اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ
اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ
❖ These are a set of أﻓﻌﺎلthat are incomplete in
meaning. Some of those are -
● ُ َﯾﻛ ُْون-- َ ﻛَﺎن--- was/will be .. (Most common)
● ﯾُﺻْ ِﺑ ُﺢ-- َ أَﺻْ ﺑَﺢ--- To become ..
● َ َﻟﯾْس--- Is not .. (Translated as present but No Mudari)
● ﯾَظَ ﱡل-- ظَ ﱠل--- To remain ..
● ﻣَﺎدَ ا َم--- As long as ..(No Mudari)
❖ Sentence starts with ﻓﻌل ﻧﺎﻗصwill always be a J.I.
اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ Conjugating
اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ Conjugating
اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ Conjugating
Sentence Structure of اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ
❖ ﻛَﺎنَ َوأَﺧَ َوا ُﺗﮭَﺎAlways considered Jumlah Ismiya
❖ Instead of looking for inside/outside doers, we
look for inside/outside ‘اﺳمs
❖ ﻛَﺎنَ َوأَﺧَ َوا ُﺗﮭَﺎand its اﺳمtogether (inside or outside)
make up the ﻣﺑﺗدأ
❖ ﺧربof ﻛَﺎنَ َوأَﺧَ َوا ُﺗﮭَﺎwill always be in the ﻧﺻبstatus
❖ The ﻣﺗﻌﻠق ﺑﺎﻟﺧﺑرdoesn’t change
❖ To make it future Just put َ سor َ ﺳَ ْوفAt beginning
Practice
❖ َوﷲُ ﻋَ ﻠِﯾ ٌم ﺣَ ِﻛ ْﯾ ٌم ❖ أَﻧَﺎ ﺳَ ِﻌ ْﯾ ٌد
❖ أَ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم ﺧَ ْﯾ ُر أ ُ ﱠﻣ ٍﺔ ❖ ھ َُو ﻣِنَ اﻟﺻﱠﺎﻟِ ِﺣﯾْنَ
❖ َو ھ َُو ﻣِنَ ا ْﻟﻛَﺎﻓِرِ ﯾْنَ ❖ ھِﻲَ ﺻَ ِد ْﯾ َﻘ ٌﺔ
❖ أَ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم أَﻣْ َواتٌ ❖ ﻓَﺎطِ َﻣ ُﺔ طَ ﺎﻟِ َﺑ ٌﺔ
❖ ُھ ْم أَ ْﻧﻔُ ُﺳ ُﮭ ْم ﯾَظْ ﻠِﻣ ُْونَ ❖ أَ ْﻧﺗُنﱠ ﻣُﺳْ ﻠِﻣَﺎتٌ
Conjugating َﻟَﯿْﺲ
❖ ﻟﯾسis conjugate as Madi But Translated as Mudari
Conjugating ظَ ﱠﻞ
Conjugating ظَ ﱠﻞ
Practice
❖ َو ﻛَﺎنَ َوﻋْ ُد رَ ﺑﱢﻲ ﺣَ ّﻘًﺎ ❖ ُﻛ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم أَﻋْ دَ ا ًء
❖ ﺷ ُﮫ ﻋَ ﻠَﻰ اﻟﻣَﺎ ِء َوﻛَﺎنَ ﻋَ رْ ُ ❖ َو ﻛَﺎنَ َﻟ ُﮫ َﺛ َﻣ ٌر
❖ َو ﻛَﺎنَ ﷲُ َواﺳِ ﻌًﺎ ﺣَ ﻛِﯾﻣًﺎ ❖ َﻓ َﻠﯾْسَ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﯾ ُﻛ ْم ُﺟﻧَﺎ ٌح
❖ ﻗَدْ ُﻛﻧْتَ ِﻓ ْﯾﻧَﺎ ﻣَرْ ﺟ ًُّوا ❖ ﻟَﺳْ تُ ﻣ ُْؤ ِﻣﻧًﺎ
❖ ❖ َﻓﺗُﺻْ ِﺑ ُﺢ اﻷَرْ ضُ ﻣُﺧْ ﺿَ رﱠ ًة ظَ ﻠﱡوا ﻋَ ﺎ ِﻛ ِﻔﯾْنَ
❖ أ َْو ﯾُﺻْ ﺑِﺢَ ﻣَﺎؤُ ھَﺎ ﻏَ ْورً ا ❖ ظَ ﱠل َوﺟْ ُﮭ ُﮫ ﻣُﺳْ َو ّدًا
Complex Sentence Structure
❖ In Normal J.I. a ﺧﺑرcan be a full sentence (J.I/J.F)
❖ But with ﻛﺎن, the ﺧﺑرcan only be a J.F.
❖ If ﻛﺎنComes with ﻣﺿﺎرعit can mean 2 things -
■ 1. “was/were -doing” as in “I was cooking.”
➢ ُإِ ﱠﻧﻣَﺎ ُﻛﻧﱠﺎ َﻧﺧ ُْوضُ َو َﻧﻠْﻌَ ب
■ 2. “used to x” as in “I used to cook”.
➢ ﻛَﺎﻧَﺎ َﯾﺄْﻛ َُﻼ ِن اﻟطﱠﻌَ ﺎ َم
Complex Sentence Structure
❖ If ﻛﺎنComes with ﻣﺎضit mean -
■ The event occurred long ago.
➢ إِنْ ُﻛﻧْتُ ﻗُ ْﻠ ُﺗ ُﮫ َﻓﻘَدْ ﻋَ ﻠِﻣْ َﺗ ُﮫ
❖ ِ ﻣ+ ُ = َﯾﻛُونSuspect in the past
َﺎض
❖ Also ﻣﺿﺎرع+ أﺻﺑﺢ----- Started to do
❖ ﻣﺿﺎرع+ ظل----- Kept doing
❖ ﻣﺿﺎرع+ ﻟﯾس----- Does not do
Negation اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ
❖ To negate in the past
● ﻣﺎ+ ﻛﺎنor
● َﻟ ْم+ َْﯾﻛُن
❖ To negate in the present
● َﻻ+ َُﯾﻛ ُْون
● ﻣَﺎ+ َُﯾﻛ ُْون
❖ To negate in the future
● ْ ﻟَن+ ََﯾﻛ ُْون
Special Negation with َ ﻛَﺎنOnly
1. ___ ْﻣَﺎ ﻛَﺎنَ لِ ___أَن
i. “It is not appropriate for X to do Y”.
ﻣَﺎ ﻛَﺎنَ َﻟ ُﮭ ْم أَنْ ﯾَدْ ُﺧﻠ ُْوھَﺎ
ii. E.g.
2. ___ ِﻣَﺎ ﻛَﺎنَ ___ل
i. “X would not be one to Y”.
