 5 4t 1 1 y 5 5t 2 7
x21 y17
}}
4 5t }}
5 5t
x21 y17
}} 5 }}
4 5
(x 2 1)(5) 5 (4)(y 1 7)
5x 2 5 5 4y 1 28
5x 2 4y 2 33 5 0
45. 4 csc v cos v tan v 5 41}
sin v 2(cos v)1 cos v 2
1 sin v [29.1, 9.1] scl;1 by [26, 6] scl;1
} }}
3.
54
46. r 5 10 cm or 0.10 m
v 5 rq
v 5 (0.10)1}1}2
5 ? 2p

v ø 3.14 m/s
47.
r 1 0 0 24
0 1 0 0 24 [29.1, 9.1] scl;1 by [26, 6] scl;1
1 1 1 1 23 4.
2 1 2 4 4

between 1 and 2
48. y 5 (x 1 2)2 2 3
x 5 (y 1 2)2 2 3
x 1 3 5 (y 1 2)2
6Ïxw 135y12
6Ïxw 13225y [29.1, 9.1] scl;1 by [26, 6] scl;1
y 5a. 3
y 5 (x 1 2)2 2 3
5b. Find the points of intersection for the boundary
equation by using the TRACE function.
O
x

y 5 6 Ï····
x1322

365 Chapter 10
 5c. SHADE(2Ïw((362X2)/9),Ïw((362X2)/9),26,22,3,4); 14. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2
(x 2 0)2 1 (y 2 0)2 5 13Ï3
w2
2
SHADE(2X212,Ïw((362X2)/9),22,2,3,4,);
SHADE(2Ïw((362X2)/9), Ïw((362X2)/9),2,6,3,4) x2 1 y2 5 27
y
(0, 3Ï·3)

(3Ï·3, 0)
O x

[29.1, 9.1] scl;1 by [26, 6] scl;1

15. (x 2 h)2 1 (y 2 k)2 5 r2 y
6. See students’ work.
(x 2 2)2 1 (y 2 1)2 5 22
(x 2 2)2 1 (y 2 1)2 5 4
(2, 1)
(4, 1)
Chapter 10 Study Guide and Assessment
O x
(2, 21)
Page 687 Understanding and Using the
Vocabulary
16. x2 1 y2 5 6y
1. true 2. false; center
x2 1 (y2 2 6y 1 ?) 5 0 1 ?
3. false; transverse 4. true x2 1 (y2 2 6y 1 9) 5 0 1 9
5. false; hyperbola 6. false; axis or axis of x2 1 (y 2 3)2 5 9
symmetry y
7. true 8. false; parabola (0, 6)
9. true 10. false; ellipse
(3, 3)
(0, 3)
Pages 688–690 Skills and Concepts
11. d 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2
O x
d 5 Ïw
(23 2w1)2 1w
[24 2w
(26)]2
d 5 Ï20
w or 2Ï5w 17. x2 1 14x 1 y2 1 6y 5 23
1 251 2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 1 1 (23) 26 1 (24) (x21 14x 1 ?) 1 (y2 1 6y 1 ?) 5 23 1 ? 1 ?
2 ,
} } }} } }, } }
2 2 2
5 (21, 25) (x 1 14x 1 49) 1 (y2 1 6y 1 9) 5 23 1 49 1 9
2
(x 1 7)2 1 (y 1 3)2 5 81
12. d 5 Ïw
x2 2 x w
1) 1 w
2 (y2 2 w
y1)2
(27, 6) y
d 5 Ïw
(a 1 3w2 a)2w
1 (b w
1 4 2w
b)2
d 5 Ï25
w or 5
1}2}, }2}2 5 1} }, }}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2
a1a13 b1b14
2 2 (27, 23) O x
5 (a 1 1.5, b 1 2)
(216, 23)
13. AB 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2
5 Ïw
[3 2 (w
25)]2 w
1 [4 2w(22)]2w
5 Ï100
w or 10
DC 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w(y2 2w
y1)2
18. 3x2 1 3y2 1 6x 1 12y 2 60 5 0
5 Ïw
(10 2w2)2 1w[3 2 w(23)]2 x2 1 y2 1 2x 1 4y 2 20 5 0
5 Ï100
w or 10 (x2 1 2x 1 ?) 1 (y2 1 4y 1 ?) 5 20 1 ? 1 ?
BC 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w(y2 2wy1)2 (x2 1 2x 1 1) 1 (y2 1 4y 1 4) 5 20 1 1 1 4
(x 1 1)2 1 (y 1 2)2 5 25
5 Ïw
(10 2w3)2 1w(3 2 w4)2
y
5 Ï50
w or 5Ï2 w
(21, 3)
AD 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w(y2 2wy1)2
5 Ïw [2 2 (w
25)]2 w
1 [23w 2(22w)]2
O x
5 Ï50
w or 5Ï2 w (21, 22) (4, 22)
Yes; AB 5 DC 5 10 and BC 5 AD 5 5Ï2 w. Since
opposite sides of quadrilateral ABCD are
congruent, ABCD is a parallelogram.

