Power Electronics (EE 5th Semester)

Unit 3: CHOPPERS
1 Choppers converter
a) AC to DC
b) DC to AC
c) DC to DC
d) AC to AC
2 A chopper may be thought as a
a) Inverter with DC input
b) DC equivalent of an AC transformer
c) Diode rectifier
d) DC equivalent of an induction motor
3 Which device can be used in a chopper circuit?
a) BJT
b) MOSFET
c) GTO
d) All of the mentioned
4 A chopper is a
a) Time ratio controller
b) AC to DC converter
c) DC transformer
d) High speed semiconductor switch
5 What is the duty cycle of a chopper?
a) Ton/Toff
b) Ton/T
c) T/Ton
d) Toff x Ton
6 The load voltage of a chopper can be controlled by varying the
a) duty cycle
b) firing angle
c) reactor position
d) extinction angle
7 The values of duty cycle (α) lies between
a) 0<α<1
b) 0>α>-1
c) 0<=α<=1
d) 1<α<100
8 If T is the time period for a chopper circuit and α is its duty cycle, then the
chopping frequency is
a) Ton/α
b) Toff/α
c) α/Toff
d) α/Ton
9 Find the output voltage expression for a step down chopper with Vs as the input
voltage and α as the duty cycle.
a) Vo = Vs/α
b) Vo = Vs x α
 c) Vo = Vs2/α
d) Vo = 2Vs/απ
10 The below given figure is that of a _________ (IGBT is used as a chopper switch)

a) step-up/step-down chopper
b) step-down chopper
c) step-up chopper
d) none of the mentioned
11 If a step up chopper’s switch is always kept off then (ideally)
a) Vo = 0
b) Vo = ∞
c) Vo = Vs
d) Vo > Vs
12 If a step up chopper’s switch is always kept open then (ideally)
a) Vo = 0
b) Vo = ∞
c) Vo = Vs
d) Vo > Vs
13 Find the average value of output voltage of a basic step-down chopper, with duty
cycle = α and load = R Ω.

a) I = Vs x α
b) I = (Vs x α)/R
c) I = 0
d) I = Vs/R
14 For a step-up chopper, when the duty cycle is increased the average value of the
output voltage
a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains the same
d) none of the mentioned
15 For a step-down chopper, when the duty cycle is increased the average value of
the output voltage
a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains the same
d) none of the mentioned
16 The below given chopper circuit is that of a

a) step-up chopper
b) step-down chopper
c) step-up/step-down chopper
d) none of the mentioned
17 The expression for a step-up/step-down chopper with α as the duty cycle and Vs
as the dc input voltage is
a) Vs/1 – α
b) α x Vs
c) Vs (α/1-α)
d) Vs (α/1+α)
18 For a step-up/step-down chopper, if α (duty cycle) = 0.5 then
a) Vo = Vs
b) Vo < Vs
c) Vo > Vs
d) none of the mentioned
19 In the figure shown below, the capacitor C is used to

a) maintain the load voltage constant

b) protect the load
c) protect the chopper switch (SW)
d) maintain the load current constant
20 For a step-up/step-down chopper, if α (duty cycle) < 0.5 then
a) Vo = Vs
 b) Vo < Vs
c) Vo > Vs
d) none of the mentioned
21 In the below shown step-up/step-down chopper circuit, when the chopper switch
(SW) if first on and then off, then the current flows from path

a) Vs-CH-L-Vs
b) L-Load-D-L
c) L-D-Load-L
d) no current flows
22 A step-down chopper is also called as a
a) first-quadrant chopper
b) second-quadrant chopper
c) third-quadrant chopper
d) fourth-quadrant chopper
23 For the type-B chopper shown below

a) during Ton, Vo = 0 and L stores energy

b) during Ton, Vo is not 0 and L stores energy
c) during Ton, Vo = 0 and L releases energy
d) during Ton, Vo is not 0 and L releases energy
24 The below given chopper is that of a

a) step-up chopper
b) step-down chopper
 c) step-up/step-down chopper
d) depends on the duty cycle
25 The type-C chopper or two quadrant type-A chopper has
a) type-A and type-B choppers in series
b) type-A and type-B choppers in parallel
c) two type-A choppers in series
d) two type-A choppers in parallel
26 In case of TRC (Time Ratio Control), _________ is varied
a) duty cycle
b) firing angle
c) supply frequency
d) supply voltage magnitude
27 Name the below given circuit.

