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AN IoT Based Waste Segreggator for Recycling

Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Waste
Jeberson Retna Raj, B.Infant Philo Rajula, R.Tamilbharathi, Senduru Srinivasulu
Department of Information Technology
Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology
Chenai, India
[email protected]

Abstract—Smart city technology integrates the essential required. With the help of IoT, we can easily identified
services provided for the city for improving the lifestyle of the which kind of waste is dumped and it help to measure the
citizen. Segregating and disposing garbage in a densely quantity also. Furthermore, through IoT the level of carbon
populated city is a key challenge. Traditionally, the waste are di oxide and methane can be measured. IoT is used in
manually collected from the houses and dumped in dumpyard. different application related in environment which includes,
The waste are disposed by either of burning or simply used as monitoring environment, levels of greenhouse, pollution
a landfill. This leads into emission of higher amount of monitoring, and vegetation level and so on.
greenhouse gases which affect the environment. In this paper,
an IoT enabled waste segregator for segregating municipal
waste into bio degradable and non-biodegradable one. The II. LITERATURE SURVEY
smart waste segregator equipped with IR sensor, Moisture Madankar et al presented a waste segregator system for
sensor and Metal sensor for segregating the metal, wet waste segregating wet waste and paper waste. The system
and dry waste respectively. The three DC motor connected encompasses with IR sensor and motor and relay drivers to
with the conveyor belt used for smooth passing of waste over segregate the waste [1]. In [2], an automated segregator of
the system surface. The system is implemented and the
plastic bottle and tin cans are introduced. However the
dumped wastes are segregated successfully. The system is
connected with the cloud so that the sensed data can be stored
system not covering other wet garbage. In [3], a waste
in the cloud for further processing. segregator system has been introduced for segregating metal,
and other waste using IR sensor with microcontroller and
Keywords—Metal Sensor, Moisture Sensor, IR Sensor, oscillator. Sharanya et al proposed a waste segregator system
Internet of Things used for automatic segregation of waste. The IR sensor with
Laser LDR used to detect plastic, Moisture Sensor for
detecting wet waste and inductive proximity sensors for
I. INTRODUCTION
segregating metals[4]. In [5], a smart bin using IoT has been
Chennai is one of the famous metropolitan city with more introduced to segregate the solid and wet waste. However,
than one billion people living in the city. Furthermore, more the system doesn’t separates plastics, rubbers, metals etc.
than one lakh people coming and leaving from the city for Hence this work not covering all kinds of wastes. Rishabh
various needs like health, employment, tourism, education, Jain et al proposed an IoT based thrash bin for segregating
civil works etc. The city generates more than 3200 tons of waste. The system equipped with IR sensor, Moisture sensor,
garbage that includes landfill, solid waste, plastic, metals, and metal detector. Furthermore, the system needs human
papers etc. Two dumpyard Kodungaiyur and Pallikaranai are intervention for constant monitoring [6]. In [7], an IoT based
used for catering the needs of dumping these wastes. Most of automated waste segregator has been introduced for
the dumpyard doesn’t equip with the waste management recycling the wastes. The system consists of various sensors
mechanism. The wastes are manually processed by simply and which are connected with the Arduino board. The
burnt which emits higher volume of Carbon di oxide (CO2) prototype experiencing error while implemented due to
and other green house gases. This further increases the air improper poor design and configuration of sensors. In [8], a
pollution level which affects the environment. The higher the smart waste management system has been introduced. The
level of CO2 and Methane which affects ozone layer which system limited with the segregation of dry and the wet waste.
in turns climate change. The climate change impact the However, we can’t extract metals, plastics, biodegradable
environment by rising sea level, loss of monsoon, rising wastes from the mixture of waste. In [9], a microcontroller
temperature etc. Segregating wastes into degradable and based waste segregation mechanism has been introduced.
non-degradable is a challenge. Traditionally, theses wastes The system segregates metal waste, dry waste and wet waste.
are segregated manually which is a time consuming process. There is no real time monitoring for segregation process. In
This system proposes a prototype of automatically [10], an IoT enabled waste segregation method has been
segregating the paper, metal, plastic and degradable waste introduced. In [11], an automated door based on IoT has
which is used for recycling purpose. The proposed model is been introduced. In [12] and [13] an authentication and
based on Internet of Things (IOT) based Smart bin which is a access control system introduced in IoT based systems. In
programmable one. The Smart bin segregates the wet waste, [14] and [15] an IoT based safety system and automated
metal waste and composed waste from the garbage gardening system has been introduced. Yaan et al introduced
automatically. The IoT technology integrates various devices a smart waste management system is introduced to segregate
connected in a network and sharing and exchanging the waste materials [16]. The existing methods configured
resources in a flexible manner. To tackle the manual either with microcontroller or IoT enabled system. Some of
segregation of waste, the IoT technology provided with a the existing works simulate the behavior of segregation
solution which is automated and no human intervention process and not real time implementation. Furthermore,
is
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manual intervention is required for processing the waste. collect the metal waste. The collected metal waste is then
There is no monitoring mechanism for completing the entire discharged into the metal bin where metal sensor is placed in
process. The existing methods are limited in accuracy. Our the bottom of the bin which is used to detect the metal waste.
proposed work alleviates these difficulties and introduced a
conveyor based system which used for smooth passing of The second step in this system is to collect non-
waste. The solid metal, paper and wet waste can be biodegradable waste, the remaining waste from the
segregated efficiently. The proposed system equipped with conveyor1 is passed through the medium speed blower. here
IoT enabled so that the real time monitoring is guaranteed. the working process of the blower is to blow the low density
This increases the accuracy of categorizing the waste. The waste(such as plastics, papers etc). The low density waste is
IoT is connected with the cloud server so that the measured then blown into the duct and collected in a non
data can be stored into the cloud. This eventually increases biodegradable bin where IR sensor is placed in the bottom of
the accuracy of each category of waste. the bin which is used to detect the non-biodegradable waste.

