CAMBRIDGE ve UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE Page eRe Unty ce mente Objective First : Student’s Book with answers fo} een ee cura ee arc also known as First Certificate in English (FCE)B CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ESOL Examinations Objective First Student's Book j with answers ij i Annette Capel Wendy Sharp Met)Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press ‘The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 BRU, UK womw.cambridge org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/978052178792 © Cambridge University Press 2012 ‘This publication isn copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2000 Second edition 2008 Third edition published 2012 ath printing 2013 Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by the MPG Books Group ‘A catologue for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-521-17878-5 Student's Book without answers with CD-ROM 'SBN 978-0-521-17879-2 Student's Book with answers with CD-ROM ISBN 978-0-521-17909-6 Teacher's Book with Teacher's Resources Audio CD/CD-ROM ISBN 978-0-521-17881-5 Class Audio CDs (2) ISBN 978-0-521-17880-8 Workbook without answers with Audio CD ISBN 978-0-521-17882-2 Workbook with answers with Audio CD 'SBN 978-0-521-17883-9 Student's Book Pack (Student's Book with answers with CD-ROM and Class Audio CDs) 'S8N 978-1-107-648913 For Schools Practice Test Booklet with answers with Audio CD (SBN 978-1-107-64892-0 For Schools Practice Test Booklet without answers {SBN 978:1-107-60248-9 For Schools Pack (Student's Book and Practice Test Booklet without answers with Audio CD) Additional resources for this publication at wwww.cambridge org/objectivefist ‘Cambridge University Press has no responsibility forthe persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in ‘this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites i, ‘or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel ‘timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. Cover concept by Tim Elcock Produced by Kamae Design, OxfordMap of Objective First Student’s Book Topic EXAM PRACTICE GRAMMAR VOCABULARY Unit 1 Paper 5 Speaking: 2 ‘Comparison: adjectives and [APPEARANCE AND CLOTHING Fashion matters 10-13 Paper 4 Listening: 3 adverbs Phrasal verbs Fashion: describing people Paper 3 Use of English: 4 — Adverbs of degree Exam folders 14-15 Paper 3 Use of English:4 Key word transformations Unit 2 Paper 1 Reading: 1 slyadverds conpurers The virtual world 16-19 Review of present tenses allocations ‘Computer games; the Internet Word formation Writing folder 20-21 Paper 2 Weiting: 1 and2 Informal letters and emails Units Paper 5 Speaking: 2 ‘Modals 1: Obligation, necessity TRAVEL AND HOLIDAYS Going places 22-25 Paper 4 Listening: 2 and permission ‘Topic set - travel and holidays ‘Travel Paper 3 Use of English: !and4 Prepositions of location Phrasal verbs Collocations Exam folder2 26-27 Paper 3 Use of English: 3 Word formation Unit 4 Paper 1 Reading: 3 asand like ANIMALS Endangered 28-31 Paper 3 Use of English: 4 Compound adjectives Word formation ‘Animals ‘Topic set - parts of animals Expressions with time Writing folder2 32-33 Paper 2 Writing: 1 ‘Transactional letters and emails 1 (formal) units Paper 4 Listening: 1 Review of past tenses: EMOTIONS Mixed emotions 34-37 Paper 3 Use of English: 2 past simple Collocations~ adverbs of degree Describing frightening and Past continuous positive experiences present perfect past perfect, Irregular verbs Exam folder3 38-39 Paper 3 Use of English: 2 ‘Open cloze unit 6 Paper | Reading: 2 ‘Conditionals with if “enesiNe AND CELEBRITY What if? 40-43 ‘Paper 3 Use of English: | and3 Conditionals with unless Phrasal verbs with keep Winning prizes and celebrity Paper 5 Speaking: 4 Parts of speech ‘Word formation culture Writing folders 44-45 Paper 2 Writing: 2 a Stories 1 Units 1-6 Revision 46-47 Unit Paper 3 Use of English: 3 and 4 Gerunds and infinitves 1 sont Life's too short 48-51 Paper 4 Listening: 3 allocations ~ sports Sport Paper 5 Speaking: 3 Expressions with do Word formation Exam folder 4 52-53 Paper 3 Use of English: 1 ‘Multiple choice cloze Unit 8 Paper 5 Speaking: 2.and4 used fo and would 108 AND WoRK Growing up 54-37 Paper 1 Reading: 1 Collocations| Childhood Paper 3 Use of English: 3 Phrasal verbs with get Word formation Writing folder 4 58-59 Paper 2 Writing: 2 Essays MAP OF OBJECTIVE FIRST STUDENT'S BOOK giToPIC EXAM PRACTICE nit ‘Paper 3 Use of English: 2 The hard sll 60-63 Paper Listening: + Advertising Paper 5 Speaking: 3 aan Hi Paper 5 Speaking: 2and 4 (Countable and uncountable Paper 4 Listening: 2 nouns Paper 3 Use of English: 2and 3 some, any and mo MAP OF OBJECTIVE FIRST STUDENT'S BOOKEXAM PRACTICE Writing folder 9 120-121 Paper 2 Writing: 2 z ‘The set book “Modals 3: Advice and suggestion Mavens 1-127 Pb re 4 Us time Teta pratt ‘body. Health and fitness Paper 3 Use of English: ‘havelget something done seswith on ‘Word formation ‘Topic set health Exam folder to 128-129 ple ition Writing folder10 134-135 Paper 2 Writing:2 Stories 2 Unit 2 ‘Paper 5 Speaking: end 4 ‘Mixed conditionals omy ure Urban decay, suburban Paper 4 Listening: 2 Collocations hell e139 ‘Topic set ~ buildings ity life Word formation ~ Exam folder 140-141 Paper 1 Reading: 3 ‘Multiple matching Writing folder 146-147 Paper 2 Writing: 2 Reports Writing folder 2 158-159 Paper 2 Writing: | letters and emails 3 (formal) 8 (6 oe 3a seg MAP OF OBJECTIVE FIRST STUDENT'S BOOK 5Content of the Cambridge English: First ‘The Cambridge English: First examination consists of five papers, each of which is worth 40 marks. It is not necessary to pass all five papers in order to pass the examination. If you achieve a grade A in the examination, you will be awarded the First Certificate in English and your certificate will state that you demonstrated ability at C1 level. Ifyou achieve grade B or C, you will be awarded the First Certificate in English at Level B2. If your performance is below B2, but falls within Level B1, you will get a Cambridge English certificate stating that you demonstrated ability at B1 level. ‘You will also be given some indication of your performance on the individual papers, ie. whether you have done especially well or badly. Paper1 Reading shour “There are three parts to this paper and they are always in the same order. Each part contains a text anda comprehension task. The texts used are from newspaper and magazine articles, fiction, guides and reviews. ee ee Task format Objective Exam folder eo | 1 Multiplechoice 8 You must read a text and answer multiple choice questions Fiction 10 (128-129) with four options: A, 8, Cor D. [Non-fiction m2 (152-153) 2 Gapped text 7 You must read a text with sentences removed. You needto 9 (na-ns) use the missing sentences to complete the text. 3 Multiple matching 15 ‘You must answer the questions by finding the relevant 1 (\4o-) Information inthe text or texts, Paper 2 Writing 1hour 20 minutes ‘There are two parts to this paper. Part 1 is compulsory, you have to answer it. In Part 2 there are four questions and you must choose one. Each part carries equal marks and you are expected to write between 120-150 words for Task 1 and 120-180 for Task 2 CONTENT OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: FIRST on ore rer corn) ern os Question 4 ‘You are given a situation which you need to 2 62-3358 (08-109); a transactional letter compulsory respond toby letter or emall.You maybe given 12158159): oremail ‘some extra information inthe form of notes which ‘formal/informal you need touse in your answer Questions 24 4 You ae given a choice oftopies and you haveto Essays 4 (58-s9); sanartide choose one respond to one of them in the way specified. Informal letters and ‘an informal non- emails (20-2) ‘transactional letter Artes § (70-7); letter or email 2658-159): 2 report Reviews 6 (82-83); sanessay Reports m (46-147) sareview Appications (96-97) sastory ‘Theset book 9 (t20-12); Question 5 stores 3 (44-45); Writing one ofthe wofse-38) above types of task: ‘There isa choice of ‘two set books, with a ‘question on each.Paper 3 Use of English 45 minutes ‘There are four parts to this paper, which tests your grammar and vocabulary. ‘Multiple choice gap-fil, mainly "You must choose which word from four answers asrs3) ‘esting vocabulary ‘completes each of the 12 gaps intext. 2 Open gap-fil testing mainly ‘You must complete a text with 12 gaps. 3 (38-39) grammar 3 Word formation 0 You need to use the right form of a given word tofilthe 2 (26-27) {gaps in a text containing 10 gaps. 4 Keyword transformations 8 ‘You must complete a sentence with a given word, so that (14-15) testing grammar and it means the same asthe fist sentence vocabulary Paper 4 Listening about 40 minutes There are four parts to this paper. Each part is heard twice. The texts are a variety of types with either one speaker or more than one. en eer] eee Multiplechoiee 8 "Yu hear shor unrelated extracts, each about 30 seconds, withether 6 (76-7) ‘one or two speakers, You must cheoseananswe from A.B or. 2 Sentence 0 You hear eter one or two speakers and tis part lasts about 3 minutes. 5 (64-65) completion ‘You must write a word o short phrase to complete the sentences. 3 —-Malliple matching 5 Younear fie unrelated extracts with acommon theme.Eachlasts 7(90-91) about 30 seconds. You must choose the correct answer froma list fs 4 Multiplechoie = 7 You hear ether one or two speakers talking for about 3minutes, 8 102-103) ‘You must choose an answer from A,B orC. Papers Speaking about 14 minutes There are four parts to this paper. There are usually two of you taking the examination and two examiners. This paper tests your accuracy, vocabulary, pronunciation and your ability to communicate and complete the tasks. , The interviewer asks each 3-4 minutes You are asked to give information about yourself. Speaking folder candidate some questions. (462-163) 2 Each candidate tas to the “JF4minutes You have to talk about two pictures and then Speaking folder Interviewer for about 1 minute. ‘comment on the other candidate's pictures. (062-363), 3 Candidates haveto discuss a 3-4minutes You are given some material diagrams, ‘Speaking folder ‘task together pictures, etc. to discuss with the other (062-163), ‘candidate. 4 Candidates offer opinions Sra minutes The interviewer willjoin in with your discussion. Speaking folder telating tothe task they've just (662-163), completed. CONTENT OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: FIRSTAcknowledgements cp snes Qi (EW 9 ach ep Na agi as St aber ame sooo Fs en a Wesco Ut ree far ras Tl Pe Dann) ho (Coy tp enh oon sn De OE ae ‘op ne ober elas eo “esas i ton Ml er ore mt nd on ‘Derderian eee Ses Uareny hen ant arn Dapr er he seeps “esata lta ney cin rn fcr ma an Saperecom ih Nae ieromntom enh srvncevevttcopy ta ‘prominin ona Th aa ney te nh Vay Pal ep p of p ‘Peseta doed un nm tng ‘Senet ti tac ran nga ane ey Pe {2d Camote 0nd ran nice ce ge el Stay Pe spr ie re at enor ‘eget trio wah Co gn et nee eee Fenech tra Co tp) The EET fm nn aay ‘Choi tush ge Cnt oe Cos Socpa neonate ‘itty 3 ams Cone mene ‘srentrene rine er pn ay che mah ‘pe contig Ned ers sy we ot iy oud oy Terentia a en pa irs oe ae ‘hin ot tomas oe © Cambria ey re, Te ia, 0, den Sie he et om ppb iba Fae ambi Univeity ren oth dco oprm Cabie Ac Lr ‘Dison GH. Crpaght © Coney Une Prem re Puig Lined he eve on fp. 11 om PCa 197 Cort © fer atime Gy Sk ete et p19 om waren, era with en os ian adn Moe neh te on p37 fom The Se by int Chan (Heh Handa 198, Pagan ok 00 3) Cope [an Chand 195 and reneed yep Gre he xt of aye Cd, {iby permion fled A Krak son of Rane Hose ne eg Si Spode tet on 40 aed eh es, 19, omen aE regime ne feeb er a Cm Nisin fr tet pt fon ‘vee y Ex ia The a [23 theo p47 ape sig by Pe Sa 19708 rte ‘ten. lapel st by ae ants The 205 reo ‘ada tom King Maton Aen by Ry Shih Sa Te 2% fart np. HS lel os lenge by Chr ac, Th Se 10 {Sens 33 aol aie aly by Sn Tea 20 Cormier Stato ‘ep Mec Group Lita hee 8p Shp with we ‘le sce ya Tomtom The ep, 98 rete on >I apes fom Sunt cane ta of by ch ry The era Sa Caprio eget Mei opted 28831 HC Map re etn. AS lp oo oben le by tae (Gen rien ey Cong © Mage ‘nde Sey Es ening, Co © 152 Eres enange ph revel © Py Mary Hering apie i persis Radon Home oud Sin on Sem Scheme avid Hg Asics fr thet 129 Te Df Ty ‘mat piled by Penge Bk Rta ah oo “Tenlen. 