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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

T
he preparation of this AMP adheres, as per the agreement, to the ten-step procedure of
the Asset Management manual, which is prepared by the GIZ, and latter elaborated
and contextualized by the Ministry of Urban Development and Construction (which is
now called as Ministry of Urban Development, Housing and Construction).

Thus, the team began its task by detail identification and defining of asset Future classes for
those major assets classified by four strategic activity areas that have been identified and
presented in the Terms of Reference (TOR) by the city administration. Such defined asset
classified by four strategic activity areas and Future classes were defined for the study and these
have been presented for discussion with the focal persons of this Asset Management Plan (AMP)
project. Then, after incorporating all the comments come out from the discussion, strategic
activity areas, Future classes have been identified to be covered in this AMP study, and for
which a precise report was submitted to the city administration in the inception report. It is with
this background that this AMP is prepared.

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STRUCTURE OF THE (AMP)

T
he structure of Dukem Asset Management Plan generally organized following the
requested 10-Steps of Asset Management Plan developing process as it has been
described in the ToR. It is divided into twelve sections, each of which deals with a
specific aspect of the Infrastructure Asset Management Plan of Dukem. These sections are
presented in a summarized as follows:

Introduction This is an introductory part of the plan preparation, which includes a brief review
of Dukem’s General Background, the Terms of Reference (ToR) that has been
prepared for this AMP preparation, Definitions of Related Terms, Objectives the
Project, the Approach and Methodology, and this Structure/Organization of the
Asset Management plan.

Section I: First section which deals about Step 1 of the AMP process that is development
and building of GIS project and the data management structure. It comprises six
sub-sections that describe General Background (including assessment of
requirement) of the Map Option, Use of GIS Application and Environment
(including the proposed systems), Spatial Data Management System and SQL
database system, integrating the Future classes into the GIS Environment, and the
SQL database system.

Section II: This is the Second section which deals about Step 2 of the AMP, Building an
institutional framework for Asset Management Plan and a comprehensive,
integrated, structure for managing the City’s Assets.

Section III: This section deals about Step 3 of the AMP preparation process that is a step in
which the inventoried asset data is compiled. This section consists of three sub-
sections that deal about creation of Unique Identification Number (UIN) for
assets, Structure of the Asset Data and the Inventoried Asset Data.

Section IV: Section 4 presents the asset condition assessment (which is step-4 of the AMP
preparation process) and within which the Overall Condition Assessment

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Indicators and the Condition Assessment for all asset categories havebeen
presented

Section V: This section addresses step 5 of the AMP preparation process that refers to
preparation of the asset maintenance budget guide and in which critical issues
like Asset Maintenance Activities are stated, Unit Rates for Maintenance are
created and Overall Budgetary Cost Requirements for Maintenance are estimated
and presented.

Section VI: Section 6 deals with Step-6 of the AMP preparation processes (that discusses
Replacement Cost and Existing Value of Asset Base)in which four sub-titles
(such as List of Unit rates for New Assets, Replacement Cost of city
administration Asset Base, the current Value of Assets and Asset Deficits) are
made and presented.

Section VII: This section is devoted to that of Step-7 and in which Measure of Assets against
Strategic Goals and Objectives is addressed. Thus, it includes discussions on the
Significance of such Measuring, Capital Investment, City Revenue, and Planning
for New Works.

Section III: This section, in another instance, is dealt with detailed plan for on-going
maintenance, together with a plan to address the maintenance deficit

Section IX: This section represents Step-9 of the AMP preparation process and deals about A
set of summary tables that show both the approved new works, and the
maintenance projects, set out as a 3-year rolling program.

Section X: This is a final section of AMP, which looks on Step 10 of the process that deals
about the development of implementation strategy. This has two sub sections and
one ofwhich is General Policy Framework for Implementation Strategy (which
reviews Policy Considerations, Roles and Responsibilities, Staffing Situation,
Use of GIS Environment for AMP, Integrating AMP with Infrastructure
Management, Updating/ Revision of AMP and Decentralization to Kebele).

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background Of Dukem City

T
he world population is increasing at an alarming rate. This growth is both a result of
natural growth and migration, which is mostly pronounced in the developing and under
developed countries. The developing nations are currently urbanizing more rapidly
than the industrialized countries. According to UN-Habitat (2005), some African countries are
experiencing an annual urban population growth rates ranging from 4 to 5%. Ethiopia, as one of
the sub-Saharan African countries, falls under this category. Urbanization level in the country is
low. However, the rate of growth is increasing from time to time both nationwide and regionally.
More specifically, Dukem City, one of the category C of level one cities of Oromia National
Regional State, is experiencing a population growth rate of 7.5% per annum on average.

Dukem is one of the reforming cities of Oromia found in the Special Zone of Oromia National
Regional State, 37 kilometers South East of Addis Ababa along the Addis Ababa –Bishoftu
transport route that connects the East shoa zone. The city was established in 1970 E.C. The main
roads in the city are the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway and national highway. The city lies
between 8 045`25’’N to 8 050`30’’ N latitude and 38 051`55’’E to 38 056`5’’ E longitude. Its
temperature has an overall Temperate climate. The City lies on a flat land. It also lies 1900m
above sea level. The city’s administration falls into four Kebeles with considerable decision-
making power in local affairs. The Kebeles are the lowest administrative units within the
administrative structure of the city (See Map1.) However, since Dukem Town is Industrialized
Zone, the growth of population increased at fast rate. This creates tremendous pressures to
manage urban infrastructure in an environmentally sustainable way, to meet current development
needs and to ensure the quality of these resource is preserved or enhanced for future generations.
However, there are different demands and problems at the global scales. In the Ethiopia, where
rapid growth combined with inadequate roads, drainage, water supply, sanitation, waste
collection and waste management systems. The same is true in dukem city and also the existing
infrastructural poor conditions overall.Dukem shares boundaries with the two Kebeles and two
cities: Gelan city in the north east, Bishoftu city in the south west and Dibdibe rural kebele in the
southern part of the town.

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The total area of the city is about 3586 hectares (RUPI, 2009). The city is expanding rapidly as a
large portion of the surrounding farmland has been changed transformed into urban land and
industrial use. The major land uses of Dukem city comprise housing, business and commercial
and public facilities as well as public and industrial open spaces (See figure below).

Fig 1 structural plan of Dukem City

From the total area of the city, residence comprises 1308hectares, which is 36.5% of the total
area
The commercial 215 hectares which is 6%, services 63hectare which is 1.75%, Administration
11 hectare which is 0.3%, industrial and storage area 658 hectare which occupies 18.34% of total
area. The rest are occupied by recreation, urban agriculture, forest, buffer etc.
The city is developing rapidly; thanks to its increasing location comparative advantages, as well
as the current government’s economic policy of promoting private investment.

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Currently, Dukem is implementing leasehold land delivery system which is directly or indirectly
contributing to the city’s rapid spatial and economic growth. This situation has been
characterized by the migration of people both from the surrounding rural areas and the urban
centers in the country resulting in episodic growth of the small city’s population.

1.2. Population
Many ethnic groups of the country including the Oromo, Amhara, Gurage, SNNP and Tigre as
well as Eastern and some European investors have found home in Dukem.

According to the 2009 structural Plan of study, the population of Dukem Town is 144,027(source
Dukem Finance office). However, since Dukem Town is industrialized zone, the growth of
population increased at fast rate. According to Finance and Economic Development Office of the
town, the population is increasing every year by 7.5%.

The city has also administrative structures of state functions headed by the mayor and municipal
functions separately since 2003 based on Proclamation No.65/2003 of Oromia National Regional
State that provided for the establishment of urban local governments in the region.

Some of the duties and responsibilities of the city administration includes:

 Ensuring the delivery of efficient, transparent and equitable municipal services,

 Receiving, handling and responding to the pleas of residents concerning municipal
services,
 Preparing annual plan through community and sectoral participation and submitting to
the mayor and city counselor for approval,
 Submitting action plans and budget proposals to the Mayor city counselor concerning city
wide and municipal services and implementing them upon approval
 Executing decisions concerning municipal services, submitting work performance reports
to the Mayor and performing other duties assigned to the office by the Mayor within the
frame work given for the city administration.

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1.3. Economic Activities

The economy of the city is mainly based on small-scale, medium and large scale industries and
micro and small enterprises. There are urban agricultural activities both within and around the
boundary of the city service provision and others. In addition, private sector investment is
receiving paramount attention in the last eight or nine years. As a result of the rapid expansion
and growth of the city, the demand of various types of infrastructure is highly increasing from
time to time. The urban area is an important commercial center for agricultural and industrial
products. Catering activities like bars, hotels, restaurants are very important due to the huge
number of transit vehicles and passengers that visit the city daily on their way.

