8

Mathematics
NOT

11

Quarter 3 - Module 3
Triangle Congruence

Government Property
NOT FOR SALE
Mathematics — Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 — Module 3: Axiomatic Structure
First Edition, 2020

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 8
Mathematics 8
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Triangle Congruence
 Table of Contents

What This Learning Package is About ……………………………………. i

What I Need to Know …………………………………………………………. i
How to Learn from this Learning Package ……………………………….. i
Icons of this Learning Package …………………………………………….. ii
What I Know ……………………………………………………………………. iii

Lesson 1:
Triangle Congruence……………………………………………………..1
What I Need to Know ………………………………………………………………….. 1
What’s New
Activity 1: Polygon Investigation..………………………………………….….1
What Is It
Definition and Properties of Congruence……………………………………. 2
What’s More
Activity 2: Correspondence and Congruence..………………………….……2
What’s New
Activity 3: Triangle Parts………………………………………………………...3
What Is It
Triangle Congruence Postulates …….………………………………..……….. .. 3

What’s More
Activity 4: SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS Congruence….…………….…………….. 5
Activity 5: Evaluating Learning ……………………………………………….. 5
What I Have Learned
Activity 6: Analysis…………………………………………..…………………..6
What I Can Do
Activity 7:Tile Setting ………………………………………………………….. 7
Lesson 2:
Right Triangle Congruence Planes ………………………… ……….8
What’s In …………………………………………………………………………………..8
What I Need to Know …………………………………………………………………….8
What’s New
Activity 1: Keep Right……………………………………………………………8
What Is It
Right Triangle Congruence Theorems…………………………………………9
What’s More
Activity 2: That’s Right!! ………………………………………………………..10
What I Have Learned
Activity 3: Appreciation ………………………………………………………..11
What I Can Do
Activity 4: Bridge Designer …..……………………………………………….11

Summary ……………………………………………………………….. 12
Assessment: Post-Test ……………………………………………… 14
Key to Answers ………………………………………………………...16
References ………………………………………………………………19
What This Module is About
The world is filled with man-made geometric figures. Some of which are triangle in
shape. They are seen in building structures, twin towers, bridges, signages, furnitures,
appliances and even fabrics. Triangle is considered to be the most stable of all geometric
figures in terms of construction works. The study of congruent triangles is essential because
of its application in real life.

This module deals with postulates and theorems on triangle congruence.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Illustrate triangle congruence. (M8GE-IIId-1)
2. Illustrate the SAS, ASA and SSS congruence postulates. (M8GE-IIId-e-1)
3. Solve corresponding parts of congruent triangles. (M8GE-IIIf-1)

i
 What I Know

Pre-Assessment: Multiple Choice

Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Select the letter of the best
answer from among the given choices.

´ ?
1. In the figure ΔPOG ≅ ΔSOR, what is the side corresponding to PO

2. Listed below are the six pairs of corresponding parts of congruent triangles. Name the
congruent triangles.

3. In ΔDOS, what side is included between ∠D and ∠O?

4. Name the corresponding congruent parts as marked that will make each pair of triangles
congruent by SAS.

5. If corresponding congruent parts are marked, how can you prove ΔBEC ≅ ΔBAC?
6. Identify the pairs of congruent right triangles and tell the congruence theorem used.

7.

8.

9. Is the statement “corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent” based on

10. Use the marked triangles to write a correct congruence statement.

(Questions taken from Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module. First Edition. 2013)

iv
 Lesson Triangle Congruence
1

What I Need to Know

A triangle is a polygon with three sides and three vertices. It is one of the
basic shapes in geometry. The sides of a triangle are segments. These segments intersect
at a common point which is the vertex of a triangle. The study of triangles and its properties
is important because of its real-life application.

What’s New

Activity 1: Polygon Investigation

Direction: Follow the task and answer the questions that follow.
1. Get a rectangular paper (bond paper, intermediate paper etc.).

2. Cut it diagonally.
Question(s):
a. What polygons did you form after cutting the paper?

b. What have you observed about their measurements? sides? angles?

 What Is It
Definitions and Properties
Congruent Triangles
Two triangles are congruent if and only if their corresponding parts (sides and
angles) are congruent.
This definition is abbreviated as CPCTC, which means Corresponding Parts of
Congruent Triangles are Congruent.

Illustrative Example 1

Given that Δ ABC ≅ ΔDEF (read as “Triangle ABC is congruent to triangle DEF”).
Name the corresponding congruent sides and angles.
Answer:
Corresponding Angles Corresponding Sides
∠A ≅ ∠D ´ ≅ ED
AB ´
∠B ≅ ∠ E ´ ≅ FE
BC ´
∠C ≅ ∠F ´ ≅ FD
CA ´

Properties of Triangle Congruence

Reflexive Property
Δ XYZ ≅ ΔXYZ

Symmetric Property
If Δ XYZ ≅ ΔQRS , then ΔQRS ≅ Δ XYZ .