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Funnel
A. System Design
Garbage
The components of the proposed system are shown in
figure 1. This system consists of three bins which includes Conveyor 1 Magnet Medium Solid
blower
metal bin, Moisture bin and Non-biodegradable bin. The DC Motor
metal bin is is connected with the metal detector which is
used to detect metals. The second bin is connected with the
IR sensor which is used to detect the non biodegradable
waste. The third bin is connected with moisture sensor which Metal Bin

is used to detect the wet waste. All these sensors are Metal Sensor
connected to the Arduino mega board. DC Motar

Conveyor 2
Non-Biodegradable Bin
Moisture Bin
Moisture Sensor IR sensor

Figure 2 : proposed prototype of waste segregator

The third step in this system is to collect the wet waste,

the remaining waste from the conveyor1 is dropped to the
conveyor-2 without the disturbance of the blower and
collected in the moisture bin where moisture sensor is placed
in the bottom of the bin which is used to detect the wet
waste. Figure 3 representing the flow diagram of the
Figure.1 Components of the proposed system proposed system used in segregation process.

The sensors are configured and controlled by execution

of code which is implemented using embedded-C language.
The output received from all the sensors are stored in IOT
module. IoT module play a role to store the data from the
sensors to the IoT cloud. The IoT It is connected by using
WiFi hotspot so that the collected data can be stored into the
cloud for further processing. The IoT module interfaced with
ARDUINO MEGA so that the real time updates of can be
done through the connected devices.

B. System architecture
The architecture of the proposed design for waste
segregation process is shown in figure 3. The waste
segregation system is designed such a way that it can
segregate three kinds of waste. The process involves three
steps for segregating three types of waste such as metal
waste, wet waste, and non-biodegradable waste. Three DC
motors are used to connect two conveyors for smooth
passing of waste and the medium based speed blower is used
to extract the light weight dry waste like papers and
degradable waste.
The first step in this system is used to collect the metal
waste. The process starts by disposing the waste into the Figure 3 Flow diagram of the proposed waste segregator
funnel. Then the waste from the funnel is taken to conveyor-
1 for segregating waste. The conveyor1 is connected with the
magnet, where the magnet is used to attract the metals and
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IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Communication Systems (ICACCS). PP:571-573 doi:10.1109

/icaccs.2019.8728358
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