Chapter 10 366
19. x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 1 F 5 0 minor axis vertices: (h, k 6 b) 5 (3, 21 6 2) or
12 1 12 1 D(1) 1 E(1) 1 F 5 0 ⇒ (3, 1), (3, 23)
D 1 E 1 F 5 22 y
(22)2 1 22 1 D(22) 1 E(2) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
22D 1 2E 1 F 5 28 (3, 1)
(25)2 1 12 1 D(25) 1 E(1) 1 F 5 0 ⇒
25D 1 E 1 F 5 226 O (8, 21) x
D 1 E 1 F 5 22 (3, 21)
(21)(25D 1 E 1 F) 5 (21)(226) (22, 21) (3, 23)
6D 5 24
D54
22D 1 2E 1 F 5 28 22. 6x2 1 4y2 1 24x 2 32y 1 64 5 0
(21)(D 1 E 1 F) 5 (21)(22) 6(x2 1 4x 1 ?) 1 4(y2 2 8y 1 ?) 5 264 1 ? 1 ?
23D 1 E 5 26 6(x2 1 4x 1 4) 1 4(y2 28y 1 16) 5 264 1 6(4) 1 4(16)
23(4) 1 E 5 26 6(x 1 2)2 1 4(y 2 4)2 5 24
E56 (x 1 2)2 (y 2 4)2
}} 1 }} 5 24
D 1 E 1 F 5 22 4 6
4 1 (6) 1 F 5 22 center: (h, k) 5 (22, 4)
F 5 212 a2 5 6 b2 5 4
x2 1 y2 1 Dx 1 Ey 2 F 5 0 a 5 Ï6 w b 5 Ï4w or 2
x2 1 y2 1 4x 1 6y 2 12 5 0 c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w
(x 1 4x 1 ?) 1 (y2 1 6y 1 ?) 5 12 1 ? 1 ?
2 c 5 Ï6 w 2 4 or Ï2w
(x2 1 4x 1 4) 1 (y2 1 6y 1 9) 5 12 1 4 1 9 foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 (22, 4 6 Ï2w)
(x 1 2)2 1 (y 1 3)2 5 25 major axis vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 122, 4 6 Ï6
w2
center: (h, k) 5 (22 2 3) minor axis vertices: (h 6 b, k) 5 (22 6 2, 4) or
r 5 Ï25 w or 5 (0, 4), (24, 4)
20. center: (h, k) 5 (5, 2) y
a2 5 36 b2 5 16 (22, 4 1 Ï·
6)
a 5 Ï36 w or 6 b 5 Ï16
w or 4
c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w (22, 4)
c 5 Ï6 w 2 4 or Ï2 w (24, 4) (0, 4)
foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 (5, 2 6 Ï2 w)
major axis vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (5, 2 6 6) or (22, 4 2 Ï·
6)
(5, 8), (5, 24) O x
minor axis vertices: (h 6 b, k) 5 (5 6 4, 2) or
(9, 2), (1, 2) 23. x2 1 4y2 1 124 5 8x 1 48y
y (5, 8)
(x2 2 8x 1 ?) 1 4(y2 2 12y 1 ?) 5 2124 1 ? 1 ?
(x2 2 8x 1 16) 1 4(y2 2 12y 1 36) 5 2124 1 16 1 4(36)
(x 2 4)2 1 4(y 2 6)2 5 36
(5, 2) (x 2 4)2 (y 2 6)2
(1, 2) (9, 2) }} 1 }} 5 36
36 9
O x center: (h, k) 5 (4, 6)
a2 5 36 b2 5 9
(5, 24)
a 5 Ï36 w or 6 b 5 Ï9 w or 3
c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w
c 5 Ï36 w 2 9 or 3Ï3 w
21. 4x2 1 25y2 2 24x 1 50y 5 39 foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (4 6 3Ï3w, 6)
4(x2 2 6x 1 ?) 1 25(y2 1 2y 1 ?) 5 39 1 ? 1 ? major axis vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (4 6 6, 6) or
4(x2 2 6x 1 9) 1 25(y2 1 2y 1 1) 5 39 1 4(9) 1 25(1) (10, 6), (22, 6)
4(x 2 3)2 1 25(y 1 1)2 5 100 minor axis vertices: (h, k 6 b) 5 (4, 6 6 3) or
(x 2 3)2 (y 1 1)2
}} 1 }} 5 1 (4, 9), (4, 3)
25 4 y
center: (h, k) 5 (3, 21)
a2 5 25 b2 5 4 (4, 9)
a 5 Ï25 w or 5 b 5 Ï4 w or 2 (22, 6)
(4, 6)
c 5 Ïw a2 2 b2w
(10, 6)
c 5 Ï25 w4 2 w or Ï21w
(4, 3)
foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (3 6 Ï21
w, 21)
major axis vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (3 6 5, 21) or O x
(8, 21), (22, 21)