156 Gre Cope ‘he Guar rth eon. 1 ot (ape fm Mead ny ca Che Day [Bn Cc Th are 58 et pte hh Jems Weal Laer Ci Pip heron The nn 5 et) sae Er Mean oo ‘nl ar Ee Coe (dpe em ca ey Shee ‘as by Doon co The Ore a copa Gate New ea ie 2itsaeleae tt ee ape tem ‘Wrearrnebenr er e ‘bk ohne The Cdr S498 Copp Gan Nw a oF 1 Saat het om. 16 aap aH ae mal ron Ronan Wea 16307 capri 01Ne Ssena Worms Wes ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS a Foland ns ett ee nent ees rane erreeceneee erence pe eer ree Fe eats ae eta cuhcinaceee sooo ee so aeeenee S cee fapchcorentstmee ranma eis sce cureemt cee feeetininter nore creoeeeaen Siete rommermeeeaanten! ial treet orn noo Sees reasoner emi aaa Soe eee ee See a ree beameenecty fpogatetionteetsmeccermenner Pegheemerruomeon erate Eectemeet ates ister nec Sopra ce elon meas er Stara came eer ne Eoncheneie erieeee ea e Leet ptf near a ena Prrahacirenoe nator coment Seles mete eae Fesscrae neers neae tee fopeaourimecunichecry cermin, beat eer Foeie Stee etre carecaeat ety toecerenr set nonrcenceaeerione area ence arenes Seamaster arcade ey Sgatta Sareea saraes, SiGe Raesinery macotntad a tates omy ser foresees ad 101: Meanie Feendye Ubigitows Hutchison p. 102 Over Gerhar/ag * Soe creee epee ae Spine at Se ace octane at on ecehmeteeene aoe, (saeco nine ace peers recta foley see eee ae aren poe penen eee S ey Soca wearer Soomoce cree eam Lae ne 13,7 min agp. ae Day 5 Nick Du Sicko fish ape tee Sea Mapp 1 Late Merb >. flan tip 9855, iS EE Rr Pomel Fe Satin pp. Sd 6 Dd Tm 0 eae neath pr ei erence) ‘ou be ara tates gs One peasy nipwacs oddone se ‘Mong roy sar eA ih Po Dy The a ong one NrNew for the third edition of Objective First In this third edition, there are plenty of new texts, pictures and exercises, as well as new audio recordings. The course has been informed by the English Vocabulary Profile (see below), shich guarantees suitable treatment of words, phrases and phrasal verbs at B2 level. A CD-ROM and free website material provide additional support. @EZ English Vocabulary Profile ‘The English Vocabulary Profile is an online resource with detailed and up-to-date information about the words, phrases, phrasal verbs and idioms that learners of English know at each of the six levels of the Common European Framework ~ Al to C2. The authors have used this rich and reliable resource to select vocabulary that is relevant to the B2 level, The course deals systematically with areas of vocabulary development that are important for the Cambridge English: First examination: topic vocabulary, common words with several meanings, phrases and collocations, phrasal verbs and word families. «9 CD-ROM On the CD-ROM there are 96 exercises, eight for each pair of units, giving extra practice in vocabulary, grammar, reading, listening and writing. There are also additional resources for students including downloadable wordlists with and without definitions. Website www.cambridge.org/elt/objectivefirst (On this website you will find a number of useful resources for both students and teachers: a free photocopiable Cambridge English: First Practice Test with audio, and photocopiable unit by unit wordlists. NEW FOR THE THIRD EDITION OF OBJECTIVE FIRST 910 How important is fashion to you? What sort of clothes do you prefer to wear? Do you ever have to wear things you don't rally like? Ifso, when, and why? Talk with a partner. Describe what people in the class are wearing today. Then list topic vocabulary in sets like these. Clothes: suit, sweatshirt, Footwear: boots, sandals, Jewellery: bracelet, earrings, Headgear: hood., helmet, Materials: woelten, Leather, Appearance: casual, smart, Work in pairs. Choose a pair of photos, for example 1a and 1b. Describe what each person is wearing and say something about their appearance. tn the same pairs, compare the two people in your Photos. These examples may help you. The one on the left is younger than the one on the right. This girls clothes are not as stylish as the other one’: This man seems to be less serious than the man in the suit ‘As a class, summarise what you said about the people. UNIT Listening 6 "UBB You will hear some short recordings, where five of the people in the photos talk about what they like ‘to wear. Say who Is speaking in each case. Here is an example. Speaker 1 is the man in photo 3b. Look at his photo as you listen In this transcript of what Speaker 1 says, some ‘words and phrases are highlighted. This is to show that parts of an exam recording may make you think that other answers are possible. This is why you must listen carefully and check when you listen a second time. Tm not a suit man, Even for work, I can get away with casual stuff, though I still like my clothes to look smart. I love shopping ~ my favourite place is Paul Smith in Covent Garden. I bought a realy nice woollen shirt t ntly. Clothes are important to me, but they need to be comfortable as well as stylish NIB Now listen to the other four speakers and match the correct photo to each speaker. Compare answers with someone else when you have finished. Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5Vocabulary Phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs are used in spoken and written English, especially in informal situations, You already know some basic phrasal verbs: for example, you wake up in the morning and put on your clothes. These phrasal verbs are at Al and A2 level. However, the ones you will need to learn at B2 will be harder than these because their meaning will be less obvious. Objective First will give you regular help in learning phrasal verbs. In your vocabulary notebook you can organise them + by topic, e.g. phrasal verbs for Fashion and clothes + by main verb, eg. phrasal verbs with go + by particle (adverb or preposition), e.g. phrasal verbs with out In the recordings there are several examples of phrasal verbs. For example, Speaker 1 says: yen for work, I can get away with casual stuff. Be careful with word order: three-part phrasal verbs like the example are never separated. Two-part phrasal verbs containing an adverb have a flexible word order when used with a noun object, but if the object is a pronoun, it always comes between the verb and the adverb. EXAMPLE: [ tried on the red jacket. /I tried the red jacket on. Liried it on. 7. Usten to Speakers 2-5 again and tick the phrasal verbs you hear. Then match them to definitions 2-i. add to go out save up cut down keep up with slip on dress up pull on stand out fit in with put together take back a be easy to see or notice b create something by joining or combining different things return something wear smarter clothes than usual ‘¢ keep money for something in the future f reduce put something on quickly 1h go somewhere for entertainment i understand something that is changing fast Phrasal verbs with go 8 Complete the sentences with a phrasal verb with {go. Use the correct form of go and an adverb ot preposition from the box. ahead back for got in on over. up EXAMPLE: That new shop has some great swimwear, I went.in.. there ‘yesterday for the first time. The prices of leather bags have nnn alot recently. b Why are you looking at me like that? Wha ¢ The design company... applicant with the best portfolio. Tsun t0 the same shoe shop but there were no more pairs in my size, € You'll need to... __ all the figures in the report to check they're correct. f Can I wear your necklace tonight? = Sule eed 9 Now complete this letter with some of ‘the phrasal verbs from 7. More than one answer may be possible. Dear Tayre , Last nght, Maria, Sally ark 1 8 late back frow werk, 20 Tyst @) some black jeans sn elds ahi relly. (3) ann i ee ar ea gold. Sally (A) eutragecus outfit - red leather shorts, a bright green top and. knee-length beats with stars on. when we got there, thay both 10 What advice would you give the writer? Discuss in pairs. FASHION MATTERSComparison eee 2. These comparison structures are used with adjectives. -erthan more... than the most... the-est less... than the least a Why do we say younger than but less serious than; and the youngest but the most underweight? b Which common adjectives can we either add er/rest to or use more/most with? © What are the spelling rules for forming the comparative and superlative of words like slim and skinny? Check the Grammar folder when you see this: 3 Give the comparative and superlative forms of these adjectives. the brightest 4 Now complete the following sentences by using one of tte adjectives in 3, choosing either the comparative or the superlative form. a fechabriget pone looking a lot... s before. 'b Out of all my friends, Jake wears... Fee _ clothes ~ take his handmade plastic coat, for example! ¢ Dont dress up for the club tonight ~ everyone's looking. nowadays. You can't put those disgusting jeans.on again ~ they're ns Pat TW ever sent € [ma bit worried about Sally. She doesnt eat a thing and so she’s getting... £ My brother has... in tis ever ~ awful designs in really odd colours! g There’ no way you can fit into my shoes ~ your feet are alot... sun than mine! hh Market stalls often offer slightly value for money than shops.5 not as...a5 / not so .. as You used this structure to compare the people in the photos in the last lesson, Now compare these different types of footwear in the same way, choosing suitable adjectives from the ones below to describe them. comfortable elegant practical outrageous EXAMPLE: The high-heeled shoes don't look as comfortable as the flip flops. 6 Identify the comparative adverbs in this short newspaper article and then explain how they are formed. FASHION ‘Counterfeit consumer goods - more commonly known ‘as knock-off’ ~ are imitation goods that are offered for ssale at much lower prices than the genuine products, and they are a big problem for the fashion industry. Knock-offs are now far more readily available than they wore a few years ago, both on the web and on ‘market stalls worldwide. These fake designer goods damage the actual brands in more ways than one, reducing their sales and causing them to be regarded less exclusively, no longer the luxury items they once ‘were. Some people view the matter less seriously, arguing that knock-offs offer a type of free advertising and promotion to the real designer labels. However, ‘there is no getting away from the fact that this is an illegal activity, and the fashion industry is starting to fight back with high-tech solutions that will distinguish the real goods from cheap copies. 7 What do you feel about counterfeit goods? Would you buy them? Why? / Why not? 8 Practise comparison structures by completing the second sentences so that they haveea similar meaning to the fist. Use the word given. © Mary is shorter than her brother. NOT Mary is ....MOT.AS. TALL. AS. 1 These sunglasses cost a bit less than my last pair. WERE These sunglasses than my last pair. her brother. 2. Coco Chanel was an extremely talented designer: MosT Coco Chanel was one of in the world. 3 preferred you with curlier h STRAIGHT I preferred your hair when it wasnit is now. 4 This shoe shop is the cheapest one I've found. EXPENSIVE This shoe shop is all the ones Tve found, Suzanne’ host at the dinner party wasn't as elegantly dressed as she was. MORE At the dinner party, Suzanne was far her host. It takes much less time to travel by train than by LoT Travelling by train travelling by car. “Harry wears smarter clothes now he has a girlfriend, LESS Harry dressed zi he didn’t have a girlfriend. That model is only 17 ~ I thought she was older. AS ‘That model is not I thought FASHION MATTERS 3BExam folder 1 Paper 3 Part 4 Key word transformations In this part of the Use of English paper you are tested on both grammar and vocabulary: There are eight questions and an example at the beginning. You can get up to two marks for each question. 1. Read the Part 4/exam instructions below and then look at the example (0). ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). © Have you got a belt that is cheaper than this one? «first sentence LESS < key word - this never changes Have you got vcnmn than this one? The second sentence must mean the same as the first when it is complete. ‘The gap can be filled by the words ‘a less expensive belt’, so you write: Example: [0] [A LESS EXPENSIVE BELT 1 mark +1 mark Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. 2 Think about what is important in this exam task. What advice would you «give another student about answering Part in the exam? 3 Now read the advice given in the bullet points. Think about how the key word given Is commonly used. rin a me siete ‘© Count the number of words you have used in the gap. You must use not fewer ‘than two and not more than five, including the word in bold. Note that 2 ‘contracted form such as ‘don't’ counts as two words. ‘© Read the completed second sentence to check it means the same 2s the frst. '© Ask yourself whether the words in the gap fit the sentence grammatically. ‘© Transfer your answer (just the words in the gap) to the answer sheet.4 Complete these key word transformations, using the instructions in. 1 ‘A club has just opened in Leeds,’ said Maria to Sally. ..club in Leeds. 2 [returned the dress to the shop because it was badly made. TOOK Because the dress was badly made, | nan 8 Some shops try really hard to help you. EFFORT Some ShOpS FAI enenewnnannninmennnnnencrnenmenern tO hOlp YOU. 4 Fifty years ago, cars were slower than they are nowadays. AS Fifty years 290, CAPS onan = wwe they are nowadays. 5 People wear casual clothes where | work. up People. Re 6 It's a lot easier to learn a language by visiting the country where it's spoken. mucH You can learn a lanquage nnn uum YOU visit the country where it’s spoken. 7 For me, Stella McCartney is doing a lot more interesting work than other designers today. FAR '8 The stall didn’t sell much jewellery because of its high prices. HIGHLY ‘The jewellery on the stall was 50...L Speaking 1 How far do you agree with the following statement? Discuss your ideas. Computer games are anti-social and violent, and their users are mindless nerds. nerd /ns:d/ noun {Cl} informal someone, ‘especially a man, who isnot fashionable and ‘who is interested in boring things *nerdy _adjetive informal boring and not eshionable 2. What are the good things about playing games online? Are there any disadvantages? 3. Inpairs, decide on the five most important features of any computer game, choosing from a-h below. What else do you look for ina virtual game? a fast pace b easy to get into € lots of action 4 puzzles to solve € single- and multi-player modes £ suitable for all ages g great background music hi sophisticated graphics a... Gam spot In Papers, there i lat to readin only one hour. 8y skimming the text (Feading it very quickly, not trying to understand very word but just trying to get a genera idea of what itis about) and scanning it running your eyes overt very quickly, |ust looting for particular words or infarmation) you can find ‘the answers more quickly and effcinty. These are essential skills toleaen. Reading 4 Scanthe 1 online reviews of computer games to answer a-d quickly. Which game a is the cheapest? b gets the best revi € seems the least suitable for adults? 