a) Type D chopper
b) Type B chopper
c) Two-quadrant type A chopper
d) Two-quadrant type B chopper
28 In the below given circuit output voltage will be 0 when

a) SW1 is on
b) FD is not conducting
c) D2 is conducting
d) SW2 is on
29 In the below given circuit

a) current can never be zero

b) current can flow in both the directions of the load
c) voltage can never be zero
d) none of the mentioned
30 In the below given type C chopper circuit, _______ and _________ together
operate like type A chopper.

a) CH1, FD
b) CH2, FD
c) CH1, D2
d) CH2, D2
31 In the below given type C chopper circuit, ________ and ___________ together
operate like type B chopper.
 a) CH1, FD
b) CH2, FD
c) CH1, D2
d) CH2, D2
32 Which type of chopper is used in the regenerative braking of DC motors?
a) type A
b) type B
c) type C
d) type D
33 Type C chopper consists of
a) two diodes and two switches
b) one diode and one switch
c) one diode and three switches
d) three diodes and two switches
34 In a type C chopper, if only one switch is operated
a) only one quadrant operation will be obtained
b) two quadrant operation can be obtained
c) the chopper won’t work
d) none of the mentioned
35 A type D chopper is a
a) two quadrant type-B chopper
b) two quadrant type-A chopper
c) two quadrant type-C chopper
d) none of the mentioned
36 In a type-D chopper
a) current can flow in both the directions of the load
b) current cannot flow in both the directions of the load
c) voltage can only be positive
d) voltage can only be negative
37 For a type D chopper, the average value of output voltage will be positive when
a) Ton = Toff
b) Ton < Toff
c) Toff = 0
d) Ton > Toff
38 For a type D chopper, if duty cycle = 0.5 then the
a) average voltage is positive
b) average voltage is negative
c) average voltage is zero
d) chopper cannot be operated with duty cycle = 0.5
39 In the below given circuit, if only SW1 is operated then

a) the power flows from load to source

b) the power flows from source to load
c) the average voltage is positive
d) none of the mentioned
40 For a type D chopper, if duty cycle α < 0.5 then the
a) average voltage is positive
b) average voltage is negative
c) average voltage is zero
d) none of the mentioned
41 Identify the given circuit

a) type D chopper
b) two quadrant type C chopper
c) type E chopper
d) type F chopper
42 A type C chopper consists of __________ diodes and _________ switches in anti-
parallel.
a) 2, 2
b) 3, 3
c) 4, 4
d) 3, 4
43 A type C chopper can operate in
a) Ist and IInd quadrants
b) IInd and IIIrd quadrants
 c) Ist, IInd and IIIrd quadrants
d) all the four quadrants
44 For the first quadrant operation of type E chopper

a) Only CH1 is on
b) CH1 and CH2 is on
c) CH1 and CH3 is on
d) CH1 and CH4 is on
45 What is the expression for load voltage when the chopper is operated in the
second quadrant?
a) Vs
b) E
c) 0
d) E + Ldi/dt
46 The load emf E must be reversed for
a) first and second quadrant operation
b) third quadrant operation
c) fourth quadrant operation
d) both third and fourth quadrant operation
47 For the type E chopper to be operated in the fourth quadrant
a) only one switch is operated
b) two switches are operated
c) three switches are operated
d) all the switches are operated
48 In a type E chopper, if all the four chopper switches are closed simultaneously
then
a) load is short circuited
b) supply is short circuited
c) both load and supply are shorted
d) none of the mentioned.
49 When CH4 is turned on and then off

a) load current falls to zero

b) negative current freewheels through D2, D3
c) positive current freewheels through D2, D3
d) none of the mentioned