367 Chapter 10
24. (h, k) 5 (24, 1) center: (h, k) 5 (0, 22)
a59 a2 5 4 b2 5 1
b56 a 5 Ï4 w or 2 b 5 Ï1w or 1
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
}} 1 }b} 51 c 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w
a2 2

(y 2 1)2 [x 2 (24)]2 c 5 Ï4 w 1 1 or Ï5w

}}
92 1 }6} 2 51 transverse axis: horizontal
(y 2 1)2
}} 1 }}
(x 1 4)2
51 foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (0 6 Ï5w, 22) or (6Ï5 w, 22)
81 36
vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (0 6 2, 22) or (22, 22),
25. center: (h, k) 5 (0, 0) (2, 22)
a2 5 25 b2 5 16 b
a 5 Ï25 w or 5 b 5 Ï16w or 4 asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6 }a}(x 2 h)
1
c 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w y 2 (22) 5 6 }2}(x 2 0)
c 5 Ï25 w161 w or Ï41 w 1
y 1 2 5 6 }2}x
transverse axis: horizontal
foci: (h 6 c, k) 5 (0 6 Ï41
w, 0) or (6Ï41w, 0) y
vertices: (h 6 a, k) 5 (0 6 5, 0) or (25, 0), (5, 0)
b
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6 }a} (x 2 h)
O x
4
y 2 0 5 6 }5}(x 2 0) (22, 22) (2, 22)
4 (0, 22)
y 5 6 }5}x
y