ii. E.g. ﻣَﺎ ﻛَﺎنَ ﷲُ ﻟِﯾُﻌَ ﱠذ َﺑ ُﮭ ْم َو أَﻧْتَ ِﻓ ْﯾ ِﮭ ْم
اﺳْ م َﺗﻔْﺿِ ﯾْل
اﺳْﻢ ﺗَﻔْﻀِ ﯿﻞ
❖ Comparatives are called اﺳم ﺗﻔﺿﯾل
❖ Always follow the pattern أﻓْﻌَ ُل
❖ ْ ﻣِنis used to construct phrase like “more then”
or “Bigger then”
● أﻛْ َﺑ ُر ِﻣﻧﱢﻲ
● ﷲ أَﺣْ ﺳَ نُ ِﻣ ْﻧ ُﮭ ْمِ ﻋَ ْﺑ ُد
● أَﻧَﺎ ﺧَ ْﯾ ٌر ِﻣ ْﻧ ُﮫ
اﺳْﻢ ﺗَﻔْﻀِ ﯿﻞ
ﺟﻣﻊ ُﻣ َﻛﺳﱠر ﺟﻣﻊ ﺳَ ﺎﻟِم ُﻣ َﺛﻧﱠﻰ َواﺣِد
أﻓَﺎﻋِ ُل أﻓْﻌَ ﻠُونَ أﻓْﻌَ َﻼ ِن أﻓْﻌَ ُل ﻣُذَ ﻛﱠر
ﻓُﻌَ ٌل ﻓُﻌْ َﻠﯾَﺎتٌ ﻓُﻌْ َﻠﯾَﺎ ِن ﻓُﻌْ ﻠٰ ﻰ ﻣ َُؤﻧّث
اﺳْﻢ ﺗَﻔْﻀِ ﯿﻞ
❖ We can make them superlative by adding ال
● أﻛْ َﺑ ُر ← اﻷﻛْ َﺑ ُر
● أﺻْ ﻐَ ُر ←اﻷﺻْ ﻐَ ُر
❖ Or by making them Mudhaf
The best part of the book ب
ِ أَﺣْ ﺳَ نُ اﻟ ِﻛﺗَﺎM.I Singular & Proper
The best of the books ب
ِ أَﺣْ ﺳَ نُ اﻟ ُﻛ ُﺗ M.I plural & Proper
The best book ب
ٍ أَﺣْ ﺳَ نُ ِﻛﺗَﺎM.I Singular & Common
اﺳْﻢ ﺗَﻔْﻀِ ﯿﻞ
● ﺧَ ﯿْﺮُ ُﻛﻢْ َﻣﻦْ ﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠﻢَ ا ْﻟﻘُﺮْآنَ َوﻋَ ﻠﱠﻤَ ُﮫ
● ﺟَ ْﯾ ُر ُﻛ ْم ﺟَ ْﯾ ُر ُﻛ ْم ِﻷھْ ﻠِ ِﮫ
● أ ﱡﯾ ُﮭ ْم أﺣْ ﺳَ نُ ﻋَ ﻣ ًَﻼ
● ص أﺣْ ﺳَ نُ اﻟﻘَﺻَ ِ
● أﺟْ َﻣ ُل َو َﻟ ٍد
● ب ٰھذَ ا أ ْﻧ َﻔ ُﻊ اﻟ ُﻛ ُﺗ ِ
● أ ﱡﯾ ُﻛﻣَﺎ أ ْﻛ َﺑ ُر
أﻟ َْوان َو ُﻋﯾُوب
أ ْﻟﻮَان و ُﻋﯿُﻮب
❖ In Arabic Colors & Body defects are also follow
the same pattern of Ism Tafdeef (ُ)أﻓْﻌَ ل
Plural Feminine Masculine
ُﺣ ْﻣ ٌر ﺣَ ﻣْرَ ا ُء أَﺣْ َﻣ ُر
ِﺑ ْﯾ ٌد َﺑﯾْدَ ا ُء ُأ ْﺑﯾَض
ﺳ ُْو ٌد ﺳَ ْودَ ا ُء أﺳْ َو ُد
ﺧُﺿْ ٌر ﺧَ ﺿْ رَ ا ُء أَﺧْ ﺿَ ُر
ﺻ ْﻔ ٌر
ُ ﺻَ ﻔْرَ ا ُء أَﺻْ َﻔ ُر
أ ْﻟﻮَان و ُﻋﯿُﻮب
Plural Feminine Masculine
ﺻ ْﻠ ٌﻊ
ُ ﺻَ ﻠْﻌَ ﺎ ُء أَﺻْ َﻠ ُﻊ
ُﺑ ْﻛ ٌم َﺑ ْﻛﻣَﺎ ُء أ ْﺑ َﻛ ُم
طُرْ شٌ طَ رْ ﺷَﺎ ُء أطْ رَ شُ
ُﻋ ْﻣ ٌﻲ ﻋَ ﻣْ ﯾَﺎ ُء أﻋْ ﻣَﻰ
ﺑﺎب ِا ْﻓﻌ َِﻼل Family IX
ﻣُﺣْ ﻣَرﱞ اِﺣْ ﻣِرَ ارً ا ﯾَﺣْ ﻣَرﱡ اِﺣْ ﻣَرﱠ
اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل اﻟﻣﺻْ در اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ
X X X X
اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول اﻟﻣﺻْ در اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول
ﻣُﺣْ ﻣَرﱞ اِﺣْ ﻣَرﱠ اِﺣْ ﻣَرﱢ اِﺣْ ﻣَرِ رْ ﻻ ﺗَﺣْ ﻣَرﱠ ﻻ ﺗَﺣْ ﻣَرﱢ ﻻ ﺗَﺣْ ﻣَرِ رْ
اﺳم ظرف ﻓﻌل اﻟﻧﮭﻲ ﻓﻌل اﻷﻣر
ﺣَ رُوف ﻧِدَ اء
ﺣُﺮوف ﻧﺪاء
❖ ﯾَﺎ ﷲ
❖ Here ﯾﺎis & ﺣَ رْ ف ﻧِداءthe word ﷲis ُﻣﻧ َٰﺎدى
❖ If ُﻣﻧ َٰﺎدىis ُﻣﻔْرَ د- it will be light - e.g. ﯾَﺎ زَ ْﯾ ُد \ ﯾَﺎ َو َﻟ ُد
❖ If ُﻣﻧ َٰﺎدىis Masculine And with ال- have to add اَ ﱡﯾﮭَﺎ
- e.g. ﯾَﺎ اَ ﱡﯾﮭَﺎ اﻟ َْو َﻟ ُد
❖ If ُﻣﻧ َٰﺎدىis Feminine And with ال- have to add اَ ﱠﯾ ُﺗﮭَﺎ
- e.g. ُﯾَﺎ اَ ﱠﯾ ُﺗﮭَﺎ ا ْﻟ ِﺑﻧْت
❖ If ُﻣﻧ َٰﺎدىis ﻣُﺿﺎف- it’s must be Nasb - e.g. ﷲ ِ َﯾَﺎ ﻋَ ﺑْد
ﻓِﻲ ﻣَﺣَ ل ّ
ﻓِﻲ َﻣ َﺤ ّﻞ
❖ We know singular ism has Status -
■ اﺳم ﻣَرْ ﻓُوع \ اﺳم َﻣ ْﻧﺻُوب \ اﺳم ﻣَﺟْ رُور
❖ But When a sentence is in a particular status
Arab labels them as ﻓﻲ ﻣَﺣَ ل رﻓﻊ \ﻧﺻب\ﺟر
❖ ﻓﻲ ﻣَﺣَ ل رﻓﻊ- In Jumlah ismiyyah Khabar can be a
Full sentence (J.i/j.f) or often a sentence can
come as a Sifah to a Rafa Mausuf
■ ﷲُ ﺟَ ﻌَ َل َﻟ ُﻛ ُم اﻷرْ ضَ ﺑِﺳَ ﺎطًﺎ
ﻓِﻲ َﻣ َﺤ ّﻞ
❖ ﻓﻲ ﻣَﺣَ ل ﻧﺻب- A sentence (J.i/j.f) can come as
Mafuul Bihi or Haal or often a sentence can
come as a Sifah to a Nasb Mausuf
■ ﻗَﺎﻟُو آ َﻣﻧﱠﺎ
❖ ﻓﻲ ﻣَﺣَ ل ﺟر- A sentence (J.i/j.f) can come as
Mudaf Ilai or after Harf Jarr or often a sentence
can come as a Sifah to a Nasb Mausuf
■ إِذْ ﺗَﺳْ َﺗ ِﻐ ْﯾﺛ ُْونَ رَ ﱠﺑ ُﻛ ْم
Compound
اﺳﻢ
أَنْ اﻟﻣَﺻْ دَ رِ ﯾﱠﺔ
ْأَن
❖ ْ أَن- To/That. Which Makes the Mudari light / ﻣﻧﺻوب
❖ E.g. َﯾﺄْ ُﻛ ُل- He eats
■ أَنْ َﯾﺄْ ُﻛ َل- To eat (Sound like a idea/)ﻣﺻدر
❖ So it transform a sentence into a compound اﺳم
◆ ﯾُرِ ْﯾ ُد أَنْ ﯾَذْ ھَبَ إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﻣَﺳْ ِﺟ ِد
◆ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﯾ ِﮫ أَنْ ﯾَذْ ھَبَ إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﻣَﺳْ ِﺟ ِد
◆ أَنْ َﺗﺻ ُْوﻣ ُْوا ﺧَ ْﯾ ٌر َﻟ ُﻛ ْم
أَنﱠ
أَنﱠ
❖ أَنﱠ- That. Which Makes the اﺳمto ﻣﻧﺻوب
❖ E.g. ٌ ھ َُو طَ ﺎﻟِب- He is a student
■ ٌ أَ ﱠﻧ ُﮫ طَ ﺎﻟِب- That he is a student (not complete sentence, act
as a piece of sentence)
❖ So it transform a sentence into a compound اﺳم
◆ ٌﻗَﺎ َل أَ ﱠﻧ ُﮫ طَ ﺎﻟِب
◆ ََوﯾَﺣْ ﺳَ ﺑ ُْونَ أَ ﱠﻧ ُﮭ ْم ُﻣ ْﮭ َﺗد ُْون
◆ َﺗ َﺑﯾﱠنَ َﻟ ُﮫ أَ ﱠﻧ ُﮫ ﻋَ د ﱞُو
إِذْ -إذَ ا -ﯾَو َم
ﯾَﻮْ َم- إِذَا- إِ ْذ
❖ All of them are ظرفand act as special Mudhaf
❖ These 3 are Special Special Mudhaf which turns next
complete sentence to MI (Fi Mahal Jaar)
ھ َُو ﻗَﺎ ِء ٌم He is standing
إِ ْذ - When (past) إِذْ ھ َُو ﻗَﺎ ِء ٌم When he was standing
إِذَا - When (future) إِذَ ا ھ َُو ﻗَﺎ ِء ٌم When he will be standing
ﯾَﻮْ َم- e day on which ﯾ َْو َم ھ َُو ﻗَﺎ ِء ٌم The day on which he will
be standing
إِ ْذ- When
❖ Can come with J.I or J.F; both ﻣﺎضand ﻣﺿﺎرع
❖ Translates in the past-tense regardless
■ إِذْ أَ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم َﻗﻠِ ْﯾ ٌل
■ ََو إِذْ ﻏَ دَ ْوتَ ﻣِنْ أَھْ ﻠِك
■ إِذْ ﺗَﺳْ َﺗ ِﻐ ْﯾﺛ ُْونَ رَ ﱠﺑ ُﻛ ْم
إِذَا- When
❖ Can come with J.I or J.F; both ﻣﺎضand ﻣﺿﺎرع
❖ Translation differ depending on what follows
❖ With J.I. --- “suddenly” or “surprisingly”. إذا اﻟﻔُﺟَ ﺎ ِﺋﯾﱠﺔ
● َﻓﺄ َ ْﻟﻘَﺎھَﺎ َﻓﺈِذَ ا ھِﻰَ ﺣَ ﱠﯾ ُﺔ ﺗَﺳْ ﻌَ ﻰ
❖ With Madi -- “ إذا اﻟﺷرطﯾﺔindicates a single event”
● إِذَ ا ُذﻛِرَ ﷲُ َو ِﺟﻠَتْ ﻗُﻠ ُْو ُﺑ ُﮭ ْم
❖ With Mudari -- indicates a repeated event.