50 A type C chopper is operated with only positive load current. Choose the correct
statement.

a) CH1 would remain idle

b) D2 would remain idle
c) CH2 would remain idle
d) Both D2 and CH2 would remain idle

Unit 4: INVERTERS AND UPS

1 Inverters converts
a) dc power to dc power
b) dc power to ac power
c) ac power to ac power
d) ac power to dc power
2 Line-commutated inverters have
a) AC on the supply side and DC on the load side
b) AC on both supply and load side
 c) DC on both supply and load side
d) DC on the supply side and AC on the load side
3 In a VSI (Voltage source inverter)
a) the internal impedance of the DC source is negligible
b) the internal impedance of the DC source is very very high
c) the internal impedance of the AC source is negligible
d) the IGBTs are fired at 0 degrees.
4 __________ based inverters do not require self-commutation.
a) IGBT
b) GTO
c) PMOSFET
d) SCR
5 Identify the circuit given below.

a) Half wave series inverter

b) Full wave series inverter
c) Half wave bridge inverter
d) Half wave parallel inverter
6 Single phase half bridge inverters requires
a) two wire ac supply
b) two wire dc supply
c) three wire ac supply
d) three wire dc supply
7 What is the voltage across the R load when only T1 is conducting?

a) Vs
b) Vs/2
c) 2Vs
d) zero
8 In a single-phase half wave inverter ________ SCR(s) are/is gated at a time.
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) none of the mentioned
9 What is the voltage across the R load when only T2 is conducting?

a) Vs
b) Vs/2
c) 2Vs
d) Zero
10 The voltage in a single phase half wave inverter varies between
a) Vs and 0
b) Vs/2 and 0
c) Vs/2 and –Vs/2
d) Vs and –Vs
11 The output of a single-phase half bridge inverter on R load is ideally
a) a sine wave
b) a square wave
c) a triangular wave
d) constant dc
12 The output current wave of a single-phase full bridge inverter on RL load is
a) a sine wave
b) a square wave
c) a triangular wave
d) constant dc
13 Single-phase full bridge inverters requires
a) 4 SCRs and 2 diodes
b) 4 SCRs and 4 diodes
c) 2 SCRs and 4 diodes
d) 2 SCRs and 2 diodes
14 Identify the circuit given below.

a) Full wave series inverter

b) Half wave series inverter
c) Full wave bridge inverter
d) Full wave parallel inverter
15 The output voltage from a single phase full wave bridge inverter varies from
a) Vs to –Vs
b) Vs to zero
c) Vs/2 to zero
d) –Vs/2 to Vs/2
16 In a single phase full wave bridge inverter, when the output is Vs or –Vs
a) one SCR and one diode are conducting
b) four SCRs are conducting
c) two SCRs are conducting
d) two diodes are conducting
17 In the following circuit, the diodes D1 to D4 are used to

