ESTIMATED POPULATION BY CASTES~

1951

8. MADRAS

UJftce oj the Registrar (Jenera!, India

MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
 INTRODUC XI ON·:

1• In pursuance o£ Government policy there

. was limited enumeration and tabulation 6f··castes in
1951 Census. Even in the case of Scheduled Castes,
Scheduled Tribes and Backward Glasses, the :figures of
each caste wore not separately extracted; only the group
totals were ascertained. Tho Backward Classes Commission
require the figures of population of· each,individual
ca~te. .<
In order to. assist them an estlma'te of population
of each caste 1n 1951 has beeo made 00 the basis of the
figures of the previous Censuses.
2. The figures have been presented In four ""'tables
(1) Scheduled Cas"tes, Hindus only (1i) . Scheduled Tribes

(1i.1) Non-Backward Clas,ses, Hindus and Muslims. separately

(Iv) Other Castes ,·H:tndus and Muslims separately. Some
minor adjus,:trn~:nts have ,he'en made in' ·the estimated figures
of Scheduled Castes, in order to make the totals tally
"wi'Ph the .1951 Census' totals of that group.
:3 .- No caste-wise ·,.figures arc availablo for

1&41 Census. ·The ta_l>les of 1941 Census give !1gures .£or

only a few selected castes and these also for a tew
selected districts.
4. Extracts from previous Censuses Reports
explaining 'the ·oaUso. for varintions· in the ti~ure,s
, i
of individual caste have been given. in an Appendix.

- ... ......... - .......

---- --~...,_- ~ ..... -
... - ....--
 -2-

TABLE I .. SCHSDq~D CASTES

1. ' The rlgures, given in this Table relate to

the terr~tory of Madras (before the creat'ion of Andhra
State) which includes the former princely stntes of
Banganapalle, Pudukkottai and Sandur.
2. The table presents the figures of 77 c~stes

as specified in the President's Order of 1950. The

population of each caste given in this table refers
only to the population of Hindu.s.
3. Column 5 of the table gives the estimated
population in 1951. This has been determined by applying
the percentage incr(;ase of the genoral population of the
state to the latest available census figures of each
caste '. The total of the estimated popUlation in 1951 of
these castes shows a small excess ,over the ~51 census
totals of Scheduled Castes. The estimated fit.ures of
the population of each caste have been adjusted in order
to make the total population/tally. with the enumerated
total popu1atlon of 1951.

=============
 %.@LE 1- ~ Pbpulat10n 'or. Scheduled c.astos(r,;c:rtif'1od llr
, .~ai.dollt' ~
O1t-der, 19!Q) in tM C(tl18USeS . . . -
Wll"",W31 and,' c!lt1matod populat1m in 1961.
~
**************************************************************.*~*****~
Estimated
Name of Caste Population 'in population Remarks
-1911 ~ 1921 I 1931 1951.
1 2 ~ 3 t 4 5 6

1. Ad1 Andhra
-
~

649,407 783,538,
* *
2. Ad! .Drav!da * 50 ,015 l,619,227 1,953 ,669
3. Ad! Karnataka * * 644 777
4. Ajl1a * * 659 79€?
5. Aruntl+athlyar * * 17,396 20,989
6. Balra * * 1.)879 2,266
7. Bakuda If!:
* 806 972
8. Band1 2,384 2,502 553 667
9. Bar1ki * * 3,695 4,459
a
10. .6avuri 1,560 2,181 42,81b ) 2,894
,
11. Ballara 191 29 87 105
12. Byagar1 '* ' ,

* 8,459 10,206
13 .. ~Chachat1 5,130 6,l90
* *
14. Chakkil1yan 526,45~ 549,807 606,715 732,101
15. Chnlavad1 3,422 4,129
* *
26. Chamar 710 1,30l 140 169
1'7. Chandala 1,748: :'1,270 2,113 2,549
18 • "'Cheruman , 255,395.' .248 ,397 214,878 259,260
~9.
I" Dandas1 45,274 41,768 ,44,248 53 ,387
I

20~ Devendrakulathan ' . .* I

I

* 4,019 4,849
21. Dom or Dombara 116.,939 186,751 114,189 137,774
Pa1d!, Pano
22. Ghasi or Heddi, 49,673 44,936 47,753 'l57,616
Rel11 Baohand1
23. Godaga11 * * 969 '1,169
24'.' Godari 2-,246 1,493 419 506
,
.
25. Godda
* * l46 l76
26. Gosan,g1 244 .295
* *
21 .. Hasla '468 351 368 444

~~.~
 - * =-== __**e::t = :0
____
~r

s ::

28 .. Ho].eyo - 136 .. l.O'6 Q~~5E8 49.,567 59 ,805

29. Jaggall ~280 2,.579 S~.Q20 3,644

30. J')rnbuVll.)..a.l * * 6 .. 70.1. S.0s5

K::tdan 791 722 491 592
32. Kal1a-di 5,737 6,922
* *
33. Kanakkan 63,360 'it 22,046 26,600
34. Karlrnpa1an 2,898 3,165 2,~O7 3,387
35. Kodalo 28,41.0 34,278
* *
36. Koosa * * 818 987
37. Koraga 4,391 5,287 4,042 4,877
38. Kudub1 10,366 7,285 12 ,011 14,492
'(9. Kudumban * * 827 998
Xurichchan 9,722 7,465 7,122 ~,581

41. lVladar1 * * 6,617 7,~4

42. Madlga e07,986 731,879 60~,1.1.O 725,265

43. Kuravan 109,684 132,365 2,110 2,545
44. Maila l,431 1,726
* *
45. Mala (inal11ding - 1,440,650 1.,425,589 794,729 ~58 ,876
Agency Ma~as)
46. Mala Dasu 2,399 2,895
* *
1-7. Ma1asnr 4,199 4,928 5,101 6,155
.B. Matangi *- * 623 752
49. Mavilan 2,517 1,13 7 1,341 1,618
_, ~ Moger. ~9,148 40,544 773 ~33

Much! 6,285 3,741 1,842 2.222

52. lVIundala 6,200 7.64l
* *
53. Nalake.ysva 979 1,017 1,489 ' '1,190-
54. Nayadl 535 4],7 520 (S2?
55. Pagadai 771 931
* *
c., • Painda
r'

* * 92 110
bl. Paky ,.. 2,017 2 t 4a4
*
58 .. Pallan 866,132 862,685 825 .. 224 995,669
59. Pambada 335
* >I< 404
 -5-