4 has the most impressive soundtrack? Where did you find this information? How much text did you need to read? 16 \ unit2 THE VERD © Makes you yawn at times, but good fun for fans of Westerns, *** £19.99 pee This game’s all about finding po you get by capturing tin weak when you start to turn on household cleaners, and locate the electrically charge an eta oa Ua eet een cats em ers leaving rooms in a very messy state. And th aes eras Cue ere ett ee eee Cen mindlessly breaking stuff ~ your gr THE VERDICT ’A great sense of progression as you go from weak to strong — never thought electricity could be so much funt **** £8.74In groups of four, choose the text to and one bad point, looking ses similar to the ones below. Compare your findings with ot Good points The best thing about Bad points Its a shame that see [OA supersick bikesacer that truly does nt disappoint. ***** £12.50 in as) an ‘young audience ** £9.99 Vocabulary Collocations Vocabulary development beyond topic sets is essential for B2 level. Word formation, phrases, phrasal verbs and collocations are all important areas Learn which words commonly go together ~ nouns after a certain verb, adverbs with adjectives, ete. Some words have a close association, for example bitterly disappointed. Strong, collocations like these are tested in the exam. 6 Read reviews 1: }ouns that go with verbs a Then choose two 1es for each verb from the a solve (review 1) b spend (review 1) ¢ reach (review 2) d take (review 3) advantage conclusion crime fortune goal interest. money problem Tih dtr -mced(e(-ar Transactional letters and emails 1 ‘Question 1 in Paper 2 is compulsory — all exam candidates have to answer it. ‘Transactional’ means that the letter or email has a particular purpose, and will, require further action by its reader, usually in the form of a written response. The letter or email must be based the information given in the question. Examples of wansectwal ners uad Gls ide: wring a school to request details about a language course; complaining to a company about a holiday; replying to a friend about arrangements for a party. The letter or email could be formal or informal. For the examination there is no difference in the way you write a letter or an email 1. Look at the following extracts and decide what the writer is doing in each. (Some may be used twice, while others are not used at all) @ complaining 1 suggesting © correcting information Os a 4 giving information ‘e asking for information have always enjoyed working with aninols and hhave spent every summer working as a riding instructor at a local stable. | ar available for interview from May 29th this year and ( inelude the nanues and addresses of two people wino would be willing to give nue a reference. caieasilaeanatettansneenatnnt eo Gfacconaodance pc hobs od. eer, T think whines Staff especialy these whe Bnd. of ote occasion, qude, 2 Read this example of a Part 1 task. You have just returned from a trip to Florida. ‘You flew there and back with Ocean Air. You decide to write to the airline to complain about your flight. Read the advertisement and the notes you have made. Then write a letter to the airing, Using all your notes. Write your letter in 120-150 words. Do not include any postal addresses. 3. Inpairs, discuss what you are being asked to do. + Do you need to write a formal or an informal letter? How do you know? ‘+ Do you know the name of anyone at the company? How will you begin and end the letter? What kind of tone will your letter take (rude, polite, et.)? + How are you going to organise the letter? For example: how many paragraphs will you need, and what kind of linking words will you use? + Which points do you think are the most important? + Are there any points you think you can leave out? «+ Is theso-apything you thi idea4 With a partner decide what is wrong with the following letter. For example, there are punctuation mistakes, so ais ticked (/).Do the same with b-}. punctuation b paragraphing [] ¢ length [] @ grammar] e vocabulary[_] £ opening and closing phrases(] g content points [_] fh spelling) i tone (level of politeness, formality) [] j linking words[] Dear Six, ‘Lam writing to complain about the ight to Flgrida that 1 ‘made with your afine on 12% June this ere ‘three hours lato boarding the plane. No one was able to tellus why. Another problem was te fight attendant she ‘was very unhelpful had problems with luggage. She told me she was too busy [ian a capeenes ee fiying with your aifine. If you don't send me the money Jmmodiatly, I wil cal my lawyer. Yours faithfully 5 With a partner decide which of these sentences you ‘would use in a formal letter and why. You must remember that your letter must have a ‘positive effect’ on the person reading it. I want you to give me back my money. bb I look forward to hearing from you in the near future, € The food was OK. 4 Thave decided not to ty with your company again. € I would be grateful if you could send me a refund. £ The service was satisfactory. g Ifyou don't do what I tell you, there's going to be trouble. ‘h I would appreciate an apology from your company. i HiSteve! J See you soon, k Dear Sir or Madam 1 And, another thing, I won't fly with you again because it wasn't very comfortable. Abbreviations 6 You will sometimes find abbreviations given in the Part1 task. Decide what the following common abbreviations mean. Use your English-English dictionary to help you. a RSVP g PTO beg h kg, kim ¢ etc. i nos. aNB J max., min. e tel Kk Dr f Sq, Ave, St, Rd ‘Another type of transactional letter or email tasks correcting information, usually from a newspaper article. Look at this task. Write your answer in 120- 150 words in an appropriate style. In the summer you had a job at a work camp in Kirby in England. A friend in Kirby has just sent you this article from the local newspaper. You decide to write an ‘email to the newspaper to correct some of the information in the article. Read the article and the notes you have made. ‘Then, write an email to the newspaper, using all Inyour email you must use grammatically correct sentences with accurate spelling and punctuation in a style appropriate for the situation.Put these adjectives in two groups according to positive and negative meaning. Which two are used with stiff to describe a very strong emotion? anxious content delighted __—frightened. happy petrified pleased _—_ satisfied scared tense terrified thrilled uneasy worried How do the things in the picture make you feel? Use adjectives from to describe your emotions. Vocabulary Collocations - adverbs of degree | Be careful when using adverbs such as absolutely | and very with adjectives. Think about the meaning of the adjective — is it ‘gradable’ or not? | For example, enormous is ungradable, because already contains the meaning of ‘very. very big. 3 Which sentence in a and b is correct? Why? a Tim very happy to see you. / 'm absolutely happy to see you. b Samis very delighted with her present. / Samis absolutely delighted with her present. ‘When combining adverbs like these with adjectives, think whether the adjective already means ‘a lot, 34. \ UNITS 4 Complete the sentences with a suitable adverb from the box. More than one answer is possible. absolutely completely extremely really totally very a Sally was astonished to hear that she had won the competition. b Ashe entered the dark, empty flat, Alex felt uneasy. Simon's father sounded his son's achievements. arrived late for the film and James was furious with me! € Martin gets irritated by people asking him the same questions time after time: f Twas relieved to find out I didn't have to pay the bill after al, proud of @pus spot ig ofan bette in eae aoe Sbohtey NOT abotty completly NOT comity extremely NOT extrearnly totally NOT totalyListening 5 (UH Usten to this recording, where a man is talking about something frightening that happened to him. Say where tthe man was and how long he spent there, — ‘Now listen again and describe in detail what happened to the ‘man. Use these questions to help you. 1 Why was he in the building? 2. What time of day was it? 3 Which two things did he try todo? 4. Why was he there for so long? 6 Here isthe question for the extract you have just heard. 1 You hear a man talking about something frightening that happened to him. What was his first reaction? A He sat down and cried. B He decided to call for help. C He tried to keep calm. All three options are mentioned in the extract. Listening out for sequence words - that is, words which tell you what happened when - will help you to decide what his first reaction was. Listen again and note down any sequence words and phrases. ‘Which one signals the answer? (9M Before you listen to extracts 2-8, read these questions. Think about. the words in bold and what to listen out for. Then listen and answer the questions. 2. You hear a man talking about how to deal with fear, Who is he? Aan ex-teacher B anex-pilot Can ex-actor 3 You hear a woman talking to her son on the phone. Hlow does she feel? A furious B anxious C relieved 4 You hear a woman talking about something that happened in her home. When was she most scared? A when she heard a burglar upstairs B while she was watching a horror film C when she suddenly saw a frog 5 You hear a man leaving a phone message. Why is he proud of his daughter? A because she is going to have a book published B because she has won a writing competition C because she is doing so well at university 6 You hear a woman describing what happened to her on a journey. Where did she end up that night? A ona country road hospital C ather house 7 You hear a man being interviewed about a sailing accident. What was the worst part of his experience? A being cold B feeling hungry C avoiding sharks 8 You hear a woman talking on the radio about an incident abroad. ‘Why was she able to escape? ‘A She was by the door. B She wasnt noticed. She had a radio. How much can you remember about the last account? Discuss with 2 partner what happened and note down everything in the order it happened. Then listen to extract 8 to check your notes.Review of past tenses 1 Look at examples a-j, which come from the listening in 53. Decide which tenses they contain. Where there are two different tenses in the same sentence, lst both. past simple (es) past continuous (Pc) present perfect tense (P) Past perfect tense (PP) ‘a TW had this interview for a job. 'b 1 got in the lift and pressed the button. € T've never been in one since. Iwas watching a horror movie. € It was the next door neighbour’ cat I had heard. £ While T was putting away the books, I found something else. & The others were looking at a map on the table, but I ‘was standing by the back window. h I knew they hadrtt seen me. i When I realised that they had gone, I ran inside. j You have recently sailed around the world. Look again at the examples containing two different tenses. Can you explain why each tense is used? Think ‘about when each action happened. Past simple / Past continuous ‘The most important difference between these two tenses is the duration of an action. For example, in example f above, the past continuous describes an action that happened over a longer time period than the second action, which happened at a specific ‘moment and may have interrupted the longer continuous activit sia ee, While Iwas putting away the books something else Like the present continuous tense, the past continuous is used to describe temporary situations, 4s in example d. Tfound x Twas watching a movie... I turned off the TV. Note that this use can be an effective way of setting the scene at the beginning ofa story, asin example g. x The others were looking at a map ... About six of them burst in, 36 uNiTs 2 Complete this text using the verbs in brackets in ‘either the past simple or past continuous tense. Quite late one evening I (1) (walk) home alone from college. The wind Q) (blow) hard and it ) nnn (pOUF) With rain, so there 4) (be) no one around. ‘Anyway, this big black van (8)... (rive) past me and (6)... (stop), just where the road (7). (curve) round. 1 (8) an non to goon, though 1(9) increasingly uneasy. However, as soon as I Gio), (get) close to the van, ft (11) (tive) off. This a2) _ wwe (happen) twice more further down the same road. Each time, the van (13) sam (Pull up) about fifty metres ahead of me and then (4) (wait) until [almost (as) (draw) level with it, then (16) _-» (pull away) again. By this stage (17)... (be) absolutely petrified. So (18). (stand) for a moment under a tree, The rain (19) _______.... (come down) in torrents mow. 1 (20) en (shake) and @1) (wonder) what to do next, when a policeman (22) _ (Come) past. He (23)... his bike because of the heavy rain. 1 (push) 4)... _-. (grab) him by the arm and (25) (make) him stop. ‘Then I completely (26)... (go) to pieces. While he (27) (ty) to calm me down, I (28)... se (hear) the van drive off, thankfully forthe last time. I've never walked home on my own since. Past simple / Past perfect, ‘The past perfect is used for actions in the past that occur earlier than the time period that is being described, as in example i: When I realised they had gone, I ran inside,Complete these sentences with the verbs in brackets in either the past simple or past perfect tense. a We (spend) the last three nights shivering in a tent in the middle of nowhere, so we were really pleased when we (get) to the hotel b Jenny (tell) us in great detail what (happen) to her and (explain) why she (find) it so scary at the house. cl (keep) still for over half an hour and I (think) it (be) safe at last to come out of my hiding place. Look at this set of four pictures from an action story. Describe what happened in each scene, starting with tthe last one (4), and making reference back to what had happened earlier. Remember to use a range of past tenses. Read this extract from the thriller The Big Sleep, ignoring the gaps for the moment. Why do you think the man telling the story wasn’t frightened of the gun? Turn to page 47 to find out if you are right! The gun pointed at my chest, Her hand seemed to (0) .BE.. quite steady. [laughed (1) her. 1 started to walk towards her. I saw her small finger tighten on (2) trigger and grow white at the tip. was about six feet away from her (3) she started to shoot. The sound (4) the gun made a sharp slap, a brittle crack in the sunlight. I didn’t see any smoke. I stopped again 6) grinned at her. She fired twice more, very quickly. 