1.4. Public infrastructure condition of the city

Despite the city has a long history of foundation for more than 4 decades, the level of
development of public infrastructures is poor. The road sector is mainly dominated by earthen
road. Asphalt roads are only found in very few areas/routes/ mainly along the main routes of the
cities. Since recent years, the city is taking initiations to develop main routes with standardized
asphalt roads and cobblestones for inner roads. The expansion areas and slum areas are mainly
characterized by earthen roads. But, since recent years, the city administration has designed its
strategic development plan to provide with standardized public infrastructures (both physical and
social infrastructures). In addition, the city has special feature in providing public infrastructure
to the residents; is that the administration could work with community in a highly participatory
way that indicates the prevalence of good governance. Every year, many infrastructure projects
were constructed/ executed by local peoples through monetary contribution and labor. Some of
the common projects executed include bridges, public toilets, local red ash and earthen road,
local earthen drains, school facilities, disposal/ clearing of solid wastes. The administration of the
city has been attempting to supply the infrastructure like road, water and electricity to the people
of the city by the municipal revenue and vital participation of the community. However, there is
high gap yet to satisfy the demand to basic infrastructure. This is why the city has planned to
prepare this asset management plan.

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1.5. Objective Of Asset Management Plan(Amp)

1.5.1. General Objective

The purpose of preparing this AMP document in general is to make the city administration and
the public aware of the city asset location, condition, value, age and to make appropriate decision
for its upgrading, rehabilitation or maintenance.

1.5.2. Specific Objective

 To prepare detail and standard asset management plan adapting the steps mentioned in
asset management manual for the city of Dukem;
 To identify the major drawbacks and strength of asset management plan implementation
in the city;
 To estimate of the residual cost/worth of an asset and its replacement costs.
 To assess the condition of each assets of the city`s administration using simple and
acceptable indicators;
 To integrate / link the physical data with all attributes indicated and develop geo-database
for all infrastructure categories;
 To generate report for project planning, budgeting and maintenance schedule
 To produce effective capital investment planning and strategies for long term operation
and maintenance of infrastructure asset;
 To estimate the operation and maintenance costs of existing and new infrastructure;
 To propose an implementation strategy for the asset management plan
1.6. Scope Of The Study

Spatial Scope:

For both asset management plan and land plot and land use inventory, the spatial scope of the
assignment covers the area covered within built up area of the city. Clearly the assessment covers
proper City administration. The assessment does not cover agricultural land uses included in the
structure plan proposal as future expansion area of the city.

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Thematic Scope:

The proposed Asset Management Plan focuses on inventory, collecting, organizing, mapping and
building system software on assets management plan in the entire city administration. It also
covers the major infrastructure categories and sub categories as per the urban asset management
plan manual.

Asset management plan is considered as the appropriate way of identifying and recording the
basic urban social and physical infrastructures, mainly roads, drainages, bridges and culverts,
sanitation, water supply, and street light. As long as asset management plan is concerned,
infrastructure inventory and data collecting approach are very tiresome and time-taking task. In
this infrastructure asset management plan, the data of the infrastructure is gathered through field
survey by assigning engineers and surveyors in of the city. The data regarding water supply and
is obtained from water supply office of the city.

Generally, the public asset data collected through survey using the developed formats were
properly categorized for each item and analyzed in the way it is possible to classify the
infrastructures for maintenance and rehabilitation. So, this Asset management plan is found to be
taken as a document that shows the status.

2. STATUS OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN DUKEM CITY

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D
ukem is one of the reform cities of Oromia, in the fast development truck. It is
among the grade 1 cities of Oromia Regional State. It is striving hard to improve its
status. Although the city has been expanded highly in the last five years, the
provision of basic infrastructures is not as rapid as the expansion of housing, investment and
social sectors. The town has proposed road networks of 356 km according to structural Plan of
the town in 2008 and the road sector is mainly dominated by Gravel road. In the last, few years’
earthen roads have been changed to gravel roads. Cobblestone roads are being constructed about
71.6 km in the town. Asphalt road is about 9.145km in the city that had been constructed by
Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) and CCCC (China Community Construction Company)
expressway wich is under Ethiopian Toll Roads Entreprise.Two Additional concrete Asphalt
Road is under construction by the city administration each 2.5km in length.41.245kmof the Red
ash road had been constructed in the city.

There has been substantial participation of the community and private sectors during the work.
This situation has enabled to change the status of infrastructure of the city.

From the existing condition of infrastructure, density, intensity, and the demand for these
infrastructures, the city need to supply all types of basic utilities (infrastructure) in terms of item
and size and quality. The road items and their distribution are mainly dominated by earthen and
gravel road, which needs closer consideration from all stakeholders of the city.

Yet there is no adequate sanitation and solid waste infrastructure disposal site and service
provision; it requires Careful attention and sound resources allocation.

Drainage problem has persisted for years as big risk to the city dwellers and development. The
distribution of this infrastructure (drainage) is not proportional to all areas.

Clean and reliable drinking water is essential for good health. The source of water supply for
Dukem city is 9 (Nine) boreholes functional now. The town is access to tap water that has a
capacity of producing an average about 4914m3 per day at boreholesThe existing average daily
water production (2914 m3 per day) and that of average water available for consumption is 2586
m3 per day. Based on the combined yield of Boreholes, the minimum average total annual

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production capacity of the Dukem scheme is estimated to be 1,793,610 m3 and coverage of the
city is about 88.41%.

An electric light is a device that produces light by the flow of electric current. It is the most
common form of artificial lighting and essential to modern society, providing interior lighting for
buildings and exterior light for evening and nighttime activities. For mentioned services, the city
has solarstreetlight, LED Streeetlight,high length voltage line and Transformers.

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3. STEP-1: BUILD THE GIS PROJECT AND THE DATA

MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE

A
s stipulated in Urban Infrastructure Asset Management Plan manual, asset
management is expensive to construct and maintain the strategic solutions of a city at
one time. The merit of GIS based database is the provision of ample, seamless
integration, dynamically updateable tabular and spatial data, easy query/analysis facilities and
versatile for generating report for project planning, budgeting and maintenance schedule.
Besides, based on the information generated, one can produce effective capital investment
planning and strategies for long-term operation and maintenance of infrastructure asset. The
Infrastructure Asset inventory asset management plan of Dukem City has been prepared
following the basic steps that is:

 Acquisition of recent Orth photo for the AMP;

 Defining and Creating a Coordinate System of the Project;
 Geo-referencing the Orth photo/Image;
 Creation of a GIS Project, which includes Geo-database (Feature Dataset,
Feature Class and Geodatabase Table.

3.1. The Geospatial Data of Dukem City

Dukem City is located in East Shewa Zone of Oromia National Regional State at a distance of
about 95 km from the national capital Addis Ababa. Astronomically, the city is situated between
8 045`25’’N to 8 050`30’’ N latitude and 38 051`55’’E to 38 056`5’’ E longitude.

This revised Asset Management Plan manual which was released in June, 2016; uses a
Geographical Information System as the platform for managing the city`s assets after
conducting detailed inventory. There is a very good reason for making this choice, which is
summed up by the following explanation, namely that: “The use of spatial relational terms
requires the selection of a reference frame and the construction of a spatial template”; What this
statement means is that, to build relationships between spatial data, two shared components are
required.

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The first component (the reference frame) is a common (shared) spatial referencing system, so
that when a junction in a road (for example) is given a coordinate, that coordinate is common to,
and understood by all users of the system. In Geographic Information System, there are two
major coordinate systems: that is; Geographic Coordinate System and Projected Coordinate
System. To describe it briefly the former (Geographic Coordinate System) is based on three-
dimension coordinate system (x, y and z) or Latitude, Longitude and Elevation that is modelled
in mathematical geometry which define the shape of the Earth in a circle and more specifically
modelling the Earth is a sphere. However, the limitation with the Geographic Coordinate System
is not suitable for area and distance calculation since it is based in degree, therefore, Geodesist`s
have defined a datum based on a perfect ellipsoid for countries to have different spatial reference
system by projecting the three-dimensional coordinate in to two dimension as done by
Transverse Mercator who is an American Mathematician and Geographer who developed the
Universal Transverse Mercator(UTM) projection by putting the Earth in a cylinder. Accordingly,
Ethiopia uses Adindan datum for a spatial reference for horizontal measurement which fall in
three Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection consists of (36, 37 and 38 UTM zones)
with Clarke 1880 modified spheroid. The coordinate system used for the preparation of Dukem
AMP is Universal Mercator Projection Zone 37 with Clarke 1880 modified spheroid and the
horizontal reference point(datum) is Adindan, minute and second or degree, grad and radian.