● َوإِذَ ا ُﺗ ْﺗﻠَﻰ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﯾ ِﮫ آﯾَﺎ ُﺗﻧَﺎ َوﻟﱠﻰ ﻣُﺳْ ﺗَﻛْ ﺑِرً ا
ﯾَﻮْ َم- e day on which
❖ Can come with J.I or J.F; Only ﻣﺿﺎرعNever with ﻣﺎض
❖ Translated always as, “The day on which..”
❖ With J.I.
● َﯾ َْو َم ُھ ْم ﺑﺎرِ ز ُْون
❖ With Mudari
● َﯾ َْو َم ﻻ َﯾ ْﻧ َﻔ ُﻊ ﻣَﺎ ٌل َوﻻ َﺑﻧ ُْون
اﺳﻢ Compound
اﻻﺳْ ُم اﻟﻣ َْوﺻ ُْول ُ َوﺻِ َﻠ ُﺗ ُﮫ
اﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ اﻟﻤَﻮْ ﺻُﻮْ ُل
in the Quranاﺳم ❖ Most commonly used compound
❖ 3 sets of words….
اَﻟﱠ ِذﯾْنَ اَﻟﱠذَ ا ِن -اَﻟﱠذَ ْﯾ ِن اَﻟﱠذِي
ا ﱠَﻻﺋِﻲْ orا ﱠَﻻﺗِﻲ اَﻟﱠﺗَﺎ ِن -اَﻟﱠ َﺗ ْﯾ ِن اَﻟﱠﺗِﻲ
ﻣَنْ ﻣَﺎ
Properties of اﻟﱠﺬي
❖ Always Proper
❖ Number & Gender self expletonar
❖ Status is depend of context - e.g.
➢ َإِنﱠ اﻟﱠذِﯾن
➢ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﱠذِي
❖ It turns a complete sentence to a one complex
word!!
➢ اﻟذي ﻗﺎ َل-- ﻗَﺎ َل
➢ اﻟذي ھو ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺟد
Usage of Ism Mawsul
❖ As they are treated as a complex single اﺳم.
They can play any role that a normal اﺳمplays.
◆ ﻗَﺎ َل اﻟﱠذِﯾنَ َﻛ َﻔر ُْوا
◆ إِذَ ا َﻟﻘ ُْوا اﻟﱠ ِذﯾْنَ آ َﻣﻧ ُْوا
◆ ﺻدُو ُر ُھ ْم أَ ْﻛ َﺑ ُر
ُ َوﻣَﺎ ﺗُﺧْ ﻔِﻰ
◆ ُأ ُْو َﻻءِكَ اﻟﱠ ِذﯾْنَ ھ َٰد ُھ ُم ﷲ
Usage of Ism Mawsul
★ ﻧَﺎ ُر ٱ ﱠ ِ ٱ ْﻟﻣُوﻗَدَ ةُ ٱﻟﱠﺗِﻰ َﺗ ﱠطﻠِ ُﻊ ﻋَ ﻠَﻰ ْٱﻷَ ْﻓـِٔدَ ِة
★ ﻗَدْ ﺳَ ﻣِﻊَ ﷲُ ﻗ َْو َل اﻟﱠﺗِﻰ ﺗُﺟَ ﺎ ِدﻟُكَ ﻓِﻰ زَ ْو ِﺟﮭَﺎ
★ ت ﺻﻠِﺣَ ﺎ ِ إِنﱠ اﻟﱠ ِذﯾْنَ آ َﻣﻧ ُْوا َوﻋَ ِﻣﻠ ُْوا اﻟ ﱠ
★ َو ﻋَ ﻠَﻰ اﻟﱠ ِذﯾْنَ ﯾُطِ ْﯾﻘُو َﻧ ُﮫ
★ ت َﺎوا ِ ِ ﱠ ِ ﻣَﺎ ﻓِﻰ اﻟﱠﻣ َ
ْﻣَﺎ & ﻣَﻦ
❖ ْ ﻣَن- Who/Whoever, is used for person but it is
more ambiguous then اﻟذي
❖ ﻣَﺎ- What/Whatever, is used for anything and it is
most ambiguous
❖ When Allah used اﻟذيhe is talking about specific
group of people then ﻣﺎ
❖ ﻣﺎis more open ended
ﻋَﺎﺋِﺪ
❖ The ﻋﺎﺋدis a pronoun within the ﺻﻠﺔwhich refers
back to the اﺳم ﻣوﺻول
❖ It literally means ‘the one who comes back’.
❖ It can appear as an attached, detached, inside, or
implied pronoun.
❖ It always matches in number and gender with
theاﺳم ﻣوﺻول
❖ There is no equivalent of a ﻋﺎﺋدin English, and it is
DISREGARDED WHEN TRANSLATING.
ﻋَﺎﺋِﺪ
❖ ﻣَﺎ ﻗَﺎ َل- What he said
❖ ﻣَﺎ ﻗَﺎ َﻟ ُﮫ- What he said it
❖ ﻧَﻌْ َﻠ ُم ﻣَﺎ َﻛ َﺗ َﺑ ُﮫ- We know what he wrote (it).
● ﻋﺎﺋدis optional. We can use is or not use it both
are correct Arabic.
● In Quran Allah sometimes use it sometimes
not.
اﻻ ْﺳ ُﻢ اﻟﻤَﻮْ ﺻُﻮْ ُل
= اِﺳْ ُم
ﻓَﺎﻋِ ل ﺻِ َﻠ ُﺔ اﻟﻣَوﺻُول
َﻣ ْﻔﻌُول اﻟﻣ َْوﺻُول
ُﻣ ْﺑﺗَدَ ا ﺷِ ْﺑ ُﮫ ﺟُﻣْ ﻠَﺔ ﺟُﻣْ ﻠَﺔ
ﺧَ ﺑر ﺧَ ﺎص ُﻣ ْﺷﺗَرَ ك
ﺻِ ﻔَت ﻓِﻌْ ﻠِﯾﱠﺔ ظَ رْ ف ﺟَ ﺎر ﻣَﺟْ رُور اِﺳْ ِﻣﯾﱠﺔ
ﻣُﺿَ ﺎف ِاﻟَﯾﮫ
ﻣَﺟْ رُور ﻋَ ﺎﺋِد
COMPOUND
ﺻﻔﺔ
اﻟﻤَﻮْ ﺻُﻮْ ف وَاﻟﺼِ ﻔَﺔ
with same 4 propertiesاﺳم ❖ Two or more
ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ ﻣَرْ ﻗ ُْو ٌم ●
ﺻﻔﺔ can beاﺳم 1. Normally 2 kinds of
اﺳم ) Any singleاﻻﺳم اﻟﻣﻔرد( ■
)ﻣوﺻوف (Only with Properاﺳم ﻣوﺻول ■
ﷲُ اﻟذي ◆
اﻟﻣ ُْو ِﻣﻧُونَ اﻟذﯾنَ ◆
اﻟﻤَﻮْ ﺻُﻮْ ف وَاﻟﺼِ ﻔَﺔ
ﺻﻔﺔ 2. Two kinds of Fragment can be
إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ●
➢ ِ ﱠ ِ رَ بﱢ اﻟﻌَ ﺎ َﻟ ِﻣﯾْنَ
➢ َﺑ ﱠد ْﻟﻧَﺎ ُھ ْم ُﺟﻠُودًا ﻏَ ﯾْرَ ھَﺎ ﻟِ َﯾذُوﻗ ُْوا اﻟﻌَ ذَ ابَ
➢ َواﻟْﺣَ بﱡ ذُو اﻟْﻌَ ﺻْ فِ َواﻟرﱠ ﯾْﺣَ ﺎنُ
➢ ﻗُ ْل إِ ﱠﻧﻣَﺂ أَﻧَﺎ َﺑ َﺷ ٌر ِﻣ ْﺛﻠُ ُﻛ ْم
اﻟﻤَﻮْ ﺻُﻮْ ف وَاﻟﺼِ ﻔَﺔ
ﺻﻔﺔ 2. Two kinds of Fragment can be
)ﻣوﺻوف (Only with Commonاﻟﺟﺎر واﻟﻣﺟرور ★
رَ ُﺟ ٌل ﻣِنْ ﻗُرَ ﯾْشِ ➢
ض➢ دَ آ ﱠﺑ ًﺔ ﻣِنَ اﻷَرْ ِ
طَ ﺂ ِﺋ َﻔ ٌﺔ ِﻣ ْﻧ ُﻛ ْم ➢
اﻟﻤَﻮْ ﺻُﻮْ ف وَاﻟﺼِ ﻔَﺔ
3. Two kinds of Sentence can be ﺻﻔﺔ
★ ( ﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﺳﻣﯾﺔOnly with Common)ﻣوﺻوف
★ ( ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﯾﺔOnly with Common)ﻣوﺻوف
❖ A common اﺳم
❖ Immediately followed by J.I. or J.F.