J. ;
I : g: I ~ I : ~ .1 5 I C
)

60. Pam1di 424 51~

* *
6l. Panan 14,717 12,936 * ~7 ,167
62~ Panc~arna *' :-* ' 68,845 83,064
63. Panniand1 * * 54 65
64. Paralyan 2,363,803 2,337,036 l,ll7,197 1,347,948
65. 'Paravan 5,396 5,766 826· 997
66. Pulayan 4,831 3,683 23,378 28,207
67. Puthlrai Vannan * * 74 89
6B. Heneyar * * 1,480 1,786
69. Samagara 1,620 1,038 2,018 2,435
70. Samban 2
* 557 672
71. Sapari * * 462 557
-.., Semrnan 1,660 2,020 1,198 1,445
73. Thoti * * ].,639 1,977
74. Tiruval1uvar * • 207 249
75. Val~uvan 63,493 59,163 . 59,202 71,430
76. Valmlk1 '* * 4t~9 5,175
77. Vettuvan 79,372 . 83,008 28,325 34,175

-------------
.... -
............. ~--------

Notes:-
(1) * Figures not available.
(n) GanJam figures are also included.
Estimat10n has been done on the
basi,s or 1921 figures.
. .
(2) , The total estimated population of
Schedulsd Castes in 195~ aCQording
to the above table came to 9,031,953
while the enumerated populatlon ot"
the Scheduled Castes in 1951 is e,533J632~
The excess has been proportionate~y
deducted from each caste in order to
tally the total with 195~ Census figures •

.....
...... --------------
 !r@LE II - SCHEDULED TRIBES

l.. The tab1e presents ~~gures of 40 tribes,

as specified in the President's Order of 1950. Out of
these 40 tribes the popu~ation rigures £or 16 tribes
are not available in the previous Census tabl~v1z,

(1) Goudus-Bato, Bhiri~hya Dudhokourla Hato, Jatako and

Joria; (2) Kosalya Goudus - Bosothor~ya Goudus, Chitti
GoUdus, Dangayath Goudus, Doddu Kamariya, DUdQ Kamaro,
LadlYa Goudus and Pullosorlya GoudUs; (3) Magatha Goudus-
Bernia Goudu, Boodo Magatha, DongaYath Goudu, Ladya
Goudu; Ponna Magatha, and Sana Magatha; (4) Holva;
(5) Jadapus; (6) Khattls, Khatt1, Kommarao and Lohara;
(7) Kodu; (8) Kommar; (9) Konda Kapus; (10) Kondareddis
(1~) Manna Dhora; (12) Mukha Dhora - Nooka Dhoraj
(13) Paigarapu; (14) Palas1; (15) Reddi Dhora s ;
(16) Inhab1~ants of Laccadive, Minicoy and Am1ndivi
Islands who and both of whose parents were born in
these ls~ands.

The estimates of 195~ popu1atlon ~ this

table have been·· made in the Same manner as 1n Tab1e I.
The' total or the estimated population in 195~ o£ these
castes Shows an excess over the 1951 Census tota1s or
Scheduled Tribes. On account of the wide variations 1n
the two totals, no attempt has been made to adjust the
estimated population ~lgures.

-------------
---------....----
 TABT.£._Il ~ Pepu1ation or Goh~duled Tribes
,(Notified under President's Order,1950)
in the Censuses of 1911... 1931 and
estimated population in 1951.
, ¥ADRA§

******~~~***********************.****************************************.~
a ' . . ~Estimated Q
Name of Caste ! Population in PopII1ation~Remari;:s
.~ 1911 o· 1921 n 1931 19S1 l _
1 G 2 ~ 3 J 4 5 ~

1. A.ranadan 182 119 60 77

20 Bagata 33,021 34,291 34,309 43,813
3. Bhottadas ... 62,101 65,686 558 713
Bodo Bhottada, Mur1a
Bhottada and Sano
Bhott-ada •
4. Bhumi-as-Bhuri Bhura1a 21,891 24,480 34,386
and Bodo Bhumia
S. Chenchu 7,449 6,281 8,064 10,304

, Gadabas-Boda Gadaba, 45,115 55,770 46,639 59,558

Cerllarn Gadaba ,Franji Gadaba,
"~di~ GadQb~; Olnro-Gadaba,
~g1
Gadaba nnd Prange Gadaba.
-~.-::.1d1-Modya Gond and 25,596 40,823 25,005 31,931
Rajo Gond. '
8. G04d~s-;Bato, Bh1ri thya * *
Dudhokour1a Hata, * '"
Jatako and Joria.
9. Kosalya Goudus-Bosothorlya * * * *
Goudus, Ch1ttl Goudus,
Dangayath Goudus~Doddu
K~ariya, Dudu Kamaro,
Ladiya Goudus -and
Pullosoriya Goudus.
10. Magatha Goudus, Bernia * * * '"
G-oudu-, Boodo ,iv1agatha,
Don-gayath Goudu, Ladya-
Goudu, Penna Magatha 'and
Sana Magatha •
. . :olva * * * *
12. Jadapus *. * * *
13. Jatapus 80,930 72,477 70,610 90,169
14. Kammara 129,738 129,341 187,789
*
2,475 4,017 1,001 2,019
--; ...
Khattls, Khatt1, * * * *
Kommara 0 . and Lohar
-, "7
*' .. : . r.. Kodu * '* * *
J.8 r. Kommar * * *
I9!1 Konda Dhora$ 84,452 62,496 82,126 104,875

f?O " Konda Kapus * * *

~l~ Kondaredd1s * * * *
 -s-
: 1 , .. ::
::'2. Kondbs, Desaya Kondhs" 179,657 304 ,929 186,394 238,025
Dongria 'Kondhs, Kutt1Ya .
Kondhs, Tlkirla Kondhs
and Yenity Kondhs.
23. Kota 1,163 ].,204 1,121 1,432
24. Kot1a-Bart1ka, Beptho 19,801 2,594 3,644
Oriya, Dhu11a or Dulla,
Holva ·Pa1ko, Put1ya,
Sanrona and Sldho Palko.
25. Koya or Goud, with its 79,422 74,084 95,793 12~
subsects - Raj or Rasha
Koyas, Llngadhari Koyas
(ordinary) and Kottu Koyas.
26. Kudiya 4,120 6,706 3,497 4,466
~7. Kurumans 9,772 10,988 10,447 13,341
28. Manna Dhora * * * *
29. Maune 1,623 1,384 1,944
*
30. Mukhe Dhora, Nooka Dhora * * * *
31. Murla 1,099 l,148
32. Palgrapu
'" 1;612
* * * *
33. Palasi * * *
34. Paniyan 34,574 36,328 32,410 41,368
35. Porjas, Bodo Bonda, 92,737 87,019 123,092. 1.57,:iS8
DarUVBt DidUa J~dia,
Mundl11, Pengu, Pydl
and Sallya
36. Reddi Dhoras
* * *
37. Savarasl Kapu 3avaras, 59,002 150,276
Khutto ~avaras and
IvIa11ya Savaras
38. Sholaga 1,944 2,77i 2.,957 3,770
39. Toda 748 640 597 ?62
40. Inha b:1. t ants of the .
Laccad1ve, Minicoy and
Am1n1d1v1 Islands who,
and both o~ whose parents,
were born 1n these Islands.
-- -----.... -~- ....
...... ----~------
.....