3.2. Establishing of a GIS project

Establishing a GIS operating environment is an important step that should be carried out for a
city for the first time or an existing once to implement Asset Management Plan successfully.
Dukem has carried a consultancy service in the Ethiopian Budget Year of 2010/20011 to conduct
detailed inventory of its assets using Geographic Information System(GIS) as platform.
Consequently, the consulting firm created the GIS project in ArcGIS 10.4.1 software. The city
has a full geo-database of its assets and the AMP unit has updated the newly worked and
maintained assets.

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3.3. The difference between Data and Information

The two terms - data and information - are often used interchangeably. However, they are quite
distinct, and, since both are critical components of GIS, it is important to be clear about the
difference between them.

The term ‘data’ refers to raw facts. So, collecting facts about the road network, such as the start
and end points, length, width, material of surface finish and so on, is described as data collection.
In Asset Management, data is generally synonymous with numbers or values that describe
characteristics of the different elements that make up the various asset categories (described in
Step 2).

Information, on the other hand, is generally used to describe processed facts, i.e.; the answer
that comes out of queries made about the data, and which results in a useful or meaningful
output. Thus, a table that sums up how many kilometres of road the city has for each surface
finish is information. This example provides another way of looking at the difference between
the two terms, where it can be seen that the data provides simple facts, while the information is
actually transmitting a message about those facts.

3.4. Defining the relationship between Spatial and Attribute Data

Data is stored in tables known as databases, and a blank table that provides a pre-defined list of
columns that define the data to be collected is known as a template. The relationship for defining
spatial data versus attribute data depends up on the technology that we apply for preparing Asset
Management Plan. Geographic Information System (GIS) provides better platform for storing
attribute data while the spatial data displayed as graphics in the display in the drawing window of
a specific GIS software. Geographic Information System is working in Relational Database
Management System with various sequential query languages.

In short spatial data in Infrastructure Asset Inventory and Management Plan is the road centre
line, drainage line, pedestrian walkway and road median which are represented in polyline in
feature geometry in GIS while the attribute data is the route id, node id, width of the road,
surface material, deterioration type, condition assessment and year of construction that will be
collected from the field survey in a city.

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3.5. The Backdrop Image of the AMP

The backdrop image is an important component of the Infrastructure Asset Inventory and
Management Plan in which the vector layers, spatial templates, or feature classes are digitized
from this georeferenced Orthophoto or Satellite Imagery. Contemporarily high-resolution
Satellite Imagery Acquisition companies in the World are Geo EYE, Digital Globe, SKYSAT
and SPOT PLEIADES. The first three belong to the United States of America while the last one
belong to France.

The other important option for a backdrop image for the AMP is high resolution Ortho Photo in
which high resolution Photo Camera will be mounted on an Air Plane and takes Aerial View
Shots of a place. These Snap shots of aerial picture of a place will be processed in
photogrammetry software with a super computer or workstation. Currently, the Information
Network Security Agency (INSA) is mandated to perform this task in Ethiopia. Accordingly, the
Ministry of Urban Development and Housing (MUDH) in collaboration with INSA and the
Ethiopian Mapping Agency have captured Ortho Photo of 23 major cities in Ethiopia, which was
flown in June 2012 G.C. by INSA.

Figure 2 The Backdrop Ariel Photo of Dukem city

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3.6. The Geo-data base Structure

ArcGIS geodatabase is a collection of geographic datasets of various types held in a common file
system folder, or a multiuser relational DBMS (such as Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server,
PostgreSQL, Informix, or IBM DB2). Geodatabases come in many sizes, have varying numbers
of users and can scale from small; single-user databases built on files up to larger workgroup,
department, and enterprise geodatabases accessed by many users (ESRI, 2015).There are three
types of geodatabase in ArcGIS. Namely

i. Personal Geo-database

ii. File Geo-database

iii. ArcSDE Geo-database

The Dukem AMP geodatabase is designed in File Geo-database, which has a Terabyte memory,
which allows various Raster and Vector data to be stored within it.

Figure 3: Dukem AMP geodatabase designed in ArcGIS 10.4.1 Software

The Dukem AMP File Geo-database is structured in feature dataset, Raster Dataset, feature
class and geodatabase table. This helps the user to have a quick view of the data in Arc Catalog
of ArcGIS and allow automatic calculation of length and area while you work in ArcGIS Geo-
database. Moreover, the geodatabase is structured using attribute domain and subtype. The logic

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behind organizing data in attribute domain is to set the permissible value of a field type or to
constrain the value allowed for any particular attribute for a table, feature class or sub-type. This
is quite useful to constrain the allowable value of a field type in a situation where the same
feature class data entry is handled by different person. For instance, road material attribute is
constrained to the following values:

Surface Material Code

 Asphalt Road (1),

 Cobble Road (2),

 Gravel Road (3),

 Red Ash Road (4),

 Large Block Stone (5),

 Earth Pressed Road (6),

 Concrete Bridge (7),

 Steel Bridge (8),

 Culvert (9)

 Earthen Natural (10)

 Concrete Road (11)

 Over Pass (12)

Besides, a person can easily manage data entry by choosing from the look up table instead of
consuming time for entering value just by writing; which obviously is different from one person
to another. For instance, if the data is not organized according to the aforementioned approach of
geo-database in uncontrolled manner, one person may write mistakenly “concrete road” as
‘concrt road’, the others ‘concret’ and so on, which makes difficult the integrity of data for
generating refined report on asset management plan. In conclusion, the organization of data as

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mentioned above makes data entry to be simple as one can easily choose the values from the
already set look up table; even without having user interface system.

The other advantage of attribute domain is sharing of the same attribute by different feature
class. For instance, the general condition assessment of all asset categories is modeled (coded)
as:1(Very Good), 2(Good), 3(Moderate),4(Poor) and 5(Severe) that is shared from the geo-
database by all feature class of Road, Walkways, Drainage, Land Sliding Retaining and Flood
Controlling Wall to describe the condition of the given infrastructure asset.

Therefore, the attribute domain enforces data integrity by maintaining common values to share
same information that can be performed by different persons and different attributes of different
feature class to share the same attribute to realize consistency, validity and integrity of data.

3.7. Creating Tabular Database Structure

A tabular database has been compiled for an infrastructure asset categories and sub-categories.
The road is classified in to Asphalt Road, Cobble Road, Gravel Road, Red Ash Road, Large
Block Stone, Earth Pressed Road, Natural Earthen road; Concrete Bridge and Culvert were
classified by road surface material. A specific sub-category of the asset, say asphalt road,
consists of many fields or attributes such as carriage width in meter, left and right carriage way
Kerbing material and width, date of construction, road condition and so on. The route is also
divided along section of road in to a number of discrete sections for ease of maintenance and
quality definition for road, walkways, drainage and street signpost.

Similarly, for water distribution line, the main subset of the distribution line is categorized in to
DCI, GS, HDPE and PVC by material type. The same is true for point data like Street light
where the left and right side point data is captured including attributes of street light type
(Incandescent, Florescent, High Pressure Magnesium Light, High Pressure Sodium Light and
Light Emitting Diode) using hand held GPS.

A similar situation would apply to the linear elements of the water supply category. So, for
example, using the sub-category of water, steel distribution mains, and a similar set of variations
would apply, defining different elements (segments) of the sub-category by length, class and
diameter. For further elaboration of the approach for tabular database template pursuant to

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operational manual, two examples are provided. The first one let us take a linear element of
Road, its category is Road and Movement Network, its sub-category is Cobble or Small Block
Paved Road, element is described by defining two node points (Node from, Node to), one
defining the start while the other defining the end respectively. The route is uniquely identified
by Route id. In the same manner, let us take a point element of pump, its category is Water
Supply Network, its sub-category is pump, its specific geographic location is identified by x, y
coordinates and described according to pipe material, dimension, discharge amount, year
installed and so on. Unique number identifies the element. The spatial and non-spatial databases
are linked with unique id, which makes the integration versatile to accommodate data within the
same geo-database system. More indicators are developed for infrastructure asset management
plan based on the operational manual and tailoring variables to the context of Dukem city. The
following table depicted below shows sample road network and drainage tabular database
templates used for Dukem City Asset Inventory and management plan.