❖ The ﻋﺎﺋدwithin J.I. or J.F. must match ﻣوﺻوف
in number & gender
اﻟﻤَﻮْ ﺻُﻮْ ف وَاﻟﺼِ ﻔَﺔ
ﺻﻔﺔ Sentence as
➢ إِ ﱠﻧﮭَﺎ َﻛﻠِ َﻣ ٌﺔ ھ َُو ﻗَﺂ ِﺋﻠُﮭَﺎ
➢ ﯾ َْو ٌم ﱠﻻ َﺑ ْﯾ ٌﻊ ﻓِﯾ ِﮫ َو َﻻ ﺧ َِﻼ ٌل
➢ رِ ﯾ ٌﺢ ﻓِﯾﮭَﺎ ﻋَ ذَ ابٌ أَﻟِﯾ ٌم
➢ ﺟَ ﻧﱠتٌ ﺗَﺟْ رِ ى ﻣِنْ ﺗَﺣْ ِﺗﮭَﺎ ْاﻷَ ْﻧﮭَﺎ ُر
➢ ﷲ
ﺻرُو َﻧ ُﮫ ﻣِنْ دُو ِن ِ ِﻓﺋَتٌ َﯾ ْﻧ ُ
اﻟ ُﺟ ْﻣﻠَﺔ اﻟﺷﱠرْ طِ ﯾﱠﺔ
اﻟ ُﺨ ْﻤﻠَﺔ اﻟﺸﱠﺮْ طِ ﯿﱠﺔ
❖ It is the conditional sentence. If …... & then
sentence
➢ If you study then you will pass
❖ The “IF” part is ﺷَرْ ط
❖ And the “THEN” part is called \ ﺟَ َوابُ اﻟﺷﱠرْ ط
ﺟَ زاء
❖ Both part Must be on the Lightest form
اﻟ ُﺨ ْﻤﻠَﺔ اﻟﺸﱠﺮْ طِ ﯿﱠﺔ
● إِنْ َﯾ ْﻧﺻُرْ أ ْﻧﺻُرْ
● إنْ أَﺣْ ﺳَ نَ أﺣْ ﺳَ ﻧْتُ
● إِنْ َﺗﻣْﺳَ ﺳْ ُﻛ ْم ﺣَ ﺳَ َﻧ ٌﺔ َﺗﺳ ُْؤ ُھ ْم
● إنْ أﺻَ ﺎ َﺑ ُﮫ ﺟَ ْﯾ ٌر اطْ َﻣﺄ َنﱠ ِﺑ ِﮫ
فin ﺟﻮاب ﺷﺮط
❖ Sometimes the Then... portion has فin it.
❖ Usually فis not used because both part is
lightest or in same form.
❖ But If ﺷرطand ﺟوابis mismatched then فis
mentioned
■ ﷲ ﻏَ ﻧِﻰﱞ ﻋَ ْﻧ ُﻛ ْم
َ إِنْ َﺗ ْﻛﻔُر ُْوا َﻓﺈِنﱠ
Other Conditional Words
❖ ﻣَﺎand ِْ ﻣَنand أَ ْﯾ َﻧﻣَﺎalso can be used as Condition
❖ There are many ﻣَﺎand ْﻣَن. We can Identify -
Both of them will followed by lightest
■ ﷲ ﯾ َُوفﱠ إِ َﻟ ْﯾ ُﻛ ْمِ ِﻣَﺎ ُﺗ ْﻧ ِﻔﻘ ُْوا ﻣِنْ ﺷَﻰْ ٍء ﻓِﻰ ﺳَ ِﺑﯾْل
■ َﻣ ِن اھْ ﺗَدَ ى َﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧﻣَﺎ َﯾ ْﮭ َﺗدِى ﻟِ َﻧﻔْﺳِ ِﮫ
■ أَ ْﯾ َﻧﻣَﺎ ُﺛ ِﻘﻔ ُْوا أ ُ ِﺧذ ُْوا
■ ُأَ ْﯾ َﻧﻣَﺎ َﺗﻛُوﻧ ُْوا ﯾُدْ رِ ْﻛ ُﻛ ْم اﻟﻣ َْوت
( أَ َدوَاتُ اﻟﺸﱠﺮْ طTools of )ﺷﺮط
❖ Classify into 3 categories -
➢ أَدَ َواتُ اﻟﺷﱠرْ طِ اﻟﺟَ ﺎزِ َﻣ ُﺔ- tools that make both parts
of the conditional sentence ﻣﺟزوم
● إِنْ ﻣَﺎ ﻣَنْ أَ ْﯾ َﻧﻣَﺎ
➢ أَدَ َواتُ ﻏَ ْﯾ ُر اﻟﺟَ ﺎزِ َﻣ ٍﺔ- tools that have no
grammatical effect
● ﻟ َْو إِذَ ا
➢ اﻷﻣْ ر وﺟواب اﻷﻣر- Command & its ans
ْﻟَﻮ
❖ They does not have any grammatical effect
❖ ﻟ َْو- Had ……… followed by َ ل- would have
❖ It is used to express conditions that are highly
unlikely or hypothetical.
➢ ﻟ َْو ﻛَﺎنَ ﻓِﯾ ِﮭﻣَﺂ ءَاﻟِ َﮭ ٌﺔ إ ﱠِﻻ ﷲُ َﻟﻔَﺳَ دَ ﺗَﺎ
➢ َﺎﻻ ﱠﻻ ﱠﺗﺑَﻌْ ﻧَﺎ ُﻛ ْم
ً ﻟ َْو ﻧَﻌْ َﻠ ُم ِﻗﺗ
إذَا
❖ إذا- “when” and it describes conditions that are
highly likely to happen.
❖ The ﺟوابcan sometimes have a َ فon it.
➢ َإ َِذِا أَﺻَ ﺎ َﺑ ْﺗ ُﮭ ْم ﻣﱡﺻِ ﯾ َﺑ ٌﺔ ﻗَﺎﻟُوا إِﻧﱠﺎ ِ ِ َوإِﻧﱠﺂ إِ َﻟ ْﯾ ِﮫ رَ ا ِﺟﻌُون
➢ ٌإِذَ ا ﺳَ ﺄَﻟَكَ ﻋِ ﺑَﺎدِى ﻋَ ﻧﱢﻰ َﻓﺈِﻧﱢﻰ ﻗَرِ ﯾب
اﻷﻣْﺮ وﺟﻮاب اﻷﻣﺮ
❖ Command followed by Lightest Fi’l
َواﺿْ ُﻣ ْم ﯾَدَ كَ إِﻟَﻰ ﺟَ ﻧَﺎﺣِكَ ﺗَﺧْ رُجْ َﺑﯾْﺿَ ﺂ َء ➢
ﻗَ َﺴ ٌﻢ
❖ Every ﻗﺳمhas a ﺟَ َوابُ اﻟﻘَﺳَ م
❖ Jawab can be Jumlah Ismiyyah / Jumlah Filliyah
both ُﻣ ْﺛﺑَتor َﻣ ْﻧﻔِﻰ
❖ In case of ﻣُﺛﺑَتJumlah it must be with Tahkid
■ Jumlah Ismiyyah - ل- إنﱠe.g. Surah Asr
■ Fil Madi - ل+ ْ ﻗَدE.g. Surah Tin
■ Fil Mudari - لin present E.g. َﷲ َﻷ ِﺣﺑﱡك
ِ َو
● ن+ لTahkid e.g. ﺗَﺎ ِ َﻷﻗِدَ نﱠ
ِع اﻟﻘَﺴَﻢِ وَاﻟﺸﱠﺮْ ط
ُ اِﺟْ ﺘِﻤَﺎ
❖ When Kasam & Shart comes together
➢ Shart - َإنْ ﺗَﺿْ رِ ْﺑﻧِﻰ أﺿْ رِ ﺑْك
➢ Kasam - َﷲ َﻷﺿْ رِ َﺑﻧﱠك ِ َو
➢ S+K - َﷲ إنْ ﺗَﺿْ رِ ْﺑﻧِﻰ َﻷﺿْ رِ َﺑﻧﱠك
ِ َو
❖ In such scenario where sentence start with Kasam the
Jawab will be for the Kasam not the Shart.
