International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information,

Infonnation, Communication and Bio-Informatics

Bio-Infonnatics
(AEEICB16)
(AEEICBI6)

Fuzzy based vector PI controller to mitigate the

harmonics issue of
of a distribution system using
Three-phase hybrid power filter
Subhra Chandan Behera, G.K Choudhary and R.K Mandal
Mandai
National Institute of
Nationallnstitute of Technology, Patna

Abstract-This paper put a light on an improved

Abstract-This need to be suppress. In order to limit the harmonic
current control strategy which is the combination of pollution some standardisation has been made by
fuzzy interface with the vector-pi controller and is IEEE-519
lEEE-519 or IEC
lEC 61000-3-2 [1]-[2].
applied to a non-linear load.
load, The supply current is
forced to make sinusoidal by in-direct current control In order to mitigate harmonics problems in
strategy.
strategy, In order to make the overall system cost- distribution system three basic common topologies
effective a hybrid filter which is the combination of of of
of filters havebeen used[3]-[6]:LC passive filters,
active and passive filter is used.
used, It is found that the active filters and hybrid filters.LC filter is obsolete
above filter gives better result in terms of source now-a days. It was been used for the compensation
current harmonics. Finally a comparative study of two
oftwo of
of harmonics before introduction of of the active filters
different strategies such as hybrid filter with vector pi due to its simple structure and low-cost nevertheless
and hybrid filter with fuzzy and vector pi is examined it also contains drawbacks like undesirable
and it is found that the latter configuration gives resonance and fixed compensation.On
compensation. On the other
better results than the traditional active power filter. hand active power filter can provide fast
The same model has been simulated with both ideal compensation to non-linear load with in no time.In
and distorted supply condition and It is again found order to achieve the following performance
that the latter configuration gives better resultsthan traditionally different theories were proposed some
other one satisfying IEEE std-519-1992 and IEC lEe of
of them are reference filter current generation,
61000-3-2, 2001.
61000-3-2,2001.
harmonic current detection, load current
measurement[7]-[9].The
measurement[7]-[9]. The methods of of reference
terms- Fuzzy logic controller, hybrid power fi-
Index terms- current generation basically based on conversion of of
three phase quantises into two phase by means of of pq
lter(HPF),power quality, total harmonic distortion
transformation(stationary reference frame) and dq
(THD)
transformation(synchrous reference frame) [9]-
[10].But it is been seen that the methods is only
applicable to sinusoidal power supply but in supply
I.T. INTRODUCTION
grid it may not always contain sinusoidal supply so
For the development of of an economic society, the design of
of filter is a challenging task
utilisation of
of electrical power has a great Conventionally different control strategies
importance. The rapid change of of technology no are proposed such as PI controller [8]-[10]etc. PI
doubt has made our life simpler but it has come up controller cannot able to deal with high frequency
with different power quality problems as signal due to limited bandwidth problem.Now-a-
well.Before 1960 people were using linear load such days different digital current controller scheme are
as incandescent lamp, hearter etc. But when power available to achieve required performance[13]-
electronics device came into existence the [15]such,Pi controller with resonant controller
harmonics problem came into picture because of of its andVector-PI controller[16].Among all resonant
consumption of of non-linear current.All
current.AII non-linear controller vector-PI controller found to give
loads are major source for harmonics. The examples superior performance.
of
of different harmonic sources are such as ac to dc
converter, switch-mode power converter,arc The performance of of this controller already
furnance
fumance etc. when this harmonics current pass implemented in APF.[14].If
APF.[14].Tf a single APF is used it
through different loads in the utility grid and it not increases the rating of
of the system as well as cost in
only increases power loss but also create the distribution system.so to limit this a Hybrid filter
malfunction ofof electronics equipment’s.
equipment's. Due to its can be used to mitigate
mItIgate harmonics
negative
negati ve impacts on the distribution networks it performance[17].In
performance [17].In this paper the same indirect

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International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics
(AEEICB16)

current control strategy is applied to a Hybrid filter. A. Design of hybrid filter

To improve controller performance in a efficient The design hybrid filter based on correct
manner fuzzy current controller in addition to VPI designing of passive filter component L and
controller is used. C. It is usually tuned to 5th order or 7th
harmonic order. For any order say “n” it should
satisfy wn=2Πfn= . Here f=60Hz is taken.
II. PROBLEM FORMULATION
A. The main problem is to design hybrid filter There are infinitely many combination of
parameters. choosing L and C values. Choosing the value
B. The Hybrid filter should able to provide depend upon cost of the project.The series
compensation at sudden load changes. combination of active branch acts like as if a
C. At distorted supply the Hybrid filter should be voltage source as shown below in fig. 3passive
able mitigate harmonic problems up to IEEE std filter acts high impedance to the cross ponding
519,-1992. harmonics.

III. Classification of Hybrid filter

As stated in the last section. I Hybrid filter not-only
reduce rating of active power filter but-also reduces
cost.The basic configuration HPF is of three type as
shown below.[5]

Fig. 3 Equivalent Circuit of Harmonic Model

Vsh represents voltage value in the active filter.