Transitive Property
If Δ XYZ ≅ ΔQRS and ΔQRS ≅ ΔMNO, then
ΔXYZ ≅ Δ MNO

What’s More

2
Activity 2: Correspondence and Congruence
1. Write a congruency statement for the two triangles at the right.
Answer:
The corresponding sides are marked on the diagram as
congruent, so AC ´ ≅ ´¿, CR ´ ≅ GO ´ and AR ´ ≅ EO ´ . Also,
∠ A ≅ ∠ E , ∠ C ≅ ∠ G and ∠ R ≅ ∠ O since they are vertical angles. All the
corresponding parts of the two triangles are congruent, thus, ΔACR ≅ Δ EGO.

2. List all the congruent parts if ΔNOP ≅ ΔTAR .

3. ΔWXY ≅ Δ ZYX . Solve for p and q.

https://www.nthurston.k12.wa.us/cms/lib/WA01001371/Centricity/Domain/2540/GeoInClass12-08-14TriangleCongruencePacket.pdf

What’s New

Activity 3: Triangle Parts

1. What are the different types of triangles according to sides and angles?
The following are scrambled words. These words are the different types of triangles
according to sides and angles:
1. SAELNCE
2. ICEELSOSS
3. EIULAQREATL
4. ATUCE
5. OSBUTE
6. RHGIT
2. What are the parts of a triangles?

3
 What Is It
Triangle Congruence Postulates

SSS (Side-Side-Side) ´ ≅ DE
If AB ´ , BC
´ ≅ EF
´ and
Congruence Postulate AC´ ≅ DF
´ , then
If the three sides of one △ ABC ≅ △≝¿ by SSS
triangle are congruent to the postulate.
three sides of another
triangle, then the triangles
are congruent.

Often times called the side-

side-side pattern.
SAS (Side-Angle-Side) ´ ≅ DF
If AC ´ , ∠ C ≅ ∠ F and
Congruence Postulate BC´ ≅ EF
´ , then
If the two sides and an △ ABC ≅ △≝¿ by SAS
included angle of one postulate.
triangle are congruent to the
corresponding two sides
and the included angle of
another triangle, then the
triangles are congruent.

“Included angle” is the angle

formed by two given sides.
ASA (Angle-Side-Angle) ´ ≅ EF
If ∠ B ≅ ∠ E , BC ´ and
Congruence Postulate ∠ C ≅∠ F , then
If the two angles and the △ ABC ≅ △≝¿ by ASA
included side of one triangle postulate.
are congruent to the cor-
responding two angles and
an included side of another
triangle, then the triangles
are congruent.

“Included side” is the side

whose endpoints are the
vertices of the angles.

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AAS (Angle-Angle-Side) If ∠ A ≅ ∠ D , ∠ C ≅∠ F and
Congruence Theorem BC´ ≅ EF
´ , then
If two angles and a non- △ ABC ≅ △≝¿ by AAS
included side of one triangle postulate.
are congruent to the
corresponding two angles
and a non-included side of
another triangle, then the
triangles are congruent.

What’s More

Activity 4: SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS Congruence

For each pair of triangles, tell: (a) Are they congruent (b) Give the postulate that makes them
congruent.

http://www.kutasoftware.com/freeige.html

Activity 5: Evaluating Learning

5
 Instruction: Given a kite, investigate and match the corresponding sides, angles, or
triangle in column A with the corresponding sides, angles or triangles in column B
respectively to decode the secret message. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer
on the space provided before each number.

Column A Column B
__
________1. EF D. SAS Congruence
__
________2.HF G. Diagonals
__
________3. EFH N. GF
__ __
__________4. HF O. HF
________ 5. EFH is congruent to HFG R. Vertex Angle

________ 6. EDG and EFG S. Right Angles

________7. EDG and EFG T. GFH
__ __
________8. DF and EG U. Isosceles Triangles
_______ 9. DHE and DHG V. ASA Congruence

_______ 10. EFD is congruent to GFD . SSS Congruence

Lanao Del Norte Daily Lesson Plan

Lesson
Right Triangle Congruence
6
 2

What I Need to Know

A right triangle is a type of triangle with one angle that measures 90°. Triangular

trigonometry based the concepts on the relationships between the sides and angles of a
right triangle. In a right triangle, the side that is opposite of the right angle which is the
longest side is called the hypotenuse.

What’s New

Activity 1: Keep Right

1. Recall the parts of the right triangle. Illustrate its sides and angles using your cutouts.
a. What do you call the side opposite the right angle?
b. What do you call the perpendicular sides?
c. How many acute angles are there in a right triangle?