❖ And in this case after ْ إنMudari can’t come. It mast be
Madi Lafzan (actual) or Manwe (with ) َﻟ ْم
❖ So Actual e.g. َﷲ إنْ ﺿَ رَ ْﺑ َﺗﻧِﻰ َﻷﺿْ رِ َﺑﻧﱠك
ِ َو
ع اﻟﻘَﺴَﻢِ وَاﻟﺸﱠﺮْ طِ
اِﺟْ ﺘِﻤَﺎ ُ
ﷲ comes in the place ofل ❖ Sometimes
و ِ
َﻟﺋِنْ ﺿَ رَ ْﺑ َﺗﻧِﻰ َﻷﺿْ رِ َﺑﻧﱠكَ ➢
َﻟﺋِنْ َﺷﻛَرْ ُﺗ ْم َﻷزِ ﯾدَ ﱠﻧ ُﻛ ْم ➢
َو َﻟﺋِنْ َﻛﻔَرْ ُﺗ ْم إِنﱠ ﻋَ ذَ اﺑِﻲْ َﻟ َﺷدِﯾ ٌد ➢
is not mentionedل ❖ Only Few times even the
and we have to recognize by the Jawab
َوإنْ ﻟﱠ ْم ﺗَﻐْ ﻔِرْ َﻟﻧَﺎ َو ﺗَرْ ﺣَ ﻣْﻧﺎ َﻟ َﻧﻛُوﻧَنﱠ ﻣِنَ اﻟﺧَ ﺎﺳِ رِ ﯾنَ ➢
اﻟﺣﺎل
اﻟﺤﺎل
❖ ﺣﺎلliterally means “state” or “condition”.
❖ ﺣﺎلtells us How something happens.
❖ The person's State is being described is called
ﺻَ ﺎﺣِبُ اﻟﺣَ ﺎل \ ذُو اﻟﺣﺎل
◆ Bilal left while crying.
◆ The book came down gradually.
◆ It ran toward me barking.
◆ I was sent to you as a teacher.
اﻟﺤﺎل
❖ A ﺣﺎلcan only appear in a complete sentence. If the
ﺣﺎلis removed, the sentence should still be complete.
❖ The ﺻَ ﺎﺣِبُ اﻟﺣَ ﺎلis almost always PROPER.
❖ ﺣﺎلcan comes in 4 ways in Arabic
● As a single Ism ( ﻧﺻبand most likely common)
● As a ( ﻓﻌلmost likely )ﻣﺿﺎرع
● Comes with و ﺣَ ﺎﻟِﯾَﺔfollowed by Jum. Ism
● Comes with و ﺣَ ﺎﻟِﯾَﺔfollowed by ﻗدJ.F
اﻟﺤﺎل
ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ
ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ ﺟَ ﺎﻟِﺳًﺎ Single Ism
ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ ﯾَﺟْ ﻠِسُ ﻓﻌل ﻣﺿﺎرع
ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ َو ھ َُو ﺟَ ﺎﻟِسٌ
followed by J.Iو ﺣَ ﺎﻟِﯾَﺔ
ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ َو ھ َُو ﯾَﺟْ ﻠِسُ
ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ َو ﻗَدْ ﺟَ ﻠَسَ J.Fﻗد followed byو ﺣَ ﺎﻟِﯾَﺔ
as single Ismاﻟﺤﺎل
❖ ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ ﺟَ ﺎﻟِﺳًﺎ
❖ َوﻣَﺂ أَرْ ﺳَ ْﻠ َﻧـٰكَ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﯾ ِﮭ ْم َو ِﻛﯾ ًْﻼ
❖ َوإِذَ آ أ ُﻟۡ ﻘُو ْا ﻣِﻧۡ ﮩَﺎ َﻣﻛَﺎ ً۟ﻧﺎ ﺿَ ﱢﯾ ً۟ﻘﺎ ﱡﻣﻘَرﱠ ﻧِﯾنَ
❖ ٱﻟﱠذِﯾنَ ﯾ َۡذ ُﻛرُونَ ٱ َ ِﻗ َﯾ ٰـ ً۟ﻣﺎ َوﻗُﻌُو ً۟دا
❖ ض ﻣَرَ ﺣً ﺎ َو َﻻ َﺗﻣْشِ ﻓِﻰ اﻷرْ ِ
ﻓﻌﻞ as aاﻟﺤﺎل
❖ ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ ﯾَﺟْ ﻠِسُ
❖ ُﺛ ﱠم ﺟَ ﺂءُوكَ ﯾَﺣْ ﻠِﻔُونَ ﺑِﺎ ِ
❖ َوﯾَذَ ُر ُھ ْم ﻓِﻰ طُﻐْ ﯾٰ ِﻧ ِﮭ ْم ﯾَﻌْ َﻣﮭُونَ
❖ َوﺟَ ﺂ َء أھْ ُل ا ْﻟ َﻣدِﯾ َﻧ ِﺔ ﯾَﺳْ َﺗﺑْﺷِ رُونَ
& J.Ismiyyahو ﺣَﺎﻟِﯿﺔ withاﻟﺤﺎل
ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ َو ھ َُو ﺟَ ﺎﻟِسٌ ❖
َوﻣ َۡن أ َۡظ َﻠ ُم ِﻣ ﱠﻣ ِن ٱﻓۡ ﺗَرَ ٰى ﻋَ ﻠَﻰ ٱ ِ ٱﻟۡ َﻛذِبَ َوھ َُو ﯾ ُۡدﻋَ ٰۤﻰ إِﻟَﻰ ۡٱﻹ ِۡﺳ َﻠـ ۚ ِٰم ❖
ﺻﯾْدَ َوأ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم ُﺣ ُر ٌم ❖
َﻻ َﺗ ْﻘ ُﺗﻠُوا اﻟ ﱠ
ﻣَنْ ﻋَ ِﻣ َل ﺻَ ﺎﻟِﺣً ﺎ ﻣِنْ ذَ ﻛَرٍ ْأو أ ُ ْﻧﺛ َٰﻰ َوھ َُو ﻣ ُْؤﻣِنٌ ❖
َوﻣَﺎ َﻟ ُﻛ ْم َﻻ ﺗ ُْؤ ِﻣﻧُونَ ﺑِﭑ ِ ۙ َوٱﻟرﱠ ﺳُو ُل ﯾَدْ ﻋُو ُﻛ ْم ﻟِﺗ ُْؤ ِﻣﻧُوا۟ ﺑِرَ ﱢﺑ ُﻛ ْم ❖
J.Fi’liyyahﻗَﺪ andو ﺣَﺎﻟِﯿﺔ withاﻟﺤﺎل
ﻋَ ﻠﱠ َم اﻷ ُﺳْ ﺗَﺎ ُذ َوﻗَدْ ﺟَ ﻠَسَ ❖
ﷲ َوﻗَدْ ھَدَ ٰـ ِن ❖ ﻗَﺎ َل أَﺗ ُٰﺣﺟﱡ ٓوﻧﱢﻰ ﻓِﻰ ِ
َﻻ ﯾ ُْؤ ِﻣﻧُونَ ِﺑ ِﮫ َوﻗَدْ ﺧَ ﻠَتْ ُﺳ ﱠﻧ ُﺔ ْاﻷَوﱠ ﻟِﯾنَ ❖
In Jumlah Ismiyyahاﻟﺤﺎل
ﻓَﺟَ زَ آؤُ هُ ﺟَ َﮭ ﱠﻧ ُم ﺧَ ﺎﻟِدًا ﻓِﯾﮭَﺎ ❖
ﷲ إِ َﻟ ْﯾ ُﻛ ْم ﻣﱡﺻَ ﱢدﻗًﺎ ❖
إِﻧﱢﻰ رَ ﺳُو ُل ِ
اﻟﺗَﻣْ ِﯾﯾْز
اﻟﺘَ ْﻤﯿِﯿْﺰ
❖ ﺗﻣﯾﯾزremove or clarifies the ambiguity/doubt
(Ibhaam) in a sentence.
