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Tutorial 13 Power Series

The document discusses power series solutions to differential equations. It covers finding the radius and interval of convergence for power series, rewriting power series by shifting indices, combining multiple power series into a single series, solving differential equations using power series methods, classifying singular points, and finding indicial roots for regular singular points. Examples of each type of problem are provided to illustrate the techniques.

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64 views2 pages

Tutorial 13 Power Series

The document discusses power series solutions to differential equations. It covers finding the radius and interval of convergence for power series, rewriting power series by shifting indices, combining multiple power series into a single series, solving differential equations using power series methods, classifying singular points, and finding indicial roots for regular singular points. Examples of each type of problem are provided to illustrate the techniques.

Uploaded by

Safayet Aziz
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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KIX 1001: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 1 (2018/19)

Tutorial 13: Power Series Solutions

1. Find the radius of convergence and interval of convergence for the given power series.
∞ ∞
2𝑛 (−1)𝑛
𝑎. ∑ 𝑥𝑛 𝑏. ∑ (𝑥 + 3)𝑛
𝑛 4𝑛
𝑛=1 𝑛=1

∞ ∞
(100)𝑛
𝑐. ∑ (𝑥 + 7)𝑛 𝑑. ∑ 𝑛! (2𝑥 + 1)𝑛
𝑛!
𝑛=0 𝑛=0

2. Rewrite the given power series by shifting the index, so that its general term involves xk.
∞ ∞
𝑛−3
3𝑛 𝑛−2
𝑎. ∑(2𝑛 − 1)𝑐𝑛 𝑥 𝑏. ∑ 𝑥
(2𝑛)!
𝑛=3 𝑛=3

∞
(−1)𝑛 2𝑛+1
𝑐. ∑ 𝑥
(2𝑛 + 1)!
𝑛=3

3. Rewrite the given expression as a single power series whose general term involves xk.
∞ ∞ ∞
𝑛 𝑛−2
𝑎. ∑ 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)𝑐𝑛 𝑥 + 2 ∑ 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)𝑐𝑛 𝑥 + 3 ∑ 𝑛𝑐𝑛 𝑥 𝑛
𝑛=2 𝑛=2 𝑛=1

∞ ∞
2 𝑛−2
𝑏. 3𝑥 ∑ 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)𝑥 + 𝑥 ∑ 𝑛𝑥 𝑛
𝑛=−2 𝑛=1

∞ ∞
3𝑛 𝑛−1 (−1)𝑛 2𝑛+1
𝑐. ∑ 𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 ∑ 𝑥
(2𝑛)! (2𝑛 + 1)!
𝑛=1 𝑛=−1

4. Find two power series solutions of given differential equation about the ordinary point x =0.

𝑎. 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0

𝑏. (𝑥 − 1 )𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦′ = 0

𝑐. 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 0

𝑑. (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 0
5. Use the power series method to solve the given initial-value problem.

𝑎. 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦(0) = 1, 𝑦 ′ (0) = 0

𝑏. 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ + 𝑥𝑦 = 0, 𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦 ′ (0) = 1

𝑐. (𝑥 + 1) 𝑦 ′′ − (2 − 𝑥)𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦(0) = 2, 𝑦 ′ (0) = −1

6. Determine the singular points of the given differential equation. Clasify each singular point
as regular or irregular.

𝑎. 𝑥 3 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ + 3𝑦 = 0

𝑏. (𝑥 2 − 9)2 𝑦 ′′ + (𝑥 + 3)𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 0

6
𝑐. (2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3)𝑦 ′′ + (2𝑥 + 1)𝑦 ′ + 𝑦=0
(𝑥 − 3)

𝑑. (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥)2 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥(𝑥 − 3)2 𝑦 ′ − (𝑥 + 1)𝑦 = 0

7. Find the indicial roots for the given differential equations where x = 0 is a regular singular
point.

𝑎. 2𝑥𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 0

𝑏. 3𝑥𝑦 ′′ + (2 − 𝑥)𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 0

𝑐. 9𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 9𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 0

4
𝑑. 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′ + (𝑥 2 − 9) 𝑦 = 0

𝑒. 𝑥𝑦 ′′ + (1 − 𝑥)𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 0

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