CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming
Semester II (Spring 2021)
Course Instructors: Dr. Sher Muhammad, Dr Faheem Akhtar, Sana
Fatima
Lab 01
Introduction to Java programming
Objectives:
1. What is JAVA?
2. Features of Java.
3. JAVA Basics.
4. Installing JDK and setting path.
5. Writing HelloWorld.java in Text Editor
6. JAVA variables & data types.
7. Input & Output
8. Java Variable Type Conversion & Type Casting
9. Lab tasks
10. Post Lab Questions
1: What is JAVA?
Java was developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995. It is a programming language as well
as platform. Java is among the most popular programming languages out there, mainly because
of how versatile and compatible it is. Java is general purpose programming language as it is used
for software development, mobile applications, web servers, and client-side web applications. It
is the native language of the Android operating system, which operates on Android phones and
tablets.
Versions of Java
There are many java versions that has been released.
JDK Alpha and Beta (1995)
JAVA 1.0 (23rd Jan, 1996)
JAVA 1.1 (19th Feb, 1997)
JAVA 1.2 (8th Dec, 1998)
JAVA 1.3 (8th May, 2000)
JAVA 1.4 (6th Feb, 2002)
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Department of Computer Science
CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming Lab 01: Introduction to JAVA programming
JAVA 5.0 (30th Sep, 2004)
JAVA 6 (11th Dec, 2006)
JAVA 7 (28th July, 2011)
JAVA 8 (18th March, 2014)
JAVA 9 (21th Sep, 2017)
JAVA 10 (20th March, 2018)
JAVA 11 (25th Sep 2018)
JAVA 12 (19th March 2019)
JAVA 13 (17th Sep 2019)
JAVA 14 (17th March 2020)
JAVA 15 (15th Sep 2020)
Platform: Any hardware or software environment in which a program runs, is known as a
platform. Since Java has a runtime environment (JRE) and API, it is called a platform.
Java Platforms
According to Oracle, there are four platforms of the Java programming language
Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)
Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE)
Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME)
JavaFX/OpenJFX for special effects
2: Features of JAVA
The following are Java's main features:
Object Oriented − In Java, everything is an object, creating objects that contain data
and methods.
Architecture-neutral − Traditionally, we would have to recompile a program for every
system that it was going to run on because all systems have a different idea of what their
machine code should look like. Java compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file
format called as bytecode, which makes the compiled code executable on many machines
but with the presence of Java runtime system.
Platform Independent − Unlike many other programming languages including C and
C++, when Java is compiled, it is not compiled into platform specific machine, rather
into byte code. This byte code is distributed over the web and interpreted by the Virtual
Machine (JVM) on whichever platform it is being run on.
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Department of Computer Science
CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming Lab 01: Introduction to JAVA programming
Portable − Bytecode can be run by any system in which Java is installed. This is because
when java is installed, Java virtual machine is also installed that is specific to that system.
It is this machine's responsibility to convert the bytecode into the final instructions of that
particular machine.
By making it the system's responsibility to do this final conversion, Java has created a
write once, run anywhere language where anyone can hand you a Java program and you
can run it on your machine
“Write once, run everywhere”
3: JAVA Basics
JDK
It stands for Java Development Kit, is a software
development environment used for developing Java
applications and applets.
It compiles and executes new and already built
applications.
It is a collection of development tools as well as Java
Runtime Environment (JRE), an interpreter/loader
(Java), a compiler (javac), an archiver (jar), a
documentation generator (Javadoc) and other tools
needed in Java development.
JRE
It stands for Java Runtime Environment. The Java Runtime Environment provides the
minimum requirements for executing a Java application.
It consists of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), interpreter, JIT, core classes,
and supporting files.
JVM
It stands for Virtual Machine (JVM)
It is responsible for executing bytecode where interpreter provides machine code for the
current machine and has JIT as well.
JIT
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Department of Computer Science
CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming Lab 01: Introduction to JAVA programming
It stands for Just-in-time Compiler, is the part of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that is
used to speed up the execution time.
JIT interpret parts of the bytecode that have similar functionality at the same time, and
hence reduces the amount of time needed for full interpretation.
4: Installing JDK and setting path
To develop Java applications on our computers, we require a JDK. Visit the link below to
download the JDK setup.
https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase-jdk15-downloads.html
After successful installation, path is to be set which can be temporary through command line or
the permanent path which can be set using properties of ‘this PC’, go to advanced system setting
and then Environment variable.
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Department of Computer Science
CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming Lab 01: Introduction to JAVA programming
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Department of Computer Science
CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming Lab 01: Introduction to JAVA programming
5: Writing HelloWorld.java in Text Editor
Follow the below given steps:
i. Run notepad and enter below given code. Save this file with Class name and end it with
“.java” extension. Save it on desktop for now!
ii. Go to search bar in taskbar, write cmd and Open Command Prompt then write the
following commands;
a. cd desktop
b. javac HelloWorld.java
c. java HelloWorld
The Java programming language compiler (javac) takes your source file and translates the code
into instructions known as bytecodes. “Java ClassName” will enable Java virtual machine to run
your application/code.
6: Variables and data types in JAVA
In Java, there are three types of variables:
Local Variables
Instance Variables
Static Variables
Local Variables
Local Variables are declared inside the body of a method.
Scope: Variables declared inside a method have method level scope and cannot be accessed
outside the method
Instance Variables
Instance variables are defined without the ‘static’ keyword . They are defined outside a method
within a class. Access modifiers can be given for instance variables. They are Object specific.
