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Valve Control System Using Fuzzy Logic

Article  in  British Journal of Mathematics & Computer Science · January 2016

DOI: 10.9734/BJMCS/2016/23014

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 British Journal of Mathematics & Computer Science
14(4): 1-7, 2016, Article no.BJMCS.23014
ISSN: 2231-0851

SCIENCEDOMAIN international
www.sciencedomain.org

Valve Control System Using Fuzzy Logic

Mohamed Zaidan Qawaqzeh1 and Yasir Khalil Ibrahim2*

1
Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Jordan.
2
Jerash University, Jordan.

Authors’ contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Both authors read and approved the final
manuscript.

Article Information

DOI: 10.9734/BJMCS/2016/23014
Editor(s):
(1) Feyzi Basar, Department of Mathematics, Fatih University, Turkey.
Reviewers:
(1) Gopalakrishnan Jayapalan, UAE.
(2) Anonymous, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia.
(3) Edita Lazarova, Slovak Academy of Sciences Kosice, Slovak Republic, Slovakia.
(4) Anonymous, Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine.
Complete Peer review History: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/13266

Received: 10th November 2015

Accepted: 22nd January 2016
Short Research Article Published: 11th February 2016
_______________________________________________________________________________

Abstract

The control of liquid level and flow between tanks is a basic problem in the process industries. Measuring
the flow of liquids is a critical need in many industrial plants. Realizing lower development costs, better
performance can be achieved using fuzzy logic which has better stability and fast response over other
methods. The suggested solution aims to improve the control processes in a garden. The intended system
can be used efficiently with high accuracy, low cost, a high quality.

Keywords: Fuzzy; controller; acquisition; PIC (Programmable Interrupt Controller); implementation;

ultrasonic sensor.

1 Introduction
Fuzzy logic is a convenient way to map an input space to an output space. This is the starting point for
everything else, and the great emphasis here is on the word "convenient". What do I mean by mapping input
space to output space? Here are a few examples: You tell me how good your service was at a restaurant, and
I'll tell you what the tip should be. You tell me how hot you want the water, and I'll adjust the faucet valve to

_____________________________________
*Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected];
 Qawaqzeh and Ibrahim; BJMCS, 14(4): 1-7, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.23014

the right setting [1]. In this context, Fuzzy logic is a problem-solving control system methodology that lends
itself to implementation in systems ranging from simple, small, embedded micro-controllers to large,
networked, multi-channel PC or workstation-based data acquisition and control systems. Fuzzy controllers
are very simple conceptually. They consist of an input stage, a processing stage, and an output stage. The
input stage maps sensor or other inputs, such as switches, thumbwheels, and so on, to the appropriate
membership functions and truth values. The processing stage invokes each appropriate rule and generates a
result for each, then combines the results of the rules. Finally, the output stage converts the combined result
back into a specific control output value. As shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Fuzzy logic controller block diagram

The processing stage is based on a collection of logic rules in the form of IF-THEN statements, where the IF
part is called the "antecedent" and the THEN part is called the "consequent". Typical fuzzy control systems
have dozens of rules.

Consider a rule for a thermostat: IF (temperature is "cold") THEN (heater is "high").

This rule uses the truth value of the "temperature" input, which is some truth value of "cold", to generate a
result in the fuzzy set for the "heater" output, which is some value of "high". This result is used with the
results of other rules to finally generate the crisp composite output. Obviously, the greater the truth value of
"cold", the higher the truth value of "high", though this does not necessarily mean that the output itself will
be set to "high", since this is only one rule among many [2].

2 Fuzzy Implementation
We want to control the degree of valve represented by the LCD depending on the temp and humid signals
that came from the sensors and processed by the microcontroller. As shown in Fig. 2.

2.1 Fuzzy implementation steps

1) Choose suitable scale universe of discourse [3] of -L ≤ (temp, humid)≤ L.

Where L and –L represent the upper and lower limits of universe of discourse (U.O.D) of temp and
humid.

Example:

Temp range (10 – 40) C˚; U.O.D for temp

Humid range (35% – 65%); U.O.D for humid
Valve range (0 – 12); U.O.D for valve

2) Divide the U.O.D into equally spaced intervals which are called the non-fuzzy set intervals for
temp, humid and valve.

2
 Qawaqzeh and Ibrahim; BJMCS, 14(4): 1-7, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.23014

Example:

The fuzzy set is define now. For our example let us take the following fuzzy set:

HT - High temp HH - High humid OV - Open valve

MT - Mid temp MH - Mid humid MV - Mid valve
LT - Low temp LH - Low humid CV - Close valve

Table 1. The fuzzy sets for temp, humid and valve

Fuzzy set Temp 10-20 20-30 30-40

Humid 35-45 45-55 55-65
Valve 0-4 4-8 8-12
HT HH OV 0 0 0.8
MT MH MV 0.5 0.6 0.6
LT LH CV 1 1 0.1

Valve
Temperature on
sensor Temp
Fuzzy controller

Valve
mid LCD
Humidity
sensor Humid

Valve
close

Fig. 2. Fuzzy controller block diagram

3) The decision rules are developed linguistically to do a particular control task and are implementing
as a set of the form IF HT and HH then MV, see Table 2.

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 Qawaqzeh and Ibrahim; BJMCS, 14(4): 1-7, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.23014

Table 2. Building rules

Temp HT MT LT
Humid
HH MV CV CV
MH OV OV CV
LH OV OV MV

4) The following steps can be used to calculate the scalar control action (the degree of danger).

a) For temp and humid define the fuzzy subsets with their discrete membership function.
b) Find the degree of freedom (D.O.F) from the fulfillment of the IF port for all rule by anding the
membership of the both temp and humid. As shown in Table 3.