a) reduce the switching losses

b) send current back to the dc source when SCRs are off
c) send current back to the load when SCRs are off
d) send current back to the dc source when SCRs are conducting
18 For a full wave bridge inverter, the output voltage (Vo)
a) Vo = Vs/2 for 0 < t < T/2
b) Vo = Vs for 0 < t <T/2
c) Vo = Vs for T/2< t < T
d) Vo = -Vs for T/2< t < 3T/2
19 For a half wave bridge inverter, the output voltage
a) Vo = – Vs/2 for 0 < t < T/2
b) Vo = – Vs/2 for T/2< t<T
c) Vo = – Vs for 0 < t < T/2
d) Vo = Vs/2 for T/2< t < T
20 In a half wave circuit, forced commutation is essential when the
a) load is inductive
b) load is resistive
c) source voltage is below 150 V
d) none of the mentioned
21 In VSI (voltage source inverters)
a) both voltage and current depend on the load impedance
b) only voltage depends on the load impedance
c) only current depends on the load impedance
d) none of the mentioned
22 In the single-pulse width modulation method, the output voltage waveform is
symmetrical about __________
a) π
 b) 2π
c) π/2
d) π/4
23 In the single-pulse width modulation method, the output voltage waveform is
symmetrical about ____________ in the negative half cycle.
a) 2π
b) 3π/2
c) π/2
d) 3π/4
24 The shape of the output voltage waveform in a single PWM is
a) square wave
b) triangular wave
c) quasi-square wave
d) sine wave
25 A three-phase bridge inverter requires minimum of _____________ switching
devices.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
26 In the three-phase bridge inverter, each step consists of
a) 30°
b) 60°
c) 90°
d) will depend on the value of the firing angle
27 In inverters, to make the supply voltage constant
a) an inductor is placed in series with the load
b) capacitor is connected in parallel to the load side
c) capacitor is connected in parallel to the supply side
d) none of the mentioned
28 In the 180° mode VSI, ___________ devices conduct at a time.
a) 5
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
29 In voltage fed thyristor inverters __________ commutation is required.
a) load
b) forced
c) self
d) any commutation technique can be used
30 What is the maximum line voltage value in case of a three-phase VSI in 180°
mode?
a) 2Vs
b) Vs
c) 3Vs
d) 2Vs/3
31 The 120° mode of operation of a three phase bridge inverter requires
___________ number of steps.
a) 2
b) 4
 c) 6
d) 8
32 In case of the 120° mode of operation, __________ devices conduct at a time.
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) none of the mentioned
33 Safe commutation can be achieved in case of the ____________ operating mode.
a) 180°
b) 120°
c) 360°
d) none of the mentioned
34 Several equidistant pulses per half cycle are used in ___________ type of
modulation technique.
a) single-pulse
b) multiple-pulse
c) sine-pulse
d) equidistant-pulse
35 In the MPM method, the comparator is given _______ and _______ types of
waveform at its input.
a) square, sine
b) square, quasi-square
c) sine, triangular
d) square, triangular
36 In MPM, the square wave is the ________ signal whereas the triangular wave is
the ________ signal.
a) reference, carrier
b) base, reference
c) carrier, reference
d) none of the mentioned
37 In the multiple pulse width modulation method, the firing pulses are generate
during the interval when the
a) triangular wave exceeds the square modulating wave
b) square modulating wave exceeds the triangular wave
c) square wave amplitude is same as the triangular wave’s amplitude
d) none of the mentioned
38 In ___________ type of modulation method, the pulse width is not equal for all
the pulses.
a) multiple pulse width modulation
b) single pulse width modulation
c) sinusoidal pulse width modulation
d) none of the mentioned
39 In sinusoidal pulse width modulation, __________ wave is compared with a
___________ type of wave.
a) square, sinusoidal
b) sinusoidal, triangular
c) sinusoidal, quasi-square
d) none of the mentioned
40 In the sinusoidal pulse width modulation, __________ is the carrier wave signal.
a) square wave
 b) triangular wave
c) sinusoidal wave
d) quasi-square wave
41 In the sinusoidal pulse width modulation, ____________ is the reference wave
signal.
a) square wave
b) triangular wave
c) sinusoidal wave
d) quasi-square wave
42 In sinusoidal pulse width modulation, the comparator output is high when the
a) triangular wave has magnitude higher than the sinusoidal wave
b) sinusoidal wave has magnitude higher than the triangular wave
c) triangular wave has magnitude equal to the sinusoidal wave
d) none of the mentioned
43 In PWM, the comparator output is further given to a ____________
a) integrator
b) scr devices
c) trigger pulse generator
d) snubber circuit
44 The modulation index (MI) is given by
Vr = peak value of the reference wave.
Vc = peak value of the carrier wave.
a) Vr/Vc
b) Vc/Vr
c) (1 + Vc/Vr)
d) 1/(Vc Vr)
45 By controlling the modulation index (MI), __________ can be controlled.
a) gain
b) output frequency
c) harmonic content of the output voltage
d) cosine component of the output voltage
46 In pulse width modulated inverters, the output voltage is controlled by controlling
the
a) input frequency
b) modulating index
c) amplification factor
d) none of the mentioned
47 Increasing the number of pulses (N), ____________
a) reduces the output voltage amplitude
b) reduces the inverter efficiency
c) improves the inverter efficiency
d) none of the mentioned
48 A VSI will have a better performance if its
a) load inductance is small and source inductance is large
b) both load inductance and source inductance are small
c) both load inductance and source inductance are large
d) none of the mentioned
49 Control of frequency and control of voltage in 3-phase inverters is
a) possible only through inverter control circuit
b) possible through the control circuit of inverter and converter
 c) possible through inverter control of frequency and through converter
control for voltage
d) none of the mentioned
50 Output voltage of a single-phase bridge inverter, fed from a fixed dc source is
varied by
a) varying the switching frequency
b) pulse-width modulation
c) pulse amplitude modulation
d) all of the mentioned