Note : ..
Figures not available.
The total of estimated popula~JOQ 'of
Scheduled Tribes in 1951
according to the above table O'3Ine to
1,229,964 while the enumerated population
or the Scheduled Tribes in 1951 is ,635,979,
As there is wide variation in the two '
totals no attempt has been made to adjust
the estimat.ed figure~.

---------------
-------------_-
 -9-

This table , 42
dents figures tor
castes, which co.mprise the list of' t non-backward
classes' prepared by the State Government at the
time o£ the last census. This list was used to e11e1
answer to one or the census questions 1n the 1951
Census enumeration. Out or 42 castes 23 are included
under Hindus and 19 under Muslims.
2. The table has been presented in two
parts - (i) Hindus (ii) Muslims.
3. The estimate of" 195J. population· in
this table has been made in the same manner as in
Table I. The total of the estimated population 1n
1951 of all castes shows a decrease over the 1951
.Census totals of Non-backward Classes. On account
of' wide variations in the two totals no. ·attempt h~f;

been made to adjust the estimated figures.

----- ..... ------ ...

-----------~----
-~ ....
 .,a,o.,
I~ ,,*l}: - Popf.l].at.ion of' Non-Backward C~asses
in
the Censuses 19l1-1931 and Esti1l'lated
Populat1on in 1951 - (1) HINDUS.
MADRAS

~*.***.******.***************.*******************************************
I IEstimated ~
Name of' Caste I
1:::i::j::1
Po~u~ation in IpopulationARemarY~
n i "::: :: ::f: 3 ~31 I :5 1951 l3
6
l. Adi - Va~ama
* * * *
2. Ba11ja 1,021,214 1,015,977' * 1,427,041
3. Brahman 1,162,887 1,312,869 1,096,400 1,400,103
4. Bunt 126,296 131,390 147,405 lEB ,236
5. Gounder * * * *
6. Grammani * * * *
7. Kamma 1,126,095 1,],60,984 * ].,630,718
B. Kapu 2,502,251 2,463,566 3,460,325
*
n. Karkaters * * * *
"".0. Kavara * * *
*
·.l. Llngayat 134,592 171,023 * 240,205

'. Mudaliar
<")

~adar
*
655,252
* * *
* * 920,367 .
4. Nattukotta1 •• * * *
. Chett1yar
15. Nayar 412,102 489,563 537,618 686,538
l6. Padma Velama * 433,943 * 609,516
17. Raju (Raja) ~O2,845 52,325 69,979 89,363
18. Reddi * 3,351 * 4,707
.
19. Teloga 441,791 554,880 649,413 829,300
20. Thiyya
* * * *
2J.. Udayar 12,489 1.6,186 22,735
*
0?_ Vaisya (Chett1 824,183 860,151 409,717 523,209
Komatl)
23. Vellales 2,535,79J. 2,653,775 3,727,492
*
----------.---
-------------
Noj;e~u •
Figures are not avai1ab1e.
The total estimated popUlation of
Non-Backward Classes in ],951 (Hindus and
Muslims both) according to the above tab~
came to 17,615,084 while the enumerated
census populat1on or the Non-Backward Classes
1n 1951 1s 28,130,176. As there is wide
variation in the two totals, no attempt has
been made to adjust the est1mated figures.

=================
 -J.1-
TABLE III - Population o~ Non-Backward Classes
in the Censuses 1911-1931 and
estimated population in 1951 -
(1i) MUSLIMS

MADRAS

*****************************************************************~********
I ~Estimated I
Name of casta I PO:Ulation in §populationIRemarks.
::: I ::: : :I ~!::::: ~ J:g§~ I ~~1: I::: ,51 I ::'6 --
1. Arab 5,513 788
* 1,107
2. Bora 182 148 * 208
3. Dakui 37 40 * 56
4. Jonagan 8,780 6,780 * 9,523
5. Khilji * *
6. Khoja 26 58 * 81
7. Lodi 44 * * 63
8. Marakkayar 2,461 2,579 * 3,622
9. Memon 447 340
* 478
10. Moghal 18,628 18 ,457 * .,25,925
11. Musalman 28,837 1,447 * 2,032
12. Navayat 1,761 2,202 * 3,093
13. Pathan L06,920 119,961 168,497
*
14. Ravuttar * 17,034 23,926
*
15. Saiyad 170,125 175,588 * 246,631
16. Sait * 227 * 319
17. Sharif 1.,712 535 * 75l
, lB. Sheik ssg ,553 929,064
* 1,304,963
19. Other Mu:slims * 45,532
* 63,954

------------- _
.......
---~----------

Notes:.
* Figures are not availaO'.t~.;;.;
Please also see note on page No.lO.

------------
 -12-

TABLE IV - OTHER CASTES~

This tab~e prssant.s ~1gures of 334

castes. The list has been prepared with referenee
to the castes given in 1911, 192~ and 1931 Censuses
a£ter e1iminating the castes given in Tables I, II
and III. Out o£ these 334 castes 331 are included
urtder Hindus and 3 under Muslims.
The table has been presented in two
parts - (1) Hindus (i1) Muslims.
3. The estimate of 1951 population in this
table has been made in the same manner as in rable I.
As the total or the estimated popu1at1on in 1951 o~

these castes shows a considerable excess OVer the

\

1951 Census totals of these castes no attempt has

been made to adjust the estimated figures,
 -13-

l'ABI&. -Dl ... P~p~1Qtion of Oth6r castes in the

Censuses of 1911 - 1931 and estimated
population in 1951. (1) HINDUS.
MADBAS
..
*************~**********************************************************~
I ~Est1rnated I,

:: i
I"" .
'1"
" PEulat~Oi:i
':'"-?-~1::::J7 '19f1 r::7f:: :1, -::l: ,I
in " Ip.oPl11at1onlRemar~
j. ~

1. Agamudaiyan 349,753 368,639 * 517,790

2. Agaru 9,87 1,352 * 1,899
3. Agarwa1a 12 * * 17
4. Agasa 16,628 16,226 19,926 25,445
5. Aiyarakam 16,687 14,928 * 20,968
6. Alavan 1,406 1,201 * 1,687
7. Alayan
•
2 * 3
8. Alia" _ ~'
, , 11<"
22,179 21,839 * 30,675 .
9. Amba1akaran 185,177 164,748 * 231,405
10. Ambalavasi 20,218 15,381 * 2l,604
11. Ambattan 213,050 227,224 10,242 13,079
12. Anappan ~5,677 9,664 * 13,574
13., And! 82,123 -' 70,270 * 98,701
14. Anduran
, . 9,894 4,526 * 6,357
15. lI.rakal 778 514 * 722 .
16. Arasu 261 * \376
17. Arayan 5,424 5 t l58 7,245
... *
lB. Ariya 595 8~e
19. Arl.lva 8,755 10,555 * 14 t e26
20. Ashtaloh1 192 41 * 56
21. Avittan 91 * * 126
22. Badaga 38,180 40,329 43,075 QQ,007
23. Badhoyi 18,616 20,331 * ae.551
24. Bairagi 3,661 3,496 4t9~O
*
25. Ballala 332 ~52 ~13
*
26. Banajiga 11)640 9,930 * 1at~4e
27. Baniya 3,666 3,097 4,350
*
28. ijarber * * 1,026' l,~l0
 -14-

