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Effectivekotlin 180828123804

This document provides several useful Kotlin tips and techniques: - Leverage Kotlin's type system by using custom data classes and sealed classes to create your own type systems for improved type safety and compiler checks. - Nothing is a subtype of every type and can be used to indicate functions that never return. - When expressions can be used to assign variables, providing flexibility. - Platform types help integrate Kotlin and Java by providing null safety for platform calls that may return null. - Extension properties allow defining properties on existing classes without modifying them. Custom type systems add value but also have runtime costs like allocation and indirection, so balance is important.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

80 views

Effectivekotlin 180828123804

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Effective Kotlin

Useful Kotlin tips you might have missed

@AOrobator + @YousufHaque
Leverage Kotlin’s Type System
Kotlin Type Diamond

https://www.slideshare.net/compscicenter/kotlin-2016-mixing-java-and-kotlin
Nothing cannot be Instantiated

public class Nothing private constructor()

A function returning nothing will never return

public inline fun TODO(reason: String): Nothing =

throw NotImplementedError("An operation is not implemented: $reason")
A function returning nothing will never return

public inline fun TODO(reason: String): Nothing =

throw NotImplementedError("An operation is not implemented: $reason")
Nothing is a Subtype of Everything

val integer: Int = 3

val myTodo: Int = if (true) integer else TODO("not implemented")

Nothing is a Subtype of Everything

val integer: Int = 3

val myTodo: Int = if (true) integer else TODO("not implemented")

Platform Types

val myUpperCaseString: String = nonNullString.toUpperCase()

Platform Types

val myCompilerError: String = nullableString.toUpperCase()

Platform Types

val mySafeAccess: String? = nullableString?.toUpperCase()

Platform Types
// Java Declaration
public class SomeClass {
public static String getNullString() {
return null;
}
}
Platform Types
// Java Declaration
public class SomeClass {
public static String getNullString() {
return null;
}
}

val myPlatformString: String! = SomeClass.getNullString()

Platform Types
// Java Declaration
public class SomeClass {
public static String getNullString() {
return null;
}
}

val myPlatformString: String! = SomeClass.getNullString()

Platform Types
// Java Declaration
public class SomeClass {
public static String getNullString() {
return null;
}
}

val myPlatformString: String! = SomeClass.getNullString()

// Runtime exception
val myNullPointerException: String = myPlatformString.toUpperCase()
Platform Types
// Java Declaration
public class SomeClass {
public static String getNullString() {
return null;
}
}

val myPlatformString: String? = SomeClass.getNullString()

// Compiler error!
val myUnsafeCall: String = myPlatformString.toUpperCase()
Platform Types
// Java Declaration
public class SomeClass {
public static String getNullString() {
return null;
}
}

val myPlatformString: String? = SomeClass.getNullString()

// Compile time safety!

val myNullableString: String? = myPlatformString?.toUpperCase()
Platform Types
// Java Declaration
public class SomeClass {
@Nullable
public static String getNullString() {
return null;
}
}

val myAnnotatedString: String? = SomeClass.getNullString()

val myNullableString: String? = myAnnotatedString?.toUpperCase()

Create your own type systems
Create your own type systems
interface PlaylistRepository {
fun addSongToPlaylist(songId: Long, playlistId: Long)
}
Create your own type systems
interface PlaylistRepository {
fun addSongToPlaylist(songId: Long, playlistId: Long)
}
Create your own type systems
interface PlaylistRepository {
fun addSongToPlaylist(songId: Long, playlistId: Long)
}

val playlist: Playlist = ...

val song: Song = ...

// This is a bug, but the compiler allows it!

playlistRepository.addSongToPlaylist(
songId = playlist.id,
playlistId = song.id
)
Custom Type Systems
Custom Type Systems
data class SongId(val id: Long)
data class PlaylistId(val id: Long)
Custom Type Systems
data class SongId(val id: Long)
data class PlaylistId(val id: Long)

interface PlaylistRepository {
fun addSongToPlaylist(songId: SongId, playlistId: PlaylistId)
}
Compile time safety
data class SongId(val id: Long)
data class PlaylistId(val id: Long)

interface PlaylistRepository {
fun addSongToPlaylist(songId: SongId, playlistId: PlaylistId)
}

// Compiler doesn’t like this. Red squiggles everywhere. Success!

playlistRepository.addSongToPlaylist(
songId = PlaylistId(42L),
playlistId = SongId(9001L)
)
Extension Properties
Extension Properties
data class SongId(val id: Long)
val Song.typedId: SongId = SongId(this.id) // Create extension property

data class PlaylistId(val id: Long)

val Playlist.typedId: PlaylistId = PlaylistId(this.id)
Extension Properties
data class SongId(val id: Long)
val Song.typedId: SongId = SongId(this.id) // Create extension property

data class PlaylistId(val id: Long)

val Playlist.typedId: PlaylistId = PlaylistId(this.id)

val song: Song = ...

val playlist: Playlist = ...

playlistRepository.addSongToPlaylist(song.typedId, playlist.typedId)
Custom type system: Sealed Classes
Custom type system: Sealed Classes
sealed class SongId
data class ValidSongId(val id: Long) : SongId()
object InvalidSongId : SongId()