Regional Science High School for Region VI

Old Buswang, Kalibo, Aklan

EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY
Grade XI
(WEEK 4)
Lesson 3:
Word Processing Skills
• Integrating images and external materials

Lesson Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

• Effectively use these features to help improve the productivity of an organization through maximizing the
potential of Microsoft Word
• Create media -rich documents for printing or publishing

Integrating images and external materials

Integrating or inserting pictures in your documents is fun and improves the impressions of you document. A
common use of inserting a picture on a document is when you are creating your resume. Though seemingly simple
to do, your knowledge on the different kinds of materials that you can insert or integrate in a Word document and
its characteristics can help you create more efficient, richer document not only in content but also in physical form.
A better understanding of the physical form of your document as well as the different materials you integrate in it
would allow you to be more efficient and versatile in using Microsoft Word.

Let us consider the interesting aspects of inserting or integrating images and other external materials which
is categorized as an advanced feature.

Kinds of Materials

There are various kinds of materials Microsoft Word is Capable of integrating to make your documents
richer, more impressive, and more informative.

The illustrations group menu under the insert tab showing the kinds of materials you can integrate with Word 2016

The screenshot above shows the kinds of materials that can be integrated or inserted in your Microsoft
Word document. One can easily get exited and instead create a collage of what is generally called images and arts
rather than an enriched text document. One important thing to remember is that images and other materials are
not to be inserted as images for design purposes only, but they are used to enhanced or improve the effectiveness
of the message you want to convey. Let us describe each of them.

1. Picture. Generally, these are electronic or digital pictures or photographs you have
saved in any local storage device. There are three commonly used types of pictures files.
You can identify them by the extension on their file names.

a) .JPG. This is pronounced as “jay-peg”, and is the short form for .jpeg or
Joint Photographic Expert Group. Like all the rest of the images of this
file extensions, it identifies the kind of data compression process that it
uses to make it more compatible and portable through the internet. This
type of image file can support 16.7 million colors that is why it is suitable for use when working with
full color photographic images. Unfortunately, it does not support transparency and therefore,
images of this file type can be difficult to integrate in terms of blending with other materials or
elements in your documents, then this is the image file type for you. .JPG does not work well on
lettering, line drawings, or simple graphics. .JPG images are relatively small in file size.
b) .GIF. This stands for Graphics Interchange Format. This type of image file is capable of displaying
transparencies. Therefore, it is good for blending with other materials or elements in your
document. It is also capable of displaying simple animation. The downside is that it can only support
up to 256 colors so it is good mostly on logos and art decors with very limited, and generally solid
 colors. .GIF is much better for logos, drawings, small text, black and white images, or low-resolution
files.
c) .PNG. This is pronounced as “ping”. It stands for Portable Network Graphics. It was built around the
capabilities of .GIF. Its development was basically for the purposes of transporting images on the
internet at faster rates. It is also god with transparencies but unlike .GIFs, it does not support
animation but it can display up to 16 million colors, so image quality for this image file type is also
remarkably improved. PNG allows the control of the transparency level or opacity of images.

2. Clip Art. This is generally a .GIF type; line art drawings or images used as generic
representation for ideas and objects that you might want to integrate in your
document. Microsoft Word has a library of clip arts that is built in or can be
downloaded and used freely. There are still other clip arts that you can either
purchase or freely download and use that come from third-party providers.

3. Shapes. These are printable objects or materials that you can integrate in your
document to enhance its appearance or to allow you to have some tools to use for
composing and representing ideas or messages. If you are designing the layout for
poster or other graphic material for advertising, you might find this useful.

4. SmartArt. Generally, these are predefined sets of different shapes grouped together to
form ideas that are organizational or structural in nature. If you want to graphically
represent an organization, process, relationships, or flow for infographic documents,
then you will find this and handy to use.

5. Chart. Another type of material that you can integrate in your Word document that
allows you to represent data characteristics and trends. This is quite useful when you are
preparing reports that correlate and present data in a graphical manner. You can Create
Charts that can be integrated in your document either directly in Microsoft Word or
Imported from External files like Microsoft Excel.

6. Screenshot. Sometimes, creating reports or manuals for training or procedures will

require the integration of a more realistic image of what you are discussing on your
report or manual. Nothing can get you a more realistic image than a screenshot.
Microsoft Word even provides a snipping tool for you to screen shots so you can select
to display only the part that you exactly like to capture on our screen.