Example: IF temp = 35 C˚ and humid = 50%

(30 – 40) (45 – 55)

HT 0.8 HH 0
MT 0.6 MH 0.6
LT 0.1 LH 1

Table 3. Degree of freedom

Temp HT MT LT D.O.F
Humid 0.8 0.6 0.1
HH MV CV CV
0 0 0 0
MH OV OV CV
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.1
LH OV OV MV
1 0.8 0.6 0.1

C) Calculate the control vector (UAj) for each rule by anding D.O.F with the control action subsets
elements and as shown below.

UAj= D.O.Fj ∩ An , n=1,2…,3 number of interval, j =1,2,3,….,R number of rule.

Control vector of rule 1: 0 0 0

Control vector of rule 2: 0 0 0
Control vector of rule 3: 0 0 0
Control vector of rule 4: 0 0 0.6
Control vector of rule 5: 0 0 0.6
Control vector of rule 6: 0.1 0.1 0.1
Control vector of rule 7: 0 0 0.8
Control vector of rule 8: 0 0 0.6
Control vector of rule 9: 0.1 0.1 0.1

4
 Qawaqzeh and Ibrahim; BJMCS, 14(4): 1-7, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.23014

d) Compute the net control action [6] (UAnet) by oring the vectors UAj as follow:

R1 = 0 0 0
R2 = 0 0 0
R3 = 0 0 0
R4 = 0 0 0.6 OR
R5 = 0 0 0.6
R6 = 0.1 0.1 0.1
R7 = 0 0 0.8
R8 = 0 0 0.6
R9 = 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.8 UAnet

5) Calculate the scalar control action [5] (valve degree) using the center of gravity method in which
the deterministic O/P has a vector value that divide the area under fuzzy set into two equal value.

  ∗   1  

  

    1  

Where, weight represents elements of the net control action vector and I represents the value of the
interval n.

Valve of degree = ((2*0.1) + (6*0.1) + (10*0.8))/ (0.1+0.1+0.8)

Valve of degree =8.8

2.2 System design

Fig. 3 shows a simplified block diagram of the overall system. It is clear the PIC is connected to a MAX232
buffer which is connected to the PCs RS232 port. Note that the clock is specified as 20MHz this was not the
original plan, as a slower clock speed would reduce power consumption (critical if using battery power
supply) and less noise would have been generate; hence ADC readings would be more accurate, allow it is
possible to put the PIC to sleep while taking the ADC reading, the ADC will send an interrupt waking the
PIC once the acquisition is complete. This is not an option for this application because it takes a long time
for the PICs oscillator to return to full speed, after a sleep operation; hence this means that the CRC display
would not be refreshed fast enough to avoid flicker.

Fig. 3. Simplified block diagram of the system

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 Qawaqzeh and Ibrahim; BJMCS, 14(4): 1-7, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.23014

The main reason for using a 20MHz clock was because the PIC program was developed in C, normally a C
program will take 2-times longer to execute than if the program was written in assembly code. The chosen
PIC is extremely powerful with a large program store (8K) and has no problem running C programs, making
it ideally suited for the high-level programming language C. Microchip’s 18 series (40MHz) are more
powerful (design especially for C), these chips are much more expensive than the 16 series, hence were not a
real option for this design [4].

Flow charts

Fig. 4. Flow chart of main programming

Fig. 5. Flow chart of RS232 communication programming

3 Results and Conclusions

The main results and conclusions we obtained from this work are summarized as follows:

• Our system provides a solution that helps the farmer to make a high speed and efficient irrigation
control on the farm.
• This system can't be limited with just this two parameter (humidity and temperature) it depend on
the parameter you like to measure and number of sensors used.
• Adjusting the sensitivity and the accuracy for the measuring circuits is important to ensure that the
measured parameters represent its actual values.
• The use of microcontroller reduces the hardware components as it can used to do the function of
more than one circuit.
• The microcontroller PIC16F877 was chosen; because of its low-cost and small size.
• The main advantage to use the serial port rather than parallel; there is no need for many wires as
parallel transmission [6].

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 Qawaqzeh and Ibrahim; BJMCS, 14(4): 1-7, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.23014

4 Future Work
After complete the main phase of our work, we suggest additional features that if added to this work will
improve the quality and flexibility.

• We can regulate the values of some quantities such as temperature, and to send these values via
SMS to other mobile.
• We can apply this system by measuring water level parameter in the tank, and using the ultrasonic
sensor, in addition to valve.

Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thanks both Al Balqa' Applied University & Jerash University for supporting this
research.

Competing Interests

Authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

References

[1] Ali MM. Neuro-fuzzy controller design. Ph.D. Dissertation, Control and Computer Engineering
Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq; 1998.

[2] Curtis D. Johnson. Process control instrument technology, fifth edition. Prentice Hall International;
1997.

[3] Surachai Panich. Development of fuzzy controller for water level in stream boiler tank. JCS.
2010;6(11):1233-1236. Science Publications, ISSN 1549-3636.

[4] Dharamniwas and Others. Liquid level control by using fuzzy logic controller. International Journal
of Advances in Engineering & Technology; 2012. ISN 2231-1963.

[5] Thae Thae and Others. Design 7 development of fuzzy logic controller for liquid flow control.
IJECSE. 2012;3:208-218. ISN: 2277-1956.

[6] Elammari A. Design of heuristic fuzzy logic controller for liquid level control. Proceedings of Fifth
International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation; 2014.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
© 2016 Qawaqzeh and Ibrahim; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.

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