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Nouns: Singular + Using Indefinite and Definite Forms

The document discusses the use of indefinite and definite forms of nouns in Swedish, including rules for singular and plural forms. It explains that the indefinite form is used for new information while the definite form is used for known information. Various rules are provided for changing nouns to their plural forms and applying definite endings, with some irregular plural forms also listed.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
171 views3 pages

Nouns: Singular + Using Indefinite and Definite Forms

The document discusses the use of indefinite and definite forms of nouns in Swedish, including rules for singular and plural forms. It explains that the indefinite form is used for new information while the definite form is used for known information. Various rules are provided for changing nouns to their plural forms and applying definite endings, with some irregular plural forms also listed.

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Sandra Milán
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NOUNS

Singular + Using indefinite and definite forms:


Indefinite form (obestämd)

- When giving new information.


- After showing pronouns and arithmetic.
- After each, almost and the same (varja, nästa, samma).
- After possessive pronouns.
- After genitives.

Put en or ett at the beginning of the word.


Most nouns are en-words (almost all nouns relating to people and animals).

Definite form (bestämd)

- When giving known information.


- It might be something unique to the particular situation.
- It might be something that has already been mentioned.
- After definite pronouns.
- For ordinary places.
- Noun without articles.
- Nouns that mean something general (profession, nationality, religion).

It’s marked after the stem of the noun by the endings.

-en (-n after vowel) for en-words.

- En-words that end in –el and –er we add –eln and –ern
(en cykel – cykeln, en vinter – vintern)

-ett (-t after vowel) for ett-words.

- Ett-words that end in –el, -er and –en we add –let, -ret, -net
(ett exempel – exemplet, ett fönster – fönstret, ett tecken – tecknet)

Without any article

- Nouns which cannot be counted have no indefinite article (öl, kaffe, socker, salt)
- In the definite form, they work like other nouns.
Plural form:

Indefinite form Definite form

-or Add –na at the end of the indefinite plural form

En-words that end in –a. (blommor – blommorna)


(en penna – pennor, en blomma – blommor)
-ar
Many monosyllabic en-words that end in
consonant.
(en burk – burkar)

En-words that end in –e. Add –na at the end of the indefinite plural form
(en pojke – pojkar)
(höstar - höstarna)
En-words that end in –el, -er, -en.
(En nickel – nycklar, en syster – systrar, en öken –
öknar)

En-words that end in –ing/-ning.


(en tidning – tidningar, en kyckling – kycklingar)
-er
En-words with the stress at the end of the word.
(en katalog – kataloger, en student – studenter)

En-words that end in –nad, -het, -skap, -else. Add –na at the end of the indefinite plural form
(En månad – månader, en lägenhet – lägenheter,
en vetenskap – vetenskaper, en händelse – (affärer - affärerna)
händelser)

Ett-words that end in –eri, -ori, -eum, -ium.


(ett bageri – bagerier, ett konditori – konditorier,
ett museum – museer, ett gymnasium – gymnasier)
-n Add –a at the end of the indefinite plural form
Ett-words that end in a vowel.
(foton - fotona)
(ett foto-foton, ett apple-äpplen)
No ending
Ett-words that end in a consonant. Add –en at the end of the indefinite plural form
(ett barn – barn)
(barn - barnen)
En-words that end in –are and –ande.
(en lärare – lärare, en studerande – studerande)
Irregular plurals

Singular indefinite Singular definite Plural indefinite Plural definite


En bok (book) boken böcker Böckerna
En bonde (peasant) bonden bönder bönderna
En brand (fire) branden bränder bränderna
En bror (brother) brodern bröder bröderna
En dotter (daughter) Dottern Döttrar Döttrarna
En fot (foot) Foten Fötter Fötterna
En hand (hand) Handen Händer händerna
Ett land (country) landet länder Länderna
En man (man) Mannen Män Männen
En mus (mouse) Musen Möss Måossen
Ett museum (museum) Museet Museer Museerna
En rot (root) Roten Rötter Rötterna
En sko (shoe) Skon Skor Skorna
En son (son) Sonen Söner Sönerna
En stad (city) Staden Städer Städerna
En strand (beach) Stranden Stränder Sträderna
En tand (tooth) Tanden Tänder Tänderna
Ett öga (eye) ögat ögon Ögonen
Ett öra (ear) örat öron öronen

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