28. 9x2 2 16y2 2 36x 2 96y 1 36 5 0

(25, 0) (5, 0) 9(x2 2 4x 1 ?) 2 16(y2 1 6y 1 ?) 5 236 1 ? 1 ?
O x 9(x2 2 4x 1 4) 2 16(y2 1 6y 1 9) 5 236 1 9(4) 2 16(9)
9(x 2 2)2 2 16(y 1 3)2 5 2144
(y 1 3)2 (x 2 2)2
}} 2 }} 5 1
9 16
center: (h, k) 5 (2, 23)
26. center: (h, k) 5 (1, 25) a2 5 9 b2 5 16
a2 5 36 b2 5 9 a 5 Ï9 w or 3 b 5 Ï16 w or 4
a 5 Ï36 w or 6 b 5 Ï9 w or 3 c 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w
c 5 Ïw a2 1 b2w c 5 Ï9 w61 1w or 5
c 5 Ï36 w9 1 w or 3Ï5w transverse axis: vertical
transverse axis: vertical foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 (2, 23 6 5) or (2, 2), (2, 28)
foci: (h, k 6 c) 5 11, 25 6 3Ï5w2 vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (2, 23 6 3) or (2, 0), (2, 26)
a
vertices: (h, k 6 a) 5 (1, 25 6 6) or (1, 1), (1, 211) asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6 }b}(x 2 h)
a 3
asymptotes: y 2 k 5 6 }b}(x 2 h) y 2 (23) 5 6 }4}(x 2 2)
6 3
y 2 (25) 5 6 }3}(x 2 1) y 1 3 5 6 }4}(x 2 2)
y 1 5 5 6 2(x 2 1) y
y
(2, 0)

(1, 1) O x
(2, 23)
O x
(1, 25) (2, 26)

(1, 211)

27. x2 2 4y2 2 16y 5 20

x2 2 4(y2 1 4y 1 ?) 5 20 1 ?
x2 2 4(y2 1 4y 1 4) 5 20 2 4(4)
x2 2 4(y 1 2)2 5 4
x2 (y 1 2)2
}}
4 2 }1} 5 1

Chapter 10 368
29. c 5 9 33. vertex: (h, k) 5 (1, 22)
quadrants: I and III 4p 5 216
transverse axis: y 5 x p 5 24
vertices: xy 5 9 xy 5 9 focus: (h 1 p, k) 5 (1 1 (24), 22) or (23, 22)
3(3) 5 9 (23)(23) 5 9 directrix: x 5 h 2 p
(3, 3) (23, 23) x 5 1 2 (24)
y x55
axis of symmetry: y 5 k
(3, 3) y 5 22
y
O x
(23, 23)
O x
(23, 22) (1, 22)

30. 2b 5 10
b55
center: 1}2}, }2}2 5 1}2}, }2}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 1 1 1 21 1 5
x55
5 (1, 2)
transverse axis: vertical 34. y2 1 6y 2 4x 5 225
a 5 distance from center to a vertex y2 1 6y 1 ? 5 4x 2 25 1 ?
5 2 2 (21) or 3 y2 1 6y 1 9 5 4x 2 25 1 9
(y 2 k)2 (x 2 h)2
}} 2 }b} 51 (y 1 3)2 5 4(x 2 4)
a2 2
(y 2 2)2 (x 2 1)2 vertex: (h, k) 5 (4, 23)
}}
32 2 }5}
2 51
4p 5 4
(y 2 2)2 (x 2 1)2
}}
9 2 }25} 5 1 p51
focus: (h 1 p, k) 5 (4 1 1, 23) or (5, 23)
31. center: 1}2}, }2}2 5 1}2}, }2}2
x1 1 x2 y1 1 y2 22 1 6 23 1 (23)
directrix: x 5 h 2 p
x5421
5 (2, 23)
x53
a 5 distance from center to a vertex axis of symmetry: y 5 k
5 2 2 (22) or 4 y 5 23
c 5 distance from center to a focus
y
5 2 2 (24) or 6
b2 5 c2 2 a2 O x
b2 5 62 2 42
(4, 23)
b2 5 20 (5, 23)
transverse axis: horizontal
(x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2 x53
}}
a2 2 }b} 2 51
(x 2 2)2 [y 2 (23)]2
}}
42 2 }2} 0 51
(x 2 2)2 (y 1 3)2
}} 2 }} 5 1 35. x2 1 4x 5 y 2 8
16 20
x2 1 4x 1 4 5 y 2 8 1 4
32. vertex: (h, k) 5 (5, 3) (x 1 2)2 5 y 2 4
4p 5 8 vertex: (h, k) 5 (22, 4)
p52 4p 5 1
focus (h, k 1 p) 5 (5, 3 1 2) or (5, 5) 1
directrix: y 5 k 2 p p 5 }4}
focus: (h, k 1 p) 5 122, 4 1 }4}2 or (22, 4.25)
1
y5322
y51
directrix: y 5 k 2 p
axis of symmetry: x 5 h 1
x55 y 5 4 2 }4}
y
y 5 3.75
y
axis of symmetry: x 5 h
x 5 22 (22, 4.25)