■ You are better than me
■ You are better than me in Arabic
❖ اﻟ َﺗ ْﻣ ِﯾﯾْزmust be - NASB, COMMON, SINGULAR
■ َﺎﻻ \ ﻋِ ْﻠﻣًﺎ
ً أَﻧَﺎ أﻛْ َﺛ ُر ِﻣﻧْكَ َو َﻟدًا \ ﻣ
❖ It can come after some Ism (Ism tafdeel &
Number 11+) & Few ﻓﻌل
اﻟﺘَ ْﻤﯿِﯿْﺰ
★ َﺎﻻ َوأَﻋَ زﱡ َﻧﻔَرً ا
أَﻧَﺎ أ ْﻛ َﺛ ُر ِﻣﻧْكَ ﻣ ً
★ ھ َُو ﺧَ ْﯾ ٌر ﺛ ََواﺑًﺎ َوﺧَ ْﯾ ٌر ُﻋ ْﻘﺑًﺎ
★ ِﯾﻼأ ُْوﻵءِكَ ﺷَرﱞ ﱠﻣﻛَﺎﻧًﺎ َوأَﺿَ ﱡل ﺳَ ﺑ ً
★ ﻓَﺎ ْﻧﻔَﺟَ رَ تْ ِﻣ ْﻧ ُﮫ ا ْﺛ َﻧﺗَﺎ ﻋَ ﺷْرَ َة ﻋَ ْﯾﻧًﺎ
★ إِﻧﱢﻰ رَ أَﯾْتُ أﺣَ دَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ﻛ َْو َﻛﺑًﺎ
اﻟﺘَ ْﻤﯿِﯿْﺰ
❖ There are few أﻓﻌﺎلin arabic that are vague and
take ﺗﻣﯾﯾز
َﺣَ ﺳُن ﺳَ ﺎ َء َﻛﻔَﻰ َاِزْ دَ اد َزَ اد َﻣ ََﻸ
To be To be To be To be
To increase To fill
wonderful terrible sufficient increased
اﻟﺘَ ْﻤﯿِﯿْﺰ
★ َوﻗُ ْل رﱠ بﱢ زِ دْ ﻧِﻰ ﻋِ ْﻠﻣًﺎ
★ ﻟِﯾَزْ دَ اد ُْوا إِ ْﯾﻣَﺎﻧًﺎ
★ َو َﻛﻔَﻰ ﺑِﺎ ِ َو ِﻛﯾ ًْﻼ
★ َوﺣَ ُﺳﻧَتْ ﻣُرْ َﺗ َﻔﻘًﺎ َ V/Sوﺳَ ﺂءَتْ ﻣُرْ َﺗ َﻔﻘًﺎ
ال ﻋَ دَ د ﻓِﻲ اﻟﻘُرْ آن
Numbers in Quran
اﻟ َﻌﺪَد
ﺗِﺳْ ﻌَ ٌﺔ ﺧَ ﻣْﺳَ ٌﺔ وا ِﺣ ٌد
ﻋَ ﺷْرَ ةٌ\ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ةٌ ﺳِ ﱠﺗ ٌﺔ ِا ْﺛ َﻧﯾْن
أﺣَ دَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ﺳَ ﺑْﻌَ ٌﺔ ﺛ ََﻼ َﺛ ٌﺔ
ِا ْﺛﻧَﺎ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َﺛﻣَﺎ ِﻧ َﯾ ٌﺔ أرْ ﺑَﻌَ ٌﺔ
Counting 1-10
ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ةٌ
ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ َوا ِﺣ ٌد ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ةٌ َواﺣِدَ ةٌ 1-2
ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑَﺎ ِن ِا ْﺛﻧَﺎ ِن ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ﺗَﺎ ِن ِا ْﺛ َﻧﺗَﺎ ِن )(Mausuf-sifa
ب
ﺛَﻼ َﺛ ُﺔ ُﻛ ُﺗ ٍ ت
ﺛَﻼثُ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ا ٍ 3-10
ب
أَرْ ﺑَﻌَ ُﺔ ُﻛ ُﺗ ٍ ت
أَرْ َﺑ ُﻊ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ا ٍ (Mudhaf -
ب
ﻋَ ﺷْرَ ةُ ُﻛ ُﺗ ٍ ت
ﻋَ ْﺷ ُر ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ا ٍ )MI
Counting 11-12
Feminine Masculine
إﺣْ دَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة أﺣَ دَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ 11
ِا ْﺛ َﻧﺗَﺎ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة ِا ْﺛﻧَﺎ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ 12
ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ةٌ
أﺣَ دَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ إﺣْ دَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة Counting
ِا ْﺛﻧَﺎ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ ِا ْﺛ َﻧﺗَﺎ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة
Counting 13-19
ﺛَﻼثَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة ﺛَﻼ َﺛ َﺔ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ 13
أرْ ﺑَﻊَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة أرْ ﺑَﻌَ َﺔ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ 14
ﺗِﺳْ ﻊَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة ﺗِﺳْ ﻌَ َﺔ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ 19
ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ةٌ
ﺛَﻼ َﺛ َﺔ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ ﺛَﻼثَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة Counting
ﺗِﺳْ ﻌَ َﺔ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ ﺗِﺳْ ﻊَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ َة ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة
)Counting 20-90 (tens
ﺧَ ْﻣﺳ ُْونَ 50 ﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ 20
ﺳِ ﺗ ْﱡونَ 60 ﺛَﻼﺛ ُْونَ 30
ﺗِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ 90 أرْ َﺑﻌ ُْونَ 40
ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ةٌ
ﺛَﻼﺛ ُْونَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ ﺛَﻼﺛ ُْونَ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة Counting
ﺗِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ ﺗِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة
Counting 21&22 - 91&92
Feminine Masculine
َواﺣِدَ ةٌ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ َوا ِﺣ ٌد َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ )21(R
إ ْﺛ َﻧﺗَﺎ ِن َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ إ ْﺛﻧَﺎ ِن َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ )22 (R
َواﺣِدَ ةٌ َوﺛ ََﻼﺛ ُْونَ َوا ِﺣ ٌد َوﺛ ََﻼﺛ ُْونَ )31 (R
إ ْﺛ َﻧ َﺗ ْﯾ ِن َوﺛ ََﻼ ِﺛﯾْنَ إ ْﺛ َﻧ ْﯾ ِن َوﺛ ََﻼ ِﺛﯾْنَ )32 (N/J
َواﺣِدَ ةٌ َوﯾِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ َوا ِﺣ ٌد َوﯾِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ 91
إ ْﺛ َﻧﺗَﺎ ِن َوﯾِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ إ ْﺛﻧَﺎ ِن َوﯾِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ 92
Counting 21&22 - 91&92
ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ةٌ
َوا ِﺣ ٌد َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ َواﺣِدَ ةٌ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة Counting
إ ْﺛﻧَﺎ ِن َوﯾِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ إ ْﺛ َﻧﺗَﺎ ِن َوﯾِﺳْ ﻌ ُْونَ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة
Counting 23-29 to 93-99
ﺛَﻼ َﺛ ٌﺔ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ ﺛَﻼثٌ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ 23
أَرْ ﺑَﻌَ ٌﺔ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ أَرْ َﺑ ٌﻊ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ 24
