EXTRACTION OF CURCUMIN AND TURMERIC OIL

[EIRI/EDPR/3874] J.C.: 1988

INTRODUCTION

Curcumin (diferuloyl methane), the natural yellow pigment in turmeric, is isolated

from the rhizomes of the plant Curcuma longa. It constitutes about 3-4% of the
composition of turmeric. In the south and southeast tropical Asian countries,
turmeric has been used for centuries as a spice to give the specific flavor and
yellow color to curry. Turmeric became a very important spice to mankind when it
was observed that the addition of turmeric powder in food preparation preserved
its freshness and nutritive value.

Turmeric, as an additive, improved the palatability. Aesthetic appeal and shelf life
of perishable food items. The use of turmeric became more popular when it was
found to act as a therapeutic agent for various illnesses. In the Ayurvedic system
of medicine, turmeric is used as a tonic and as a blood purifier. Its role in the
treatment of skin diseases and its ability to soften rough skin resulted in the
prolific use of turmeric in topical creams and bath soaps in India. Turmeric is also
used in home remedies in the treatment of cuts, wounds, bruises, and sprains. Its
use as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent has been recognized for more
than a century.

The importance of turmeric in medicine took a new twist when it was discovered
that the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa is very rich in phenolics, whose
structures have been identified as curcuminoids. Phenolics are known to possess
antioxidant properties. Free radical mediated damage to biological systems is
recognized as the initiating agent for many diseases, such as cardiovascular
diseases, cancer, and arthritis.

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Turmeric and its constituents show beneficial effects on these diseases and on
other illnesses. For example, the low incidence of large bowel cancers in Indians
could be attributed to a high intake of natural antioxidants, such as curcumin in
the diet. The anti-mutagenic and anti-tumor effects of curcumin are most widely
studied. However, in recent years, it has been shown that the inhibition of
arachidonic acid metabolism, modulation of cellular signal transduction
pathways, inhibition of hormone, growth factor, and oncogene activity are some of
the mechanisms by which curcumin causes tumor suppression. Chemopreventive
activity of curcumin is observed when administered prior to, during, and after
carcinogen treatment as well as when it is given only during the
promotion/progression phase (starting late in premalignant stage) of colon
carcinogenesis in F 344 rats.

Curcumin is also a powerftil inhibitor of the proliferation of several tumor cells, as

well as an anti-inflammatory agent. It exhibits anti-clastogenic, anti-ftingal and
anti-viral properties. However, the lack of information regarding the mechanisms
of action of curcumin has precluded its clinical use in western countries. Several
recent studies have given some insight into the molecular basis for the action of
curcumin at the cellular level.

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Curcumin is the main active ingredients in Turmeric. Curcumin is primarily used
as a cholinergic and used to improve joint health. Curcumin synergizes
particularly well with piperine, greatly increasing its bioavailability. Curcumin
supplements can reduce age related memory loss by inhibiting the buildup of beta
amyloid, a peptide commonly found in age related degenerative diseases of the
brain. Curcumin Induces flow of bile which breaks down fat, keeps heart healthy
by normalizing cholesterol level. Curcumin is helpful in digestive support and
arthritis pain relief.

Curcumin (synonyms: turmeric yellow, kurkum, INS No. 100(i)) is an orange-

yellow crystalline powder. Minor amounts of oils and resins naturally occurring in
turmeric may be present.

The origin of the plant Curcuma longa L., which belongs to Zingiberaceae family is
India. The plant is distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the
world, being widely cultivated in Southeast Asian countries. Turmeric, i.e., the
ground rhizomes of Curcuma longa L., has a long history of use in food as a spice,
mainly as an ingredient in many varieties of curry powders and sauces, where
curcumin from turmeric is a main colouring substance.

The turmeric (Curcuma longa) plant, a perennial herb belonging to the ginger
family, is cultivated extensively in south and southeast tropical Asia. The rhizome
of this plant is also referred to as the root and is the most useful part of the plant
for culinary and medicinal purposes. The most active component of turmeric is
curcumin, which makes up 2 to 5% of the spice.

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 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS TURMERIC?
WHAT IS CURCUMIN?
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
WHAT IS THE HISTORY OF TURMERIC AND CURCUMIN?
ARE THERE ANY SIDE EFFECTS OR INTERACTIONS?
WHY HASN’T THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY PATENTED TURMERIC
AND CURCUMIN?
USES AND APPLICATION
IS MOSTLY USED IN THE FOLLOWING FIELDS:-
OPPORTUNITY AND RISE OF TURMERIC AND CURCUMIN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE AND ACTIVITIES OF CURCUMIN
THE BIOLOGICAL SOURCE OF CURCUMIN
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF CURCUMIN
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTY
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES
EFFECT OFCURCUMIN ON LYMPHOCYTES
EFFECT OFCURCUMIN ON PLATELET AGGREGATION
PROPERTIES OF CURCUMIN
PRODUCT DETAILS:
PRODUCT SPECIFIC LITERATURE REFERENCE:
GENERAL INFORMATION:
CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CURCUMIN
COMPOSITION OF THE FOOD ADDITIVE
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
CURCUMIN - THE YELLOW EXTRACT FROM TURMERIC
FIGURE: CURCUMA LONGA (TURMERIC PLANT) WITH ITS RHIZOME OR ROOT
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TURMERIC
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF TURMERIC AND ITS COMPOUNDS
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION OF TURMERIC AND IT’S EXTRACT
FRAGRANCE AND FLAVOUR
RAW MATERIALS SCENARIO (INDIA AND GLOBAL)
INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO
OVERVIEW OF CURCUMIN MARKET
MARKET POSITION
CURCUMIN MARKET CAN BE SEGMENTED ON THE BASIS OF:
THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS
PRODUCTION OF CURCUMIN IN INDIA
GLOBAL MARKET POSITION AND DEMAND OF CURCUMIN
U.S. CURCUMIN MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2016-2024, (TONS)