1 don’t think © of the shots would have missed There were five in the little gun. She (7) bs fired four. I rushed her. I didn’t want the last one in my face, (8)... I swerved to one side. She gave it to me quite carefully, (9) worried at all, I straightened up. ‘My, but you're cute,” I said Her hand (10) holding the empty gun and began to shake violently. The gun fell out of il) Her mouth began to shake, Then her whole face (12) _.. 1 pieces. Now fill each gap, choosing a suitable word from the box below. There are three words you do not need. and any at be because it had hi not of so some the was Can you put these words into grammatical categories? For example, and is a conjunction. These words are typical of the kinds of words that are tested in Paper 3 Part 2Exam folder 3 Paper 3 Part 2 Open cloze ‘In this part of the Use of English paper you are asked to complete a text ‘containing 12 gaps. You must write only one word in each gap. The missing word is usually a grammar word, but occasionally, vocabulary is tested. There is an example at the beginning, You must write your answers in CAPITAL letters. 1 Here are some examples of what is tested in Paper 3 Part 2. Complete each sentence with one word. @ Quantifiers ~ many, every, each, etc. There were only a... people at the 200 yesterday. b Collocations ~ set an example, change the subject, be in favour of, etc Texpect you t0........ Your promise to tidy your room. ¢ Determiners - a, some, the, etc. {ve lived in ___.. USA for some years now. Modals - would, should, need, etc. You absolutely... not use this path through the valley ~ its dangerous. € Verb forms - done, taking, see, etc. Hes ‘working on his homework for two hours now. £ Phrasal verbs - give up, carry on, make out, etc. Susie has taken ........ photography. 8 Pronouns - me, it, that, etc Tom hurt. ...n While playing football - he had to go to hospital. h Relative pronouns ~ where, what, which, etc. ‘My wife, is Brazilian, works in the university. 4. Comparison - more than, one of the worst, etc. Suzanne has twice as... clothes as I do. j Linkers - if, although, before, etc. ‘You wont lose weight ..... you go on a diet. k Prepositions ~ on, by, in, et. According... the website, all flights to Berlin are delayed this morning, EXAM ADVICE ‘© Look at the title so you have some Idea what the text Is about. The title is there to help you. ‘© Read the whole text through carefully before you decide onan answer. ‘© Always write something dawn, even if you are not sure of the right answer. ‘© The word you write MUST be spelt correctiy. ‘© Check whether the word you need should be singular or plural, past or present, etc. ‘© Make sure thatthe word you write makes sens inthe sentence and text. 3 SSG lat rst Suse to an aa Sheet. Mahe ine you trae ct tae nett2. Read this text through and then choose the best title from the three below. 1 DON’T TAKE THE RISK! 2 NOTHING TO WORRY ABOUT 3 BALANCING THE RISKS For questions 1-12, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ‘one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Example: [0] [0 |W” What are the chances of slipping (0).........@ banana skin, being hit by lightning or being struck by a meteorite? These are not the sort of unlucky events that most people . their time thinking about, 2)... one has already happened to them. _ surprising number of people have, (4)... some time in their lives, imagined aliens kidnapping them. Some even have recurring nightmares about it, whereas relatively (6)... are afraid of dying from flu, even (6)........ itis something that is more likely to happen. No doubt many people who go rock climbing will be among the people drinking bottled water on the grounds that itis safer (7)........ drinking tap water. “Amazingly, our fear of flying outweighs our fear of driving, but the statistics show that going by plane is so (8)... safer, The best explanation is that people worry more about the possibility of dropping (0)... ofthe air than of crashing on land. scientists have constructed a scale of risk (11)........ they can use to compare any new and unfamiliar risks, (12)........ 88 those involvad in taking new medicines, in terms of real events.0.1 Reading 1__fyou suddenly became famous, how would you feel? What would be the advantages of achieving instant success? Would there be any drawbacks? 2_ Read the headline and the first paragraph of the article. Why has this gil become famous? 3. Now read the whole text, paying attention to the highlighted parts ‘around gaps 1-7. These give you content clues for the missing sentences. British student, 19, becomes instant superstar in China ‘NTIL RECENTLY, her greatest showbusiness moment had been winning £85 in the Undiscovered ‘Youth Talent Contest in the small town of Stroud in Gloucestershire, close to her family home. But now, Mary-ess Leaverand has found fame in China ovemight, following her appearance in a regional TV talent show there. [TJ Indeed, thanks to YouTube, she i being talked about 1 just by hor fiends at home but the whole world over, and has appeared in TV imerviews to discuss her story. ‘The 19-year-old exchange student won Jiangsu province's equivalent of The X Factor show by singing in Mandarin. And although there are no million-pound record deals on offer as yet, she is discovering what life is like asa superstar, [2] —_] She claims to be enjoying this new-found celebrity status. ‘tis really strange, but nice, she said. “It was the most exciting thing [ have ever done in my life. My friends think it is cool because they just know me as me.” “Mary-Jess, who is Buent in Mandarin and Italian, is studying fora degree in Chinese and Musie. [3] —] Shortly after she arrived in the country, she took part in a small singing competition for foreigners, which she won, It was through this event that she was talen-spotted forthe show Min Xing Chang Fan Tan (the name translates 08 F Wao Sing to the Stars) The show's producers were so impressed by her performance that they invited her to audition. Min Xing Chang Fan Tian i live competition on Chinese television, though its broadcast only in Fangsu province, [4] —] The show follows a similar format The X Factor and has judging panel of three experts, These are drawn from local record executives and songwriters, Mary-Jess won first place on Min Xing Chang Fan Tian. To reach the finals, she bad sung the Puccini aria © Mio Babbino Caro before performing Sarah Brightman’s Time To Say Goodbye. [S]_]Her winning performance in Mandarin was Yue Guang Ai Ren (Moonlight Lovers, the theme tune to the hit film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. ‘I was the only foreign person inthe finals and I still can’t believe I She was rewarded witha cash prize of around £3,000, as well as gaining a trophy and a CD recording of| —— Gem spot In Paper Part 2, you will have to type of text has a clear development of ideas. You should look out for words that refer back and forwards inthe text, suchas it and this, a5 well as references to specific content. This ‘will help you to it the text together. hers [ET] “11 hadnt won, 1 ‘wouldn't have Been abe to come home | for Christmas because I wouldn't ! have been able to afford the fight” said Mary-Iess, who has a 17-year-old ! sistor, Cher ! According to Mary-Jess, her singing talent is part ofa family tition, [ZT _]*ste was a rat inspiration ‘but my mum is my main inspiration. We even sing together in a duo when {am home.” For obvious reasons, her mother Liz was unable to watch : her daughter triumptr I would have loved tobe there but I saw some of ! the videos and seeing Mary~Jss inthe limousine and onthe red carpet was amazing.’ she sad. “'m just s0 proud ‘offer and hope she can continue inthe industry” 40 \ unit 64 Now use the highlighted words in A-H to help you decide where each sentence fits. Remember that one sentence is not needed. A] As part of her course, she has been spending a year in Jiangsu province (ED rire te omg atid wa her igi g “best in show’ ttle in Britain. Although it pales into insignificance beside the amounts involved in The X Factor, this sum was still very wel D] She has really missed her fam riends though. E]} However, itis no small-scale eve population of 70 million. © tex @ a8 the region has ther was a semi-professional ‘opera singer. People keep on stopping the singing sensation in the street to ask fo ver [shes also mace tne edlne back in Bitsin. 5 Would you have taken part in the competition? Why? / Why not? Vocabulary Phrasal verbs with keep 6 The verb keep occurs in many phrasal verbs, as inthis ‘example from the article. People keep on stopping her in the street. Match definitions a-f to the correct phrasal verb. One is used twice with different meanings. Keep away keep down keep in keep to _ keep up with ‘a stop the number, level or size of something from increasing make someone stay in hospital understand something that is changing very fast stay with something such as a plan, subject, path move at the same speed as someone or something not go somewhere or near something 7. Usea phrasal verb with keep in the correct tense to complete a-h, adding a pronoun if necessary. Professor Grant’ lectures would be much the point! British news when nenee © We generally from the city centre during the day as it’s so crowded. Sally swims so fast! I never manage to. ‘€ Mark had the operation on Saturday but they're ... for more tests. £ Its easy to get lost on the mountain, so make sure you nu the path, g IfBen time at the meeting, well be finished by three. hh My weight... ..... increasing ~ I have to exercise to ~ Word formation 8 Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the numbered gap. FASCINATING . 0 FASCINATE 6 PERSON 1 POSSIBLE 7 UNDERSTAND 2 ARGUE 8 SCIENCE 3 REAL 9 SUCCESS 4 LIFE 10 HUNT 5 ENDConditionals with if 1. ABM You are going to listen to four short extracts, where people talk about winning the lottery. How would their lives change if they won? Explain what the contracted verb forms are in these examples of conditional sentences. How do the sentences differ in their use of tenses? a IfIwon the lottery, 1d buy a beautiful house in Spain. b If hadntt won, I wouldr't have been able to afford the flight. Which types of conditional sentences are a and b? Choose from 0-3. 0 a situation that happens often 1 asituation that may happe future 2. a situation that is unlikely to happen 3 a situation that could have happened in the past, but didn't 3. Match the two halves of each sentence. a Ifyou did more revision, .. b fit snows, ... ¢ IfThave time, ... d If Helen comes round, € If there had been a vote, .. f Ifthey finish early, .. g Ifyou swam regularly, . hh Ifa known about the ri 1 welll get our skis out. 2 shell be able to tell you. 3 Sam and Bernie usually have a coffee. 4 youl pass the exam, 5 Ta never have eaten seafood. 6 they would have lost. 7 like to walk to work. 8 your body would be in better shape the UNIT 6 Conditionals with unless 4. Read these examples and explain the meaning of unless. a Well miss the start of the match unless Juan arrives soon, b Unless you've already got tickets, you wont be able to get in. 5. There are eight mistakes with tenses in this story. Correct the mistakes and fill the gaps with ifor unless. Examples have been done for you. hadn't ‘este ns or 025 ay (0). Mama ag, tins \woulent have been so atfout. The tings, never eve to work (1) ean itS raring, Butt wes pouring and | needed to get to ‘an irportant meeting, £0 | 100k the ca. hbrkKe dawn on ihe way. Q)_____.. had it seniced regulary, | know it worite 80 Lurrelable, but garaoes charge so much these days that | ont bother. | decided to cal he breskown comoany on ry mabe fone. Wel, {would reve done thet (3)... my mobile hart 1ury Out (of battery! Never ming, hough, (4) meen RC @/puBIC = (phone, Il be able to call rom there (5) ‘ twa, 80 | cart! By tis te, | was in a panic. What wl my bss sy (6) dirt get to the MeetAg? (7) mamerionnn people dont ave on tm, he wil got realy arigry wih ther Lucky, ‘tex puled up. ‘Mason Square, | shouted, ‘td (8) annum "YOU wil do the journey in under ten minutes, fl ay you dc ‘Forget said the cive. The cante of town's wrcioekect Yo ‘never gat there inten minutes (9) ue YOU Wen BY hefeooter Silaceatbiae es fota ee6. Talktto.a partner. Take it in turns to finish these sentences. Then tell the class what your friend said Unless I get up carly tomorrow, b If Thad enough money, © My life would be alot easier if 4 IfThadnt come to class today, Vocabulary Word formation ——_- Gem spot Sneape3 Pr es oa Yo fa es Ina text, choosing fom ets of four words All four words ‘ll be the same pat of speech and the twelve questions will Aa are oe atone Pane eee ee ee 7. Look at the words in the box. They form four sets and all four words in a set have a similar meaning. ‘Can you group them into the four categories in the table? Be careful: some words can be more than one part of speech. Think carefully about their meanings ‘when you decide which category to put them into, accepted attempt by delicate experiment ] gathered gentle in light on received — | tiny to trial_try welcomed | co Ver Prepositions 8 Now read the short newspaper article below. There are four gaps in it. Decide which part of Could it possibly be YOU? Camelot is to make a final (1) Speaking 9 Discuss these questions. Should lottery winners receive so much publicity? b What are the pros and cons of winning the lottery? ¢ Ifyou won the jackpot, would you go public? Useful language As Ise it To my mind . For one thing For another (thing) On the one hand On the other (hand) The main advantage is One drawback is w today to track speech is required in each gap. Then choose the correct option tofil each cone from your four sets of words down the winner of an unclaimed £2.1 million jackpot prize. AQ) _.. Aircraft will ly over Hull trailing the banner: ‘£2 million winner - is it you?’ for two hours at lunchtime, ‘The city became the focus of attention after a local newspaper @) z, ‘an unsigned letter from an elderly local widow saying she did not want the prize. Her reason was that ‘the fuss would finish me off. Ifthe money is not claimed (4) 11 pit will go into the lottery’s ‘good causes’ fund, Pe wey ae omen thes WHAT IF? (>Writing folder 3 In Paper 2 Part 2, you may be asked to write a short story. The first or last sentence of the story is given in the question and you ‘must remember to include this. Make sure that the story you write fits with the sentence. 