ﺗِﺳْ ﻌَ ٌﺔ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ ﺗِﺳْ ٌﻊ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ 29
ﺧَ ﻣْﺳَ ٌﺔ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ ﺧَ ﻣْ سٌ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ 95
ﺳِ ﱠﺗ ٌﺔ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ ﺳِ تﱞ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ 96
ﺗِﺳْ ﻌَ ٌﺔ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ ﺗِﺳْ ٌﻊ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ 99
Counting 23-29 to 93-99
ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ةٌ
ﺛَﻼ َﺛ ٌﺔ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ ﺛَﻼثٌ َوﻋِ ْﺷر ُْونَ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة Counting
ﺗِﺳْ ﻌَ ٌﺔ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ ﺗِﺳْ ٌﻊ َوﺗِﺳْ ﻌُونَ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ًة
Counting 100’s & 1000’s
ب
ِﻣ َﺋ ُﺔ ِﻛﺗَﺎ ٍ ِﻣ َﺋ ُﺔ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة ِﻣ َﺋ ٌﺔ 100
ب
ِﻣ َﺋﺗَﺎ ِﻛﺗَﺎ ٍ ِﻣ َﺋﺗَﺎ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة ِﻣ َﺋﺗَﺎ ِن 200
ب
ت ِﻛﺗَﺎ ِ ﺛَﻼ َﺛ ُﺔ ِﻣ َﺋ ِ ت ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة ﺛَﻼثُ ِﻣ َﺋ ِ
ت \ َﺛﻼَ ُﺛ ِﻣ َﺋ ٍﺔ
ﺛَﻼثُ ِﻣ َﺋ ٍ 300
ت ِﻛﺗَﺎﺑًﺎ
ﺛَﻼ َﺛ ُﺔ ِﻣ َﺋ ٍ ت ﺳَ ﯾﱠرَ ًة
ﺛَﻼثُ ِﻣ َﺋ ٍ
ب
أﻟْفُ ِﻛﺗَﺎ ٍ أﻟْفُ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة أﻟْفٌ 1000
ب
أ ْﻟﻔَﺎ ِﻛﺗَﺎ ٍ أ ْﻟﻔَﺎ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة أ ْﻟﻔَﺎ ِن 2000
Counting 100’s & 1000’s
ت
ﺛ ََﻼ َﺛ ُﺔ َآﻻفِ ِﻛﺗَﺎ ٍ ﺛ ََﻼثُ َآﻻفِ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة ف
ﺛ ََﻼثُ َآﻻ ٍ 3000
ت
ﺧَ ﻣْﺳَ ُﺔ َآﻻفِ ِﻛﺗَﺎ ٍ ﺧَ ﻣْ سُ َآﻻفِ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة ف
ﺧَ ﻣْ سُ َآﻻ ٍ 5000
ب
ﺧَ ﻣْ ﺳُونَ أﻟْفَ ﺳَ ﯾﱠﺎرَ ٍة ﺧَ ﻣْ ﺳُونَ أﻟْفَ ِﻛﺗَﺎ ٍ ﺧَ ﻣْ ﺳُونَ أ ْﻟﻔًﺎ 50000
ف
ِﻣ َﺋ َﺔ أ ْﻟ ٍ 100000
Ordinal Numbers
ٌﺛَﺎﻣِن ٌرَ ا ِﺑ ٌﻊ ﺳَ ﺎدِس ٌﺛَﺎﻟِث ﺛَﺎ ٍن أَوﱠ ل
8th 6th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st
❖ Only 1st one is Ism Tafdeel because 1st
one is always extreem & Superlative
❖ Rest of them are اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل
❖ All of them Server as adjective
Fractions
ُﺛﻣُنٌ ُر ُﺑ ٌﻊ ُﺧﻣُسٌ ُﺳدُسٌ ُﺛﻠُﺛﺎ ِن ُﺛﻠُثٌ ﻧِﺻْ فٌ
1/8 1/6 1/5 1/4 2/3 1/3 1/2
Each pattern
ﺳُدَ اسَ ُﺧﻣَﺎسَ ُرﺑَﺎعَ ﺛ َُﻼثَ َﻣ ْﺛﻧ َٰﻰ
6 each 5 each 4 each 3 each 2 each
اﻟﺗﱠﻌَ ﺟﱡ ب
اﻟﺘﱠﻌَﺠﱡ ﺐ
❖ اﻟﺗﱠﻌَ ﺟﱡ بmeans “Amazement” / “Shock”
❖ There are template for this kind of Expression
❖ The ﺻِ ﯾﻎَ اﻟﺗﱠﻌَ ﺟﱡ تare -
■ َﻧِﻌْ َم & ِﺑﺋْس
◆ Always followed by Rafa right after
them
◆ ُ ﻧِﻌْ َم اﻟﺛ َﱠواب- What an amazing reward!!!
◆ ُ ِﺑﺋْسَ اﻟﺛ َﱠواب- What an terrible reward!!!
اﻟﺘﱠﻌَﺠﱡ ﺐ
❖ The next pair of ﺻِ ﯾﻎَ اﻟﺗﱠﻌَ ﺟﱡ تare -
■ ﺣَ ﺳُنَ & ﺳَ ﺎ َء
◆ They only conjugate in 2 ways
■ ﺣَ ﺳُنَ \ ﺣَ ُﺳﻧَتْ & ﺳَ ﺎءَ\ﺳَ ﺎءَت
◆ They has a ﻓﺎﻋل & َﺗ ْﻣﯾِﯾز
◆ ﺣَ ﺳُنَ ﻣُﻌَ ﻠﱢﻣًﺎ- how wonderfu he is as a teacher!!!
◆ ﺣَ ﺳُنَ اﻟرﱠ ُﺟ ُل ﻗﺎ ِﺋدًا- how wonderful the man is as a Leader!!!
◆ ﺳَ ﺎ َء ﻣُﻌَ ﻠﱢﻣًﺎ- how terrible he is as a teacher!!!
اﻟﺘﱠﻌَﺠﱡ ﺐ
❖ The next pair of Templates are -
أَ ْﻓ ِﻌ ْل ِﺑ ِﮫ ﻣَﺎ أَﻓْﻌَ َﻠ ُﮫ
ﻣَﺎ أَ ْﻛﺑَرَ هُ
أَﺑْﺻِ رْ ِﺑ ِﮫ
ﻣَﺎ أﺟْ َﻣ َﻠﮭَﺎ
أﺳْ ﻣِﻊْ ِﺑ ِﮫ
ﻣَﺎ أﻛْ ﻔَرَ هُ
أﻋْ ﻠِ ْم ِﺑ ِﮫ
ﻣَﺎ أﺣْ َﻛ َم اﻟ ِﻛﺗَﺎبَ
أ ْﻓ ِﮭ ْم ِﺑ ِﮫ
ﻣَﺎ أﺻْ ﺑَرَ ُھ ْم ﻋَ ﻠَﻰ اﻟﻧَﺎرِ
اﻟﺘﱠﻌَﺠﱡ ﺐ
➔ ﺣَ ﺳْ ُﺑﻧَﺎ ﷲُ َوﻧِﻌْ َم اﻟ َْوﻛِﯾ ُل
➔ ﷲ
ت ِ ِﺑﺋْسَ َﻣ َﺛ ُل ا ْﻟﻘ َْومِ اﻟﱠذِﯾنَ َﻛ ﱠذﺑُو ْا ِﺑﺋَﺎ َﯾ ِ
➔ ِﺑﺋْﺳَ ﻣَﺎ ا ْﺷﺗَرَ ْوا ِﺑ ِﮫ أ ْﻧﻔُﺳَ ُﮭ ْم
➔ ِﺑﺋْسَ ﻟِﻠ ﱠظﻠِﻣِﯾنَ ﺑَدَ ًﻻ
➔ َﻓﺄ ُْوﻟٰ ﺋِكَ َﻣﺄ ْٰو ُھ ْم ﺟَ َﮭ ﱠﻧ ُم َوﺳَ ﺂءَتْ ﻣَﺻِ ﯾرً ا
➔ َوﺣَ ﺳُنَ أ ُْو َٓلءِكَ رَ ﻓِﯾﻘًﺎ
اﻟﺘﱠﻌَﺠﱡ ﺐ
❖ The word ُﺳﺑْﺣَ ﺎنis also used for Amazement
❖ This expression consists of two components.
➢ The first is the word َ ُﺳﺑْﺣَ ﺎن- always light &
Nasb
➢ The second word, the object of amazement,
acts as a Mudaf ilai
❖ This expression is only used for Allah, and
translates as “(we declare) the glory of Allah”
Some Miscellaneous Expressions
❖ The word ﻋَ ﺳَ ﻰis a ﻓﻌلand translated as
‘hopefully’ or ‘perhaps’.
❖ Generally followed by an outside ﻓﺎﻋل
❖ Then followed by a an ْ أنthat attaches to a
Jumlah Filliyah
■ ﻓَﻌَ ﺳَ ﻰ ﷲُ أنْ َﯾﺄْﺗِﻲَ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺗ ِﺢ
Some Miscellaneous Expressions
❖ The word َ ﻛَﺎدis a ﻓﻌلand translated as ‘Almost’
❖ Always followed by ﻓﻌل ﻣُﺿَ ﺎرِ عdirectly after it
❖ The tense is determined by ﻛﺎدnot by the other
ﻓﻌلused
■ ََوﻣَﺎ ﻛَﺎدُوا َﯾﻔْﻌَ ﻠُون
Some Miscellaneous Expressions
❖ The word َ طَ ﻔِقis a ﻓﻌلand translated as ‘To
Start immediately’ or ‘to start suddenly’
❖ Always followed by ﻓﻌل ﻣُﺿَ ﺎرِ عdirectly after it
❖ Both of the ﻓﻌلmust have same inside pronoun
■ طَ ﻔِقَ ﯾَﻌْ َﻣ ُل
Some Miscellaneous Expressions
❖ The word ﻟَوﻻcan be used in 2 ways
1. ﻟ َْو َﻻcan mean “Had it not been for”
➢ Had it not been for Allah’s help, we would
have been lost
➢ Has 2 part 1st part comes with & ﻟوﻻsecond
part comes with ل
➢ ﷲ ﺳَ ﺑَقَ َﻟ َﻣ ﱠﺳ ُﻛ ْم ﻓِﯾﻣَﺎ أﺟَ ذْ ُﺗ ْم ﻋَ ذَ ابٌ ﻋَ ظِ ﯾ ٌم
ِ َﻟ َْو َﻻ ِﻛﺗَﺎبٌ ﻣِن
Some Miscellaneous Expressions
2. ﻟ َْوﻻcan also mean “Why don’t/doesn’t”
➢ Why don’t they study everyday!