(5, 5)
y 5 3.75
y51 (22, 4)
(5, 3)
O x
O x

369 Chapter 10
36. vertex: (h, k) 5 (21, 3) 44. x 5 2 sin t y 5 3 cos t
(y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h) x
}} 5 sin t
y
}} 5 cos t
2 3
(7 2 3)2 5 4p[23 2 (21)]
16 5 8p sin2 t1 cos2 t51
x 2 y 2
25p 1 2
}}
2 1 2
1 }3} 51
Since parabola opens left, p 5 22. x2 y2
}} 1 }} 51
(y 2 k)2 5 4p(x 2 h) 4 9
(y 2 3)2 5 4(22)[x 2 (21)]
t x y (x, y)
(y 2 3)2 5 28(x 1 1)
0 0 3 (0, 3)
37. vertex: (h, k) 5 15, 2 or (5, 21)
224
}}
2 p
}}
2 2 0 (2, 0)
focus: (h, k 1 p) 5 (5, 2)
k1p52 p 0 23 (0, 23)
21 1 p 5 2 3p
p53
}}
2 22 0 (22, 0)
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k)
y
(x 2 5)2 5 4(3)[y 2 (21)]
t50
(x 2 5)2 5 12(y 1 1)
38. A 5 5, c 5 2; ellipse t5p
2
39. A 5 C 5 0; equilateral hyperbola
t 5 3p O x
40. A 5 C 5 5; circle 2
41. C 5 0; parabola
t5p
42. y 5 2t2 1 3
y 5 2x2 1 3
45. x 5 Ïtw
t x y (x, y) x2 5 t
22 22 21 (22, 21) t
y 5 }2} 2 1
21 21 2 (21, 2) x2
y 5 }2} 2 1
0 0 3 (0, 3)
1 1 2 (1, 2) t x y (x, y)
2 2 21 (2, 21) 0 0 21 (0, 21)
y 4 2 1 (2, 1)
9 3 3.5 (3, 3.5)

y t59
O x

O x
t50
43. x 5 cos 4t y 5 sin 4t
cos2 4t 1 sin2 4t 5 1 46. Sample answer:
x2 1 y 2 5 1 Let x 5 t.
y 5 2x2 1 4
t x y (x, y)
y 5 2t2 1 4, 2` , t , `
0 1 0 (1, 0)
p
47. Sample answer:
}}
8 0 1 (0, 1) x2 1 y2 5 49
p x2 y2
}}
4 21 0 (21, 0) }} 1 }}
49 49 51
x 2 y 2
3p
}}
8 0 21 (0, 21) }}
7 1 21 }7} 1 2 51
sin2 t 1 cos2 t 51
y x 2 y 2
p
1 2
}}
7 5 sin2 t 1}7}2 5 cos2 t
t 58 x y
p
}}
7 5 sin t }}
7 5 cos t
t54 t50
x 5 7 sin t y 5 7 cos t, 0 # t # 2p
O x
3p
t 5 8