Scope: Dependent on the access modifier
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Department of Computer Science
CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming Lab 01: Introduction to JAVA programming
Class/Static Variables
It is declared with the keyword ‘static’, outside the method within a class. Static variables are
created when the program starts and destroyed when the program stops. There would only be one
copy of each static variable per class, regardless of how many objects are created.
Scope: Visibility is like instance variables. However, most static variables are declared public
since they must be available for users of the class
Example: Types of Variables in Java
class Variab {
int InsVarExam = 29; //instance variable
static int IsStatVar = 15; //static variable
void method() {
int IsLocalVar = 90; //local variable
}
}
Data Types in Java
Data types classify the different values to be stored in the variable. In java, there are two types of
data types:
Primitive Data Types
Non-primitive Data Types
Non primitive as arrays, strings
Primitive Data Types
Primitive Data Types are predefined and available within the Java language. Primitive values do
not share state with other primitive values.
There are 8 primitive types: byte, short, int, long, char, float, double, and boolean
Integer data types
byte (1 byte)
short (2 bytes)
int (4 bytes)
long (8 bytes)
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Department of Computer Science
CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming Lab 01: Introduction to JAVA programming
Floating Data Type
float (4 bytes)
double (8 bytes)
Textual Data Type
char (2 bytes)
Logical
boolean (1 bit) (true/false)
7: Input & Output
Output in Java Syntax:
System.out.println("Hello World");
Input in Java Syntax:
// import library
import java.util.Scanner;
// Creating scanner object
Scanner ip = new Scanner(System.in); //system.in represents that the input is given via keyboard
Taking input from user
int ipFrmUser = ip.nextInt(); // Integer Input
double ipDbUser = ip.nextDouble(); // Double Input
8: Java Variable Type Conversion & Type Casting
A variable of one type can receive the value of
another type. Here there are 2 cases.
Case 1:Variable of smaller capacity is be assigned to
another variable of bigger capacity.
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Department of Computer Science
CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming Lab 01: Introduction to JAVA programming
This process is Automatic, and non-explicit is known as type conversion
Case 2: Variable of larger capacity is be assigned to another variable of smaller capacity.
In such cases, you have to explicitly specify the type cast operator. This process is known
as type casting.
In case, you do not specify a type cast operator; the compiler gives an error. Since this rule is
enforced by the compiler, it makes the programmer aware that the conversion he is about to do
may cause some loss in data and prevents accidental losses.
Example: To Understand Type Casting
class Demo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
byte x;
int a = 270;
double b = 128.128;
System.out.println("int converted to byte");
x = (byte) a;
System.out.println("a and x " + a + " " + x);
System.out.println("double converted to int");
a = (int) b;
System.out.println("b and a " + b + " " + a);
System.out.println("\ndouble converted to byte");
x = (byte)b;
System.out.println("b and x " + b + " " + x);
}
}
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Department of Computer Science
CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming Lab 01: Introduction to JAVA programming
Output:
int converted to byte
a and x 270 14
double converted to int
b and a 128.128 128
double converted to byte
b and x 128.128 -128
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Department of Computer Science
CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming Lab 01: Introduction to JAVA programming
Lab Tasks
Marks : 10, All Questions carry equal marks
Exercise 1 (JAVA Environment Installation & Error Messages)
Set up a Java development environment. In the main() method of your program try to compile
the following invalid Java code snippets. Record the error messages you receive. What do you
think each error message indicates?
System.out.printn(“Hello World”)
error: ';' expected
System.out.printn(Hello World)
error: not a statement
error: ';' expected
System.out.println”Hello World”;
error: not a statement
error: ';' expected
println(“Hello World);
error: unclosed string literal
To generate one final error message, remove one of the brackets from the end of your program.
Now what message do you receive?
error: reached end of file while parsing
}
Exercise 2 (Mathematical Expressions)
Write Java code to identify if the given input by the user is even or odd.
CODE:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class HelloBro{
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Department of Computer Science
CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming Lab 01: Introduction to JAVA programming
public static void main(String []args){
System.out.println("Please Input a number");
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int a=sc.nextInt();
if(a%2==0)
System.out.println("EVEN");
else
System.out.println("ODD");
}
}
Exercise 3 (Type casting)
Perform division using two double variables and store the result in int variable and print the
results
CODE:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Ty_Cast{
public static void main(String []args){
double one=1678.2547;
double two=14.85;
int result=(int)one/(int)two;
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Department of Computer Science
CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming Lab 01: Introduction to JAVA programming
System.out.println("Result is" + result);
Exercise 4 (Operators)
Find largest among three numbers using if..else as well as operators statement
Enter value a:30
Enter value b:10
Enter value c:70
CODE:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class largest{
public static void main(String args[]){
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter Value a :");
int a=sc.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter Value b :");
int b=sc.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter Value c :");
int c=sc.nextInt();
if(a>b && b>c)
{
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Department of Computer Science
CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming Lab 01: Introduction to JAVA programming
System.out.println("Greatest Number is " + a );
}
else if(b>c && b>a){
System.out.println("Greatest Number is " + b);
}
else{
System.out.println("Greatest Number is " + c);
}
}
Post lab questions to ponder
1. Can you cast string into int?
We can convert String to an int in java using Integer.parseInt() method. To
convert String into Integer.
2. Why JAVA when there are other OOP languages?
Java is an Object Oriented Programming. Java is more secure as a result of its goal nature.
Objects are independent to each other and everything in java is a form of object.
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Department of Computer Science
CSC-150 – Object Oriented Programming Lab 01: Introduction to JAVA programming