.1 :-, : :1 2: :_£: :p": 3 I::: :4 0_

29. Bedaru 49,893 40,1.2B
*
30. Belasali 6 * • 8
31. Bengali 54 ~64
* 2aO
32. Benia 3,522 2,521 * 3.541
33. Bepari 689 708 * 994
34. Bestha 47,676 48,838 ... 68 ,598
35. Bhandari 951 799 * 3.,122
36. Bhatrazu ~5, :;La7 ~7 ,847 * 25,066
37. Bhattia 91 ].32
* 185
38. Bhay1puo 654 1,894 * 2,660
39. Bhandari 22,362 19,657 24,934 31,641
40. B111ava ~57,O71 J.66,751 * ~4,218

41. Bing1 36 5· 7
*
42. Boda 5,688 3,205 ... 4.002
43. Bogam 27,507 26,9,57
* ~'.ee4
44. Boishnobo 1,094 1.,105 * .,552
45. Bolas1 10,304 8,332 * .~.g'75

46. Bondhia 508 401 * 563

47. Bondi11 9,771. 11.,064 It' 1.5,04~

48. Banka 1,756 755 ... .,060

49. BosantlYA 2,467 1,917 ... ~,69~

50. Boya 425,862 440,29S 54-5.06g e9 C,Q49

5],. Budubud!lkala 2,000 2,045 * '.~12
52. Chakkan 36,801 28 ,929 * 4Q,Q~4

53. Chaliyan 3~,324 29,4~

* 4.,~'1e
....
54. Chaptegara
.'
1,652 2,134
* ~.99'
55. Charog.~ 1,075 2,335 '* a,260
354 35 49
..
56.. Chembq'\it1
622 84
*
US
57. Chinda *
2,J.O~ 4,233 5.946
58 • Chud1t1ya *
59. Chuvano 9 * • 1.3

60. Dammula ].,250 3,737 * 5,249

61. Dasar! 33,438 35,025 * 49,196
 -15-

t § 2 § 3 A 4 I. : :-~. I :: 9
-

2. Dasi 4,981 13,090 * 18,386

....
'3. Devadiga 25,62l. 30,028 42,],77
*
v34. Devanga 260,273 273,560 384,242
*
65. Dhakkado . 2,646 1,37J..
* 1.,926
o. Dher
-"...
15 * * 22
....,
Dhobi 33,265 29,692 9,014 1].,511
68. Dhuliya 1,439 3,589 5,041.
*
690 Doluva 17,099 20,228 * 26,412
70. Dudekula 277 4,175 * 5,864
71. Eka1i * * 3,092 3,948
72. Gama11a :14:9 ,,127 253,847 300,553
*
73. GandJ.a 35,986 36,250 29,39l. 37,532
?4. Ganiga 17,584 17,473 22,292 28·,467

-."" Gatti 2,232 2,21.5 * 3,111

.....
:::l • Gauda 45,599 '50,083 * 70,347
Gaudo 40 ,36]. 26,728 * 37.542
3. Gaul1 ,280
: ~
3,021 • 4,243
79" Gavara 60,515 €?4,394 * 90,4-:18
'''I Gay1nti 1,665 1,978
* 2,718
,
'1 .... Ghana 12
* * 17
'2. GhontnX:a 1,245 503 III 707
'3., Godiya 1:0,604 16,937 • aa.790,
) 1. Gokha 120 156 21~
*
55. Golla 833,121. 832,386 ia6,773 94.0,Soo
-;6. Gosayi 299 699
* 1,263
~7 • Guda+a~ 4,442 2,946 .. 4,J,3e
.., Gudigara 430 1,358
... * ,1..907
9. GUjarat1 424 1.,313 • 1,844
1. Guni 1,523 1,348
* 1,893
I L.. Halepa"1Jt. . 6,102 2,084 .
* ,2,927
9-
". Heggade, 3,452 2,860
* 4,017
)3. Ha~oboleua 285 41.0
* *
>'1.. Idaiyan4: Yadava) 734,771 ?43,603 899.,677 1,~4S.888
 .,-16-

• :s::
J :~ :I 1
'.
?3 j [. I I 6
95. Id1ga (Arya Hihda 26J..,2a5 153,23? ·21.5,237
Setti Belija)
96. I ll.amaj an 7,160 8,650 12,150
*
97 .. Iluvan, 121,1.38 1.49,95~
* 2J.o..s2~

98 .. Indra (Arya Rlhlda 56,774 66,O~7

* 92,727
Setti Bel1ja)
99. Irula 100,659 99,874 * 140,283
".00. Ita 35 49
* *
J0:" .. Ja].arl 23,560 16,341 * 22,953
102 .. Janappan 42,707 4~,297
* 68 ,006
103. Janagam ],06,401 114,298 .. 160,543
J.04. Jetti 622 558 784
*
105. Jog1 18 ,297 ]'6,67S ,.. 23,422
106. Kabbera 20,101 13 ,24.1 ,.. lB,598
107. Kach1 1 1
* *
108. Kadu - Kankani 36 * * Q2
109. Kaduppattan 19,97], 21,207 * 29,787
1.10. Kahar 91 516 .. 725
1_11. Ka1kOlan(Sengunthar~ 368,347 406,638 4.4.,31 ~9,611
Sengunder, Kshatr1ya
1l2. Kallngi 24,609 23,182 33,013 42,1&3
113. Ka11nj1 411 1,],26 41,173 52,576
114. Kal1an 535,227 533,972 509,eS9 653,,090
1.15. Kammalan (Panohala 994,245 1,062,768 66e.147 l.1QS.624
Kamsa.1a, V1sva
Brahman, Visvakarma)
l16. Kamunchii 87 86 * 20,121
ll7. Kanisan 16,689 l4,446 .. 20,2~l

118. Kan1yan l,074 1,399 1,4TC l,e77

1.19. Kannadiyan 28,375 32,402 * 40,012
l20. Kappl1iyan 38,493 28,927 40fga~·
*
1~21. Karaiyan 4,565 13,71.3 • ~,agl

122. KaI.Uabatt~ 9,477 4,1B8 * 5,S82

1_23. Ka.rnam 22,975 89,094 46,314 59,143
124. Karumpurattan 1l,620 3,556 4,995 '
*
~25. Katasan J.,325 '1,230 ,* .1,?28