1. Lookat these two questions. Discuss with a partner what tenses you ‘would need to use in each story fa You have been asked to write a short story for your college magazine. The story must begin with the following ‘sentence: It he hadin't answered the phone, it would have been just another ordinary day. b You have decided to enter a short story competition. ‘The rules say that the story must end with the following sentence: ‘Suddenly, he woke up and realised it had been a nightmare. 2. Now read this sample answer, which works for both questions. Say Which past tenses have been used. You can ignore the underlined words and gaps for the moment. Hf he hadn't answered. the phone, ib would. have. been just another ordinary day. But he had. lifted the receiver and had. heard. the nens that tured his life upside down. His girlfriend, had been taken hostage and her kidnappers were demanding $1,000,000. He was in shock but he still moved fast. He found his father's gun and (1) went. out of the flat. A bus was pulling away and he managed to jump on. He travelled. downtown to the city’s biggest bark. As he (2) wert. in through the glass doors, people looked. at him 8) connate Then someone noticed, the gun and. screamed. ‘If you don't move, you won't get hurt,’ he shouted. “| want o milion dallas, now. Hand. it They stuffed the cash from the safe in a bag. He grabbed. it, left the building and headed for the river, where the kidnappers were waiting. He ran and. ran, endlessly, but the river got further and. further away. He was crying now. Suddenly, he wieke up and realised it had been a vighimare, 3 Look at numbers and 2 in the sample answer. To get a good mark in the exam, you need to use a range of vocabulary. Choose suitable words to replace went from the sets below. 1 A rushed B shuddered C hammered D crashed 2 A carried B threw C burst D turned Now, with a partner, choose the most suitable adverbs for gaps 3-5, from the ones below. Use each adverb once only. anxiously desperately nervously suspiciously tragically wildly EXAM ADVICE Read the 1 Read teen sane caretly Decide whether the story needs to be written inthe fist person itwe “= miylout ofthe third person (he Sheitrtey ~ hisherttstthen. ‘© Be careful to spell ary names in the given sentence correctly. '© Make some quick notes, to pan the ‘order of evetsin your stony. 8 Usethe vee make the sequence ez: «check your speling of aves and past tense forms of regular verbs. «Include a definite ending to your story.4 Look at the picture sequence below and re-arrange sentences a-iin the order of the pictures. Then include suitable sentence openers from 1-6 where needed. There is one extra opener you do not need. ne ne iz a... acrowd of people had gathered and were watching her anxiously as she struggled to reach the bank. b ... she heard someone whimpering below her and when she looked down from the bridge, she saw a small boy in the deepest part of the river, waving his arms helplessly. «she thought he was dead but when he coughed and his legs started to move, she knew she had saved his life. 4 It was a fast-flowing river and she had to swim harder than she had ever swum before, to get to him before it was too late. € As Jean walked towards the bridge, she was thinking of all the things she could do now that the school holidays had arrived. £ Although he was panicking, she was able to grab him and she started to pull him back to the bank. § Itwas a beautiful summer's day, the sun was shining and the birds were singing, hr... she jumped off the bridge and dived into the rushing water, i... she managed it and threw both herself and the boy onto the ‘warm grass. 1 Eventually 2 Suddenly 3 Without a second thought 4 Bynow 5 Atfirst 6 Last but not least 5 Now do this writing task. ‘You have decided to enter a short story competition. The rules say that the story must begin with the following sentence: ‘As soon as he got out of the car, Martin felt uneasy. Write your story in 120-180 words. Spend a few minutes noting down ideas for your story and then discuss your notes with a partner. Suggest how your partner's story could be improved. Then list relevant vocabulary you could both use, including a range of verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Write your story, being careful to include the given sentence accurately and where you are told to. After you have written yourstory, remember to check the spelling, punctuation and grammar.Units 1-6 Revision Topic review 1. Together with a partner, read these sentences and discuss which ae true for you, giving more details. Try to use as much ofthe vocabulary and language as you can from the units you have just studied. ‘a [always get out of bed early in the morning. b IfThad some money, the first thing I would buy isa fast car, € Tm worse at English than Iam at Maths. d Tim always getting into trouble for forgetting things. ¢ T'm not afraid of anything! £ I think I'm broad-minded. g [must try to work harder. hi Tike to follow fashion. i Books interest me more than computer games. j Beach holidays are not for me. Grammar 2. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. ‘There is an example at the beginning (0). ‘Most (0) .OF us go alittle crazy when we jet off (1) nu. holiday, but some, it would seem, go completely mad. They see giant rats eating through their luggage and even lose their mother in-law in (2) back of stolen caravan. So says WorldCover Direct, the holiday insurer These are USt (3) nmin fhe dloims the company (4) __.Feceived in the past 12 months. ‘director said,“One of our policyholders skied into tree (8) sn.n he Was on holiday and made a claim for injuries. What he didnt mention was that he (6)... blind and in the process of testing a new radar system for blind skiers! But what (7) you were in the Mediterranean jn August and had had (8)... -san-ouMuch sun? Take dip inthe pool, st inthe shade fr a while -or phone yourholiday insurance company requesting repatriation (9).........-..youwere feeling abit hot? One holiday maker, (10).. _ was in Spain, cid justthat. Another policyholder made a claim because he and (11)... wife had missed their fight. He filed to mention that she was prevented (12)... boarding because she had a baby pg in her hand luggage! 46 \\ units 1-6 Phrasal verbs 3. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb. up a If Elizabeth had been able to... up just a little more money, she would have bought a faster computer. b Every time I go shopping for clothes, I find that PRICES AVE ene UP Yet again. © Come just as you are, there’ really no need to up. Sara was walking so fast that I couldn't up with her. When you manage to find his address, me up and let me know what itis. our f Tourist guides often carry umbrellas so that they ‘out in a crowd, g Sheila decided to... out of the hotel a bit early so she wouldn't miss her plane. h ‘Tdontt know how you can out looking like that; Sue's mother said i I'mnot sure [can ‘out how to play this computer game, Now look at these mixed examples and replace the verb or phrase in italics with a phrasal verb or compound noun. j_ If you want to look good in that outfit, you'll have to reduce the amount of chocolate you eat. k We spent some time in Singapore on our way to Sydney. I Treally hate shops that make you feel guilty when you return clothes that shrink in the wash or fall to pieces. m We decided to start the journey to the castle at midnight, in the hope of seeing the ghost. 1 The policeman told them not to go near the edge of the cliff, © My friend had to spend about two hours waiting in the plane for it to leave.Revision of present and past tenses 4 Read through this text and put the verbs in the correct tense. ‘The slatsies on the softy of fling (1)... immensely comforting. I (2)... chances of being involved in an accident (3) (BE) a millon to one ~ the equivalent of Rying safely every day for 95 years. Ty telling that to the whitefaced, petrified aerophabic, whe (4) “wm (SEE) every frown on a stewardess’s foce 3 a portent of disaster. Far some years now, psychologist Heriry Jones (5)... [TRY] to tell them, and he (0) ceeernnnns (DO) 0 Fok move besides. He (7) annnnrn [DEVELOP) both 0 theory and proctice for eating air kavel anxiety. Apparenly, it 8)... (BE) @ widespread phobio. One American | (PUT) it as the fourth most common fear, preceded only by snakes, heights ond _ [HAVE] nearly 500 clients during the lst decade. Before they ~~ [COME} 10 him, some of his cients (12) inever FY, hers | (TAKE) over igh Then, one day, on a fight to Chicago the pilot (16). to turn back because of an engine fault, The mean then (17) warn (18) (OVERCOME) his fears and (20)... ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between ‘wo and five words, including the word given. 1. Andrea said she would only go dancing if her mother bought her a new outfit. UNLESS Andrea said she her mother bought her a new out. 2 Thave never seen such a terrible film before. WORST This is the . seen. 3 I'm sorry I didn't meet you at the airport ~ my ‘car wasnit working. MET Tee atthe airport if my car had been working. 4 This party is evening dress’ only. ALLOWED el dress casually for this party. (HAVE) just one bod experience after years of fying. One man (14)... s.a year for five years ond (15)... nu: {TRY] 10 get off he plone in mid-air. Ater jones’ course, the man (19)... _. (never WORRY) up sil hen. (ANNOUNCE) that hey were going su (HAVE) 0 paig atlack and 5 I'm not as frightened of flying as I am of ghosts! THAN Leese Tam of flying. 6 It was a mistake for me to buy you that computer game. BOUGHT I that computer game. 7 The play started before we could get there. HAD ‘The play s pcs. o ‘when we got there. 8 I need to wear glasses to drive. SEE Tean't my glasses. 5.2 exercise 5 ee eet Nip hcl cement oe She fired them all at me. From a distance of five or a : Ch itl thingie set no Bad ha ed the gun with blanks! revision (aGerunds and infinitives 1 1. Identify the equipment in pictures ao, and name each sport. With a partner ask and answer these questions. a What sports do you really enjoy watching? b Isthere a sportsperson or team who you particularly like watching? © Which sport can't you stand watching? Which sports have you either taken up or given up recently? Which do you prefer — watching a sport live or watching it on TV? f Are there any sports you like doing on holiday? 3. Agerund, which is a verb used as a noun, always ends in -ing, but not all «ing forms are gerunds. An -ing form might be a present participle or an adjective. What is the -ing form in these sentences? @ [pulled on the climbing rope to show Tyas safe. b Anna was running along the track when she tripped and fell. ¢ Snowboarding is a very popular sport. 4 Look at these sentences: 1 Lenjoy going swimming. 2. After learning to ice skate, I'm going to learn to play ice hockey. 3 Iwant to take up rowing, 4 Climbing is a fairly safe sport nowadays. 5 Its not worth going to watch our local football team because they always lose! Find an example of a gerund above which: a follows a preposition. b is the subject of the sentence. € follows an expression. 4 follows a verb. € follows a phrasal verb. UNIT] When we put a verb after a preposition, we usually use a gerund. Complete the following sentences with a preposition and one of the verbs in the box. do drop get learn play swim teach She was doubtful to the training session on time. b Steve is very proud to scuba dive so quickly. ¢ T've been very successful the children to ride, their bikes. 4 The boy was in trouble hhis muddy sports clothes on the changing room floor. © TDF eVE nnn SME exercise every day in order to keep healthy. £ You dontt have to be good. g I'm looking forward . tomorrow's match. ..to enjoy it. against him again in6 Infinitives are forms like (to) do, (to) say. They are usually used with ‘to’, but not always. —~ Look lowing ser whic} show ‘common yses of itive. 1 Tm going to the pool to have my swimming lesson. 2 I want to enrol for netball practice next term, 3 They are unlikely to hold the Olympics in Cambridge. 4 They let me do the judo classes even though I had never done judo before. $ You must not run with the ball in some sports. 