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CURCUMIN MARKET, BY APPLICATION
CURCUMIN MARKET, BY REGION
COMPETITIVE MARKET SHARE
DETAILED EXPORT DATA OF CURCUMIN
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF CURCUMIN
MARKET ANALYSIS OF CURCUMIN
GLOBAL CURCUMIN MARKET GROWTH
PROCESS OUTLINE FOR CURCUMIN EXTRACTION
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF CURCUMIN
RAW MATERIAL REQUIRED:
BASIC PLANT AND MACHINERY REQUIRED.
SALIENT FEATURE OF THE PROCESS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS DIAGRAM
BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR CURCUMIN EXTRACTION
TECHNICAL DETAILS FOR CURCUMIN EXTRACTION
METHODS.
GRINDING OF DRIED TURMERIC AND SEPARATION
SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF TURMERIC USING ETHANOL AND WATER
SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF TURMERIC (250 Μ SIZE) USING ETHANOL
AND WATER.
MOISTURE ANALYSIS OF DRIED TURMERIC POWDER
OPTIMIZATION OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF TURMERIC AT DIFFERENT
TIME INTERVALS
OPTIMIZATION OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION METHOD OF TURMERIC.
SOLVENT EXTRACTION USING MIXTURE OF SOLVENT OF ETHANOL
AND WATER.
SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF TURMERIC USING PET ETHER.
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CURCUMIN
AGAINST E.COLI
RESULT AND DISCUSSION.
TABLE: SHOWING THE VALUES OF CURCUMIN EXTRACTED
SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF TURMERIC (250 Μ SIZE) USING ETHANOL
AND WATER.
OPTIMIZATION OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF TURMERIC AT DIFFERENT
TIME INTERVALS
SOLVENT EXTRACTION USING MIXTURE OF SOLVENT OF ETHANOL AND
WATER
SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF TURMERIC USING PET ETHER
EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING OF CURCUMIN
TURMERIC HAS BEEN FOUND TO HAVE THE COMPOSITION AS SHOWN
IN TABLE BELOW
TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF TURMERIC
FIGURE: THE THREE STRUCTURES OF CURCUMIN AND OTHER
CURCUMINOIDS

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FIGURE TURMERIC RHIZOME AND CURCUMIN THAT WAS EXTRACTED
REFINEMENT OF CURCUMIN:
FILTRATION:
OLEORESIN TO CURCUMIN:
FIGURE – OLEORESIN TO CURCUMIN REFINEMENT PROCESS SET-UP
PURITY TESTING TECHNIQUES:
METHOD OF SUBCRITICAL CURCUMIN EXTRACTION
ANALYSIS OF TURMERIC OIL
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PLANT RAW MATERIAL
FIGURE: FRESH TURMERIC RHIZOMES
DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND METHOD
FIGURE: PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR PRODUCTION OF TURMERIC OIL
CALCULATION OF OIL YIELD AND MOISTURE CONTENT
MOISTURE CONTENT
TURMERIC OIL YIELD
TABLE: VARIATION OF % OIL YIELD WITH TIME
SWOT ANALYSIS OF CURCUMIN
STRENGTH
OPPORTUNITIES
WEAKNESSES
THREAT
PLANT LAYOUT
BUYERS LIST OF CURCUMIN AND TURMERIC OIL
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIAL (INDIAN)
SUPPLIERS OF N-HAXANE
SUPPLIERS OF LABORATORY CHEMICALS
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIAL (GLOBAL)
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINRY (IMPORTED)
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINRY
SUPPLIERS OF CRUSHER
SUPPLIERS OF EVAPORATORS
SUPPLIERS OF FILTER PRESS
SUPPLIERS OF BOILERS
SUPPLIERS OF LAB TESTING EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIERS OF STORAGE TANK
SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF EXTRACTOR
SUPPLIERS OF STEAM DISTILATION PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF PUMPS
SUPPLIERS OF DIGITAL WEIGHING SCALE
SUPPLIERS OF OTHER MACHINERY

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APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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 COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity 255 Kg./Annum

Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.) Rs. 2.54 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 4.87 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 4.68 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 12.50 Cr
Rate of Return 40%
Break Even Point 48%

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