-
~. Kat1ke 1,243 707 * e!)3
J<;
 . ~ _g 3· ':1: :: 4

127. Kattu .. 'Mahrati 858 1,211 * 1,701

128. Kavan dan 10,311 16,742 * ca3,516
l29. Kavutiyan 6,365 5,219 3,gee 5,067
130. Kayasth 317 2" * 389
13l. Kela 291 2~ * 355
132. Kelas!
.
7,a13 5,211 * 7 ,319
133. Kevuto 34,44' 39,605 * 50,910
134. Kharv! 4,984 4,018 • 5,644
1.35. Khatri 5 1,,0'3 * 1,507
136. Kh odura 3,'72 a,201 • 4,496
137. Khoira 965 928 * l,aO~
1.38. Kichagara 2S * * 4~
1.39. 'Killekyata 1;~1,9 g~ . * i24
140. Kodagu 4 l46 * 205
1.41.. Kolata l,4~ .,ae~ * 1,941
142. 'Kolayan ~al;901 lO,le,. * l4,196
1.43. Koli
, . 1,215 646 • 9J.O
I

144. Koliyan l,08l 4,'056 * 5,697

.. .
145. Kondra 6,543 O.esa * 8.~70

l46. Kongan 1,545 7Z4 * l"l7

l47. Konkani 1,690 1,6~ * 2,~4

1.48. Koosari 2,19' 8,4:.34 • l1,846

'. ".

1.49. Koshtl 81 * * 117

150. Kota:ri l.,49' 144 * l,045
151. Kotegara 11,6~2 ., ,tl19 * e,e59
}.52. Ksh~triya l4'6,458 31.4,7()7 * 44i.037
153. Kudumo 22,772 24,""-18 * aa,7TS
1.54. Kukkundi 35 13 * l.8
~55. Kuluvan 473 555 * 780
1.56. Kumbara 38,307 49,751. * 69,880
 1 : :2 :a ~ : i : '7"C :: af 5: :r tL

'-"7 .. Kumbharo 18,123 29,142 * 40,933

3. Kunbl 1.8 * lie 26
-9. Kunnavan 4,351 4,211 5,915
*
60. Kurni 8,794 8,479 * ~1,9~O

-1. • Kuruba 231,819 139,706 * 196,231

•• Kurumban 144,095 l50,827 * 211,652

'")

"I
) .. Kusavan 153 ,127 ' 1.57,973 * 221,689
1
=• Kuttadi 4,~76 2,52\3 * 3,544
~. Lambadi 49 t 418 53,980 * 75,620
',66 .. Lohana 58 13 * 18
;7. Lohara 8,038 4,519 * 6,347
....,
, . Lon1ya, ~57 103 * 145
, . Magura 344 397 * 556
). Mahanti 7,587 4,36S * 6,127
.,
... Mahar 499 2 * 3
ulu 10,643 ',654 10,75.1-
:lIT ~; j
*
05- Malai -, Arasan 86 105 * J,4'
Malaiman 57,034 63,385 69,~31
'4. *
". Malava 2,766 2,551 * 3.66:3
-'6. Malayali 63,487 62,05& ;.; $7,164
'77 .. Malayan 9,602 7,883 * 11,072
,78. Maleyava J.36 ],54
* 216
.. Mali ~7,413 ' 25,480
... * :35,769
~O. blangala 172,666 17~,696 le53,J,ea ~,a66

'Sl. Mannan 32,547 30,894 * 43,~94

~. Maravan 364,762 4S0,0J.3 423,012 540,166

.s3. Marathi 34,442 32,649 34,.053 . 43,466
II• 4
Marayan 14,555 3,852 * 5,411
Maruthavan 152 ~94
'~5.
* *
2,873 4,035
!~6 • Marvar1 1,817 *
6,522 9,16~
'37. Mattia 6,661 *
 -19-

:: I : § 2 ~ ~ 0 4 0 5 D G

188. Madara 20,511 21,158 ~9,719

*
lE9. Melakkaran 10,925 1,983 . * 2,785
190. MeriA 197 74 * ~O4

191. Moili 3,534 787 * t1,105

192 .. Mandi 1,930 2,1.52 ~ 3,O~

193. Mudugar 1,210 1,685 2,367

*
194 .. Mukkuvan 19,215 1.6,104 ... 22,620
].95. Muli 5,243 4,937 * 6,935
196. JVluppan 7,958 1,501
* 2,108
197. Mussad 1,121 494 * 694
198 a Mutracha ~53,422 227,536 * 319,59'
199. Muttan 9,696 9,196 * 1.2 ,920.
·200. Muttiriyan 86,856 100,324 * 140,915
201. IVIUvvari 3,005 l,490 * ·2,893
202. Nagaralu. 14,569 31,848 44,734.
*
203. NagavSlsulu 24,983 25,338 * 35,-590.
204. Nai and Nai lB,8~i' 25,35' _
Brahaman * '"
'JOB. Nattaman 162,786 161-,197 ... ~26,417

206. Nattan 12,751 13 ,258 ... J.8 ,622

207. Nasllran * * 404 516
208. Navithan * * tt>Z,gl5 131,422
209. Nekkara

2l0.
.
Navut1yan
- .~
125 152
*
].,013
213
-1,294
,. * *
21l. Nese 850 5,186 * 7,264
~ , ..: ~ ...
212. Neyyala 11,71.7 12,8~5
* 18,O~

213. Nokk?n 4,523 3,375 * 4,741

,: .. ..'.~,

2],4. Nol1ya 2,361 2,780 * 3,905

~~5. 0<:;' chan 5,l77- 9,5e2 13,347
*
216. Odde 542,072 517,389 726,725
*
21.7. Odiya 13 ,522 l4,6l6 * 20,530
2lB. Ojall ~1,653 14,756 20,726
*
219. 01:1a1 to ~1.,50]' 11,756 * 16,512
 -20-

-- 1 A- 2 ~ 3 ~ 4 ~ 5 I 6

220. Paliyan .1,452 731 * 1,027

221. Palli - Vann1ya, 2,769,399 2,767,314 2,944,014 a,7Q9,506
Vanniya Kshatr1ya,
Vannikula Kspatrlya,
Agn1kula Kshatriya.
222. Pamvaikkaran 1,630 1,1.26 * 1,562
223. Fanara 258 * * 372
224. Panasa 903 128 * 180
225. Pandaram 66,868 64,499 * 90,595
226. Pandlto 1,158 5.,530 * 7,761
227. Pannikkan 30,083 * * 43,:329
228. Pand1ther * * 3,914 4,998
229. Panisavan ~,553 13,250
* 18,611
2~O. Par.a,desi 207 170 * 2~9