Table 1: Example of Tabular Database for Road Network Category and Sub-Category
Field Name Data Type Description of the Field Name
Route ID Text Route Identification Number
Node From Text Node From
Node To Text Node To
Length From Double Length From
Length To Double Length To
RoadMat Text Road Material
Length Double Actual Length in Metre
Deterioration Type Text Type of Deterioration
Deterioration Area Double Deterioration Area in m2
Condition Text Condition Assessment
Carriageway Width Double Carriage Width
CarraiageWayType Text Carriage Way Type
Kerbing Material Left Text Kerbing Material Left
Kerbing Left Width Double Kerbing Left Width in Centimetre
Kerbing Material Right Text Kerbing Material Right
Kerbing Right Width Double Kerbing Left Right in Centimetre
Construction Year Long Integer Date/Year Construction
Maintenance Year Long Integer Maintenance Year
Ownership Text Ownership of Road

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The overall database structure of this AMP is established in the following form (adopted from
the manual). Thus, the spatial dataset (as a whole) holds the central place connected with all the
required Tabular Data Sets (TDS) of assets.

 TDS1: is dataset that provides data on the physical condition of all assets;

 TDS 2: is data set that provides data on the assets cost and value;

 TDS 3: is data set that provides data on all new works;

 TDS 4: is data set that provides data on the condition and maintenance requirements;

 TDS 5: is data set that provides data on the maintenance planning;

Figure 4: Relational diagram of the attribute databases used for the AMP

3.8. The Computer Directory Management Structure

The AMP computer directory management system of Dukem City has been prepared
maintenance requirements and maintenance planning). These have been arranged in an integrated
form (Folders, Geo-database, Feature Dataset, Feature Classes, and tables for viewing,
manipulating, updating and analyzing spatial data. Besides, the directory also contains Microsoft
Word format report, and Orthophoto of the City.

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The other important technology selection for this project is the selection of the appropriate
software. The World Bank Infrastructure Asset Inventory and Management Plan as an ideal
software for the preparation of Dukem AMP have selected Arc Info ArcGIS 10.4.1. This
software is the product of Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI, 2015 Redlands
California USA) which are the most powerful GIS software for entertaining large database,
which are compatible in any database soft wares like SQL Server or Oracle, and programming
languages like C#, VB.Net, Python, and Java.

Desktop ArcGIS 10.4.1 has a number of extensions for instance Linear Referencing, Spatial
Analyst, Network Analyst, 3D Analyst, etc…from the available extensions, Linear Referencing,
Network Analyst and Spatial Analysis will be chosen to perform the Asset Management Plan
study of the city. The details of these extensions are discussed in the following sections.

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4. STEP-2: BUILDING THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

AND THE ASSET MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
4.1. The City's Institutional Framework

D
ukem has a council elected by its residents that assumes the Legislative power and
the city Mayor in whom executive leadership is vested to exercise executive
authority. The city manager is in charge of municipal services and is appointed by
the mayor. The city administration of Dukem has a ULGDP Coordination unit which is under the
City`s Manager Office and have five major experts namely: Infrastructure Target Expert,
Procurement Expert, AMP Unit, Revenue Enhancement Plan Expert and Environmental and
Social Safeguard Expert under Core Process of Infrastructure Development office.

Figure 5: Organizational Structure of Human Resource in Dukem

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4.2. Organization of the Team

For the preparation of this Asset Inventory, the City Service of Dukem has been established
under the CIP team. In connection with the relevant offices like Water Supply Service Office,
Infrastructure Development Business Process and Beautification Offices has been giving input to
the team. Hence the following team members are highly engaged and took the responsibility of
asset inventory, maintenance and planning.

Table 2:Members of the AMP Task Team

Name Position Assigned Qualification Contact Details

in the UIIDP Team
1 DhibaHailu Coordinator Bsc Degree in civil +2519-12-10-51-12
2 Mohammed Kaso AMP Focal Person Bsc Degree in civil +2519-09-09-58-82
eng.
3 AdamuGadisa GIS Expert +2519-24-04-45-53
eng.
4 Argaw Mekonnin Procurement Bsc Degree in civil +2519-13-97-04-43
5 Seifu Birhanu Project Engineer Bsc Degree in civil +2519-85-32-01-74
eng.
6 Nigusu REP Focal Person +2519-37-65-51-34
eng.
7 Abreham Jiregna CIP Focal Person Msc in Urb.Infrast. +2519-13-65-68-97
8 Mohammed Environmental
9 Wondimmu Moni.& Evaluation Ba Degree in
Niguse
10 Lammeessa
G/mariam Compliant handling
Economics

4.3. Responsibilities of the AMP Unit

The responsible body for asset management and planning is that of the Housing and
Infrastructure process. It is situated as a line process office under Urban Development, Housing
and Construction Service Office. Thus, it is with this process that the AMP staffs are positioned.

While the responsibility of Urban Development, Housing and Construction Service Office rely
on coordinating the planning, management and development of the asset infrastructure. The
Housing and Infrastructure Process is responsible for the asset management plan as well as an
infrastructure management system in the city administration.

The responsibilities of the AMP focal person, together with one for each additional member of
the AMP unit have the following responsibilities:

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 The annual preparation of the AMP report for the City.The following list is
specific activities that contribute to the AMP.
 Establishing and managing the AMP GIS project.
 Establishing and managing all the attribute databases associated with the GIS
project,
 Carrying out and maintaining the inventory of the City’s assets, updating this
annually.
 Carrying out a condition analysis of all assets annually
 Maintaining a record of unit rates for all assets included in the asset management
plan.
 Building and maintaining a list of normal maintenance activities for all feature
classes of assets included in the City’s AMP.
 Building a list of assets that have a maintenance deficit, and assembling this list
into a total maintenance deficit that includes all of the City’s assets.
 Building a list of assets that require rehabilitation or decommissioning.
 Working with the CIP team to develop a list of new works projects and managing
the new works projects database.
 Developing and prioritizing a list of maintenance activities for implementation.
 Managing the tracking process for new works projects from approval through
construction, and their transfer to the existing database
 Managing the tracking process for maintenance activities from approval through
construction, and their transfer to a change in the condition indicator
 Managing the recording of progress of projects and maintenance activities against
target and providing a report on performance.

4.4. The Qualifications of the AMP Focal Person

The qualifications for the AMP focal person, of the AMP unit are the following Skills required:

 A basic knowledge of surveying

 A good knowledge of project budgeting processes

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 An ability to build costing and valuation systems

 A knowledge of infrastructure – what is it; what does it do
 A knowledge of how different services deteriorate
 An understanding of how infrastructure is maintained

4.5. Definition of Infrastructure Categories and Sub-categories

The term ‘category’, as it applies to asset management that can be defined as a specific group of
assets that share a common purpose, and as such are managed together as a group. A water
supply network is more than just the water pipes in the ground. There are valves, reservoirs,
pumps, standpipes and many other components. It is all of those components together that make
up the category of assets termed ‘The Water Supply Network’. Similarly, a school can be more
than just a building; it can include a boundary wall or fence; a paved area; a toilet block; a
playing field, etc. So, the category ‘school’ has to include all of these components.

In the new version of the AMP manual; it is clearly stated that the AMP that will be prepared in
any urban centre should incorporate all of the city’s physical assets. The list of Categories and
Sub Categories that belongs to the city Asset should been defined first before full deployment of
field survey launched. Accordingly, the list of infrastructure asset Categories has been defined in
to four strategic activity areas except municipal administration buildings. The allocation of asset
categories to the four strategic activity areas is shown in table 3 below.

Table 2: Allocation of Categories of Physical Assets to the Four Strategic Activity Areas
The Movement The Water Supply Environmental Social and
Network Network Services Economic Services
Road Network Water Supply Urban drainage Abattoirs
Cycle Paths Water resources Liquid waste Fire service
Walkways Reservoir Sanitation Municipal markets
Street Lighting Valves Solid waste MSE facilities
Pedestrian Chambers Urban Greenery Schools
Walkways
Borehole Parks and play areas Health clinics
Hydrant Rivers Youth centers
Pump Wetlands Other
Natural areas

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The other important step that should be done after categorizing the infrastructure asset into four
strategic areas is defining the responsible organ (body) who manages the asset categories in the
city administration. Accordingly, the infrastructure asset categories have been categorized in to
four strategic activity areas as depicted in the table below.