2. Name your triangles as shown below.

Complete the statement: If the ______ of one right triangle are congruent to the
corresponding ___ of another right triangle, then the triangles are _____.

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 What Is It

Right Triangle Congruence Theorems

LL Congruence Theorem If ∠ C and ∠ F are right

If the legs of one right angles,
triangle are congruent to the ´ ≅ EF
BC ´ and
legs of another right ´ ´ , then
AC ≅ DF
triangle, then the triangles △ ABC ≅ △≝¿ .
are congruent.
LA (Leg-Acute angle) If ∠ C and ∠ F are right
Congruence Theorem angles,
If a leg and an acute angle AC´ ≅ DF
´ and ∠ A ≅ ∠ D ,
of one right triangle are then
congruent to a leg and an △ ABC ≅ △≝¿ .
acute angle of another right
triangle, then the triangles
are congruent.

HyL (Hypotenuse-Leg) If ∠ C and ∠ F are right

Congruence Theorem angles,
If the hypotenuse and a leg AB´ ≅ DE
´ and AC
´ ≅ DF
´ , then
of one right triangle are △ ABC ≅ △≝¿ .
congruent to the
corresponding hypotenuse
and a leg of another
triangle, then the triangles
are congruent.

HyA (Hypotenuse-Acute If ∠ C and ∠ F are right

angle) Congruence angles,
Theorem AB´ ≅ DE
´ and ∠ B ≅ ∠ E,
If the hypotenuse and an then
acute angle of one right △ ABC ≅ △≝¿ .
triangle are congruent to the
corresponding hypotenuse
and an acute angle of
another right triangle, then
the triangles are congruent.

What’s More
8
Activity 2: That’s Right!
A. In each figure, congruent parts are marked. Give additional congruent parts to prove that
the right triangles are congruent and state the congruence theorem that justifies your
answer.

B. State the congruence theorem on right triangles to show that the two right triangles are
congruent.

Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module

What I Have Learned

9
Activity 3: Appreciation

This lesson helped me

I enjoyed

What Can I Do
Activity4: Bridge Designer
Materials:
Bond paper or Oslo Paper Ruler
Pencil or coloring pen

Instruction:
Construct or bridges with the following characteristics:
1. One that contains only one kind of polygon.
2. One that contains as many kinds of triangles as you can.
3. One that you feel is beautiful.

Guide Questions:
1. How many different plane figures can you find in each bridge?
__________________________________________________

2. Which plane figure seems to be the strongest?

___________________________________________________

3. Measure the angles in one of your bridges. Write a description of each type of angle.
____________________________________________________

 Share your output in your respective groups and choose one member to report the
consolidated output of the group in the class.

Summary

10
 Designs and patterns having the same size and the same shape are seen in almost
all places. You can see them in bridges, buildings, towers, in furniture even in handicrafts
and fabrics

Congruence of triangles has many applications in real world. Architects and

engineers use triangles when they build structures because they are considered to be the
most stable of all geometric figures. Triangles are oftentimes used as frameworks, supports
for many constructions works. They need to be congruent.

Let us summarize the concepts you have learned in this module:

1. SSS (Side-Side-Side) Congruence Postulate

If the three sides of one triangle are congruent to the three sides of another triangle, then
the triangles are congruent.
Often times called the side-side-side pattern.
2. SAS (Side-Angle-Side) Congruence Postulate
If the two sides and an included angle of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding
two sides and the included angle of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
“Included angle” is the angle formed by two given sides.
3. ASA (Angle-Side-Angle) Congruence Postulate
If the two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to the cor-
responding two angles and an included side of another triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.
“Included side” is the side whose endpoints are the vertices of the angles.
4. AAS (Angle-Angle-Side) Congruence Theorem
If two angles and a non-included side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding
two angles and a non-included side of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
5. LL Congruence Theorem
If the legs of one right triangle are congruent to the legs of another right triangle, then the
triangles are congruent.
6. LA (Leg-Acute angle) Congruence Theorem
If a leg and an acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to a leg and an acute angle of
another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
7. HyL (Hypotenuse-Leg) Congruence Theorem
If the hypotenuse and a leg of one right triangle are congruent to the corresponding
hypotenuse and a leg of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
8. HyA (Hypotenuse-Acute angle) Congruence Theorem
If the hypotenuse and an acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to the
corresponding hypotenuse and an acute angle of another right triangle, then the triangles
are congruent.

Post Test

11
 Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Select the letter of the best
answer from among the given choices.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. Jancent knows that AB = XY and AC = XZ. What other information must he know to prove
ΔABC ≅ ΔXYZ by SAS postulate?