231. ·~P.ar1 varam 20,785 9,894 * J,3,897

232. Parlyar1 * 15,aw 19,459
233. Parel 1 1
* *
234. P.atel 1 * 1-
*
235. Patnulkaran 92,840 * * ~3,71?

236. Patara 18 ,104 15,758 * 2~,.a4

.
237. Patramela 1,078 l,~
* *
238. Pattanavan 35,472 23,792 * aa,4lS
.
239. Pattapu 13 ,375 13,375 * 1.8,?e7
240. Patvegara 29 168 * 236
241. 'Pent1ya 4,213 1,594 * 2.239
242. Per ike 24,965 18,687
., 26,24e
243. Picch1gunta . 8,977 7,874 * 1~.O60
244. Pombada 285 252 * 354
245. Pundra 1.6,914 22,046 * 30,966
246. Pothrlya 501 336
* 472
247. Pujari l.28 1,264 * 1,775
2~. Pul1uvan 8,533 8,556 * 12,016
249. Punjab! 13 17 * 24
250. Rajapuri ~1,420 9,060 12,726
*
 -2J..-

_-_:::__ _____ ~ '-_:_:::~§~g~~I~_::9~:_:~[_:'~i~:--~r= :_-~~: __ __ :~I~---'~§----

251 • .tta,..J_.put 17,603 18 ,3,61 6,410 8,186

252. Ra,m,p_an 5 * * 7
253. HC!.ll:~ar1 7,140 4,345 .. 6,103
Qi:~. i; .
254. Ravulo 5,702 5,693 .. 7,996
-'r
255. Rona
.')f',-:--
, ,'~ \ '(
39,166 26,780 * 37,615
256. Rong uni 8,169 7,325. .. 10,289
257. Sadar 3,715 1,955 .. 2,746
259. Sakan 5 * .. 7
259. Salva 1,778 3,287 .. . 4,757
260. Salapu 332 626 * 979
261. Sale 345,191 325,675 * 457,443
262. Samantan 4,663 4,663 * 6,550
263. Samantiya 14,750 17,277 .. 24,267
264. Sani 2,056 3,479 .. 4,867
2p5. S~jogi 886 1,995 .. 2~602
?66. Stj;Oyasi 323 3,587 .. '5,038
267. Sa.P'ltjl1ga 2,513 2,583 * ~,628
268. Satani(Sattada 43,178 40,43l 56 ,769
Sr1va1shnava) *
269. S·~ &f'~shtra * 90,821 127,567
(~?;~~ashtra Brahmin)
~70. Sayakkaran 2,763 227 319
*
271. Segidi 22,690 22,960 ~2,~50

272. Sembadavan 64,403 (53,055 * 86,561

273. Senakkudaly~ . 38,].33 ].3,61.5 19,1~4

274. Sepp111yan 345 * * 497

275.· Shanan (341,976 .. 9~-4,638

276. S1010 ].,658 210 .. ~95

277. Somara 76 * •• 109

278. Sonagara '339 218 * 305
279. Spndi 36,756 .34,161 47,983
*
·f

280. Sonkari 689 585 .. 622

281. S.t~plka
., - 255 * * 367
 -22-

1 ~ 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 § 6

282. Sundarm~, 46,707 44,194 * 62,075

283. Suddho 18 ,297 5,576 * 7,832
284. Sudra 1,201 2,450 * 3,441
285. Sunnari 3,690 4,586
* 6,44~

286. Tamballa 3,433 2,466 * 3,464

287. Tarakan 6,781 6,730 * 9,4(5:3
288. Telikul.a 9,397 29,698 19,414 24,792
289. Telli 22,481 32,802 20,663 26,387
290. Telugu 914 * * ].,316
291. Thakur 13 * * 19
292. Tiyan 639,832 676,395 950,064
*
293. T1Y8ro 3,053 2,661 3,738
*
294. Tegata 67,028 ' 69,723 * 97,933
295. Tohala 1,966 1,068 * 1,500
296. Tolkollan 3,304 689 * 91Sa
297. Tandaman 2,837 3,718 * 5,222
298. Tont1 2,272 2,360 * 3 ,~1.5
299. T~riya 9,974 3,295 4,628
*
300. T8ttiyan 155,748 153 ,741 * 215,945
301. Tsakala 362,748 361,951 383,556 489,601
302. Tudia 76 * * 109
303. Uppara 1l1,S51 108,673 152tQ42
*
304. Uppil1yan 45,331 41,912 58,870
*
305. Ural! 61,747 49,877 * 70,OS7
306. Vadugan 58,124 68,894 96,769
*
307. Vakkallga 80,798 80,300 J.12,789
*
308. Vala1yan 353 ,848 345,50~ 4Sgt~~1,
*
309. Valanch1an * * 746 9~

310. Vallamoan 25,322 27,904 39,194

*
3ll. Valuvad1 6,407 7,003 * 9,aa5
312. Vani 747 4,044 5,661
*
313. Van1yan 194,802 200,507 101,637 129,790
(Va1ngavasiya)
 -23-

':1: : ~ :::: I:K 'g:= :=r ~: 3 I ~ :r 5 : :C_9_,--,

:14. Vannan 242,025 250,557 198,891 253,964
15. Vaniger * * 3,297 4,2l0
16. Varam 94
* * 135
;17. Va dan 46,799 41,264 57,959
*
']B. Velakkattalavan 10,026 6,836 897 1,145
19. Velama. 49 5 ,9].3 433,943 * 609,516
~

~20 • Velan 3,394 3,42+ 4,805

*
::'.1. Ve1uttedan 11,654 8,663 3,419 4,366
~2. V1prav1nodi 382 595
* 836
-"3. Vettakkattan * * 59 751
~24. Viramusht1 1,883 2,21.3 * 3,115
'°5
;;_, . Vodo 105 107 * l50
"~6 • Yanad1 119,264 134,807 * leg ,260
~7 • Yata 47,800 42,846 * QO,lal
'q. Yerraltala 2,423 2,029 * 2,S5e
9. Yerukala 88,241 88,631 la4,491-
*
30. Yr>gi - Gurukkal 2,688 1,382
* l, 94 1
Unspecified Hindus 398 320 * 44~

----------------
----~-----------

N .. tes:-

Figures are not ava11aQle.

Tbe total estimated p.pulation ef
Other Castes in 1951 (Hindl,ls and M~al1ms
brn;bj a<X!~r1.1n it to the ab~ve table came
to 26,395,153 while the enumer~ted
popu13tion of the Other C.-tea '
is 19,716,215. As there is w1~e
variations between the two tctale
no attempt has been made to aOjust
the figures.

=================~
 -24-

UELE .VL Popu18tion of other Ca!t'tes in the

Censuses of' 1911 - 1931 and estimr:rt&d
popijlat1on in 1951 - (11) MUSLIMS. .

