Nikko S.
Luna September 09,2020
BECED-1 Reading in Phil. History
Chapter 2.
A. True or False. Write true if the statement true. Otherwise, write false
in the space provided.
True 1. None written documents is not useful as primary sources in
conducting historical research.
True 2. The assassination of Ninoy Aquino is an important historical
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event that fueled people’s anger and condemnation of the
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dictator Ferdinand Marcos.
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False 3. Apolinario Mabini penned the Kartilya ng Katipunan.
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True 4. Magellan and his fleet receive a warm welcome from all of the
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chieftains and local leaders in Philippine Island.
True 5.The Americans radically altered the social structure in the
Philippines after they took over from Spain in terms of
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socioeconomic equality.
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True 6.The Proclamation of the Philippine Independece reflects the
social and economic discontent of the masses about land
ownership and other agrarian issues.
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True 7. The enmity between Aguinaldo and Bonifacio did not affect
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how the former’s revolutionary government credited Bonifacio
to the beginnings of the Philippine Revolution.
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True 8. Corazon Aquino did not forge alliance with the United States
because the latter was unknown important ally of Marcos.
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True 9. The conservative attitude of the youth toward sexuality did
not change sins the Spanish period until the 1930s.
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True 10. The forces of Magellan were successful in defeating and
conquering Lapu Lapu.
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B. Critical Essay. Identify a primary source in Philippine history from
the examples provided in this chapter. Write an essay discussing (1)
The importance of the text, (2) The background of the text author, (3)
The context of the document, and (4) The text’s contribution to
understanding Philippine History.
Antonio Pigafetta’s First Voyage Around the World
1. The importance of the text:
On March 31, 1521, an Easter Sunday, Magellan ordered
a Mass to be celebrated which was officiated by Father
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Pedro Valderrama, the Andalusion chaplain of the fleet, the
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only priest then. Conducted near the shores of the island,
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the First Holy Mass marked the birth of Roman Catholicism
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in the Philippines.
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2. The background of the text author
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Antonio Pigafetta was a Venetian scholar and
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explorer. He joined the expedition to the Spice Islands led
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by explorer Ferdinand Magellan under the flag of
King Charles I of Spain and, after Magellan's death in
the Philippines, the subsequent voyage around the world.
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During the expedition, he served as Magellan's assistant
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and kept an accurate journal which later assisted him in
translating the Cebuano language. It is the first recorded
document concerning the language.
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Pigafetta was one of the 18 men who returned to Spain in
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1522, under the command of Juan Sebastián Elcano, out of the
approximately 240 who set out three years earlier. These men
completed the first circumnavigation of the world. Pigafetta's
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surviving journal is the source for much of what is known about
Magellan and Elcano's voyage.
3. The context of the document
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Pigafetta was actually a chronicler commissioned by the
King of Spain to accompany and document a voyage
intended to expand the Spanish empire.
4. The text’s contribution to understanding Philippine History.
They include letters, diaries, journals,
newspapers, photographs, and other immediate accounts.
The interpretation and evaluation of these sources becomes
the basis for research. These materials are often located in
the Special Collections of a library, rather than in the
general collection
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Emilio Jacinto’s “Kartilya ng Katipunan”
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1. The importance of the text
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The Kartilya ng Katipunan (English: Primer of the Katipunan)
served as the guidebook for new members of the organization,
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which laid out the group's rules and principles. The first edition of
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the Kartilya was written by Emilio Jacinto. Andrés Bonifacio later
wrote a revised Decalogue.
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2. The background of the text author
Emilio Jacinto (December 15, 1875 – April 16, 1899)
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was a Filipino General during the Philippine Revolution. He
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was one of the highest-ranking officers in the Philippine
Revolution and was one of the highest-ranking officers of
the revolutionary society Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang
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na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, or simply and more
popularly called Katipunan, being a member of its Supreme
Council. He was elected Secretary of State for the Haring
Bayang Katagalugan, a revolutionary government
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established during the outbreak of hostilities. He is popularly
known in Philippine history textbooks as the Brains of the
Katipunan while some contend he should be rightfully
recognized as the "Brains of the Revolution" (Filipino: Utak
ng Himagsikan, a title that is usually given to Apolinario
Mabini). Jacinto was present in the so-called Cry of Pugad
Lawin (or Cry of Balintawak) with Andrés Bonifacio,
the Supremo (Supreme President) of the Katipunan, and
others of its members which signaled the start of the
Revolution against the Spanish colonial government in the
islands.
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3. The context of the document
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Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangan Katipunan ng
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mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) or Katipunanisostensibly
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the most imperative association that shaped
Philippine history. While hostile to
frontierdevelopments, endeavors, and associations
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had just been built up hundreds of years preceding
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theestablishment of the Katipunan, it was just this
association that imagined the accompanying;
Katipunan created a complex structure and a
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defined value system that would
guidetheorganizationasacollectionaspiringforsingle
goal.OneofthemostimportantKatipunandocuments
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was the Kartilya ng Katipunan. The original title of
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the document was “Manga Aral NangKatipunan.”
