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Evaluation of Nat - PRDT

The document discusses the evaluation of crude drugs, which involves confirming the identity, determining purity and quality, and checking for adulteration or deterioration. Evaluation methods include morphological, microscopic, physical, chemical, and biological analyses. Morphological evaluation examines sensory features. Microscopic evaluation allows histological study of plant parts. Physical evaluation measures properties like moisture content and extractive values. Chemical evaluation identifies active constituents through qualitative and quantitative tests. Biological evaluation confirms therapeutic activity through bioassays on living organisms.

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oliver sen
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71 views13 pages

Evaluation of Nat - PRDT

The document discusses the evaluation of crude drugs, which involves confirming the identity, determining purity and quality, and checking for adulteration or deterioration. Evaluation methods include morphological, microscopic, physical, chemical, and biological analyses. Morphological evaluation examines sensory features. Microscopic evaluation allows histological study of plant parts. Physical evaluation measures properties like moisture content and extractive values. Chemical evaluation identifies active constituents through qualitative and quantitative tests. Biological evaluation confirms therapeutic activity through bioassays on living organisms.

Uploaded by

oliver sen
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Evaluation of Crude Drugs

Presented by-
Mrs. V. S. Jadhav
Assistant Professor
MES College of Pharmacy, Sonai.
Drug Evaluation
Drug evaluation means-

• Confirmation of its identity.


• Determination of its purity.
• Determination of its quality.
• Determination of nature of adulteration.
Need/Reasons for drug evaluation
Evaluation of crude drug is essential to check-

• Substitution/Adulteration.
• Biochemical variation.
• Deterioration.
Methods for evaluation
• Morphological/Organoleptic Evaluation.
• Microscopic Evaluation.
• Chemical Evaluation.
• Physical Evaluation.
• Biological Evaluation.
A] Morphological/Organoleptic Evaluation

Its a qualitative evaluation and drugs are


evaluated by means of sensory features like
colour, odour, taste, shape, size, texture, net
content, volume.
B] Microscopic Evaluation
• This method enables detailed microscopic
examination of organized crude drugs in their
entire and powdered forms.
• Transverse sections (T.S.) are prepared for
histological studies.
• Microscopic characters of plant part like cell wall,
cell content, starch grains, lignin, Calcium oxalate
crystals, fibres, vessels and trichomes can be
studied.
• Micrometry.
• Microchemical tests-
S. N. Cellular Constituent Chemical used to Evaluate

1 Lignified tissue Phloroglucinol + Conc. HCl (1:1)

2 Mucilage Ruthenium Red

3 Starch grains Dilute Iodine solution

4 Fixed oil/ Vol. oil Sudan Red

5 Aleuron grains Alcoholic picric acid


Quantitative microscopy
Leaf constants-
- Stomatal no.
- Stomatal index
- Palisade ratio
- Vein islet no.
- Vein termination no.

Lycopodium spore method.


C] Physical Evaluation
• Physical characteristics of crude drugs are
evaluated like-
• Moisture content
• Viscosity
• Melting point
• Solubility
• Optical Rotation
• Refractive Index
• Ash values
• Extractive values
• Swelling index
• Volatile oil content
• Foreign organic matter
D] Chemical Evaluation
• The estimation of active constituents by chemical
process is termed as chemical evaluation.

• Chemical evaluation is done by following two


methods-
i) Chemical tests-Qualitative and Quantitative test
(Preliminary phytochemical screening).
ii) Chemical assay-Estimation of particular group of
constituents, (Titrimetry/ Gravimetry).
E) Biological Evaluation
• It confirms the therapeutic activity of raw
material and finished products.
• When potency of drug is estimated by
measuring its effect on living organisms like
bacteria, animal tissue/entire animal it is
termed as Bioassay.
Following methods are used for biological
evaluation-

1. Antipyretic activity
2. Anti-inflammatory activity
3. Hypoglycemic activity
4. Antiulcer activity
5. Analgesic activity
6. Analgesic activity
7. Microbiological assay
8. Cardiac activity
9. Anthelmintic activity
THANK YOU

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