Hypertension or high blood pressure, is increased blood pressure or force of blood

pressing on the walls of the cavity where the blood was.

 High Blood Pressure (hypertension) is an increase in blood pressure in the
arteries. (Hiper means Overrated, tension means pressure / t egangan; j adi, hipertensi is p system
disorders that cause blood eredaran rise in blood pressure above the normal value.
Blood pressure in a person's life varies naturally.
 Infants and children normally have a blood pressure that is much lower than adults.
 Blood pressure is also affected by physical activity, which will be higher at the time of
the activity and lower when resting.
 Blood pressure is also different in one day, the highest in the morning and most re ndah
during nighttime sleep.
On examination the blood pressure will get two points.
 A higher figure obtained when the heart contracts (systolic), a lower
number obtained when the heart relaxes (diastolic).
Blood pressure is written as systolic pressure diastolic pressure slash, eg
120/80 mmHg, read a hundred and twenty eighty.
 Along with age, almost everyone has experienced an increase in blood
pressure , systolic blood pressure continues to increase until the age of 80
years and diastolic pressures continue to increase until the age of 55-60 years,
then decrease slowly or even decreased dramatically.
Blood pressure is written with two numbers, the number units mmHg
(millimeters of mercury) in blood pressure tool / tension meter, the systolic and
diastolic. 
Is the highest systolic blood pressure is when the heart is doing contract
or contraction. 
Diastolic is the lowest figure at the heart expands in the final relaxation.
For example, blood pressure 120/80 mmHg mean systolic pressure of
120 and diastolic pressure of 80 mmHg.
Blood pressure varies per person per day, depending on the
circumstances, and are affected by the activities of a person, so normalpun
blood pressure varies.
Adults when the blood pressure showed the number 140/90 mmHg is
considered normal upward.
 There is a perception of low blood pressure is not good, it is less precise.
Because statistics show that people with low blood pressure have the
same age with so-called normal. 
The best thing is to maintain normal blood pressure and the assumption
that increasing age is higher blood pressure is not a problem, is the
assumption that needs to be clarified, because based on statistics of parents
whose blood pressure in the normal range, the trend gets low stroke disorders. 
Check your blood pressure regularly at least once every 6 months or
whenever the doctor / health facility.
 2 classification known hypertension (by cause), namely:
a.   primary hypertension (hypertension idiophatik), in which the cause is not
known with certainty. It also said that hypertension is the impact of lifestyle
and environmental factors.
b.   secundary hypertension, is hypertension that occurs due to the disease
from other diseases such as abnormalities in the kidneys or keruskanan of the
hormone system.

WHO classifies hypertension based on the presence or absence of

abnormalities in other organs, namely:
a.   hypertension without abnormalities in other organs.
b.   hypertension with cardiac enlargement.
c.   hypertension with abnormalities in other organs in addition to the heart.

Classification of hypertension by high blood pressure are:

a.   borderline hypertension: blood pressure between 140/90 mmHg and
160/95 mmHg.
b.   mild hypertension: blood pressure between 160/95 mmHg and 200/110
mmHg.
c.   Moderate Hypertension: Blood pressure between 200/110 mmHg and
230/120 mmHg.
d.   severe hypertension: blood pressure between 230/120 mmHg and 280/140
mmHg.
  Pathophysiology of hypertension
The mechanisms that control the constriction and relaxation of blood
vessels located in the vasomotor center, the medulla of the brain.
This stems from the central vasomotor sympathetic nerve pathway,
which continues down to the spinal cord and the spinal cord out of the column
to the sympathetic ganglia in the thorax and abdomen.
stimulation of the vasomotor center is delivered in the form of impulse
moves down through the sympathetic nerves to the sympathetic ganglia. 
At this point, neurons release acetylcholine preganglion, which will
stimulate post-ganglion nerve fibers to the blood vessels, which resulted in the
release of norepinephrine constriction of blood vessels.
 Various factors such as anxiety and fear can affect vascular response to
stimuli vasokontriktor. Individuals with hypertension are very sensitive to
norepinephrine, although it is not clear why it could happen.
At the same time stimulate the sympathetic nervous system in which the
blood vessels in response to emotional stimuli, the adrenal glands are also
stimulated vasoconstriction resulting in additional activities.
 Secreting adrenal medullary epinephrine causes vasoconstriction. 
Adrenal cortex secrete cortisol and other steroids, which DAPT
strengthen blood vessels vasokontriktor response.
 vasoconstriction resulting in decreased blood flow to the kidneys,
causing the release of renin. 
Renin stimulates the formation of angiotensin I, which is then converted
to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, which in turn stimulates
aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. hormone causes retention of
sodium and water by the kidney tubules, causing an increase in intravascular
volume. 
All of these factors tend to provoke a state of hypertension.
Structural and functional changes in the peripheral vascular system
responsible for the changes in blood pressure that occurs in the elderly.
 These changes include atherosclerosis, loss of elasticity of the
connective tissue, and a decrease in vascular smooth muscle relaxation, which
in turn lowers the ability of tensile strength distension and blood vessels.