Ryerson University

Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering

ELE637 (Energy Conversion)
Final Examination (W2021)
April 2021
Duration: 150 minutes
Question Set A
Examiner: M. Arani

Name:………………………………………………………………………………….
[Print Last Name] [Print First Name]

Student No:…………………………… Section No:……..

NOTES

1. This is a closed-book examination. Only basic scientific calculators are permitted.

2. You MUST read and sign the Honour Code statement in Page 2.
3. There are different sets of questions distributed based on your Student No. Make sure you
are responding to the right set.
4. The examination paper is comprised of Five QUESTIONS, each question worth as
indicated by the table below. The entire examination is worth 100 marks.

Question # Maximum Mark Mark Earned

1 21
2 16
3 23
4 18
5 22

Total 100

5. If you are using a printer or a tablet, answer all questions in the booklet, within the blank
spaces provided underneath each question. Use the reverse side if needed. Otherwise,
determine very clearly, each answer belongs to which question.
6. Return all your answers. If you miss a page in your upload, it will be considered blank.
7. The last page of this booklet includes some useful formulas and equations.
8. No questions to be asked during the examination. If in doubt about any question, clearly
state your assumptions in answering the question.
9. Part marks for an answer will only be granted if the correct methodology is clearly shown.
Last Name:………………………………………

Please read and sign (if you do not use a printer or a tablet, please write the Honour Code in a
separate page and sign it):

Honour Code

Consistent with Ryerson’s Policy 60: Academic Integrity, I agree that the exam I complete will
represent my work and my work only. I understand that all forms of academic misconduct are
prohibited. I also understand that academic misconduct includes, but is not limited to, all forms
of cheating, including the use of unauthorized materials, plagiarism, false identification, and
forgery. In addition, I understand that it is my duty and my responsibility to familiarize myself
with Ryerson’s Policy 60: Academic Integrity and inform the instructor if I become aware of any
violations to this Honour Code.

Signature: Date:

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Last Name:………………………………………

Q1: A Δ-Y connected bank of three identical 100-kVA, 2400-V/120-V, 60-Hz transformers is
supplied with power through a feeder whose impedance is 0.065 + j0.870 Ω per phase. The
equivalent series impedance of each 1φ transformer referred to the high-voltage side is
0.478+j1.188 Ω. The voltage at the sending end of the feeder is held constant at 2400 V line-to-
line. The load can be modelled as three equal impedances connected in Δ from. Each phase
impedance ZL is equal to 0.410+j0.135 Ω.
Determine:
1a) the load line-to-line voltage [11 marks],
1b) the transformer windings currents [5 marks],
1c) the efficiency (ignore the core losses but consider the feeder losses) [5 marks].

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Q2: A dc separately excited generator has Ra =0.1 Ω, Rfw =150 Ω. A load resistance RL =2 Ω is
connected to the armature terminals. Neglect armature reaction effect. The generator is driven with
a prime mover and its field circuit voltage is kept constant. If the prime mover rotates with a speed
of 1800 rpm, the generator will deliver 13.88 kW power to the load.
Determine:
2a) The generator efficiency if the rotational loss is constantly 450 W [5 marks],
2b) The prime mover rotational speed (in rpm), if the generator needs to deliver 16 kW to
its load [11 marks].

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Q3: A 230-V dc shunt motor has an armature-circuit resistance of 0.23 Ω. When operating from a
230-V supply and driving a constant-torque load, the motor is observed to be drawing an armature
current of 60 A. The shunt field circuit resistance is constantly 125 Ω. An external resistance is
now inserted in series with the armature so that the speed of motor drops 10%. Neglecting the
effects of rotational losses and armature reaction, calculate:
3a) the added external armature resistance [10 marks],
3b) change in the motor efficiency due to adding this external resistance [13 marks].

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Q4: A 500-kW, 2400-V, four-pole, 60-Hz induction machine has the following equivalent-circuit
parameters in ohms per phase Y referred to the stator:
R1 = 0.122 Ω, R’2 = 0.317 Ω, X1 = 1.364 Ω, X’2 = 1.32 Ω, Xm = 45.8 Ω.
It achieves rated shaft output at a slip of 3.35 percent with an efficiency of 94.0 percent, determine:
4a) motor power factor at the rated load [6 marks],
4b) the rotational loss at the rated load [12 marks].

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Q5: A three-phase 14-kV, 10-MW, 60-Hz, two-pole Y-connected synchronous motor is connected
to the infinite bus at its rated voltage. The synchronous reactance of the motor is 20 Ω per phase.
The motor delivers 80% of its rated power to the mechanical load. The power factor of the motor
is 0.95 lagging. The field current is 40 A. Neglect the stator winding resistance and other losses of
the synchronous motor, answer following questions.
Determine:
5a) Determine the induced voltage, Ef, and power angle, δ [9 marks],
5b) If the field current is maintained at 40A, determine the maximum power the motor
can output [3 marks],
5c) An induction motor is connected on the same bus as the synchronous motor and delivers
4.8 MW power to its load with an efficiency of 80% and 0. 80 lagging power factor. We
need to use the synchronous motor to compensate the overall power factor of both motors
to unity. We increase the synchronous motor field current to 60 A but it cannot be increased
anymore due to thermal limits. However, we have control over the synchronous motor’s
mechanical load and we can either increase or decrease it as much as we need. Find the
synchronous motor load that can guarantee an overall power factor equal to one [10
marks].

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Formula Sheet
Single-phase transformers
2
E2 I 1 N 2 N 
  Z   1  Z 2
'
2
E1 I 2 N1  N2 
Pout V V V V '
 VR %  NL FL  100%  1 ' 2  100%
Pout  Pcu  Pcore VFL V2
Three-phase transformers
S  3VLL I L  3V p I p P  3VLL I L cos   3V p I p cos 
Y conn.: VLL  3V p and I L  I p , 𝑍𝑌 = 𝑍∆ ⁄3  conn.: VLL  Vp and I L  3I p

DC Machines
E a  K a  m T  K a I a
Vt Ra
Ea I a  Tm m   T
K a  K a  2
Induction Machines
ns  n
or n  1  s ns
120 f
s ns  , where p is number of poles
ns p

 
Pag  3 I 2'
2 R2'
s
Pm  3I 2' 
2 R2'
s
1  s 
Prot
Pm  Pout  Prot Tm  Tshaft 
m
Vth  K thV1 , Rth  Kth2 R1 , X th  X 1 ,
Pag : Pcu 2 : Pm  1 : s : (1  s) Xm
where K th 
X1  X m
Pm Pag  3  Vth2  R2' 
Tm   Tm     
m s  s  ' 2
 
 Rth  R2 s  X th  X 2
'

2
 s 
 3  Vth2 R2'
Tmax    sTmax 

 2 s  Rth  Rth2  X th  X 2'  Rth2  X th  X 2' 
2 2

Synchronous Machines

E f  Vt  I a ( Ra  jX s ) for generator E f  Vt  I a ( Ra  jX s ) for motor

Vt E f Vt E f Vt 2
P3 sin  Q3 cos  3
Xs Xs Xs

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