Table 3: Category of Infrastructure Asset and Responsible Body in the City`s Organogram
No Categories of Responsible Body Responsible Remarks
Assets Person/Group
1 Roads Infrastructure Team Members Infrastructure Development Main
Development Main Of the process Business Process is responsible
Business Process to open new roads based on the
City’s Structure Plan; While
Design, Construction, &
Contract Administration
&Infrastructure Process is
responsible for construction,
Maintenance and Management
of the Road
2 Urban Infrastructure Team Members Responsible for construction,
Drainage Systems. Development Main of the process maintenance and management
Business Process of
the City`s
Administration
3 Street Light Infrastructure Team Members Responsible for the Installation
Development Main of the process of Streel Light
Business Process of
the City`s
4 Water Supply Administration
Bishoftu Water Team Members Both municipality and Dukem
Systems Supply Service Of the Water Supply Service Office are
Office Enterprise responsible for provision /supply
of water for the people of
Bishoftu City Administration
5 Solid and Liquid Beautification and Team Members Beautification and Green
Waste Green Development of the process Development Office
Management Office
System, Urban
6 Greenery and
Abattoir, Fire City Service and Team Members City Service and Supply Office
Fighting, and Supply Office of the process
Municipal
7 Buildings
Education Education Bureau Team Members Responsible for maintenance &
Buildings Supervision of each facilities
and buildings in their respective
sectors

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8 Health Service Health Bureau of the process Responsible for maintenance &
Buildings Supervision of each facilities
and buildings in their respective
9 MSEs and Market Each Sectorial Each Sectorial sectors
Responsible for maintenance &
Facilities Department of the Department of Supervision of each facilities
City`s the City`s and buildings in their respective
Administration Administration sectors
10 Machineries, Contract Contract Responsible for maintenance, &
Vehicles administration and administration supervision
Infrastructure and
Department Infrastructure
Department

4.6. The List of Feature Classes included in the AMP

Once the list of asset categories that are included in the city’s AMP has been defined, the next
step is to link these to the GIS system. Each feature class should be tested against the GIS
Protocol to ensure that it comprises only one of the three defined features. Thus on the wider
road a culvert might be defined as a line feature, since it is of sufficient length to give it a start
point and an end point, while on a narrow access road a culvert might be defined simply as a
point feature, since its short length does not warrant defining both a start and an end point. In this
situation, there are two options available. In this Dukem AMP; culverts have been defined as a
line or polygon feature.

Having completed the list of feature classes and tested them against the GIS Protocol, the AMP
focal person can create a summary table of feature classes, listed according to their spatial
feature, and incorporate this into the City’s AMP. An example of such a summary is shown in
the table below

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Table 4: The List of Feature Classes associated with their respective GIS feature type
Point Feature Line Feature Polygon Feature
Road furniture Asphalt road Paved area
Manhole Cobblestone road Round about
Pump Gravel/ red ash road Reservoir
Valve Compacted earth road Retention and detention ponds
Access box Cycle path Landfill site
Water meter Walkway Administrative boundary
Hydrant Retaining wall External site boundary
Public and communal toilet Drainage channel Internal boundary
Bucket collection point Pipe drainage Building and facility
Solid waste container Water pipeline network Bridge
Lighting pole and mast River channel center line Culvert
Construction plant Tunnel
Machinery Fence and boundary wall
Vehicle

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Table 5: The relationship between the operational sub-classes and their associated asset feature
class for the category road network
Operational Sub-Category Associated Feature Class
Asphalt Road Asphalt Road
Cobblestone Road Cobblestone Road
Gravel Road Gravel Road
Red Ash Road Red Ash Road
Compacted Earth Road Compacted Earth Road
Asphalt Walkway Walkway
Walkways – Other Surfaces Walkway
Roundabout at Grade Roundabout
Roundabout Elevated Roundabout
Bridge Bridge
Retaining Wall Retaining wall
Culvert Culvert
Overpass (Flyover) Overpass flyover
Pedestrian Footbridge Bridge
Traffic Signals Road furniture
All road signs Road furniture
Offices Building and facility
Workshops Building and facility
Fence Fence and boundary wall
Land External boundary
Road reserve External boundary
All construction plant Construction plant and machinery
All types of machinery Construction plant and machinery
All trucks Vehicles
All other vehicles Vehicles
4.7. Details of the Unique Identifier System used for the City’s AMP
An identifier (ID) is an alphanumeric string (a short list of characters that can include both letters
and numbers) that is attached to a single element of a feature class of asset and refers only to that
element. Because of this it is unique within a data set; hence it is termed a unique identifier.

The identifier does not contain all of the attribute data for an element; that is provided in the
database. The objective of the identifier is to be able to locate the element in both the spatial and
the tabular databases. It is also important to be able to distinguish the category and feature class
to which the element belongs. This is particularly important for linear elements, where different
services are provided in the same vicinity (e.g. a road, a water main and an electrical cable for
example).

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Both the spatial and the tabular databases will have a unique identifier automatically each time a
new record is created. This is termed an auto-ID. While this auto-ID could be used internally by
the GIS software as the main identifier for an element, using it more widely is not recommended,
since this would have a number of serious disadvantages. Firstly, the auto-ID is simply a number,
making it difficult to link, mentally, with a specific element of infrastructure. Secondly each new
database will generate a new auto-ID table, so there is an immediate duplication, i.e.; the same
element will have different auto-IDs in different databases. To overcome these constraints, it is
necessary to create a unique identifier system that is tailored specifically to meet the needs of the
asset management plan.

4.8. The Structure of the Identifier System

There is currently no single system of identifiers used for assets in Ethiopia. As a result, different
groups may already be generating identifier systems for the same assets. For example, the
Bureaus of Finance and Economic Development Use Pin Codes for asset identification. While it
would be ideal to have only one identifier system for all uses, it is also important to recognize
that an identifier system that has been created for a specific use may not be suited to another
purpose.

As a result, the manual has produced a different identifier system, designed specifically for the
Asset Management Plan. This unique identifier, which is described below, has been tested in a
number of cities and has shown itself to be robust and versatile. At the same time some minor
changes have been made to the individual components of the identifier in response to user
feedback. The unique identifier is made up of four parts and, while it has been created
specifically for asset management, it has also been designed to provide an interface with other
users of the asset infrastructure and services that are likely to use the information generated by
the asset database system. The unique identifier is made up of four parts.

Identifier Component 1: This is a 4 character, alphabetic, code that is linked to the asset
category (with the first two letters) and the feature class (with the second two letters). This
provides a quick internal referencing system for the AMP itself. A list of codes for all categories
and feature classes included in the manual is listed in table 8 below.

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Identifier Component 2: This is a 3-4 character, alphanumeric, code indicating the major
characteristic of the asset. This links the asset to its primary user, and it is for the primary user to
define this specific component of the identifier. This is something that can be done at any time.
In the interim period this component has been given the code “xxxx”.

Identifier Component 3: This is a 2 character, alphabetic code providing a local administrative

reference. It is recommended that this code be used as a unique identifier for a city, which would
have the advantage of creating unique asset identifiers across all cities producing asset
management plans. In the interim this component has been given the code CC, standing for City
Code.

Identifier Component 4: This is a numeric code with 5 digits, followed by an underscore

separator and a further 2 digits. The 5-digit code is used to provide each element with a specific
identifier, while the two-digit code allows the element to be sub-divided to provide a higher level
of detail for the condition indicator. The four parts of the identifier are each separated by
hyphens. Note that full stops and backslashes should be avoided as these are computer reserved
symbols. For instance, a route segment of road located in Bishoftu with route Id “0001” will
have a unique identifier of RN_AS_BS_0001_00

Where:

 “RN”; represents Road Network

 “AS”; represents its surface material which is Asphalt
 “BS”; represents code for Bishoftu city
 “0001”; for the route id given for that segment
 “00”; the code reserved for the route if the road element was broken down further.