Image Placement
In practice, inserting an image or any other material in your document is quite easy especially if the material already
exists in your local storage device. It is just a matter of opening up the image you would like to insert is on a web
page currently displayed on your screen could be copied and pasted. The real challenge is where to put the image
you inserted or where to move it. In this part of the lesson, we will study the different characteristics of text
wrapping options that you can use with the image you integrated in your document.

Wrap text drop-down menu in Word 2016 showing the preset options.
1. In line with text. this is the default setting for images that are inserted or
integrated in your document. It treats your image like a text font with bottom side
totally aligned with the text line. This setting is used when you need to place your
image at the beginning of a paragraph. When placed between texts in a paragraph
or sentence, it distorts the overall appearance and arrangement of the text in the
paragraph because it will take up the space it needs vertically, pushing whole lines
of text upward.

2. Square. This setting allows the image you inserted to be placed anywhere within
the paragraph with text going around the image in a square pattern like a frame.

3. Tight. This is almost the same as the square setting, but here the text “hugs” or
conforms the general shape of the image. This allows you to get a more creative
effect on your document. This setting can mostly be achieved if you are using an
image that supports transparency like .GIF or .PNG file.

4. Through. This setting allows the text on your document to flow even tighter, taking the contours and shape of the
image. Again, this can be best used with a .GIF or .PNG type of image.

5. Top and bottom. This setting pushes the texts away vertically to the top and/or the
bottom of the image so that the image occupies a whole text line on its own.

6. Behind text. This allows your image to be dragged and placed anywhere on your
document but with all the texts floating in front of it. It effectively makes your image
look like a background.

7. In front of text. As it suggests, this setting allows your image to be placed right on top
of the text as if your image was dropped right on it. That means whatever part of the text
you placed the image on, it will be covered by the image.
Lesson 3:
Basic Parts of a Computer and it’s function
Why is it important to know how to use a computer?

Computers are everywhere and everyone is using them! Computers are in our cars, our kitchens, our living
rooms, our stores and, most importantly, in our workplaces. They are used to communicate, to play, and to make
everyday tasks easier (once you know how to use them!). The ability to use a computer will enhance your ability to
not only keep in touch with friends and family but it will also increase your ability to find and keep a job.

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

An electronic device that accepts data (input), manipulates the data (process), produces information based
on the manipulation (output) and stores the results (storage).

Computer sizes and power

Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows, though there is considerable overlap:

• Personal computer: A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor.

• Workstation: A powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more
powerful microprocessor and, in general, a higher-quality monitor.
• Minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds of users simultaneously.
• Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users
simultaneously.
• Supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per
second.

Personal computer:
It can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. In price, personal
computers range anywhere from a few hundred pounds to over five thousand pounds. All are based on the
microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. Businesses use
personal computers for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet and
database management applications. At home, the most popular use for personal computers is for playing games
and recently for surfing the Internet.

Types of Personal Computer

• Desktop model
• Notebook computer
• Laptop computer
• PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)/ Smart Phone
 Workstation:
It is a type of computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing, software
development, and other types of applications that require a moderate amount of computing power and
relatively high-quality graphics capabilities. Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution graphics
screen, at large amount of RAM, built-in network support, and a graphical user interface. Most workstations also
have a mass storage device such as a disk drive, but a special type of workstation, called a diskless workstation,
comes without a disk drive. The most common operating systems for workstations are UNIX and Windows NT.
Like personal computers, most workstations are single-user computers. However, workstations are typically
linked together to form a local-area network, although they can also be used as stand-alone systems.

Minicomputer:
It is a midsize computer. In the past decade, the distinction between large minicomputers and small mainframes
has blurred, however, as has the distinction between small minicomputers and workstations. But in general, a
minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting from up to 200 users simultaneously.

Mainframe Computer:
Mainframe was a term originally referring to the cabinet containing the central processor unit or "main frame" of a
room-filling Stone Age batch machine. After the emergence of smaller "minicomputer" designs in the early 1970s,
the traditional big iron machines were described as "mainframe computers" and eventually just as mainframes.
Nowadays a Mainframe is a very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even thousands,
of users simultaneously. The chief difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that a supercomputer
channels all its power into executing a few programs as fast as possible, whereas a mainframe uses its power to
execute many programs concurrently. In some ways, mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because
they support more simultaneous programs. But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a
mainframe. The distinction between small mainframes and minicomputers is vague, depending really on how the
manufacturer wants to market its machines.