Unit 5. CYCLOCONVERTERS
1 A cycloconverter is a _________
a) one stage power converter
b) one stage voltage converter
c) one stage frequency converter
d) none of the mentioned
2 Applications of cycloconverters include
a) speed control of ac drives
b) induction heating
c) static VAr compensation
d) all of the mentioned
3 The single phase mid-point type cycloconverter uses __________ number of
SCRs.
a) 4
b) 8
c) 6
d) none of the mentioned
4 The single phase bridge type cycloconverter uses __________ number of SCRs.
a) 4
b) 8
c) 6
d) none of the mentioned
5 In the positive half cycle from ωt = 0 to π

a) P1 and P2 are forward biased

b) N1 and P2 are forward biased
 c) P1 and N2 are forward biased
d) None of the mentioned
6 In the below given cycloconverter circuit, _________ and _________ conduct in
one cycle together.

a) P1, P2 and N1, N2

b) P1, N2 and N1, P2
c) N1, P1 and N1, P2
d) None of the mentioned
7 In the positive half cycle, _________ SCRs are forward biased.

a) P1, P2, N1, N2

b) P1, P2, P3, P4
c) N1, N2, N3, N4
d) P3, P4, N1, N2
8 The principle of three phase cycloconverter is to
a) add and remove number of SCRs
b) vary progressively the firing angle of the devices
c) keep the firing angle as 0° for all the devices
d) none of the mentioned
9 In three phase cycloconverters, the reduction factor is given by
a) input frequency/output frequency
b) (input frequency/output frequency) -1
 c) (input frequency/output frequency) -1/2
d) (input frequency/output frequency) 1/2
10 In a three phase half-wave cycloconverter ___________
a) both inverting and converting action takes place
b) only inversion action takes place
c) only converting action takes place
d) none of the mentioned
11 A cycloconverter is a
(a) Frequency changer from higher to lower frequency with one-state conversion
(b) Frequency changer from higher to lower frequency with two-stage conversion
(c) Frequency changer from lower to higher frequency with one-stage conversion
(d) Either a or c
12 The cycloconverter require natural or forced commutation as under
(a) Natural commutationin bothstep-up and step down cycloconverter
(b) Forced commutation in both step-up and step-down cycloconverter
(c) Forced commutation in step-up cycloconverter
(d) Forced commutation in step-down cycloconverter
13 The quality of output ac voltage of a cycloconverter is improved with
a) a)Increase in output voltage at reduced frequency
b) b)Increase in output voltage at increased frequency
c) c) decrease in output voltage at reduced frequency
d) d) decrease in output voltage at increased frequency
14 A four quadrant chopper cannot be operated as
a) a)One quadrant chopper
b) b)Cycloconverter
c) c) Inverter
d) d)Bidirectional rectifier