4.9. The List of Codes Used for the First Block of the Identifiers
The list of codes is shown in the table in the next page, which represent the details of feature
classes with their associated codes. For instance, “RN” represent Road Network while “AS”
represent Asphalt Road. Likewise, the rest of the Asset Categories given their own specific codes

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Table 6: List of Category and Feature Class Codes

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Category Code Feature Class Cod Feature Class Cod

e e
The Road Network RN Asphalt road AS Water meter WM
The Urban Drainage UD Cobblestone road CB Hydrant HY
Network
The Street Lighting SL Gravel/ red ash GR Customer CC
Network road connection
The Water Supply Network WS Compacted earth CE Communal CS
road standpipe
Water Resources WR Walkway FP Public and PT
communal toilet
The Liquid Waste Network LW Paved area PA Bucket collection BP
point
Solid Waste Management SW Roundabout RO Landfill site LS
Sanitation SA Bridge BR Weigh bridge WB
Urban Greenery UG culvert CU Solid waste SC
container
Parks and Play Areas PA Retaining wall RW River channel center RC
line
River Systems RS Road furniture RF Tunnel TU
Wetlands WE Drainage channel DC Lighting pole and LP
mast
Nature Reserves NR Pipe drainage PD Construction plant CP
Abattoirs AR Retention and RP Machinery MA
detention ponds
Fire Service Assets FF Manhole MH Vehicle VE
Municipal Markets MM Reservoir RE Building and facility BU
MSE Facilities MS Water pipeline WN Fence and boundary FE
network wall
Schools SC Pump PU Administrative AB
boundary
Health Centers HC Valve VA External site EB
boundary
Youth Centers YC Access box AC Internal boundary IB
Municipal Buildings MB        

4.10. Establishing the GIS Operating Environment for the AMP

The spatial operating environment, which the consulting firm used for this assignment, is GIS
and Specifically Dynamic Segmentation tool from Linear Referencing extension of ArcGIS
10.4.1 software. This tool has so many advantages which are due to its versatility for data entry,

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management, updating, and analysis; and besides for water assets; the company used Network
Analyst extension of ArcGIS 10.4.1.

Linear Referencing: is the method of storing geographic locations by using relative positions
along a measured linear feature. Distance measures are used to locate events along the line. In
most data models, linear features split at intersections where they connect with two or more line
features and frequently also split where key attribute values change, such as a change in the road
name. However, users often want to record many additional attributes about the roads. This
could require that roads may split into many tiny segments at each location where attribute
values change. As an alternative, these situations can be handled as linear referencing events
along the roads as illustrated in the concept figure below:

Figure 6: Storing Multiple Sets of Attributes for a Feature performed using Linear
Referencing
Why We Use Linear Referencing?

Linear referencing is used for many reasons. The following are the two primary reasons:
 Many locations are recorded as events along linear features—for example,
locations of traffic accidents are recorded using a convention such as "27 meters
east of reference mile marker 35 along State Highway 287." Many sensors record

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conditions along linear features using measures of distance or time along the lines
—along pipelines, along roads, along streams, and so forth.
 Linear referencing is also used to associate multiple sets of attributes to portions
of linear features without requiring that underlying lines be segmented (split) each
time that attribute values change. For example, most road centerline feature
classes are segmented where three or more road segments intersect and where the
road names change

What is Dynamic Segmentation?

Dynamic segmentation is the process of computing the map locations of events stored and
managed in an event table using a linear referencing measurement system and displaying them
on a map. The term dynamic segmentation is derived from the concept that line features need not
be split (in other words, "segmented") each time an attribute value changes; you can
"dynamically" locate the segment.

Using dynamic segmentation, multiple sets of attributes can be associated with any portion of an
existing linear feature independently of where it begins or ends. These attributes can be
displayed, queried, edited, and analyzed without affecting the underlying linear feature's
geometry.

A route feature class is a line feature class that has a defined measurement system. These
measurement values can be used to locate events, assets, and conditions along its set of linear
features. In ArcGIS, the term route refers to any linear feature, such as a city street, highway,
river, or pipe that has a unique identifier and a common measurement system along each linear
feature. There are two primary data types that are used to implement linear referencing in
ArcGIS:

 Route feature classes

 Event tables

Using dynamic segmentation, events from event tables are located on line features in a route
feature class.

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Figure 7: Event Feature Map of Table of Road Asset in Dukem cityCity

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5. STEP-3: INVENTORY OF INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS

T
he Infrastructure Inventory of Dukem has been done using conducting detailed
inventory of the Assets. On the other hand, the Water Supply Network data had been
collected by printing the existing map, and updating the gap using GPS and key
informant person from water supply bureau/office. The attribute data consists of information
associated with the asset as well as key information useful for operation and maintenance. The
summary report of the infrastructure assets presented in the coming sections according to their
strategic areas in which the details are available in the annex table and further details can be
referred from the Dukem AMP Geo-database.

5.1. The Movement Network

5.1.1. Roads

According to the infrastructure asset inventory result; there is a total length of about 328.64
kilometers(This number includes the road network owned by the Ethiopian Road Authority and
Ethiopian toll roads enterprise) of road in Dukem urban boundary belongs to the city
administration,9.415kmbelongs to the Ethiopian Road Authority.12.63km belongs to Ethiopian
Toll Road Enterprise. The inventory result further revealed that Earth Surface and Asphalt Road
cover a total length of 257.04Kilometer (78.21%) followed by Cobble Road 71.6 Kilometer
(21.79%) and The total area according the structure plan boundary of the city had an area of
35.86kilometer square; of which the total area reserved for road network from the structural
plan was 2.30kilometer square with a total percentage of 6.42.see table below.

Table 8: The Extent of the City`s Road Network

Service Component Unit of Measurement Quantity

Land Area within City Boundary Km2 35.86
Equivalent(7m width) Length of Road Km 328.64
Total area within the road reserve Km2 2.30
Percentage of the city area occupied by % 6.42
the road reserve

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the infrastructure asset inventory of dukem city owned assets are further revealed that graveland
earthen Road has the maximum coverage which accounted 193.75kilometers (58.95%) followed
by Cobblestone Road which has a total length of 71.6 (21.79%) kilometers and while Asphalt
(including ERA owned) and Red Ash has a total length of 41.245kilometer (6.71%) and
41.245Kilometers (12.55%) respectively.

Table 9: Summary Information Required for the Road Asset Category

 Type of Road Primary Road Secondary Collectors & Local Total in km
in km Road in km Road in km

Asphalt Road 9.415 12.63 - 22.045

Cobble Stone 21.65 28.53 21.42 71.6
Gravel 82.16 23.63 78.25 184.04
Earthen 2.45 1.58 5.68 9.71
Red Ash 20.25 5.985 15.01 41.245
Total(km) 134.56 68.91 125.17 328.64

Figure 8: Percentage of Total Length of Road by Surface Finish

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5.1.2. Pedestrian walkways

The Infrastructure Asset Inventory result also revealed that, there is 0.15km pedestrian side walk
in the city rounding Michot Greenery surfaced with terrazzo tile.The Pedestrian surface types are
clearly depicted in table 10 below.

Table 10: Summary Information for Pedestrian Walkways

Type of Pedestrian Primary Secondary Local Road and Total(
Walkway Material Road(KM) Road(KM) Collectors Street KM)
Asphalt 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cobble Stone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Precast Paving Block 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Concrete 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Red Ash 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Terrazzo Tile 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15
Total 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.15

Figure 9: Breakdown of Pedestrian Walkways by Road Hierarchy

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5.1.3. Road Structures

Road Structures that include Bridge and Culvert are inventoried in Dukem City Infrastructure
Asset Inventory and Management Plan Project. The road crossing (Slab) structures which are
found at the junction of roads and which has a short span with no defined structural components
are also inventoried. A total of 257 road structures including ERA owned are found within the
city boundary. The city administration has a total of 255 road structures of which, 11 are culverts
with box and pipe and the remaining 244 are concrete slab crossing. The locations of this road
structures with respects to road hierarchy and the total inventory owned by the city
administration is summarized in the table below.

Table 11: Summary Information for Road Structure by Road Hierarchy

Type On Primary On On Collectors & Total in
road in No Secondary Local Road in No NO
road in No
Bridge 1 1 0 2
Culvert 4 2 5 11
Road Crossing 72 46 126 244
Total 77 49 131 257

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Figure 10: Breakdown Road structure by Road Hierarchy

5.1.4. Street Light

Street lighting is one type of public infrastructure that provides light for the resident along the
street. It has two components categorized as sodium lamp and transmission of electric power
line. Street lighting is public infrastructure that comprises: -

 Sodium lamp
 Florescent lamp
 Transmission of electric power line.
 Transformer of electric power.

The field survey conducted on street light revealed that there are about96 solarstreetlights in
Dukem city boundary.

Table 12: Distribution of Street Light Type by road classification

No Type Street light Street light on Street light on  Total Street

on Primary Secondary road Collectors & Local light in No
road in No in No Road in No

Solar Street 96 - - 96
light

Total  96   96

5.1.5. Road Furnitures

A total of 35traffic sign post and 17 Zebra Crossing are inventoried in Dukem City for various
traffic signals like allowed for Carts, Bus Stop, Campus Area, Cross Road, End, Heavy Load,
School Area, Slow Speed, Turn Right and others.

5.1.6. Road Median

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In the category of movement network about 1.3km length of road median are inventoried with in
the city boundary. In the inventory of road median, the number and type of the trees found within
the median are also inventoried.