Supercomputer:
is a broad term for one of the fastest computers currently available. Supercomputers are very expensive and are
employed for specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations (number
crunching). For example, weather forecasting requires a supercomputer. Other uses of supercomputers scientific
simulations, (animated) graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, electronic design, and analysis
of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical prospecting). Perhaps the best known supercomputer manufacturer is Cray
Research.

The computer performs 4 basic functions

• Input
• Process
• Output
• Storage

Human Brain analogy:

• Input = eyes, ears, mouth & nose

• Processing = brain
• Output = verbal & non-verbal reactions
• Storage = you have control / important keep / not imp. Delete

WHY WE USE COMPUTERS TO DO WORK WE COULD DO WITHOUT A COMPUTER?

• Speed
• Accuracy
• Reliability
• Memory

BASIC PARTS OF A COMPUTER

1. Input Devices: An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing you to interact
with and control it. The picture shows a Logitech trackball mouse, which is an example of an input device.

Types of input devices

• Barcode reader
• Biometrics (e.g., fingerprint scanner).
• Digital camera and digital camcorder.
• Gamepad, joystick, paddle, steering wheel, and Microsoft Kinect.
• Keyboard
• Mouse, touchpad, or other pointing devices.
• Remote
• Scanner
• Sensors (e.g., heat and orientation sensors).
• Touch screen
• Voice (using voice speech recognition or biometric verification).
 • Video capture device
• VR helmet and gloves
• Webcam

2. Output Devices: an output device receives information from the computer, and carry data that has been
processed by the computer to the user. Output devices provide data in myriad different forms, some of which
include audio, visual, and hard copy media. The devices are usually used for display, projection, or for physical
reproduction. Monitors and printers are two of the most commonly-known output devices used with a computer.

Computer output devices are all peripheral hardware, and are connected to a computer by cables, or by wireless
networking.

Types of output devices

• Monitor • Headset
• Printer • Projector
• Speakers

3. System Unit: A system unit is the part of a computer that houses the
primary devices that perform operations and produce results for complex
calculations. It includes the motherboard, CPU, RAM and other components,
as well as the case in which these devices are housed. This unit performs the
majority of the functions that a computer is required to do.

The term system unit is generally used to differentiate between the

computer itself and its peripheral devices, such as the keyboard, mouse
and monitor.

Components of a System unit

a) Power Supply g) Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

b) Mother Board h) Optical Drive
c) CPU i) Floppy Drive
d) CPU heat sink/fan assembly j) External/Internal Cables
e) RAM o PATA Cable
f) Adapter Card o Floppy Cable
o NIC o SATA Cable
o Video Adapter o VGA/Monitor Cable
o Ethernet Cable

a. Power Supply

A power supply provides the needed voltage to power the

various electronic circuits that make up the PC.

Attach the power supply to the case.

b. Motherboard
 one of the most essential parts of a computer system. It
holds together many of the crucial components of a computer,
including the central processing unit (CPU), memory and connectors
for input and output devices. The base of a motherboard consists of
a very firm sheet of non-conductive material, typically some sort of
rigid plastic. Thin layers of copper or aluminum foil, referred to as
traces, are printed onto this sheet. These traces are very narrow and
form the circuits between the various components. In addition to
circuits, a motherboard contains a number of sockets and slots to
connect the other components.

c. Central Processing Unit

It is the unit which performs most of

the processing inside a computer. To control
instructions and data flow to and from other
parts of the computer, the CPU relies heavily on
a chipset, which is a group of microchips
located on the motherboard.

The CPU has two components:

Control Unit: extracts instructions from

memory and decodes and executes them

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): handles arithmetic

and logical operations

d. CPU heat sink/fan assembly

a device that incorporates either a fan or some other means to keep a hot component, such as a processor,
cooled down. There are two heat sink types: active and passive. The picture is an example of a heat sink that has
both active and passive cooling mechanisms.

• Active heat sinks utilize the computer's power supply and may include a fan.
Sometimes these types of heat sinks are referred to as an HSF, which is short
for heat sink and fan. There are also liquid cooling systems, which have
become more popular in recent years.

• Passive heat sinks are those that have no mechanical components.