15 A cycloconverter converts:
a)AC to DC
b)DC to AC
1. c)DC to DC with different level
2. d)AC to AC at different frequencies
16 AC voltage controllers convert
a) fixed ac to fixed dc
b) variable ac to variable dc
c) fixed ac to variable ac
d) variable ac to fixed ac
17 In AC voltage controllers the
a) variable ac with fixed frequency is obtained
b) variable ac with variable frequency is obtained
c) variable dc with fixed frequency is obtained
d) variable dc with variable frequency is obtained
18 Earlier then the semiconductor technology, ___________ devices were used for
voltage control applications.
a) cycloconverters
b) vacuum tubes
c) tap changing transformer
d) induction machine
19 The AC voltage controllers are used in __________ applications.
a) power generation
b) electric heating
c) conveyor belt motion
d) power transmission
20 In the principle of phase control
a) the load is on for some cycles and off for some cycles
b) control is achieved by adjusting the firing angle of the devices
c) control is achieved by adjusting the number of on off cycles
d) control cannot be achieved
21 A single-phase half wave voltage controller consists of
a) one SCR is parallel with one diode
b) one SCR is anti parallel with one diode
c) two SCRs in parallel
d) two SCRs in anti parallel
22 Pulse gating is suitable for
a) R loads only
b) R and RL loads
c) RL loads only
d) all types of loads
23 In continues gating
a) overlap angle is very high
b) SCR is heated up
c) size of the pulse transformer is small
d) commutation cannot be achieved effectively
24 High frequency gating uses a
a) train of pulses
b) continuous gating block
c) carrier signal
d) none of the above
25 A single-phase sinusoidal voltage controller has
a) one primary and n secondary windings
b) one primary and (n-1) secondary windings
c) n primary and n secondary windings
d) (n-1) primary and n secondary windings
26 Sequence control of ac voltage controllers is employed for the improvement of
_________
a) output frequency
b) input frequency
c) commutation
d) system power factor
27 A two stage sequence control is
a) two SCRs in anti parallel
b) two voltage controllers in parallel
c) two voltage controllers in series
d) a voltage controller having two voltage level
28 From the below given statements regarding sequence control of ac voltage, which
of them are true?
i) It improves system power factor
ii) It reduces the harmonic content at the output
 iii) Wider control of output voltage is possible
a) only (i)
b) only (i) and (ii)
c) only (i) and (iii)
d) all of them are true
29 The below given circuit is that of a

a) four stage sequence controller

b) two stage sequence controller
c) full wave ac voltage controller
d) none of the mentioned
30 If T1, T2 are kept off and T3, T4 are having a firing angle of 180° each, then the
output voltage is ____ if the turns ratio is 1:1

a) Vs
b) √2Vs
c) 0
d) 2Vs
31 For obtaining the output voltage control from V to 2V, the firing angle must be

a) always 0 for T3, T4

b) always 180 for T3, T4
c) 0 to 180 from T3, T4
d) none of the mentioned
32 For obtaining the output voltage control from V to 2V, the firing angle must be

a) always 0 for T1, T2

b) always 180 for T1, T2
c) 0 to 180 from T1, T2
d) none of the mentioned
33 In a N-stage sequence controller, each secondary is rated for __________
a) n x Vs
b) Vs
c) Vs/n
d) Vs x (n-1)
34 The converter circuit which employs turn on and turn off when the voltage and/or
current through the device is zero at the instant of switching is ____________
a) a conventional converter
b) a resonant converter
c) a zero switching circuit
d) none of the mentioned
35 TRIAC is used in
a) chopper
b) speed control of induction machine
c) speed control of universal motor
d) none of the mentioned