5.2. Water Supply Network

The water supply system of Dukem city mainly comprises production of water at the
source(Boreholes),transmission of water to reservoirs ,transmission of water to distribution
centers and distribution of water to customers. The major assets being used for provision of the
water supply service includes water production and treatment plant, water lines, reservoir,
pumps, valves, chambers, water wells(boreholes), public water taps, water meters and joints. The
tabular database developed for capturing the spatial location and attributes of water supply
network asset of Dukem city are presented as follows.

The information for water supply is obtained from Dukem City Water Supply and sewerage
Authority. The authority is semi-autonomous managed by mayor of the City administration. The
office has its own record and data base, which categorize components of the water supply
according to its specific nature.

Table 13: General Detail of Water supply network

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Description Quantity (size) with unit and items

Existing (main distribution line) network 86.3km
coverage
Design Per capital consumption 80l/c/day
Metered Connection 12,505
Design Population 131,741
Current Population Served 64,209
Existing Consumption 2586m3/day
Location of pumps Condominium station
Tadecha pump station
Yatu pump station etc...
Reservoirs: Capacity: 1500m3
300 m3
300 m3
50 m3
Supply pipe Gs, DCI, UPVC,HDPE
Chemical treatment used Chlorine

Accordingly; the inventory result revealed that, the water Supply Network Asset inventory of
Dukem City revealed that the city has 86.3 kilo meter length of Distriburionineand 8 Kilo meter
Transmission line. Besides, the Water Supply office of Dukem city has a point location asset
which includes public tap (Bono) with a total count of 12, Reservoir (4), Borehole (10), Borehole
Pumps (9), Valves (4).

Table 14: Breakdown of the water supply network by feature class

SN Water Supply Category Unit Quantity

1. Water Supply Transmission Line Km 8
2. Water Supply Distribution Line Km 86.3
3. Public Stand Pipes No 7
4. Balancing Chambers No 0
5. Isolating Valves No 0
6. Air Valves No 4
7. Scour Valve No 0
8. Anti-Vacuum Valves No 0
9. Valve Chambers No 16
10. Chlorination No 1
11. Boreholes No 10
12. Pumps with sub type No 9

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13. Reservoir No 4
14. Office No 1
15. Vehicles(Toyota Pickup) No 1
16. Machinery No 0
17. Tri cycle(three wheel vehicle) No 2

The Water Supply Network Asset of Dukem City has been with detailed description of each
feature classes like pipe material, pipe diameter, reservoir material and other detailed attributes
as presented in table to follow.

Table 15: Breakdown of the water supply network by feature class

N Water supply sub-category Type Tota Length(km Width
o l No )
(Diameter)
1 Transmission Network Steel(GSP)   6”
Cast(DCI)   3.7 21/2”
uPVC
HDPE 4.3
2 Distribution Net work Steel(GSP)   6.3 4”-11/2”
Cast(DCI)   75.19 3”-11/2”
uPVC   4.81 4”-3”
Steel(GSP)    
3 Public stand pipe (water point) Concert 7    
4 Air Valve 4    
5 Source Valve and Out let (Valve 0    
room)
6 Break pressure device concrete and 0 100m-260m 6”-8”
valves
7 Valve chamber concrete and 16    
valves
8 Bore hole Deep well 10    
9 Pump Submersible 6  
Pump
Surface Pump 3  
10 Reservoirs Concrete 2   300m3&50m3
Masonry
Pioneer 2 1500m3&300m
tanker 3

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J-55

D: 80.0 mm
L: 575.79 m
P-81
J-56
J-57 J-54
To Finfinne P-84
D: 1 50.0 mmm
L: 1,315. 6 2

L: 337.93 mm
m
P-78
D: 200.0
J-53

D: 100.0 mm
L: 854.66 m
P-85
J-69
New Road To Bushoftu
P-9 8
D: 80.0 J-60 P- 83 mm
L: 813.65mm
m D: 1 00.0 3 m
L: 1,843.8
J-63 P-75

L: 355.97mm
J-51

m
P-93
D: 100.0
P-75
D: 2 50.0 mm
J-59 L: 59 7. 11 m

J-62 Zone 2 Reservoir

J-64

J-67
J-58

L: 1,550.2
D: 50.0 0 m
J-61

P-76
J-65 0
P-9 mm

mm
m
D: 50.0.48
L: 449
J-46

L: 2,045.60 m
D: 80.0 mm
J-38

L: 666.01mm
m

P-66
P-94
D: 50.0
J-66
J-68
J-52
J-47
P- 71 mm
D: 8 0.0 m
L: 882.55
J-39
J-49
Zone 1 Reservoir

J-48 J-37

J-45
J-50 J-36
J-26
J-44
P-61
D: 1 00 .0 mm J-40 P-64
D: 80.0
L: 887. 47 m L: 462.6 mm
J-25
0m
J-41
P-63
D: 150.0
L: 482.2 mm
P-55
0 mm
J-27
8m
J-35 D: 2 00. 49 m
L: 5 2.

J-34
J-24
J-42
J-23
J-43
J-28

J-33 J-29
J-12

J-22
J-30 J-21
J-11

D: 100.0 mm
L: 987.53 m
P-49
J-13

L: 1,833.99 m
D: 100.0 mm
L: 2,150.59

P-48
D: 50.0
J-14

P-47
J-20

mm
J-1

m
J-31 J-10
J-9
J-15

J-2
J-19
J-8 J-3

J-32
J-16
J-4

J-18
J-7

J-17 J-5

J-6

Figure 11: Water Supply Network Map of Dukem City

5.3. Environmental Services

5.3.1. Drainage Network

Description of drains

Definition: Drainage is public infrastructure that comprises; -

 Masonry drain
 Cobblestone drain
 Earth drains
 Concrete/steel pipe drain

Drains are only provided adjacent to roads. Those adjacent to asphalt road & cobble stone roads
are mainly open masonry channels. They are found either on one or on both sides of the road,
depending on the width of roads and the discharge of the area. Most of Drains adjacent to gravel,
red ash and earthen roads are earthen. They are to be found normally on two sides and some
other on one side of the road only. Dukem is currently converting double roads to cobble stone
road and these will have new drains in future.

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The asset inventory result revealed that there is 86.96 kilometers of drainage line along roads.
The survey result further revealed that about 45.99 Kilometer of the total drainage line is Open
Masonry Drain and the rest was covered with Earth drain and the remaining drainage types are
depicted in table below.

Table 16: Details of drains by road classification

No Type of Drain on Drain on Drain On Total

Drainage Primary Road Secondary Road Collectors and Drain in
in km in km Local Road in km
km
1 Open Masonry
12.648 9.12 24.222 45.99
Drain
2 Earthen drain 3.4 3.42 6.78 13.6
3 Cobble Stone
6.6 8.24 12.53 27.37
Lined Drain
Total 22.648 20.78 43.532 86.96

Figure 12. Details of drain by Road type in Km

5.3.2. Flood Control Structures

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There are three major flood structures in Dukem City which are found at the Boundary of the
city that are made of Earth terracing(Natural Gorge).

5.3.3. Sanitation

Definition: Sanitation is public infrastructure that comprises;

 Public toilet blocks

 Communal toilet blocks
 Vehicles etc….

Assets Information was provided that there were 10 public toilets, the waste from septic tanks is
disposed at the solid and liquid waste disposal site which is located at about 3.5 km away from
the City administration. According to head of the waste sector of the municipality, there was a
plan to construct the liquid treatment plant when the land fill was designed but not implemented
that would be the basic factor for the existing poor liquid dumping system. Lack of machineries
such as Dozer and Excavator to serve the land fill site is the other factor for the existing poorly
managed waste disposal.

Table 17: Details of sanitation facility Asset in Dukem

S No Asset of Sanitation Location Description Unit Quantity

Facilities
1 Public Toilet Distributed No No 10
Area M2 15
2 Public Toilet + Bath Distributed Block No 0
Area M2 0
3 Public Bath Distributed Block No 0
Area M2 0
4 Communal Toilet Distributed Block No 0
Area M2 0
5 Communal Kitchen Distributed Block No 0
Area M2 0
TOTAL No No 10
Area M2 15

5.3.4. Solid Waste Management

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The waste management system of the City is poor. The municipality doesn’t have area-based
storage containers, including the transporting of the containers directly to the landfill site. There
is only 1 tractor to collect and transport solid waste which generated daily and currentlt it is
unfunctional. The waste disposal system of the City is open dump system which creates serious
Environmental problems to the surrounding community.