Chapter 10 370
48. Sample answer: 54. B2 2 4AC 5 (26)2 2 4(1)(9)
x2 y2 50
}} 1 }}
36 81 51
x 2 y 2 parabola
1 2
}}
6 1 }9} 1 2 51
tan 2v 5 } }
B
A2C
cos2 t 1 sin2 t 51 26
x 2 y 2 tan 2v 5 } }
1}6}2 5 cos2 t 1}9}2 5 sin2 t 129
3
x y tan 2v 5 }4}
}}
6 5 cos t }}
9 5 sin t
2v ø 36.86989765°
x 5 6 cos t y 5 9 sin t, 0 # t # 2p
v ø 18°
49. Sample answer:
55. (x 2 1)2 1 4(y 2 1)2 5 20
Let y 5 t.
(y 2 1)2 1 4(y 2 1)2 5 20
x 5 2y2
5(y 2 1)2 5 20
x 5 2t2, 2` , t , `
(y 2 1)2 5 4
50. B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(4)(9) y 2 1 5 62
5 2144 y 5 3 or 21
A Þ C; ellipse
y53 x5y
4x2 1 9y2 5 36
x53
p 2 p 2
41 2 1 2
p p
x8 cos 1 y8 sin }6} 1 9 2x8 sin }6} 1 y8 cos }6}
}}
6 5 36 y 5 21 x5y
2 2
Ï3w
1 1
2 1 Ï3
4 }2}x8 1 }2}y8 1 9 2}2}x8 1 }2}y8
w
1 2 5 36
(3, 3), (21, 21)
x 5 21

33 Ï3w 1
4 }4}(x8)2 1 }2}x8y8 1 }4}(y8)2 4 y
(3, 3)
1
3 Ï3w 3
1 9 }4}(x8)3 2 }2}x8y8 1 }4}(y8)2 4 5 36
3(x8)2 1 2Ï3 wx8y8 1 (y8)2
9 w
9Ï3 27
1 }4}(x8)2 2 }2} x8y8 1 }4}(y8)2 5 36 O x
21 w
5Ï3 31 (21, 21)
}}(x8)2
2 }2} x8y8 1 }4}(y8)2 5 36
4
2
21(x8) 2 10Ï3 wx8y8 1 31(y8)2 2 144 5 0
2
51. B 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(0)(1)
50 56. 2x 2 y 5 0
parabola 2x 5 y
y2 2 4x 5 0 y2 5 49 1 x2
2
(2x8 sin 45° 1 y8 cos 45°) 2 4(x8 cos 45° 1 y8 sin 45°) 5 0 (2x)2 5 49 1 x2
2
12}Ï2}2w x8 1 }Ï2}2w y82 2 41}2}x8 2 }2}y82 5 0
Ï2
w Ï2
w 4x2 5 49 1 x2
1 1 3x2 5 49
2 2 wx8 1 2Ï2
}}(x8)2 2 x8y8 1 }}(y8)2 2 2Ï2 wy8 5 0 x ø 64.04
2 2
(x8) 2 2x8y8 1 (y8) 2 4Ï2 wx8 1 4Ï2
wy8 5 0 2x 2 y 5 0 2x 2 y 5 0
52. B2 2 4AC 5 0 2 4(4)(216) 2(4.04) 2 y ø 0 2(24.04) 2 y ø 0
5 256 y ø 8.08 y ø 28.08
hyperbola (4.0, 8.1), (24.0, 28.1)
4x2 2 16(y 2 1)2 5 64 y
4(x 2 h)2 2 16(y 2 k 2 1)2 5 64
4(x 2 1)2 216(y 1 2 2 1)2 5 64
4(x 2 1)2 2 16(y 1 1)2 5 64 (24.0, 28.1)
(4.0, 8.1)
4(x 2 2x 1 1) 2 16(y2 1 2y 1 1)5 64
2
O x
4x2 2 8x 1 4 2 16y2 2 32y 2 16 2 64 5 0
x2 2 4y2 2 2x 2 8y 2 19 5 0
53. B2 2 4AC 5 12Ï3
w2 2 4(6)(8)
2

5 2180
A Þ C; ellipse
B
tan 2v 5 } }
A2C
w
2Ï3
tan 2v 5 } }
628
tan 2v 5 2Ï3w
2v 5 260°
v 5 230°