The document was written by Emilio Jacinto in the
1896. Jacinto was only 18 years oldwhen he joined
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the movement. He was a law student at the
Universidad de Santo Tomas.
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Despitehisyouth,Bonifaciorecognizedthevalueandin
tellectofJacintothatuponseeingthatJacinto’sKartilya
wasmuchbetterthantheDecaloguehewrote,hewilling
lyfavoredthattheKartilya be distributed to their
fellow Katipuneros. Jaci
nto became the secretary of the organizationand
took charge of the short-lived printing press of the
Katipunan.
4. The text’s contribution to understanding Philippine History.
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Contribution of the document in understanding the grand
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narrative in Philippine History The Kartilya ng Katiupunan
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was the moral and intellectual foundation used to guide
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the Katipuneros and lays out the rules and principles that
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needed to be obeyed upon joining the secret society.
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The 1898 Declaration of Philippine Independence
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1. The importance of the text
Three important reasons to
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remember Independence Day. The official declaration of
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the Philippines' independence is one of the most
treasured milestones that we Filipinos achieved in our rich
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history. After being colonized by many nations in the past
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centuries, our freedom is priceless.
2. The background of the text author
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Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista (December 7, 1830
- December 4, 1903), also known as Don Bosyong, was
a lawyer and author of the Declaration of Philippine
Independence.
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3. The context of the document
The Philippine Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on 12
June 1898 in Cavite II el Viejo (present-day Kawit,
Cavite), Philippines. With the public reading of the Act of the
Proclamation of Independence of the Filipino People Filipino: Kasulatan
ng Pagpapahayag ng Kasarinlan ng Sambayanang Pilipino), Filipino
revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the
sovereignty and independence of the Philippine Islands from the colonial
rule of Spain.
4. The text’s contribution to understanding Philippine History.
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The Declaration of Independence is the document in
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which Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio
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Aguinaldo (later to become the Philippines' first Republican
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President) proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of
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the Philippine Islands from the colonial rule of Spain after
the latter was defeated at the Battle of Manila Bay during
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the Spanish-American War. The declaration, however, was
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not recognized by the United States or Spain, as the
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Spanish government ceded the Philippines to the United
States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, in consideration for an
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indemnity for Spanish expenses and assets lost.
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Political Cartoon’s Alfred McCooy’s Philippine Cartoons:
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Political Caricature of the American Era (1900-1941)
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1. The importance of the text
Political cartoons can be very funny, especially if you understand the
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issue that they're commenting on. Their main purpose, though, is not to
amuse you but to persuade you. A good political cartoon makes you think
about current events, but it also tries to sway your opinion toward
the cartoonist's point of view.
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2. The background of the text author
Dr. Alfred W. McCoy is a professor of the South East
Asian History at the University of Wisconsin at Madison
where he also serves as director of the Center for SE Asian
Studies. He’s spent the past quarter-century writing about
the politics of history of the opium trade.
3. The context of the document
1900-41 Philippine political cartoons gained full
expression during the American era. Filipino artists recorded
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national attitudes toward the coming of the Americans as
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well as the changing mores and times.
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4. The text’s contribution to understanding Philippine History.
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In the Philippines, the presence of political cartoons has
been seen as early as the publication of Kalayaan and La
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Solidaridad . Nepumuceno (2012) claimed that
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commentaries in newspapers are valid historical
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instruments, given that these works are collaborated by
official documents. Furthermore. Commentaries through the
sections of the editorial pages, are useful in seeking to see
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the opinions and views of people on policies which are also
rooted on the opinions and views of officials government.
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Corazon Aquino’s speech before the U.S. Congress
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1. The importance of the text
Cory talked about her miraculous victory through the
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people’s struggle and continued talking about her earlies
initiatives as the president of a restored democracy. She
stated that she intended to forge and draw reconciliation
after a bloody and polarizing dictatorship. Cory emphasized
the importance of the EDSA Revolution in terms of being a
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“limited revolution that respected the life and freedom of
every Filipino”.
2. The background of the text author
Corazon Aquino was the author of the primary source. She
is known as the wie of the opposionist of Ferdinand Marcos.
She showed her mutiny and sadness through addressing
the speech when she finally got the chance in the US
Congress.
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3. The context of the document
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She delivered her speech before the Joint session of the
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United States Congress with U.S. lawmaker in September
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18, 1986.
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4. The text’s contribution to understanding Philippine History.
Reading through Aquino’s speech, we can already take
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cues, not just on Cory’s individual ideas and aspirations, but
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also the guiding principles and framework of the
government that she presented.
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