Zfand Zs represents filter and source
impedance.Mathematically the source harmonic
current.

Ish = (1)

Where Ish source harmonic.Now the source

Fig.1 Classification of Hybrid Power Filter
harmonics depends on choosing proper value of K.
If K=∞ source harmonics will be zero. Ideally we
The basic topologies are a)shunt active with shunt cannot achieve this. To reduce the series resonance
passive filter b)series active filter and shunt passive between filter and the source we have to take
filter c)active filter connected in series with shunt K Zf+Zs. Here K=2 is taken for simulation.
passive .Among the three here the third one is taken
as a reference model in this paper as shown below in
fig .2 IV. Proposed controller
The following model consist of two controller a)PI-
vector PI controller b)Fuzzy logic controller(FLC)

A. PI-vector PI controller
This controller is based on harmonic selective
Algorithm using pole-zero cancellation techni-
que in literature[14].
The main features of this controller are:

1. Its high robustness guarantee it does not

Fig. 2 Basic Structure of Hybrid Filter depends upon system parameter.

978-1-4673-9745-2 ©2016 IEEE

International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information,
Infonnation, Communication and Bio-Informatics
Bio-Infonnatics
(AEEICB16)
(AEEICBI6)
Fig.4 Closed-Loop Diagram of VPI For Harmonic Order v=6
ofVPT

so the thump rule is that kpv value has to choose

2. Both (6k
(6k± 1)ws can be compensated by
less than one,as kpv value cannot be negative from from
taking only one regulator where w Wss is the
eqrn(5)
eqm(S) to make the controller not moving towards
fundamental frequency.
the instability.In
instability. In order to investigatethrough root-
3. It provides good transient performance as
locus diagram to see the controller stability under
well as fast response time with compared
adverse condition. For that 5S different value of of filter
other selective algorithm proposed.
inductance is taken stating from low to high and
4. The stability ofof the controller does not
root-locus is plotted. It is been found that for all
depend upon system parameters.
value of
of L
Lrf the controller is able to produce stable
S.
5. It requires exactly half
half the no. of
of integrator
output i.e if if the inductance is decreased the
with compared to other selective algorithm.
controller comes into left half
half of
of s-plane whereas for
The total transfer function is higher values ofof LLrf the controller output freezes into
jw axis i.e it never goes to right half half of
of s-plane
GVPI _ Kpv S 2 +Krv S
- 2 ---'-----
YP1 =
(2)
(2) which is shown below n fig. 5S
s 2 + (V' w 5) 2
Where K Kpvpv and K rv are the gains of
K rv of the respective
controller.
contro II er. 2500
Root Locus

Lf
Lf/3

Here ws=2I160
=2Π60 rad/s and v=6n,n=1…5
v=6n,n=I ... S so proposed 2000 3*Lf
100*Lf
1000*Lf

controller is given as
1500

;1 ++
1000

K. Kp~2 +K~
G = Kp1+ (3)
500

GPIv_VPI
p1v_ VPI=K + 2 S2 +{vws ) 2 Imaginary Axis
0

Closed_loop
Closed loop transfer function
-500

2Kp tr s
-1000

Gv_vpi
Gv- vpi= L jS 2 + 2K s +L j .ev",s) 2 (4)
-1500

p tr
-2000

Where Lf =inductance ofof filter,K p1, K

Kili1 are dc gain of
-2500

filter,Kpb of
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300
Real Axis

PI controller

Krv = (Rf\
Kpv Lf) (5)
Fig.5
Fig.S Root-Locus diagram of
of the VPI
VPT controller for Harmonic
order v=6

Kil = Kp l (~U ( 6) B. Fuzzy logic controller

FLC is an intelligent controller which is
Here the main job is to select the parameter the based on human thinking. Complete
parameters ofof Kpv, Krv in order to get desire
procedure of
of fuzzy controller is depicted
objectives-II defined
defmed in beginning ofof section-II.
Its
lts superior characteristics are investigated through below figure. 6
root locus and bode plots which are shown in
different figures. From fig.
fig. 4 it represents closed a) Fuzzication
diagram of
of vpi controller for three different values In this paper the error between reference voltage
of
of Kpv=1,5,10.
Kpv=I,S,lO. It shows that as my Kpv value and the dc link voltage is considered as an one input
change from 1 to 10 my overall bandwidth is IS (E)andchange in error(∆E)
error(f..E) isconsidered as an
increasing which Makes the system sluggish.
another input variable and output is the command
signal(D∆E).
signal(Df..E).

Bode Diagram
1
Kpv=1
0.9
Kpv=5
0.8 Kpv=10

0.7
Magnitude (abs)

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
90

45
Phase (deg)

-45

Fig.6 Structure of
of Fuzzication Process
-90
1 2 3 4
10 10 10 10
Frequency (Hz)

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International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics
(AEEICB16)

b) Rule evaluation b) This figure.8 represents system model with

Hybrid filter with VPI controller
Second steps is to form the rules. Here7 different
membership function is taken as shown in table.1

c) Defuzzication

After forming the rules the output of fuzzy

controller generates in linguistic variable format
linguistic variables is changed to crisp outputs in
this stage.