371 Chapter 10
57. x2 2 4x 2 4y 5 4 61. 62.
x2 2 4x 2 4 5 4y y y
(x 2 2)2 1 4y 5 0
(x 2 2) 1 x2 2 4x 2 4 5 0
2
x 2 4x 1 4 1 x2 2 4x 2 4 5 0
2 2
2x2 2 8x 5 0 O 2 x O x
2x(x 2 4) 5 0
2x 5 0 x2450
x50 x54
(x 2 2)2 1 4y 5 0 (x 2 2)2 1 4y 5 0
(0 2 2)2 1 4y 5 0 (4 2 2)2 1 4y 5 0
y 5 21 y 5 21
(0, 21), (4, 21) Page 691 Applications and Problem Solving
63a. r 5 Ïw
(x2 2 w
x1)2 1w
(y2 2w
y1)2
y
r 5 Ïw (12 2w 0)2 1w(16 2w0)2
r 5 20
O
x2 1 y 2 5 r 2
(0, 21) x
x2 1 y2 5 202
(4, 21) x2 1 y2 5 400
63b. area of watered portion 5 pr2
5 p202
ø 1256.6 ft2
58. xy 5 24 area of backyard 5 ,q
4
y 5 2}x} 5 50(40)
5 2000 ft2
x2 1 y2 5 12
4 2 area of nonwatered portion ø 2000 2 1256.6
x2 1 12}x}2 5 12 ø 743.4 ft2
16 743.4
x2 1 }x}2 5 12 percent not watered ø } }
2000
x4 1 16 2 12x2 5 0 ø 0.37
(x2)2 212(x2) 1 16 5 0 about 37%
c
2b 6 Ïwb2 2 4w
ac 64. 2a 5 2,000 e 5 }a}
x2 5 }}}
2a a 5 6000 c
12 6 Ïw
122 2w4(1)(1w
6) 0.2 5 } }
6000
x2 5 }}}
2(1)
1200 5 c
x2 ø 10.472 or x2 ø 1.528
b2 5 a2 2 c2
x ø 6 3.236 x ø 1.236
b2 5 60002 2 12002
xy 5 24 xy 5 24
b2 5 34,560,000
3.236y ø 24 1.236y ø 24 (x 2 h)2 (y 2 k)2
y ø 21.236 y ø 23.236 }}
a2 1 }b}
2 51
xy 5 24 xy 5 24 (x 2 0)2 (y 2 0)2
23.236y ø 24 21.236y ø 24
}}
60002 1
}}
34,560,000 51
y ø 1.236 y ø 3.236 }} 1
x2
}}
y2
51
36,000,000 34,560,000
(3.2, 21.2), (23.2, 1.2), (1.2, 23.2), (21.2, 3.2)
65. a 5 3.5
y b53
c 5 Ïwa2 2 b2w
(21.2, 3.2)
c 5 Ïw3.52 2w 32
(23.2, 1.2) x c ø 1.8
O about 1.8 feet from the center
(3.2, 21.2)

(1.2, 23.2)