➢ There is only one part to this usage
➢ َو َﯾﻘُوﻟُونَ ﻟ َْو َﻻ أُﻧْزِ َل ﻋَ ﻠَﯾ ِﮫ ءَا َﯾ ٌﺔ ﻣِنْ رﱠ ﱢﺑ ِﮫ
Some Miscellaneous Expressions
❖ The word أﻣﱠﺎmean “as for”
➢ As for my brother, he is a student.
➢ It is used to give detail on a specific subject
or topic.
➢ The subject or topic comes immediately
after أﻣﱠﺎand the detail part comes after َف
➢ َأﻣﱠﺎ اﻟ ﱠﺳﻔِﯾ َﻧ ُﺔ َﻓﻛَﺎﻧَتْ ﻟِﻣَﺳَ ﺎﻛِﯾن
Some Miscellaneous Expressions
❖ ﻣِنْ ﺑَﻌْ ُد \ ﻣِنْ َﻗ ْﺑ ُل
➢ They are special mudhaf but also can come
without being mudhaf and act as non
flexible Used with ﻣِنfor more emphasis
❖ ُﻣِنْ ﺣَ ﯾْث
➢ ُ ﺣَ ﯾْثmeans where/wherever
➢ It’s non flexible and Used with ﻣِنfor more
emphasis
إﻋراب
ﻣَﺮْ ﻓُﻮع to beاﺳﻢ Reason for
1. ُﻣ ْﺑﺗَدَ ا
2. ﷲُ أﻛْ َﺑ ُر - e.g.ﺟَ ﺑَر
3. ﺧَ ﻠَقَ ﷲُ ُﻛ ﱠل ﺷَﻲ ٍء - e.g.ﻓَﺎﻋِ ل
4. ُﺧﻠَقَ اﻹﻧْﺳَ ﺎنُ ﻣِنْ طِ ْﯾ ِن - e.g.ﻧَﺎﺋِبُ اﻟ َﻔﻌِل
5. ﻛَﺎنَ اﻟﺑَﺎبُ َﻣ ْﻔﺗُوﺣً ﺎ - e.g.اﺳْ َم ﻛَﺎنَ
6. ﷲ ﻏَ ﻔُو ٌر - e.g.ﺟَ َﺑ ُر إنﱠإنﱠ َ
ﺗَﺎﺑِﻊ***
ﻣَﺠْ ﺮُور to beاﺳﻢ Reason for
ﺣَ رْ فُ ﺟَ رّ 1. After
ﻣُﺿﺎفٌ إﻟَﯾ ِﮫ 2.
ﺗَﺎﺑِﻊ***
ﺑِﺳْ مِ ٱ ِ ٱﻟرﱠ ﺣْ َٰﻣ ِن ٱﻟرﱠ ﺣِﯾمِ
َﻣ ْﻨﺼُﻮب to beاﺳﻢ Reason for
1. ﷲ ﻏَ ﻔُو ٌر - e.g.اﺳْ ُم إنﱠ إنﱠ َ
2. ﻛَﺎنَ اﻟﺑَﺎبُ َﻣ ْﻔﺗُوﺣً ﺎ - e.g.ﺟَ َﺑ ُر ﻛَﺎنَ
3. ﻣَﺎ ٰھذَ ا َﺑﺷَرً ا - e.g.ﺧَ َﺑ ُر ﻣَﺎ
4. ﻻ رَ ﯾْبَ ﻓِﯾ ِﮫ - e.g.اﺳْ ُم ﻻ
5. ﯾَﺎ رَ ﱠﺑﻧَﺎ ُ - e.g.ﻣﻧ َٰﺎد ﻣُﺿَ ﺎف
6. ﺿَ رَ ﺑْتُ زَ ْﯾدًا َ - e.g.ﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ِﺑ ِﮫ
ﺿَ رَ ْﺑ ُﺗ ُﮫ َﻟﯾ ًْﻼ أﻣَﺎ َم اﻟﻣَﺳْ ِﺟ ِد َ - e.g.ﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ﻓِﯾ ِﮫ 7.
َﻣ ْﻨﺼُﻮب to beاﺳﻢ Reason for
8. ﺿَ رَ ْﺑ ُﺗ ُﮫ َﺗﺄْدِﯾﺑًﺎ َ - e.g.ﻣ ْﻔﻌُول َﻟ ُﮫ
9. ﺿَ رَ ْﺑ ُﺗ ُﮫ َو ﺣَ ﺎ ِﻣدًا َ - e.g.ﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ﻣَﻌَ ُﮫ
10. ﺿَ رَ ْﺑ ُﺗ ُﮫ ﺿَ رْ ﺑًﺎ َ - e.g.ﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ﻣُطْ ﻠَق
11. ﺣَ ﺿَ رَ اﻟط ﱠﱡﻼبُ ُﻛﻠﱡ ُﮭ ْم ﱠإﻻ ﺣَ ﺎ ِﻣدًا - e.g.ﻣُﺳْ َﺗ ْﺛﻧ َٰﻰ ﺑ ﱠِﺈﻻ
12. ﺗَرَ ﻛُوكَ ﻗَﺎ ِﺋﻣًﺎ - e.g.ﺣَ ﺎل
13. إﻧﱢﻲ رَ أﯾْتُ أﺣَ دَ ﻋَ ﺷَرَ ﻛ َْو َﻛﺑًﺎ َ - e.g.ﺗ ْﻣﯾِﯾز
ﺗَﺎﺑِﻊ***
اﻟﺑَدَ ل
اﻟﺒَﺪَل
❖ اﻟﺑَدَ لliterally means “Substitute”
■ E.g. I saw your brother Karim.
❖ Grammatically they have to match 4 properties
Types of ﺑَﺪَل
1. ﺑَدَ ُل اﻟﻛُل- When both are referring to the same entity
◆ اھ ِدﻧَــــﺎ اﻟﺻﱢرَ اطَ اﻟﻣُﺳ َﺗﻘِﯾ َم ﺻِ رَ اطَ اﻟﱠذِﯾنَ أَﻧﻌَ ﻣتَ ﻋَ ﻠَﯾ ِﮭ ْم
2. ﺑَدَ ُل اﻟﺑَﻌْ ض- When a word is replaced by a part of it
◆ ﻗُمِ اﻟﻠﱠ ْﯾ َل ﻧِﺻْ َﻔ ُﮫ
3. ﺑَدَ ُل اﻻِ ْﺷ ِﺗﻣَﺎل- When one thing is replaced with a
subject related to it
◆ ﯾَﺳْ َﺋﻠُوﻧَكَ ﻋَ ِن اﻟ ﱠﺷﮭْرِ اﻟْﺣَ رَ امِ ِﻗﺗَﺎلٍ ﻓِﯾ ِﮫ
ﺗ ََواﺑِﻊ
ﺗَﻮَاﺑِﻊ
❖ Some Ism doesn’t have any Status by themself
and follow some other word for the status.
❖ They are called ﺗَﺎﺑِﻊ
❖ The word they follow is called َﻣ ْﺗﺑُوع
❖ There are 4 of them -
ﺗَﻮَاﺑِﻊ
َﻣ ْﺗﺑُوع - Always follow Mausuf asﺿِ ﻔَﺔ 1.
اﻟﺻﱢرَ اطَ اﻟﻣُﺳْ َﺗﻘِﯾ َم ✓
- Emphasisﺗَﺎﻛِﯾد 2.
ﺟَ ﺎ َءﻧِﻰ اﻟط ﱠﱡﻼبُ ُﻛﻠﱡ ُﮭ ْم ✓
- Substitute - Always follow Mubdalﺑَدَ ل 3.
اھ ِدﻧَــــﺎ اﻟﺻﱢرَ اطَ اﻟﻣُﺳ َﺗﻘِﯾ َم ﺻِ رَ اطَ اﻟﱠذِﯾنَ أَﻧﻌَ ﻣتَ ﻋَ ﻠَﯾ ِﮭ ْم ✓
ﻣَﻌْ طُوف ﻋَ ﻠَﯾ ِﮫ - Always followﻣَﻌْ طُوف 4.
ﺟَ ﺎ َءﻧِﻲ زَ ْﯾ ٌد َو ﺣَ ﺎ ِﻣ ٌد ✓
ﻋﻄﻒin Arabic
1. و- And - is the most common and does not
imply any particular order.
2. َ ف- And/Then - indicates order
3. ُﺛﻣﱠﺎ- And/Then - indicates order but has delay
4. أ ْم- has two meanings.
a. If appears in a question - translated as ‘or’
b. Otherwise, it is translated as ‘whether’
5. ْأو- or - but never comes in question
ﻋﻄﻒin Arabic
6. إﻣﱠﺎ- Either - used when two options are given
7. ﺣَ تﱠ- Until
8. ﻻ- nor
9. ْ َﻟﻛِن- However - connect the wrong statement
to the correct one
10. َﺑ ْل- rather - connect the wrong statement to
the correct one