6 We encouraged them fo run faster by cheering loudly. Now say which of the infinitives above: a follows an adjective. b follows a modal auxiliary. ¢ follows a main verb. d is used to express purpose. e has an infinitive without ‘to. f follows the object of a verb. 7. Read through this email and put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. Give your reasons. ‘Yo. Jil Campbell ce Subject: [Trip to Mont Blanc) Deer Ji, {ve just got back from (1)... nnn (lib) Mont Blane inthe Alps and | must (2) cn ~ tel) you what a great timo | had. On 8) erie rive) in Chamonix we were introduced to our audes, We wore then kited out wh e-axes, crampons and climbing boots and were sent straight outnto two days (4) ain) in and around tha La Tour lacie. The guides uted tis time (5) (assess) cur abity (6). (rake) the ascent and ) ._ (teach) of (8)... (mountaineer), such as how (9)... (use) an ice-axe and how best (10) seve (WOFK) iN team. “The first day consisted of (11) _.._._.... (limb) for five hours: from the Nid Agito the Gouter Hut | thought be oo cold (12) lee) bu in fat that wast problem at al ‘ay 2stared at 2am wih four and a half our walt the summit (13). = (reach) the summit was only a third of the day's: ‘work. The descent route included (14) __.. be -.. Gump) across: {9298 inthe ica and took seven hours. ''m really looking forward to (15) ww~n (800) YOU net waekend so I can (16) so (tl) you al the details. Love, Sue 8 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1 The newspapers said that Pete had pushed the other player. ACCUSED The newspapers... athe other player. 2 The pitch isnt dry enough to play on. TOO ‘The pitch... = ~play on. 3 Itwastit easy for me to learn how to paraglide. DIFFICULTY Te _... how to paraglide. 4 ‘Lwouldnt go diving by yourself, if I were you; the instructor said. ADVISED The instructor... nse diving by myself 5 [prefer to go on walking holidays than lie on crowded beach. RATHER ‘walking holidays than lie on a LIFE’S TOO SHORT fSpeaking 1 Discuss these questions with a partner. | ‘a Which sports would you consider to be extreme or dangerous? Why? b Have you ever tried or watched a dangerous sport? What was it? —— Gem spot Paper 4 Part 3 consists of si questions and five short extracts linked by a there, You ned to match ‘each extract to one of six o A~F. There is one extra option that you donot Listening 2 UB Listen to this extract, where a woman is talking about a sport she has recently taken up. As you listen, try to work out what the sport is. What clues did you hear? 3 UE Now you're going to hear the frst speaker again and also four other people talking about dangerous sports. For quest 15, choose from the lst of statements A-F what each speaker states. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use. Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5 bile A Like to set myself challenges. B T've always enjoyed taking risks. C It’s not as dangerous as some ordinary sports. D Knowing I might be killed makes it more enjoyable. E It puts some excitement in my life. F I wanted to prove to everyone that I could do it. 4 What dangerous sports do the speakers mention? Are they popular in your country? Vocabulary Collocations — sports 5 Match the sports (A) with the correct verb (8) and the place where the sport takes place (C). A B c aerobics snowboarding do_—pitch_— course martial arts golf play court track swimming running go stadium studio athletics football gym pool basketball gymnastics piste 6 Decide which is the correct word in each sentence and explain the meaning of the other word to your partner. a Sally had only done three marathons / laps of the stadium before she fel. bb The spectators / defenders all cheered when their team won, € The football umpire / referee sent two players off during the game. In the French Open tennis final they had only completed two sets / penalties before rain stopped play. € A midfield player scored a goa! / shot just before half-time, Expressions with do 7 Speaker sin the Listening said ‘I did my best’. Here are some ‘other expressions with do. Complete the sentences below, putting do into the correct tense. ‘do damage ‘do business with someone cdo a good job ddo something for a living do without do someone & favour 4 T've always found that they are a very good company to b What does your father z © The engineers = _.-» on building the new stadium. 4 The fire alot of to the sports hall. € Ta forgotten my wallet, so Mark and lent me some money. £ The players always for the team and that’s why they win. & One thing I cantt is my bicycle — Luse itall the time,8 Askand answer the following questions with a partner. ‘a What couldn't you do without? 'b What do you do / would you like to do for a living? ‘¢ When was the last time you did someone a favour? 4 Do you always do your best? Why? / Why not? Word formation 9 Use the word in brackets to form a word that fits in the gap. With some personal fitness trainers charging as much as £150 an hour, it’s not surprising that only the rich and @)... ux (FAME) can afford the kind of ‘one-to-one that Will (2) ..-nyomnnsnmnw- (SURE) they work out enough to stay in shape. However, the idea that they are only for the elite is about to be shattered by Get Motivated, a new London-based company that charges just £25 for an hour with oe (FULL) qualified trainer. | decided to put this scheme to the test and asked Get Motivated to send a personal trainer to my home for a (4) (TRAIN) session. When 23-year-old Stephanie arrived, | was initially (3) 4 (CERTAIN) about her as she seemed so young, but what followed was very ©... ..-- (DEMAND) hour. Stephanie grew up in Australia and has a degree in Human 2) (MOVE) Studies and 2 diploma in (8). ~_.. (EDUCATE) ~ the minimum (QUALIFY) Get Motivated requires. Stephanie says that what appeals most to her about the GM scheme is that it gives her the (10). (FREE) to design her own sessions for clients. Do you think it would be useful to have a personal trainer? Why? / Why not? Look at the five pictures of sports facilities. Imagine that your town is going to build one of them. First, talk about how popular/useful these sports facilities would be. Then decide which one ‘would be best for the people in your town, Below are some useful phrases. Being pi OK, where shall we start? What do you think? Hesitating Well, um, I'm not sure Wel, let me see .. Asking for repetition Tm sorry, could you say that again? Could you repeat that, please? ‘Making things clear What I mean is, What I'm trying to say is, .. Giving a different view Well itis true that. but Of course, Concluding So, let's come to a decision, Right, what we've decided is that LIFE’S TOO SHORT (>Exam folder 4 Paper 3 Part1 Multiple choice cloze In this part of the Use of English paper you must choose one word or phrase from a set of four (A, B,C or D) to fill a gap in the text. There are twelve gaps and an example. The text | | always has a title, which will give you some help in telling you what itis about before you start reading. Below are some examples of the type of words that are tested in this part of Paper 3, Expressions 1 [.......the conclusion, after failing to win any matches, that I would do better to give up playing tennis altogether. Areached ——B got Caid D came iis the right answer. The expression is fo reach a/the conclusion. You can come to.a conclusion. ‘Verb/Adjective + preposition 2 The man was with burglary at the police station. A accused Beharged —Ciinvestigated ~—_D arrested Bis the right answer. Investigated and arrested are followed by for; accused is followed by of Phrasal verbs 3 Susie fell with her best friend last week. A for Bout Capart D through Bis the right answer. To fall out means to no longer be friends. The other EXAM ADVICE phrasal verbs here, fall for, fall apart and fall through all exist but mean something different, © Always read the text all ‘the way through before Linking words you ty to fill any gaps. 4 Treally like skiing... my friend prefers snowboarding, ‘© Make sure you read each sentence carefully 0 A once Bprovided — Cwhereas Dor that you don't miss any Cis the right answer. Whereas means but. Provided, or and once are used in important words a different type of clause. «© Always put down an answer even ifyou're ‘Vocabulary ‘not completely sure that 5 The of the party welcomed us at the door. Ws conect A guest Bcompanion Chousehold host (Make sure you transfer your answers to the Dis the right answer. All the other words are connected with people, but answer sheet correctly. are used differently EXAM FOLDER 4For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A,B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). © looks popoler (10) sport inthe world, (DD) also more people actually football themselves than any 0 ‘sport. In 1904 FIFA, the World (12) eonlnep2 Saturday to the weekly market in the centre of town. i was 1. Student A: Look at photos 1 and 2. They show children playing. Compare the photographs and say which of the activities the children would enjoy more. Student B: give your opinion. 2_ Student B: Look at photos 3 and 4. They show teenagers at home. Compare the photographs and say what the photos tell you about modern teenagers. Student A: give your opinion. 3. Below is an extract from an autobiography. Read it uickly and then say whether you think the writer hhad a happy or unhappy childhood. GROWING UP better and cheaper than a supermarket, she said, We would then come home laden down with what seemed like ee mountain of plastic bags and sink gratefully onto the sofa in the living room when we got in, Dad thought that getting the ‘ear out for shopping was a waste of time. My first bestfriend was Sarah. We got on really well and ved inthe same house in Westpark Grove for my whole childhood. There was no major landmark to help you find your ‘way around in my neighbourhood. Every street looked almost identical, ike a soap oper set. Our wo-sorey house was set 4 few metres back from the road and was «perfectly hideous she was good a keeping seres. can’t remember a single pink colour, which my parents seemed to lke. The only ‘occasion when we fll ou. T used to sleep over at her house feature we had that no-one ese had was a huge garage, over Ste Sau ihlgir Tats of choles We spa al cat the door of which my dad had painted the words GARAGE spare time together — like sisters. used to hang around the ENTRANCE in large black letters. Anyone silly enough to local shops with he, i there was nothing decent showing st atk in front ofthe driveway should beware. You didn't want to | the focal cinema. I wanted to be a popstar or bein films when set on the wrong side of my dad, believe me! I grew up and poor long-suffering Sarah was very good about | We hat tints feiimonns see Teed 99 share mine with my Tistening to me singing all the latest pop songs and showing sister Lucy, who is two years older than me. We had a bunk ‘off my dancing to practise my stage technique. I think it bed—T slept on top ~a wardrobe and a desk. Our brother Tom, | helped having a critical audience as when Tilly started at ‘who isa year younger than lam, hada room the sizeof drama schoo, I elt quite confident and this showed. i broom cupboard atthe very back of the house, overlooking the She had an elder brother called Pete and he had a motorbike, arden. The tree of us used to have tribe fights with each Ee gave me 2 et bo tothe in those days, We always worried that my mum would find out about the fights. We used to slip handsriten notes under the Bedroom doors, asking, ‘Are you going to tell Mun” There were boxes to tick fr "yes" o ‘We all had chores todo before and afterschool and Mum \would check our efforts when she got home from work each evening. It seems hard now but we were used to doing them Meanshile, the neighbourhood kids would be playing in the street outside, Sometimes we would go out and pay with them, but we kept an eye open for Mum, who disapproved from school and I felt so proud! He was great at Maths and didn't mind helping me. 1 ‘often moaned to Sarah on my mobile so much about Maths homework that in the end she'd get round Pete to email me the answers to any equations. In the summer, Sarah and I and the res of our class went to school camp. It was on an island off the coast. It seemed so tadyenturous to spend the night sleeping in tent miles from anywhere. Sarah was more sensible than I was and often kept ‘me from getting into trouble with the narow-minded Mrs Dodd, our teacher. Once I thought itd be a good idea 10 go ‘of us playing outside. She thought we should be inside doing ‘wimg inthe sea jus befor sunrise, forgotten that Mrs useful things, lke homework and housework. There was Dodd would be coming round to wake us up and would see big supermarket just onthe ede of tow, but my som an RAMs ie coartin sea Sceaoeclnece {would strugele the sx kilometres into town by bus every though, and put a pillow under the sheets so Mrs Dodd would think Iwas there. We actually got away with it, too!4 Read the first paragraph more carefully and answer ‘question 1. Then look at the explanation below ~ ‘were you right? 1. What does the writer say about her father in the first paragraph? ‘A He was very proud of his garage. « B He could get angry if you annoyed him. € He disliked his neighbours. D He was quite a selfish person, ‘The answer is B. - Anyone silly enough to park in front of the driveway should beware. You didi't ‘want to get on the wrong side of my dad, believe me. A, Cand D are all likely, but there is nothing in the text which says this. Now read the notes and answer questions 2-4. ‘There will often be a question which asks you ‘what the writer is ‘suggesting’ ot ‘implying. This {s called an inference question and you have to decide from various clues in the text what the writer means to say. 2. In the second paragraph, what does the writer suggest about her family? ‘A There was a large age difference between the girls and Tom. B They were afraid their mother would tell their father about the fights. ‘© Some members of the family got on with each other better than others. D They had only limited living space while they ‘were growing up. Sometimes a ‘reference’ question is included, ‘which tests your understanding of words such sit and this. You must read the lines before and after the word carefully before deciding what it is referring to. 3. What does ‘It refer to in line 322 ‘A the supermarket B the centre of town C the bus D the weekly market ‘There is often an item of vocabulary such as a | word or phrase which is unusual or idiomatic, | or one that is used by the writer in a special way. You should work out the meaning by looking at the context around the word or phrase itself. 