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Stepan Boltsmann Apparatus

This document describes an apparatus and procedure for determining the Stefan-Boltzmann constant for radiation heat transfer. The apparatus consists of a copper hemisphere enclosed in a water jacket to maintain a constant temperature. A copper disc is placed inside the hemisphere and its temperature is measured over time. By calculating the rate of temperature change of the disc and relating it to the energy radiated, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant can be evaluated. The procedure involves heating the apparatus to thermal equilibrium, inserting the disc, and recording the disc's temperature every 15 seconds for 15-20 minutes. The constant is then calculated using the temperature data and known properties.

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55 views9 pages

Stepan Boltsmann Apparatus

This document describes an apparatus and procedure for determining the Stefan-Boltzmann constant for radiation heat transfer. The apparatus consists of a copper hemisphere enclosed in a water jacket to maintain a constant temperature. A copper disc is placed inside the hemisphere and its temperature is measured over time. By calculating the rate of temperature change of the disc and relating it to the energy radiated, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant can be evaluated. The procedure involves heating the apparatus to thermal equilibrium, inserting the disc, and recording the disc's temperature every 15 seconds for 15-20 minutes. The constant is then calculated using the temperature data and known properties.

Uploaded by

Service MMI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

HEAT TRANSFER LAB MMI-HT- 005

STEFAN-BOLTZMANN CONSTANT
APPARATUS

User Manual 1.0

MICRO MECH INSTRUMENTS 1


HEAT TRANSFER LAB MMI-HT- 005

Profile
Founded 2011 Micro Mech Instruments are providers of Automation Traning
Systems and Industrial Control. We offer a broad range of products, Software and
Services including PLCs, Robtics, Digital Inspection, Pneumatics, Hydraulics,
Integration, Maintenance and Fault finding to Industry, Universities, Colleges and
Schools. Our new products include Energy Saving and Sustainable Development.
Process Control Equipment and Digital Electronics Systems and Software.

Our Company was formerly known as unique industries, had a humble


beginning 4 years ago with a small scale start-up. Now with our focused approach, we
have been able to diversity our range of products.

 IC Engine Lab
 Heat Transfer and Air Conditioning Lab
 Mechatronics Lab
 CNC Simulation Lab
 Process Control Lab
 PLC Application Lab
 Electronics Lab
 Electrical Lab
 Manufacturing Lab
 Metal Forming Lab
 Advance Structrual Lab

DETERMINATION OF STEFAN-BOLTZMANN CONSTANT

MICRO MECH INSTRUMENTS 2


HEAT TRANSFER LAB MMI-HT- 005

THEORY
The apparatus consists of a flanged copper hemisphere fixed on a flat non-
conductingplate. A test disc made of copper is fixed to the plate. Thus the test disc is
Completely enclosed by the hemisphere. The outer surface of the hemisphere is
enclosed in avertical water jacket used to heat the hemisphere to a suitable constant
temperature. ThreeCr-Al thermocouples are attached at four strategic places on the
surface of the hemisphere toobtain the temperatures. The disc is mounted on an ebonite
rod which is fitted in a holedrilled at the center of the base plate. Another Cr-Al
thermocouple is fixed to the disc torecord its temperature. Fill the water in the SS water
container with immersion heater kept ontop of the panel.

SPECIFICATION

 Consists of the copper Hemisphericalbowl fitted


in the SS jacketed chamber with insulation to
avoid the heat loss.

 Insulation is provided with micasheet and


asbestosrope for effective heat transfer inside the
tube.

 Hot water generator with thermostat.

 Testing pin with suitable dia and temperature


measurement is provided.

 Temperature controller to conduct the experiments at


different temperatures.

 Thermocouples are provided at suitable positions for


measurement of temperatures.

 Digital temperature indicator with channel


selector is provided for the temperature indication.

MICRO MECH INSTRUMENTS 3


HEAT TRANSFER LAB MMI-HT- 005

 Temperature controller with heater for water bath.

 Also consists of other instrumentation and


Accessories required for the panel.

Temperature Details:
 T1 –Temperature of Water Tank
 T2 to T4 –Temperature of semi sphere
 T5 –Tmperature of test piece

MICRO MECH INSTRUMENTS 4


HEAT TRANSFER LAB MMI-HT- 005

EXPERIMENT
AIM

To determine the value of Stefan boltzman constant for radiation heat transfer.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

 Stefan-Boltzmann constant Apparatus


PROCEDURE
1. Remove the test disc before starting the experiment.
2. Heat the water in the ss containers to its boiling point .
3. Allow the boiling water into the container kept at the bottom containing
copper
bemisphere units it is full .allow sufficient time to attain thermal equilibrium
which
is indicated by the four thermocouple provided on the hemisphere.
4. Insert the test disc fixed on the ebonite rod sleeve completwly inside and lock
it.
Start the stop clock simultaneously .
5. Note down the temperature of the test disc at an inter val of about 15 sec for
about
15 to 20 minutes.
6. Remove the test disc before starting the experiment.
7. Heat the water in the ss containers to its boiling point .

MICRO MECH INSTRUMENTS 5


HEAT TRANSFER LAB MMI-HT- 005

8. Allow the boiling water into the container kept at the bottom containing
copper
bemisphere units it is full .allow sufficient time to attain thermal equilibrium
which
is indicated by the four thermocouple provided on the hemisphere.

FORMULA
Eb = σT5
Where, σ = Stefan Boltzman constant = 5.6697 x 10-8 W/ (m² K4)
1. Temperature of disc v/s time to obtain the slope (dT/dt) of the line,
which passes through/nearer to all points.
dT/dt=
2. Average temperature of the hemisphere
Tavg = (T2 + T3 + T4 ) + 273.15 = …………….. K

3. Td = Temperature of the disc before inserting to test chamber º


K(ambient)=
4. Rate of change of heat capacity of the disc = m Cp (dT /dt)
Net energy radiated on the disc = σ Ad (T5avg – T4d)
Where, Ad = area of the disc = πd²/4 m2
Diameter of disc, d = ………….. mm
Cp = specific heat of copper = 0.38 kJ/kg–K
Rate of change of heat capacity of the disc = Net energy radiated on the disc
mCp (dT /dt) = σ Ad (T5avg – T5d)
mass of disc, m = ………… kg
Thus ‘σ’ can be evaluated as shown
σ = m Cp (dT /dt)/(Ad (T5avg – T5d))

MICRO MECH INSTRUMENTS 6


HEAT TRANSFER LAB MMI-HT- 005

TABULATION

Thermocouple Temperature of the Copper Hemisphere

T2

T3
T4

T5 inital

Time (sec) Temperature of test piece, T5


20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240

MODEL CALCULATION
Rate of change of heat capacity of the disc = Net energy radiated on the disc
mCp (dT /dt) = σ Ad (T5avg – T5d)
Thus ‘σ’ can be evaluated as shown

MICRO MECH INSTRUMENTS 7


HEAT TRANSFER LAB MMI-HT- 005

σ = m Cp (dT /dt) /Ad (T5avg – T5d) = …………….. W/ (m² K4)

MICRO MECH INSTRUMENTS 8


HEAT TRANSFER LAB MMI-HT- 005

RESULT
Thus the Stefan Boltzman constant for radiation heat transfer is found out and draw the
graph.Stefan Boltzman constant (σ) =……………W/m2k4

MICRO MECH INSTRUMENTS 9

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