'. ~* **** ***** ** * ** * ** * * **** ** ** ** *** ******* ** *** **** ******* * '* -Ie ******* ** * *
¥
A IEat1mated I
Name of c'aste I tion in §populationIRemar:
19 1921 95

Dudeku1a. 71,335 72,334 * lOl,60f)

2. Labha1 401,703 368,880 351,893 449,367
3. Mappilla 1,032,757 ].,099,453
* 1,544,292

-----------------
----------~------

Notes:-
Figures are net ava11abl••
Please also see note on
page 23.
 -25-

APPENDIX

Extracts rrom the previous-~~UA

re~orts of Madr~s ~or Censuses ~9111
-1921. and 1931.

A-- SCHEDULED CASTES

Chakk1~iyanl- Chakk11iyans have increased

very largely in the Tamil Districts of the East C.ast
Central Division, but have decreased in Sluth Arcot and
.- ~

the districts south of it (except Madura). This decrease

again is probably the er~ect ~f increased emigration,
.
the increase in Chlngleput, North Arcot and Salem is
due to the decline of Malas and Madigas in th.$e
J
district~

Holexa=- Hi1eyas were 92,000 1n 1921, 50,000

ten years later. They were 155,000 in 1891 and have
..
dec11ned steadily.' It may be that the emergence Of
23,000 Pulayans a community not rec~rded ~rem Malabar
1n 1921. acc~unts for some of the missing Holeyas,
.
• ~93l_Madras Reg.rt P'ie~335.
,.

The raIl uader Holeyas eccurs in Bellary,

C~1mbatore and chiefly in South Kanara. The tall in
Bellary and Ceimbatere reflects the general decrease
~f popu1ation in the districts of Bel~ary and in the
taluk of Kollegal where the Coimbatore H.leyas a~e

found; the fall in South Kanara is partly made UP by

the presence of' 20 ,000 ]\~alas in th8" district.
 -26-

Kudubls~- Th~ K4dub~s, a jungle t~lpe ~ving

in· the hi11s o~ South Kanara, have lost nearly e ~rd

or their numbers since 2911. Probably either in 1921 or

at the. early Censuses there waS con:fuslon between Kupubl
and Kuruba.
, ];,921_Madras Report Page 157.

Kadan:- This interesting tribe shows a marked

decrease ~or. 1921-31. Small po~ caused many deaths among
them during the decade. In 1921 and 1911 no Kadans were
retu~ed under Colmbatore one or the districts with which
they·have always been associated, probably because they
fel1 belOW the mxnimum population quota. The trihe shows

.•
a. considerable excess of women, but in·Coimbatore ma1es
'

~e the greater in numbers.

- 1931 Mad~as ReBort Pase 364.

Kadans are junglB folk in the hills of ~a1abar;

the f'a1l. in their number may possibly be due to their
migration to Cochin or Tra'V.ancore.

- 1921 M?gras Re~ort Page 157.

"...

¥.adiga:- The greatest decrease among Uiadigas

oceurs in Bel1ary where it is no doubt a result o~ the
ramlne· conditions which obtained at the close of the decade,
and next in Kistna and Guntur where we have seen a great
addition to the Christian populat1on.

- 1921 Madras Report Page lPB.

ParaiYgQ:- The number o~ Paralyans h~s increased

every where: except in Tinnevelly and on the· Nllgiris; in
the Nllgiris, the reaSon 1s less recruiting ror the tea
estates, the shortage in Tinnevelly 1s probably due to
increased emigration to Ceylon.
~921 MadraS ReQort Pages ~58-
 B - SCHEDULED TRIBES

Chenc'hus! - The Chenchus at the time of" the

Census of 1921 were, many of them, hiding in the heart
o£ the Nallamalai hills rrom the police who were conducting
an extensive compaign against them. Tho wonder is not so
much that fewer of them should have been counted them in
l.91~', but that so many as 6,000 of' them should have been
found.
1921 Madras Report Page 157.

The numbers 'of this prob~bly the hardest

~1nking and least.attractive cf thq Presidency's
, ,..
primitive tribes, have, except in 1921 shown nn increase
at each Census. In 1921 a police drive was in progress
and, as Mr. Boag remarked, it WaS not the apparent
dec1ine in numbers that called ror comment so much as
the ~act that i t had. been possible to edbmerate 6,000
,

odd of' ~hem. This circumstance 'also goes some WClY to

ace oun t :for the 28t percent incre'ase which:~ 19'21-31
appears to yie~d.

1931 Madras Report P~ge 3§O~

Gond:- The largest increase in the number or

Gonds occured mostly at the Census of 1921; it may be
due to migration across the borders from the Central
Provinces or it may be due to con:fusion with Kh~nd or
Konda Dora, both which tribes have lost population in
the last decade.

, 1921 Madras Report Page ],58.

Qadaba:- Its numbe~ shows a decrease or 12

percent rrom 1921. The :figures for that year were 19
percent over 1911, an unusual note of increase ror an
 -28-

an agency pr1m1.tive tribe or indeed ,any community at al~ ove:._·

a deeede troub~ed by ep1dem~e and seare~ty ~n
wh~ch the province population increased only 2 percent

and the Agency population went down. The Gadaba

popu1atien increased steadily from 1881.~921 and this
~s ~ts r1rst recorded decline.

- ~931 Madras Repert Page 363.

Khond, Jatupus, Koyis and Iru~aS (Others;:-

The ~a~l in the strength of Khonds, Jatupus, Key1s, and
Iru~as is surfieiently explained by the bag con~itions o£
the c~eslng years of the decade •

.. ~,~,l. Madras ReEor-v Page 158.

Kenda Dora:- There has been a gpeat fall in the

strength .~ Konaa Doras in the Agency partly due to the
transfer to Vizegapatam district or certain Agency_ tracts
. whieh they inhabit; but ~e tribe as a whele has lost over
25 percent er its numbers in the 1ast years, i t 1s un-
certain whether this is due to mortality or emigration.

Koy~:- The Koya figures ·o£rer a ta1e of" steady

increase breken only by a 6.; percent decrease over 1911-21.
Thej.:r increase rate is much greatly t.han that for the other
Chief AgenQY tribes. The Koyas have n e ar1y doub~ed s1nee
1891. Eighty percent o~ Kcyas are ~ound in the Oo~avari

Agency. There they show an increase over 19~1 (there are no

separate district agency rigures ror 1921) of 6.7 percent
wh~1e the much smaller quota from Vizagapatam Agency has
gone UP 148 percent.