4. What does laden down with’ mean in line 34? A having bought B carrying C having chosen D borrowing Now do the next four questions, underlining the ‘word or phrase in the text which gives you the answer. 5 What impression do you get of the writer's ‘mother from the third paragraph? ‘A She demanded high standards of her children. B She didnt like the other children in the neighbourhood. C She was unkind to her own children, D She had very little money to spend on food. 6 What does the writer say about her friend Sarah in the fourth paragraph? A She lived in a nicer house than the writer did. B She was a very easy-going person. She and the writer sometimes had arguments. D She had the same ambitions as the writer. 7 What does the writer mean by ‘this'in line 49? A her confidence B her technique C her dancing D her audience 8 What happened when the writer went swimming in the sea one morning? AA Sarah told the teacher what had happened. B The writer’ absence went unnoticed, C Mrs Dodd didn't come into the tent that morning. D The writer managed to get back to bed in time. {In pairs, discuss the following questions. ‘a What do you think about the writer's childhood? Was it similar to yours? Why? / Why not? b Do you think children should help their parents ‘with housework? Why? / Why not? ‘© How much time do you spend at home rather than doing activities outside the home? Do you think that children grow up too quickly nowadays? Why? / Why not? GROWING UP iused to and would 1 Read examples a-c and then match them with uses 1-3, a The three of us used to have terrible fights. (used to + verb) 'b Sometimes we would go out and play. (would + verb) © We were used to doing them. (be/get | used to + -ing verb) 1 To talk about something in the past that doesn’t happen now. This could be something permanent. 2 To mean ‘to be/get accustomed to: 3 To talk about a repeated action in the past which doesn't happen now. Note that the action must be repeated and this form is normally used for narrative. Look at the following sentences and decide what the difference is between them. Tm used to living away from home. Tm getting used to living away from home. 2 Correct the following sentences, ifnecessary. 4 Britain would have a large manufacturing industry. 'b People used to work very long hours in the past. ¢ People are now used to working harder for less money. 4 It takes a long time to get used to doa new job. € My grandmother was used to work very long hours when she was a girl. £ When I worked for the BBC, I would often have to travel abroad. g When I was a child, I use to go to the zoo with my parents. UNITS 3. Discuss the following situations using would, used to, get used to or be used to. a What did you used to do in the holidays when you were a child? b Have you ever had any problems getting used to doing something? ‘¢ What did you used to do in the past that you dontt do now? d_ What kind of food are you used to eating? Vocabulary Collocations 4 Look at this example from 8:1. She was good at keeping secrets. Choose the correct collocation in a-g. ‘a My father’s new car can have / do 200 kph. b I don’t like people who break / keep their promises. ¢ Were doing / having a holiday in South Africa this year. d_ Max made / took a fortune from computer software. € The music from the festival made / kept me awake for ages last night. £ This ice cream gets / tastes really good. f Lily spends / keeps too much time at her friend’s house. Phrasal verbs with get 5 Inthe text in 8. the writer says, ‘We got away with it, too.” Complete the sentences using the phrases in the box. the flu washing the floor the tennis team some work the angry neighbour _ not paying ‘a The two boys got away from... wav as quickly as they could. b Susie needs to get down to... has exams soon. ¢ Tom got out of, good mood. Tm just getting over. for a week. € He was delighted when he got into the weekend. £ You wor't get away with ... because she coos Which put him in a _.. after being in bed at6 In pairs, look at a-fin 5 again and decide what each phrasal verb means. Then talk about the following questions. ‘a What sort of things do you try to get away with not doing? Did you get to go anywhere interesting last weekend? ¢ Do you need to get down to some work soon? Have you ever had a bad dose of flu? How long did it take you to get over it? e Have youe x got into a sports team? Word formation 7. For questions 10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of. some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. HOW YOUR FRIENDS AND THEIR FRIENDS CAN AFFECT YOUR MOOD Recent research shows that our moods are more (0) . STRONGLY. influenced STRONG by friends than we tend to think. Not only that, but the moods of friends Of friends affect us too - even up to three degrees of (1)... Indeed, itis SEPARATE becoming clear that a whole range of things are transmitted through (2) SOCIETY networks of friends in ways that are not entirely understood, from (3) HAPPY to (4)... for certain types of music to what you watch on TV. PREFER Your (6)... to be happy increases with the number of happy friends you ABLE have. However, it does depend on the nature of your (6)... to them. For RELATION example, if a good friend who lives within a couple of kilometres of you suddenly becomes happy, that increases the chances of you becoming happy by more than 60 per cent. Surprisingly, one of your parents at home with you becoming happy doesn't make such a big (7)... That's less than 10%. DIFFERENT Psychologists have shown that people (8)... copy the facial expressions, ‘CONscious ‘manner of speech, body language and general (9)... of people around them, BEHAVE often with (10) .. speed and accuracy, despite being unaware they are doing REMARK it. This causes them to actually experience the emotions associated with what they are copying, Speaking 8 How important are your fiends to you? Discuss the following questions with a partner. Do you think you make friends easily? Why? / Why not? b How long have you known your best friend? ¢ Have you ever fallen out with a friend? 4 What is the most important quality to you in a friend? € Do you sometimes get on with your friends better than with your family? Why? / Why not? f Do you usually do the same things as your friends? Why? / Why not? g Do you copy your friends’ clothes or manner of speech? Poe CD-ROM UNITS 7-8 @JTait tteace (at In Part 2 of Paper 2, you may be asked to write an essay giving your opinion on a topic or issue. ‘The essay normally follows on from a class discussion and the target reader is the teacher. [You must write between 120 and 180 words. Read the following essay question and then look at the plan which follows. ‘You have had a class discussion on jobs and salaries. Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay, giving your opinion on the following statement: ‘Compared to people in other jobs, sportspeople are paid too much for what they do. Write your essay. Essay plan Paragraph 1 — a general introduction Paragraph 2 ~ an argument either for or against, possibly with an example from your own experience Paragraph 3 — another argument either for or against Paragraph 4 - the conclusion and your personal opinion Below are four paragraphs. in pairs, put them in order so they follow the essay plan above, CB oe tered #2 mar any He gegen peeennrrers® career does oot ast very lang ard he or she wl ony ear ah epee ead eave ln fr ated prod cf Ie ~ pony ale as tn ye painted retest Wis tao the case at tyry con out shot a eweer Therefoe te | jen fal eesle m nce mpoont reacore tat they resewe heper thon ermal calares (pbs we pad te Ine Frat ofl Whe to say that plying spot fora ling is ret The topic of sportepeopl’s eomgs is scent 19 aooety, Nurses do an ecertal ch bit they exvn vey ce whch cPlen causes «gest dal of Ile compared 10 many eparepecpe. Alea, a ont plyer, for dscuscsen, expeetlly in retusparere and tual il rly be lay fr a few hous diy vile a mince on the slew Many pple bre. rg ld wo up 1 wcke es doy feelings on te eee ard eo | 2 Read this essay question. ‘Spot is generally believed to be very good forthe body and to be very ‘Your teacherhes asked you to Seller fen eo loa apse write an essay, saying whether _‘fopic. Id like to begin by saying that, on. iole, the people in my you agree or disagree with the cau, eal enoy spr. But nowadays hey fend fo waich i aher ate cae ‘han take par! themselves. inthe past, schoolchildren would spend at o nent east two hours o week playing football or basketball, And they used Everyone should have the to ploy ona Soturday and also spend some lime aiier school playi cpporinity to take up'a spor. | HER Hel We Tey schoclehlien el cll eliaanest to do and s0 they have to spend more fme on thelr computers rather Read the student's answer and than ding se, And ct verve Ken of compli soto divide it into paragraphs. going outde to do sport in the cold or wel. So | believe there should be opportiities for people who wont fo do more individual exercise like Yyoge or aerobics. In conclusion I'd like to say thot | hink that everyone should have a free choice to do a spott which suis them bestphrases in the box below, you ‘could use from the box instead Think about other changes you some of these linkers. Addition in addition moreover as well as, Contrast nevertheless Jn contrast oon the other hand however Result as a result therefore consequently } Why do you think that some of the swords in the essay in 2 are in bold? SF you use some of the words and ‘will impress the examiners more ‘than if you just use and, but or so. Decide which word or phrase you ‘of the words in bold in the essay. may need to make in order to use 4 Using the expression not only... (but) aso in the right place will aso impress the examiners. nxaMput: Elisa not only plays volleyball, (but) she also does fencing. nere could you put the expression not only... but also in the essay in 2? 5 Inpaits, think about the following essay task and make some notes using the questions below. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay discussing the ‘ollowing statement. Stress can be reduced by playing sport. + Do you have any personal experience of this? Think of an example. ‘+ Can playing sport when you feel stressed be bad for your health? «Are there other things to help reduce stress which are better than sport? + How do you feel about the statement - do you agree completely or just partly, or do you disagree totally? + Any conclusions ~ in general / personally? Now organise your notes into: + an introduction + some reasons / arguments / personal experience + aconclusion ‘Make sure you use appropriate linking words. Useful expressions To begin To give an example First ofall, For example, .. In my opinion, ... A good illustration of this is Ta like to begin by saying that ... For instance, .. Many people think/believe/say that To finish In conclusion, To sum up, . EXAM ADVICE ‘© Read the question carefully. «© ifthe question asks for your experience, don't forget to give an example. ‘© Remember to organise your essay. It shouldn't bea string of sentences but should present a logical answer tothe question. {© Don't forget to use paragraphs {three or four is about right; but Five would be acceptable) ‘© Check your spelling, grammar and punctuation © Use linking words. ‘© Check you have really answered the question. ‘© Count your wards or make sure you know how many tines of yout handwriting make 120-180 words. it doesn’t matter ifyou ae a litle over 180 but it does matter if your essay is too short.1. Lookat the advert opposite. What do you think it is selling? Discuss your ideas with a partner, using some of these openers. Well, it could be advertising Or perhaps it might be for T think it must be a It can’t be for ... Because... Look at page 85 to find out if you guessed correctly, 2. The modal bs in the first pair of examples above indicate that the speaker is unsure about something. Itis also possible to use ‘may, though less common. However, can is not used in this way. unsure In the second pait of ‘examples? Which words tell Now look at this example. I the speaker It couldn't possibly be an advert for chocolate. Does the meaning change if the full stop Is replaced by a question mark? Say the sentence and the question aloud to your partner. The qu with extra words at the end. Which words? Cm 3. Now read the text about a TV advert and underline examples of the modals used in. ion would sound better 4 Explain the meaning of these words from the text b jingle © celebrity 4 verdict e brand f cunning Why is the title of Bob's article appropriate? The best ad missed the boat at Cannes This is the title of an article by Bob Garfield, an American expert on advertising. He was writing about the International Advertising Film Festival, which takes place some time after the main film festival in Cannes, For Bob, the best ad of the year was from Delvieo Bates, Barcelona, for Esencial hand cream. The ad shows a woman riding her bike, which has a very squeaky chain, The woman gets off the bike, opens her jar of Zsencial and rubs some of ‘the cream onto the chain. Then she rides away but the squeak remains, Why? Because, as the voice-over says, ‘ESencial ‘moisturises, but it has no grease." Why is this ad so good? It can't be for its special effects, because there aren’t any: Might it be the music? No, there isn’t even a jingle. Could