6. Miguel knows that in ΔMIG and ΔJAN, MI = JA, IG = AN, and MG = JN. Which postulate
or theorem can he use to prove the triangles congruent?
a. ASA

12
 b. AAS
c. ASA
d. SSS

7. In ΔABC, AB = AC. If m∠B = 80, find the measure of ∠A.

a. 20
b. 80
c. 100
d. 180
8. You are tasked to make a design of the flooring of a chapel using triangles. The available
materials are square tiles. How are you going to make the design?
a. Applying triangle congruence by ASA
b. Applying triangle congruence by SAS.
c. Applying triangle congruence by SSS
d. Applying triangle congruence by AAS

For items 9 to 10
Complete the proof. Fill in the blank with the letter of the correct answer.

Answer Key
Pre-test

13
LESSON 1

Activity 1
a. Triangles
b. The two triangles have the same measurements of their sides and angles.

Activity 2
1. The corresponding sides are marked on the diagram as congruent, so AC ´ ≅ ´¿, CR
´ ≅ GO
´
and AR´ ≅ EO ´ . Also, ∠ A ≅ ∠ E, ∠ C ≅ ∠G and ∠ R ≅ ∠O since they are vertical
angles. All the corresponding parts of the two triangles are congruent, thus, ΔACR ≅ Δ EGO.
´ ≅ TA
2. NO ´ , OP
´ ≅ AR´ and NP
´ ≅ TR ´ . Also, ∠ N ≅ ∠ T , ∠ O ≅ ∠ A and ∠ P ≅ ∠ R .
3. 7p+13 = 20
7p = 7
P=1

2q + 3 + 5 = 11 + 5
2q + 8 = 16
2q = 8
q=4

Activity 3
1. SCALENE
2. ISOSCELES
3. EQUILATERAL
4. ACUTE
5. OBTUSE
6. RIGHT

Activity 4

Activity 5
1. N
2. O

14
 3. T
4. O
5. D
6. R
7. U
8. G
9. S
10.

Activity 6
1. Knowing only side-side-angle (SSA) does not work because the unknown side could be
located in two different places.

2. Knowing only angle-angle-angle (AAA)  does not work because it can produce similar
but not congruent triangles.

Activity 7

Output May Vary.

LESSON 2

Activity 1
1.
a. hypotenuse
b. leg
c. two

2. side, side

Activity 2
´ ≅ DC
1. BD ´
Leg - Leg Congruence Theorem
´ ≅ DC
2. BD ´
Leg – Acute Angle Congruence Theorem
´ ≅ DF
3. BD ´

15
 Leg – Leg Congruence Theorem
4. Leg - Leg Congruence Theorem
5. Hypotenuse - Leg Congruence Theorem
6. Leg - Leg Congruence Theorem
7. Leg – Acute Angle Congruence Theorem
8. Leg – Acute Angle Congruence Theorem

Activity 3

Answers may vary.

Activity 4

Outputs may vary.

Post test

References

16
Books
 Abuzo, E., et.al. 2013. Mathematics Grade 8 Learner’s Module. First Edition
 Advincula, R. & Gonowon, R. 2013. Global Mathematics 8 (K to 12). The Library
Publishing House, Inc.
 Crisostomo, R., et.al. Our World of Math 7. Vibal Publishing House Inc.
 Fermalino, S, et.al. 2007. Realistic Math – Scaling Greater Heights 8. Sibs Publishing
House
 Oronce, E., et.al. 2013. E-math 8 ( K to 12). First Edition. Rex Book Store
 Romero, K. Geometry in the Real World (Explorations and Applications). Salesiana
Publishers Inc. 2003
 Lanao Del Norte Daily Lesson Plan
 Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module. First Edition. 2013.
Online

 Learning Module G7, Q3

https://peac.org.ph/download/2018_mathg7q3/
 Learning Module G8, Q3
https://peac.org.ph/download/2018_mathg8q3/
 Geometry- Points, Lines , Planes, Angles Name
http://www.b-g.k12.ky.us/userfiles/999/Geometry/Unit%201%20Points%20Lines
%20Planes%20and%20Angles/Unit%201%20Review%20for%20Assessment.pdf
 Units Points, Lines and Planes Book
https://www.yonkerspublicschools.org/cms/lib/NY01814060/Centricity/Domain/2366/
1-Unit%20Points%20Planes%20and%20Lines%20BOOK%20.pdf
 Why SSA and AAA Don’t Work
https://www.brightstorm.com/math/geometry/triangles/why-ssa-and-aaa-dont-work-
as-congruence-shortcuts/#:~:text=Four%20shortcuts%20allow%20students
%20to,located%20in%20two%20different%20places.&text=Because%20there
%20are%206%20corresponding,to%20know%20all%20of%20them.

17