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Chapter 4 Motion in Two Dimensions: Wen-Bin Jian (簡紋濱) Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung University

The document outlines topics on two-dimensional motion including vectors, position, velocity, acceleration, constant acceleration, projectile motion, uniform circular motion, and relative velocity. Example problems are provided for each topic to illustrate key concepts and calculations.

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Simlindile Ngobela
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33 views21 pages

Chapter 4 Motion in Two Dimensions: Wen-Bin Jian (簡紋濱) Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung University

The document outlines topics on two-dimensional motion including vectors, position, velocity, acceleration, constant acceleration, projectile motion, uniform circular motion, and relative velocity. Example problems are provided for each topic to illustrate key concepts and calculations.

Uploaded by

Simlindile Ngobela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4 Motion in Two

Dimensions
Wen-Bin Jian (簡紋濱)
Department of Electrophysics
National Chiao Tung University
Outline
1. Vectors
2. Position, Velocity, and Acceleration
3. 2D Motion with Constant Acceleration
4. Projectile Motion
5. Uniform Circular Motion
6. Tangential and Radial Acceleration
7. Relative Velocity
1. Vectors
6,6
The Vector:
4,2

The Addition of The Displacement Vector:


0,0

Notation 1:

Notation 2:
1. Vectors
Vector Space:
Zero Vector:
Equality:
Addition:
Multiplying by a Scalar: ,
Inverse:
Subtraction:
Associative, Distributive, Commutative
Component of a Vector:
,
Unit Vectors:
2. Position, Velocity, and Acceleration
Displacement:

∆
Average Speed:
∆

∆
Instantaneous Velocity:
→ ∆

∆
Average Acceleration: ∆

∆
Instantaneous Acceleration:
→ ∆
2. Position, Velocity, and Acceleration
Trajectory: Displacement & Velocity Variation

∆
,

, ∆
3. 2D Motion with Constant Acceleration
Constant Acceleration:
3. 2D Motion with Constant Acceleration
Example: A particle move through the origin of an xy coordinate
system at t = 0 with initial velocity (m/s). The
particle moves in the xy plane with an acceleration (m/s2).
Determine the components of the velocity as a function of time
and the total velocity vector at any time.
initial conditions: (m), (m/s)
start from the differential equation:

̂ ̂
(m/s)

(m)
4. Projectile Motion
Trajectory of Projectile Motion:

at
4. Projectile Motion
0

Maximum Height & Horizontal Distance

H is maximum at

R is maximum at
4. Projectile Motion
0

5 /12
/3

/4

/6

/12
4. Projectile Motion
Example: A long-jumper leaves the ground at an angle of rad
above the horizontal and at a speed of 9.8 m/s. How far does he
jump in the horizontal direction? What is the maximum height
reached?

(s)

(m)

(m)
4. Projectile Motion
Example: A projectile is fired at a target T in a way that the
projectile leaves the gun at the same time the target is dropped
from rest. Show that if the gun is initially aimed at the stationary
target, the projectile hits the target.
4. Projectile Motion
Example: A projectile is fired at a target T in a way that the
projectile leaves the gun at the same time the target is dropped
from rest. Show that if the gun is initially aimed at the stationary
target, the projectile hits the target.
Assume the aiming angle of , the initial speed of
Traveling time:
Hitting condition:

The required condition for hitting the target is

aiming at the target


5. Uniform Circular Motion
A partical is in uniform circular motion. The radius of its trajectory
is and its speed in the motion is .

important physical quantities:

What’s the centripetal acceleration ?

∆ → ∆ →
5. Uniform Circular Motion
A partical is in uniform circular motion. The radius of its trajectory
is and its speed in the motion is .

Use polar coordinate, the positional vector

, where

The velocity vector is derived by differentiation

Differentiate it again
6. Tangential and Radial Acceleration

The change in speed:

The change in direction:

The total acceleration:


6. Tangential and Radial Acceleration
Example: A car exhibits a constant acceleration of 0.300 m/s2
parallel to the roadway. The car passes over a rise in the roadway
such that the top of the rise is shaped like a circle of radius 500.0 m.
At the moment the car is at the top of the rise, its velocity vector is
horizontal and has a magnitude of 6.00 m/s. What is the direction
and the magnitude of the total acceleration vector for the car at
this moment?
0.300 ̂

6.00
̂ 0.0720 ̂
500.0
7. Relative Velocity
Harry Potter and the
Forbidden Journey™ in 4K3D
7. Relative Velocity
Example: Barbara's velocity relative to Alex is a constant vBA = 50.0
km/h and car P is moving in the negative direction of the x axis. If
Alex measures a constant velocity vPA = -80.0 km/h for car P, what
velocity will Barbara measure?

Use index to solve the problem, ask

(km/h), (km/h)

(km/h)
7. Relative Velocity
Example: A plane moves due east (directly toward the east) while the pilot
points the plane somewhat south of east, toward a steady wind that blows to
the northeast. The plane has velocity VPW relative to the wind, with an airspeed
(speed relative to the wind) of 215 km/h, directed at angle south of east. The
wind has velocity VWG relative to the ground, with a speed of 65.0 km/h,
directed 30.0° east of north. What is the magnitude of the velocity VPG of the
plane relative to the ground, and what is ?

is in the due east direction

(km/h)

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