Consequently, they are 100% reliable. Passive heat sinks are made of an
aluminum finned radiator that dissipates heat through convection. For passive
heat sinks to work to their full capacity, there should be a steady airflow
moving across the fins.

e. Memory

Memory is what makes the computer so fast - the ability to go from point A to point Q without having to pass
through B,C,D,E, etc. in order. Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily,
like RAM (random access memory), or permanently, like ROM (read-only memory). Memory devices
utilize integrated circuits and are used by operating systems, software, and hardware.

• RAM (Random Access Memory RAM s is where the computer

holds data while it is needed for processing. It is volatile in
that it loses its contents when the machine is turned off.
 • ROM (Read Only Memory): a set of chips that contain instructions that
help a computer prepare for processing tasks. These instructions are
permanent. The only way to change them is to remove the chips and
replace them.

Volatile vs. non-volatile memory

Memory can be either volatile and non-volatile memory. Volatile memory is memory that loses its contents
when the computer or hardware device loses power. Computer RAM is an example of volatile memory. It is
why if your computer freezes or reboots when working on a program, you lose anything that hasn't been
saved. Non-volatile memory, sometimes abbreviated as NVRAM, is memory that keeps its contents even if the
power is lost. EPROM is an example of non-volatile memory.

f. Network Interface Card (NIC)

A hardware component without which a computer cannot be connected over a network. It is a circuit board
installed in a computer that provides a dedicated network connection to the computer. It is also called network
interface controller, network adapter or LAN
adapter.

Purpose

NIC allows both wired and wireless

communications.

NIC allows communications between computers

connected via local area network (LAN) as well as
communications over large-scale network through
Internet Protocol (IP).

g. Video Adapter

Alternatively known as a display adapter, graphics

card, video card, video board, or video controller, a video
card is an expansion card that connects to a computer
motherboard. It is used to creates a picture on a display;
without a video card, you would not be able to see this
page. More plainly, it is a piece of hardware inside of your
computer that deals with processing images and video,
along with some of the tasks normally handled by the CPU.
Video cards are used by gamers in place of integrated
graphics due to their extra processing power and video
ram.

h. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

A hard disk drive (HDD) is a

non-volatile computer storage device
containing magnetic disks or platters rotating
at high speeds. It is a secondary storage device
used to store data permanently, random
access memory (RAM) being the primary
memory device. Non-volatile means data is
retained when the computer is turned off.

A hard disk drive is also known as a hard drive.

i. Optical Drive
 An optical drive is a type of computer disk
drive that reads and writes data from optical disks
through laser beaming technology.

This type of drive allows a user to retrieve, edit and

delete the content from optical disks such as CDs,
DVDs and Blu-ray disks. Optical drives are among
the most common computer components.

An optical drive may also be known as an optical

disk drive (ODD).

j. PATA Cable

short for Parallel ATA, is an IDE standard for connecting

storage devices like hard drives and optical drives to the
motherboard.

PATA generally refers to the types of cables and

connections that follow this standard.

PATA cables are flat cables with 40-pin connectors (in a

20x2 matrix) on either side of the cable.

k. SATA Cable

Short for Serial ATA (which is an abbreviation for

Serial Advanced Technology Attachment), is an IDE
standard first released in 2001 for connecting devices like
optical drives and hard drives to the motherboard.

The term SATA generally refers to the types of

cables and connections that follow this standard.

Serial ATA replaces Parallel ATA as the IDE

standard of choice for connecting storage devices inside of
a computer. SATA storage devices can transmit data to and
from the rest of the computer much, much faster than an
otherwise similar PATA device.

l. Video Graphics Array (VGA) Cable

is a type of computer cable that carries visual

display data from the CPU to the monitor. A complete VGA
cable consists of a cable and a connector at each end, and
the connectors are typically blue.

m. Ethernet Cable

It is one of the most common types of network cables used

for wired networks. Ethernet cables connect devices within a local
area network, like PCs, routers, and switches. These physical cables
are limited by their length and by their durability. If a network cable
is too long or of poor quality, it won't carry a good network signal.
These limits are one reason there are different types of Ethernet
cables optimized to perform certain tasks in specific situations.
Back Panels

Post Test:
Define each of the terms below.

1. Motherboard
2. ROM
3. CPU
4. RAM
5. BIOS
6. Input Device (Give at least 2 examples)
7. Output Device (Give at least 2 examples)
8. Hard Drive
9. Power Supply
10. Video Cards

(Write your answers on a yellow pad paper and submit them during the releasing of the next batch of modules)