59. 60.
y y

O x 24 O 4 x
24

Chapter 10 372
Page 691 Open-Ended Assessment 3. The information in the question confirms the
1. Sample answer: information given in the figure. Recall the formula
c for the area of a triangle — one half the base
e 5 }a}
times the height. The triangle DCB is obtuse, so
1 c
}}
9 5 }a} the height will lie outside of the triangle.
Let w w be the base. The length of the base is 6.
DC
Let a 5 9.
1 c
The height will be equal to 7, since it is a line
}}
9 5 }9} b2 5 a2 2 c2 segment parallel to A wD
w through point B.
c51 b2 5 92 2 12 1
A 5 }2}bh
x2 y2 b2 5 80
}} }} 51 1
a2 1 b2 5 }2}(6)(7) or 21
x2 y2
}} }}
92 1 80 51 The correct choice is A.
x2 y2 4. The problem asks how many more girls there are
}} 1 }}
81 80 51
than boys. First find how many girls and how
2. Sample answer:
many boys there are in the class.
axis of symmetry: x 5 h
One method is to find the fraction of girls in the
x 5 2, so h 5 2
whole class and the fraction of boys in the whole
focus: (h, k 1 p) 5 (2, 5)
class. Since the ratio of girls to boys is 4 to 3, the
k1p55 4
fraction of girls in the whole class is }7}. Find the
Let k 5 2, p 5 3.
number of girls in the class by multiplying this
(x 2 h)2 5 4p(y 2 k)
fraction by 35.
(x 2 2)2 5 4(3)(y 2 2) 4
}}(35) 5 20 There are 20 girls in the class.
(x 2 2)2 5 12(y 2 2) 7
3
Using the same process, the fraction of boys is }7}.
3
}}(35) 5 15 There are 15 boys in the class.
7
SAT & ACT Preparation So there are 5 more girls than boys. The correct
choice is D.
Another method is to use a “Ratio Box.” First
Page 693 SAT & ACT Practice enter the given information, shown in the darker
1. Add the two numbers of parts to get the whole, 8. cells below. Then enter the number for the total of
3
The fraction of red jelly beans to the whole is }8}. the first row, 7. To go from the total of 7 to the
The total number of jelly beans is 160. The total of 35, you must multiply by 5. Write a 5 in
3 each cell in the second row.
number of red jelly beans is }8}(160) or 60. The
correct choice is C.
Girls Boys Total
Or you can use a ratio box. Multiply by 20.
4 3 7
Green Red Whole 35 35 35
5 3 8 20 15 35
60 160
Then multiply the two numbers in the first
2. Notice the capitalized word EXCEPT. You might column to get 20 girls, shown with a dark border.
want to try the plug-in method on this problem. Multiply the second column to get 15 boys.
Choose a value for b that is an odd integer, say 1. Subtract to find there are 5 more girls than boys.
Then substitute that value for b in the equation. 5. Set A is the set of all positive integers less than
a2b 5 122 30. Set B is the set of all positive multiples of 5.
a (1) 5 122
2 The intersection of Sets A and B is the set of all
a2 5 122 elements that are in both Set A and Set B. The
a 5 12 intersection consists of all positive multiples of
Check the answer choices for divisors of this value 5 which are also less than 30. The intersection
of a. 12 is divisible by 3, 4, 6, and 12, but not by 9. of the two sets is {5, 10, 15, 20, 25}.
The correct choice is D. The correct choice is A.

373 Chapter 10
 6. For a quadratic equation in the form 9. Let d represent the number of dimes in the jar.
y 5 a(x – h)2 1 k, the coordinates of the vertex Since there are 4 more nickels than dimes, there
of the graph of the function are given by the are d 1 4 nickels in the jar. So, the ratio of dimes
ordered pair (h, k). So the vertex of the graph d
to nickles in the jar is }}. This ratio is less
1 d14
of y 5 }2}(x – 3)2 + 4 has coordinates (3, 4). than 1. The only answer choice that is less than
The correct choice is C. 8 d 8
1 is choice A, }}. If }} 5 }}, then d 5 16. So,
10 d14 10
7. On the SAT, if you forget the relationships for 45° there are 16 dimes and 16 1 4 or 20 nickels in the
right triangles, look at the Reference Information 16 8
jar, and }} 5 }}.
in the gray box at the beginning of each 20 10
mathematics section of the exam. The measure of The correct choice is A.
each leg of a 45–45–90 triangle is equal to the 10. Set up a proportion.
length of the hypotenuse divided by Ï2 w. Multiply total liters x liters
}} 5} }
both numerator and denominator by Ï2 w and total bottles 1 bottle
8 x
simplify. }} 5 }1}
20
8
BC 5}
Ï2
}
w 20x 5 8
8 Ï2
w 2
5} } ? }} x 5 0.4 or }5}
Ï2 w Ï2w
8Ï2 w The correct answer is .4 or 2/5.
5 2 or 4Ï2w
} }

The correct choice is D. You could also use the

Pythagorean Theorem and the fact that the two
legs must be equal in length, but that method
might take more time.
8. Form a ratio using the given fractions as
numerator and denominator. Write a proportion,
using x as the unknown. Multiply the cross-
products. Solve for x.
1
}}
7 100
}
1
5 }x}
}}
5
1 1
}}x 5 }5}(100)
7
1
}}x 5 20
7
x 5 140
The correct choice is E.

Chapter 10 374