- 193+ Madras Report.,page 3'§h

 -29-

C - NON-BA.CKWaRD CLASSES

Brahman:- Among Brahmans, the main increase 1s

among ~elugu Brahmans whose number have risen by more than
.
15 percent. This increase has occured ch~efly in the
distric·ts of' Guntur,Kistna and Vizagapatam. But :Cor the
increase in the artisan community in those districts
there weuld have been r0ason to suspect that part at ~east

ef the increase was due to Kamsalas returned as V1sva

~. : '
Brahman and conrused with Brahmans 1n the abstraction
~fflces. With this pessibil1ty ru1ed ~ut~ it 1s di~ficult

to s:r:rer any p~ausible explanation why Brahmans in these

distr~cts should have increased £aster than other communi-
ties and raster than Brahmans who speak the other
...... ..
J.anguages .:r the Presidenc y except Ma1aya1.am and Kanarese.
It is among these sma11 communities that the proportion
is greatest.

~92~ Madras RepKt P§ge 155.

Bant:. Pract~cally the only community to show

normal etntinuous growth over the forty years ~s the Bants
who ha1~ signiricant~y rrom one of the most rem~e ~egions

ef the Presidency, South Kanara.

193~ Madras Repo~t PSlse 3~4.

L1ngayat:- Next in point of ~ncrease come the

Lingayats who now number 171,000 ag~in~t 234,500 in ~9~~

an increase . of' 27.1' percent • .i:.Iore than half' the sa people

are in B~ary District where inspite or the f'act the
pepul.a tion of" d1stric t has fallen by l~ perc cnt, the numboI'
of' L:1ngayats has risen by 23,000 or nearly 30 percent; tho---
 '-30-

there are ~lso 3,000 of them in the State of Sandur

where in 1911 they were only 200. They have ~ost a
little ground ~n COimbatore, but 1n Salem they have
more than dOUbled. The Lingayats on the Nilgiris are
a section or the Badagas who follow the Llngayat
doctrines.
- 1921 Madras Report Pages 156-197

Na:'ler:- The Nayars show a cont..L..l.lI.4.l:;;:d inerease

but the ~1gure for 1.911 is vory doubtfu1.

- 1931 Madras Repo~ Page 3~4.

~elaga:-The increase ameng Telagas occurs

•
ch~efly in Godavari District, where there 1s a
correspending decrease under Kapas and Te~agu speaking
Palis.

- 1921 Madras Report Page 155.

Te1agas doubled them8e1ves in the thirty years

lB9~.192~ and record a SUbstantial increase 1n the last
• •
• <.

de.ade th4ugh their rate has been raIling rrom the 30

peroent of' 1891-1931..' T'his caste has its chief' home i.n
a reg~.en ~arked by rapid growth in popu1at1.n in recent
gecages, the Te1ugu delta districts and its 1nQrease
prebabJ.y re:r~ects that nround it.·, Ii" so, the ra~ling

rate is .1' serne i.nterest.

- .193l Ivlndras 'Report Page 334.

Vaisya: - The greatest increase is :i.n the Vais\'-

"
who.have risen rrom 6,042 in 1911 to ].45,968 in 1.921; tt..,
increase is mostly accounted ror by a fa1.1 or 94,523 or
21 percent in the number of Komatis; and the greater PQr~

of this 10S8 is in the district of Gwntur.

- '~92~ MRdras Report Page 155.
 -31-

D - OTHER CASTES

Ambalakaran, Muttir~yan and Mutr2£ha:-

There is another ser~es or Castes between which there is
a rush or conrusion - Aroba1akaran, Mutracha and Muttiriyan.
Amba~akarans rose ~n 1911, but in 1921 rel1 to the level
at which they were in 1901, Mutrachas 1'el1 in 1.921, but
in 1921 have r~sen by 48 percent; while Muttiriyans have

increased steadily at each Census, A'Muthuraja Sangam~ has

recently been started in Trichinopoly, and the preference
for the tit1e Mutrncha may be 8scr1bed to.the activities
of' this Sangam.

~92! Mndras Repnrt Page 156.

~oYa:- The Boyas would have joined them but

:for a rem~rkable leap of' nearly 25 percent in the 1ast
decade.

- 1931 Madras Rep"rt Page 334.

Qamalla,Indra & ldiga (Others):- The next

~argest increase is in the Gamalla Caste. There is at
this Census as there has been since ).90J., some
interchange between. the Idiga, Indra and Gama11a Castes.
The traditional ~cupation of all these castes is the
drawing o~ Teddy and the three castes h~VG recently
found a commen orga~lsation under the tit1e or Arya
H1h1da or Settl Ba1ija Sangam.

1921 Madras ReQort Page 159.

~ummara, Kumbara and Kumbhar:- The nGxt castes

to engage attention are the Kummara, Kumbara and Kumbha~~

Evidently either at this Census or in the former years

 -32-

years there has been C onf'usion between the dif'f'erent

1anguages. In as much as the caste sorting was at this
census done by language, there ~s at the 1east a
probability that the 1921 f1gures may be more accurate.

- 1921 :Madras Report Page l.56.

K.hatriya~- The noxt most marked increase is

in Kshatriyas and for the same reason as in the case of'
Va~syas. A desire ror social advancement Dr some more
subtle reason induces various bodies such as the Razus
of the Circars" the Pall.is (of both the Tamil and Telugu
Branches) or the Nadars to return ~he1r caste as Kshatriy

1921 Madras Report Page 155.

Lebbai 'Mus~im);- The apparent £a11 in the

number of' Labbal ~s accounted for by the common tendency
or a Labba! as he rises in the social sca1e, to c1aim
membership of the Sheikh, Sanyal, Pathan etc. tribes.

- 192~ 1iadras Repert Page ~60.

Labbais are a notably high proliric community.

They have diminished apparently by 5 percent over a decadr-
o£ general increase. I~ we were to examine the number o~

reported Sheikhs and other filusalman Tribes in the Labbai

Zone the explanation or this apparent decline of a
~lour1shing community would be explained.

- .1931 N[adras ReEort Pages 334.

 ~33-

Maravan: - The Maravans of" Madura and

Tinnevel1y have increased by 50 and 30 percent, whi1e
in Ramnad their numbers have risen by 9.2 percent. In
Madura there is a corresponding decrease o:f Balijas,
and in Tinnevelly there is a marked :fall in the number
o:f Vellalas and or Paraiyans; but it is unnecessary' if"
not impossible to regard this increase and these
decreases as caUSe and errect.

- 1921 :Madras Report Page 157.

MappiJla (Musl.im): - The Mapp11.l.a who si.nce

the Census has made himself notorious by this great
rebellion is at home only on the West Coast. His numbers
have risen by 6t percent since 1911 and we have seen
that this increase is at least in part due to
conversions :from among the Cherumans.

- 1921 Madras Rep~rt Page ~60

Vaniyan: - Vaniyans are hali' ·their· 192~ :figures 0

Some of' this may be liue to confusion with Vannlyans

though the sounds o:f the words in Tamil are so dif:ferent
that this is not probably a source or much error;
particular care waS taken in the abstraction c£rices
with terms bearing any possibility of confusi~n •.

- 1931 Madras Report Page 334~

_.., _----------------
...,.---_
..... ...... _-----------