Table I

Complete Fuzzy Control Table

E N N N Z PS PM PB
∆E B M S E
NB N N N N N NS ZE
B B B B M
N N N N N NS ZE PS
M B B B M
NS N N N N ZE PS PM
B B M S
ZE N N N Z PS PM PB
B M S E
PS N N Z P P PB PB Fig. 8 Simulation model with Hybrid filter with VPI controller
M S E S M
PM N Z P P PB PB PB c) This figure.9 represents system model integration
S E S M of hybrid filter with Fuzzy interface
PB Z P P P PB PB PB
E S M B

V. Complete simulation model

The analysis of complete three phase system model
is analysed in Simulink environments of Matlab.

a) This figure.7 represents the model for the

system with out filter.

Fig.9 Simulation model with Hybrid-Fuzzy interfac

Fig.7 Simulation Model of Uncompensated System

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International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics
(AEEICB16)
b) The below diagram represents spectrum
analysis of the uncompensated source
Table II currents
Differents gains of proposed controller

Kp1=4 Ki1=100 Kp18=0.3 Kr18=7.5 Selected signal: 24 cycles. FFT window (in red): 2 cycles
10
Kp6=0.8 Kr6=20 Kp24=0.1 Kr24=2.5
Kp12=0.6 Kr12=15 Kp30=0.1 Kr30=2.5 0

-10
Table III 0.2 0.25
Time (s)
0.3 0.35 0.4

Different value of System parameters

Supply voltage 127(rms line- DC Link 260V Fundamental (60Hz) = 11.53 , THD= 21.44%

line) reference 20

Mag (% of Fundamental)
voltage 15
Supply 60Hz Dc Link 2000μF
frequency capacitor 10

5th Harmonic 10% of Filter .05Ω 5

supply voltage fundamental resistance 2mH

component Filter 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Frequency (Hz)
inductance
th
7 harmonic 5% of Values of RLmin=12.
supply voltage fundamental non-linear 5Ω,
Fig. 11 FFT analysis Uncompensated system
component RL load RLmax =20
Ω,LL=1m
H c) The below figure represents source current
wave form with hybrid filter
20

15
VI. Simulation results with Discussion
10
In this paper three different configuration is taken.
5
In first FFT analysis results shows that when the
current in amps

0
above system is tested without filter the THD is
-5
found to be 21%.
-10

In the second case when it is simulated only using -15

Hybrid power Filter THD is reduces to 0.81%.In the -20

0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
time in sec
third case when it is tested same system using fuzzy
interface THD is reduces to 0.40%.Finally the Fig. 12 Source Current Waveform with Hybrid Filter
system is tested with distorted supply THD is found
to be 1.81% which satisfy IEEE std and IEC d) This below figure represents spectrum
standard. From the dynamic response characteristic analysis of the source currents with Hybrid
it can be seen that fuzzy gives better results. filter

a) The below waveform represents uncomp-

ensated source currents vs time

Fig. 13 FFT Analysis of Source Waveform with HPF
Fig. 10 Uncompensated Source Current Waveform

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International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics
(AEEICB16)

e) This wave form represents source current i) This wave form represents source current
with Fuzzy and Hybrid interface during distorted supply

25
20
20
15
15
10
10

5
current in amps

current in amps
0 0

-5 -5

-10 -10

-15 -15

-20 -20
0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
-25 time in sec
0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
time in sec
Fig. 17 Source Current wave to distorted Supply

Fig. 14 Source current waveform with Fuzzy and Hybrid interface

j) This waveform represents spectrum analysis of

f) This waveform represents Dynamic
source currents
Response Between Fuzzy and Without
Fuzzy

25
data1
with fuzzy
20 zero line
without fuzzy

15

10
source current in amps

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25
0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
time in sec

Fig. 15 Dynamic Response Between Fuzzy and

Without Fuzzy

g) This diagram represents Wave Form of Fig.18 FFT Analysis of Source Current to distorted Supply
distorted Supply Voltage

Table IV
distorted voltage source
150 Comparison of THD in % for Different Scheme

100 THD(in %)
System with-out filter 27
50 System with hybrid filter with 0.40
vpicontroller
current in amps

0 System with distorted supply 1.81

-50

-100

VII. CONCLUSION
-150
0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 In this paper the results of three different scheme
time in sec
have been shown i.e system with-out filter,system
Fig. 16 wave form of distorted supply voltage with HybridPowerFilter,system with Fuzzy interface
and looking at the results it can be clearly said
Fuzzy controller with VPI controller efficiently
improves the harmonic performance of the system
satisfying IEEE and IEC standard.

978-1-4673-9745-2 ©2016 IEEE

International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics
(AEEICB16)
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