9/28/2020 Difference Between Open Loop & Closed Loop System (with Comparison Chart) - Circuit Globe

Circuit Globe / Comparisons / Difference Between Open Loop & Closed Loop System

Difference Between Open Loop & Closed Loop System

One of the significant difference between the open loop and closed loop control system is
that in an open loop system the desired output does not depend on the control action.
While in the closed loop system the desired output depends on the control action of the
system. The other differences between the open and closed loop system are shown
below in the comparison chart.

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Content: Open Loop Vs Closed Loop System

1. Comparison Chart
2. Definition
3. Key Differences
4. Conclusion

Comparison Chart

Open Closed
Basis For Comparison Loop Loop
System System

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9/28/2020 Difference Between Open Loop & Closed Loop System (with Comparison Chart) - Circuit Globe

Open Closed
Basis For Comparison Loop Loop
System System

Definition The In closed

system loop, the
whose output
control depends on
action is the control
free from action of
the output the system.
is known
as the
open loop
control
system.

Other Name Non- Feedback

feedback System
System

Components Controller Amplifier,

and Controller,
Controlled Controlled
Process. Process,
Feedback.

Construction Simple Complex

Reliability Non- Reliable

reliable

Accuracy Depends Accurate

on because of
calibration feedback.

Stability Stable Less Stable

Optimization Not- Possible

Possible

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9/28/2020 Difference Between Open Loop & Closed Loop System (with Comparison Chart) - Circuit Globe

Open Closed
Basis For Comparison Loop Loop
System System

Response Fast Slow

Calibration Difficult Easy

System Disturbance Affected Not-affected

Linearity Non-linear Linear

Examples Traffic Air

light, conditioner,
automatic temperature
washing control
machine, system,
immersion speed and
rod, TV pressure
remote control
etc. system,
refrigerator,
toaster.

Open Loop Control System

In open loop control system, the output does not affect the control action of the system.
In other words, the system whose working depends on time is known as the open loop
control system. The open loop system is free from the feedback. Let’s understand this
with the help of the few examples.

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Example 1: Consider the clothes dryer whose control action is done manually by the
operator. Depending on the wetness of the clothes suppose the operator set the timer
for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes the timer will stop even after the clothes are wet.

The dryer stops working even if the desired output is not obtained. This shows that the
system has no feedback. Here clothes dryer is the example of the open loop system and
the timer is the controller of the system.

Example 2: The automatic washing machine is the example of the open loop system.
The operator manually sets the operating time of the machine. The machine stops
operating after the set time, even the desire cleanliness of clothes are not obtained. This
happens because the machine has no feedback system which signals the control action
of the system for desired output.

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9/28/2020 Difference Between Open Loop & Closed Loop System (with Comparison Chart) - Circuit Globe

The open loop system is simple, require less maintenance. Also, it is fast in operation
and very economical. But the accuracy of the system is less, and it is less reliable.

Closed Loop Control System

The closed-loop control system means the output of the system depends on their input.
The system has one or more feedback loops between its output and input. The closed-
loop system design in such a way that they automatically provide the desired output by
comparing it with the actual input. The closed-loop system generates the error signal
which is the difference between the input and output.

Example 1: Suppose in the above example of closed dryer we are using the transducer
which senses the dryness of the clothes and provides the feedback signal to the
controller relating to dryness. Here the dryness is the output of the system. The sensor
act as a feedback of the system. The sensor gives the signal to the controller of the
machine, and hence the dryer provides the desired output.
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Example 2: The air conditioner is the example of the closed-loop system. The air
conditioner regulates the temperature by comparing it with the surrounding
temperature. The comparison of temperature is done with the help of the thermostat.
When the AC provides the error signal which is the difference between the surrounding
temperature and room temperature the thermostats turn on or off the compressor.

The closed loop system is more reliable and accurate. But this system is very expensive
and requires high maintenance.

Key Differences between Open Loop and Closed Loop System

1. The open loop system means the output of the system is free from their input. In
the closed-loop system, the desired output depends on their input.
2. The open loop system is called the non-feedback system while the closed loop is the
feedback system.
3. The control and controlled process are the two components of the open loop system.
The closed loop requires some components likes an amplifier, controller, controlled
process, feedback system etc.
4. The construction of systems is easy because few elements are used in the system.
The construction of the closed-loop system is quite difficult.
5. The open loop system is not reliable whereas the closed-loop system is reliable.
6. The accuracy of the system is less as compared to the closed-loop system.
7. The open loop system is more stable as compared to a closed loop system. Here the
word stable means the output of the system remains constant even after the
disturbances.

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9/28/2020 Difference Between Open Loop & Closed Loop System (with Comparison Chart) - Circuit Globe

8. The open loop system is not optimized, whereas the closed-loop system is
optimized.
9. The open loop system gives the fast response, whereas the closed loop system gives
the slow response.
10. The calibration of open loop system is difficult as compared to the closed-loop
system.
11. In an open loop system, the disturbance affected the output, whereas in a closed
loop system the output is not much affected by the disturbances.
12. The output control system has a non-linear response, whereas the input control
system has linear responses.
13. The traffic light, automatic washing machine, etc. are the examples of the output
system, whereas the temperature controller, toaster etc. are the examples of the
closed-loop system.

Conclusion

The open loop and control loop are the two types of control system. The open loop
system works on input, and it is simple in construction while the closed loop system is
complex and their output depends on the input.

Related Terms:
1. Difference Between Positive and Negative Feedback
2. Difference between Stepper Motor and DC Motor
3. Difference Between Inverting and Non-Inverting Amplifier
4. Closed Loop Control of Drives
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2 Comments

Aakash
June 11, 2019 at 8:19 am
Reply

Dear Author,
Thanks for providing such an informative blog.

jay
July 1, 2019 at 4:36 am
Reply

thanks for explaining open loop closed loop I understand now

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