it be that the woman is a celebrity? No. Bob's verdict: ‘Its a vivid demonstration of brand non-attributes, Inspired. Cunning. Brilliant." In other words, by showing failure ina different context, the quality of the product is reinforced — ssrease is good for bike chains, but not for the skin. So surely this ad must have won at Cannes? No. The simple ‘ruth is that it couldn't win, Because the agency failed to enter it in time for the festival deadline!5 In the final paragraph, it says So surely this ad must have won at Cannes? Here, the modal is referring to a past action. Say ‘whether the speaker is sure or unsure in sentences a-c below. Their latest TV commercial must have cost a fortune to produce. b Theres one commercial showing a man sitting in an armchair on a mountain peak. That couldn't have actually happened - it must be done by special effects. ¢ Advertising has come a long way in the last forty years. Audiences of the 1960s might have been totally ‘overwhelmed by an action-packed commercial of today! Read this text and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). DAVID OGILVY THE KING OF MADISON ; AVENUE ‘David Ogivy, orignally from Scottand, has often (0) BEEN... called ‘The Father of Advertising’. He beteved that you should see (1). single aim ar ides through with passion andl "Go the whole hog! A larger _. fp igre, ne showed endless enthusiasm cw the tings that realy interested hi, ‘The role he played best, and indeed defined, was that @ smu. th Bxtsh gentleman in New York, When vn the averting agency Ogivy and Mather there in 1948, he crove @ Rolls-Royce, wore a ful- length cape and USEC (6) nrmnnnn tend patios ih Scottish kt, (7). Sure to pause at the top of the stairs to give felow quests the ful effect. Stating from a two-room office, Ogi hired bright ‘young staff and developed the advertising agency into a huge empire, transforming (8) into the most famous ad men in the word in (9) _____-. Pr0028s. He.was a complete workaholic and disapproved of the Couture of iong lunches in advertising, He was a rather ‘moral individual as (10)... who walked away ‘rom cigarette acversing long befere his competitors. He campaigned (11) ann bllooards, which in his View made the world 120k Ugly, nd (12) ever accent any marketing strategy that deceived the public. He told copywriters to just ell the truth, and make the tut interesting’, Vocabulary Collocations 7. Look at the adjectives below. Which ones collocate with each of the nouns on the right? List the phrases that are possible, for ‘example huge variety. Use some in the role play in 8 huge variety high message low idea deep budget shallow market narrow character wide picture 8 Role play: XK trainers. Get into small groups and read your instructions (A or B) ‘Then spend a few minutes listing useful vocabulary, using a dictionary if necessary. When groups A and B are both ready, have a face-to-face discussion. pate stent and bre [—setying ne [neces feet shot absbing gl pumped it underslee bs8 mpc Group A: Advertising agency ‘A leading manufacturer of sports shoes, XK, is about to launch their new trainer. Your agency hopes to get the contract for the TV commercial and you need to prepare your ideas. — ‘As there isa big budget for this, you should use famous people and exotic locations! Prepare to meet XK. Group 8 turn to page 85.Listening 1. Briefly describe a TV commercial to your partner, using some of the expressions below. Explain your feelings about it. ‘Theres one commercial that is for The thing I really like about itis. What I can't stand is UE You are going to hear two people talking about some TV commercials. In Part 1, which of these aspects are mentioned by the speakers? Tick the ‘ones you hear. + a a puzzling beginning b a storyline with flashbacks ¢ a dramatic ending +d assetting that is out of the ordinary € a surprising location + £ awell-known personality a powerful slogan +h an extravagant production 3. UMMM Listen to Part 2, where one particular advert is discussed. Answer the questions below by writing W for woman or M for man in the boxes. 1 Who didn't like the advert? 2. Who was surprised by part ofthe advert? 3 Who agrees that Ray was an effective character? 4 Who liked the music in the advert? 4 Answer this practice question as you listen to Part 2 again. What do the speakers agree is important in a successful advert? ‘A-a strong storyline that people will ind entertaining, B attractive characters that people will identify with C an unpredictable element that will be memorable 62\ uNIT9 (9482 You will hear a man talking about making successful TV commercials. For questions 1-4, choose the best answer (A, B or C). To help you, there will be 2 pause on the recording between questions. 1 According to the speaker, what is the key factor when making a TV commercial? A the type of location B the choice of actors C the depth of storyline 2 When developing the script, the speaker believes itis vital to A time the overall message. B feature the product by name. C use a lot of beautiful language. 3 According to the speaker, ifthe same advertising company produces several commercials for a product, A it could create a sense of boredom with the brand. B it may attract new clients with similar advertising needs. C it can be beneficial to include a familiar clement in the series. 4 Before booking airtime for a TV commercial, the speaker recommends ‘A targeting a product to a suitable channel, B finding out accurate viewing figures. C giving priority to cost over timing. rammar extra Order of adjectives ‘The woman talks about a graceful siver vehicle. Which of the ‘wo adjectives is used to give an opinion? Can the ord of these adjectives be changed? Undertine the adjectives used in slogans a-d and then Identify them according to the types below. What fs the rule for opinion adjectives? ‘a The classic British motorbike b The sensational new CD from Jack Johnson ‘ Our popular full-length navy eattonnightshirt 4 Bite-sized biscuits with a delicious creamy filing ‘OPINION DESCRIPTION: SIZE SHAPE AGE COLOUR NATIONAUTY MATERIAL Descriptive adjectives are usualy in the order above. is quite ‘unusual to have four adjectives in a row (asin example). More ‘commonly, any additional descriptive information i givenin a Separate phrase (asin example d). Decide whether the following adjectives are in the correct order, Reorder them where necessary, a black huge dog bb anawful old woollen coat € the talian famous singer 4 ated large apple © anclaborate wooden square box fa sophisticated new novel by a Scottish tremendous authorVocabulary Expressions for discussing ideas 6 There are a number of verbs in English that may signal an opinion or idea. Look at this example from the recording. Ireckon I know pretty much what the magic ingredients are. In British English, ! reckon is informal in register and would not be used in formal speech or writing. Which of these verbs are also informal? admit bet doubt expect guess suggest suppose stress 7. Put the phrases below into these groups. You heard ‘some of them in the recordings. Use them in the next Speaking section Introducing an idea or opinion Giving a different point of view ‘Adding to an idea Mais ea ‘What's more Tsuppose On the other hand It seems to me that ‘ie a aT Speaking 8 Look at the four photographs. Identify what product cach billboard is advertising and discuss how effective it is at selling the product. Then decide which two adverts are the most effective, giving reasons for your choice. Spend some time looking at the photographs and note down useful vocabulary for each one. Remember that when you do the task, you will have to give an opinion about them rather than describe them. + Think about how to structure the discussion so that you and your partner have equal opportunities to take part. Use some of the phrases from Unit 7 to achieve this. Remember also to use expressions from exercises 6 and 7. + Try to speak together for about three minutes. Make sure you allow enough time within this to decide on the two adverts so that the task is completed, Give clear reasons for your choice. THE HARD SELLExam folder 5 Paper 4 Part 2 Sentence completion In this part of the Listening paper you hear either a monologue or a conversation. The task is to complete a set of sentences. You have 45 seconds to read the questions for this part. Use the time before the recording starts to predict what you might hear, underlining key words and phrases 1. Lookat these examples of Part 2 sentences and find words and phrases in the recording script below ‘that relate to the underlined words and phrases. Can you predict what the missing words are? Asan example of making a scientific claim, the speaker talks about an advertisement for 1 wt ‘The most important message in the advertisement for the car is to do with 2... ‘When targeting teenagers in advertisements, products are often linked to 3... ‘which others would find unacceptable. Advertisements aimed at parents may include young children or 4... and snsnnany AS they connect with their role as carers Recording script 1 To support the suggestion that one product is better than its competitors, the existence of ‘actual proof is often mentioned. In one case, involving the promotion Of nus reference was made to an unnamed university research project, which analysed shades of white, It must be true that there are more advertisements focusing on our love of driving than ‘on anything else, While the messages of freedom and mobility are always important, it is above all the aspect Of ...o.nnunu that is stressed in this particular one. We are supposed to believe that this car will take us to new places in society and change our role for ever. Advertisers adopt different strategies as far as young people between the ages of 15 and 19 are concerned. For this population, it is not about conforming but about the complete opposite of that. Indeed, products for this age group are frequently connected with 3 stususssususnun the kind that older people such as parents might well disapprove of, ‘Turning to mothers and fathers as consumers, advertisements targeting these people often reinforce the experience of bringing up a family. An advert that links its product to young children or even, interestingly enough, to... , will probably succeed because these images appeal directly to motherly or, perhaps less commonly, fatherly instincts! (48 Now listen to the recording and write one or two words in gaps 1-4. ‘Transfer your answers to this sample answer sheet. Be careful with spelling.4 Read this advice before you do the exam task in 5, EXAM ADVICE 1© Use the time before the recording starts to read the questions carefully. ‘© Look atthe words either side ofthe gap to predict what you might hear. ‘© Write down the actual words that you hear don't waste time trying to rephrase the information. ‘© Don't include extra information ~ you only need to write one, two or three words at most. ‘© Don't panicif you miss a question atthe frst listening ~ listen out forthe answer at the ‘second listening. ‘© Always write something, even if you're not sure that i's the corect answer. ‘© Atthe end of the test, write your answers clearly in capital letters on the answer sheet. ‘© Check your spelling ~ although minor errors are accepted, you may lose marks for Incorrect spelling. 5H You will hear part ofa talk about advertising jingles. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences. THE COMMERCIAL JINGLE ‘One example of the contents of a basic jingle is @ The first modern jingle in 1926 advertised @ [2] The rules on radio advertising in the 1930s forbade the use of | ‘of goods during peak listening periods. ‘The programme about a family began with a jingle for a Ts]. which was the first of its kind in the USA. In the 1950s, jingles were often created by When the jingle became less popular, advertisers started to use From the late 1980s, commercials have had to reflect a complete| Payments from advertisers have covered earnings lost due to cof music. ‘According to some psychologists, music that has listener is easier to remember. ‘An ‘ear worm! is up to| [19] tong. T can’t get this tune out of my head!1. The pictures show people in imaginary future situations away from the Earth Compare the people and say whether you think these situations could happen in the future. 2. Skim the article on | space travel for its general meaning, Ignoring the missing sentences. Why do NASA and the SFF have i different priorities? CHEAP ACCESS TO SPACE Telenor ae ee te ee ee ere in tkin wo decades pus industry. Tulinson has always mo Shas abi BT )°25 yous al Sew @ plane for ho fis i plane g on the Maon, we 5 king abut watching old estonaus en TY Jsng his high prof to ry to prove @ pain. Space is our d he says, 0 why nat get on whi He ond his coleoges socauege ony business th angle, Exploration Tumlinson is going gies) launched their tous Aer cieling he plonet wie, it etuned wih pa 1s plonned in the Pactie Ocean. Tumlinon jled the company complet obit space fi This fight will point fe regular people While twas o significant tech acek 08 © company, cabo highly sigan forthe ‘American taxpayer. Wih the rerement of hues, londing eee ines Me ec ings, bring stu ee eee Pee es ed SSpoce Shute, the Un egent need for Tig inl hor hopcen teally dependent od fom the International price of over $50 mi er thy shed bo ust doys ofer Dragon cog peo Viana Space Sabon, ope et (ona surey on he iernt calla ‘Cheap Access to Space’, where i asked AariconYoxpayes fr her opinions on he US spoce progam and fie pricites fr space tonsporaon. Tht is simply purpose fr which 7 wos designed As ltt ond excise’, whereas the balewos in opportunities for everyone: a of endlestly expanding now choices! The SF ware 00 evel human

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