Table 18: Details of solid waste management Facility Asset in Dukem

S No Solid Waste Management Facilities ID Unit Quantity

1 Dukem Mendello Open Space Solid DU_SW_01 m2 18,090.142
Waste Dump Site
2 Dukem Mendello Landfill site DU_SW_01 m2 45,492.05

TOTAL 63,582.192

5.3.5. Urban Greenery

Even so the importance of urban greening has given considerable recognitions in many towns
and cities, including Dukem, the inventory show that the road side median greenery and road
islands that is growing at some good rate and inventoried and assessed along with the
infrastructure assets in the former section, there are few community green areas in different parts
of the city, that are insignificant number for the city. The Municipality will strive to do more in
this regard as the inventory indicates that the development of greenery assets in Dukem is not yet
as suitable as demanded.

Table 19: Details of Urban greenery Asset in Dukem

No Name of the Asset Location Total Area

1 Community green Kebele-01 Michot Hotel 465.98 m2
2 Community green High tension greenery 1946.13 m2

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3 Community green(2 in no) Kebele 01 800m2

4 Community green Behind muluwengel church 1268.25m2
5 Community green On the road to Addis Ababa 1446.242m2
6 Community green Kera Mosque 1113m2
7 Trees on the street Along the roads 1050 in no.
8 Old Rail way greenery Old Rail way 9,038.47sq.m
9 Mendelo Greenery Dukem Mendello 4,165.9sq.m

Figure 13:sample greenery photo

5.3.6. Inventory of Parks and Play Areas
Similar to Urban greenery the importance of Parks and play grounds has given considerable
recognitions in many towns and cities, including Dukem, the inventory show that there is only
one public park in Dukem that cover 7 hectares of land, established before a year but improved,
fenced and protected in this years.Inventories show thatthere is Different playgrounds which
included main stadiumincluding football field.

Table 20: Details of Parks and Play Grounds Asset in Dukem

No Name of the Asset Location Total Area

1 City Park Kebele Tedecha 7 Hectare
2 Stadium 01 kebele 31,804.39

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Figure 14: Partial View of Dukem city park

5.3.7. Monuments
Two Statues were inventoried with a detail of their construction materials. One found Infront of
Mechot Hotel Inside michot greenery, the Second is Monument found in front of Gebriel church
on the road to Addis Ababa.

Table 21: Details of Monument Asset in Dukem

Name Monument ID Location Building Material

1 Monument 01 DU_MO_01 Michot Hotel Concrete
2 Monument 02 DU_MO_02 Addis Ababa Road Concrete

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Figure 15:Sample monuments of michot Hotel

5.4. Social and Economic Services

Under the broad category of Social and Economic Services; different buildings serve for
administration, education, health, market, other public purposes, residential houses and abattoir
facility are included. The condition assessments of the buildings further incorporate condition
and status of foundation, floor, wall and roof of each building inventoried and incorporated in the
attribute dataset of each corresponding building.

5.4.1. Administration Facilities

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The administration offices and related service buildings included in the inventory comprises of
the city administration office, sectoral offices and Kebele administration offices with their inter-
related services within the above-mentioned compounds such as stores, cafeterias and toilets.

A total of 8 administrative institutes were inventoried that are currently providing services for
Dukem City with their 41 buildings that are located at a total area of 31,989.14square meter of
built up space.

Table 22: Inventory Result Summary of Administration Facilities

S/N Asset_Category Admin_Office_Name Id No_B Area

1 Administration Office Dukem City Administration DU_AD_01 16 10,000.00

2 Administration Office Dukem Main Police Station DU_AD_02 6 2,40.57

3 Administration Office Dukem Transport Office DU_AD_03 2 5,022.11

4 Administration Office Dukem City Water & Sanitation Office DU_AD_04 5 4,971.78

5 Administration Office Dukem 01 kebele office DU_AD_05 4 898.87

6 Administration Office Dukem Koticha kebele office DU_AD_06 2 2082.46

7 Administration Office Dukem Gogecha kebele office DU_AD_07 2 3,135.40

8 Administration Office Dukem Tedecha kebele office DU_AD_08 4 3,537.95

Total 41 31,989.14

5.4.2. Educational Facilities

Dukem City Administration possess 10 educational institutes in its boundary, comprising of 7

primary schools, 2 secondary schools, ,1 TVET college. A total of 50 buildings are registered
covering a total area of 281,617.16square meter of land.

The details of each educational institute is listed under the table below and specific data about
any building within the boundary of the city can be found on the Excel spread sheet and GIS
geodatabase supplied in attachment with the report.

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Table 23: Inventory Result Summary of Educational Facilities

S/N
School_Name School_Level Id No_B Area
1 Dukem No.1 Primary school Primary School DU_ED_01 7 18,281.71
2 Dukem No.2 Primary school Primary School DU_ED_02 6 20,294.44
3 Obay School Primary School DU_ED_03 1 5,745.96
4 GogechaGimasheSchool Primary School DU_ED_04 2 3,858.48
5 Mendello School Primary School DU_ED_05 4 15,605.14
6 Tedecha School Primary School DU_ED_06 4 10,293.66
7 Koticha School Primary School DU_ED_07 5 39,169.53
8 OdaNabe Secondary School Secondary School DU_ED_08 6 62,008.28
9 Dukem Preparatory School Secondary School DU_ED_09 7 30,298.50
10 Dukem TVET School TVET DU_ED_09 10 76,061.46
TOTAL 50 281,617.1
6

5.4.3. Health Facilities

Two health centers and 1 Health post are inventoried and registered that are currently in the
service having 20 buildings and covering 32,718.26 m2 area.

Table 24: Inventory Result Summary of Health Facilities

S/N
Asset_Catagory Name Level Id No Area

1 Health Institute Dukem main Health Center Health Center DU_H_01 15 15,772.92

2 Health Institute Dukem Tedecha Health Center Health Center DU_H_02 4 14,660.50

3 Health Institute Dukem Tedecha Health post Health Post DU_H_03 1 2,284.84

TOTAL 20 32,718.26

5.4.4. Inventory of Youth Centers

In the category of Youth center, Dukem City Administration has 1 Youth center in Dukem
tedecha and Dukem Koticha Youth Center Is Under Construction. Collectively the youth centers
have 1 G+1 buildingand 1,604.39 m2 area coverage. The corresponding fence data is also
registered and mapped in the GIS Database.

Table 25: Inventory Result Summary of Youth Center

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S/N Asset_Sub_Catagory Name Id No_B Area

1 Youth Center Kebele-01 Youth Center DU_YO_01 1 1,604.39
TOTAL 1 1,604.39

5.4.5. Inventory of Municipal Markets

Regarding Market Facilities, Three Market areas were inventoried in different locations
covering 39,472.96square meters of land. new market is the largest and the main market for the
city with an area of 25,319.64square meters. Two cattle market having an area of 12,360.84
square meters, the compound open space coverage is with its perimeter fenced with Angle iron
and wire.

Table 26: Inventory Result Summary of Municipal markets

Name ID Area
Dukem Old Cattle Market DU_MK_01 3,960.84
Dukem New Cattle Market DU_MK_02 8,400.00
Kebele 01 Gulit Market DU_MK_03 274.30
Dukem New Market DU_MK_03 25,319.64
Dukem Old Market DU_MK_04 1,518.18
TOTAL 39,472.96

5.4.6. Inventory of MSE Facilities

MSE premises in the city mostly takes the shape of cluster, shades and shops distributed through
the city. A total of 328 (in no) MSE buildings were inventoried covering an area of 21,204.22
square meter of built up space.

The details of MSE premises organized in Kebele and service type is listed in the table below, as
can be seen three main concentrations of MSE facilities located in Market area.On the other hand

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from MSE facilities scattered in different locations of the city, Kebele 01 has the largest number
of buildings with 260buildings and a total area of 19,074.22 m2 of plinth area.

Table 27: Inventory Result Summary of MSE Facilities

S/N
Asset_Catagory Name Id No Area

1 MSE Facility MSE Kebele 01 Shop DU_MSE_1 225 3375

2 MSE Facility MSE Koticha Kebele Shop DU_MSE_2 4 60
3 MSE Facility MSE Tedecha Kebele Shop DU_MSE_3 38 570
4 MSE Facility MSE Gogecha Kebele Shop DU_MSE_4 20 300
5 MSE Facility MSE Kebele 01 Shade DU_MSE_5 29 5800
6 MSE Facility MSE Koticha Kebele Shade DU_MSE_6 1 200
7 MSE Facility MSE Tedecha Kebele Shade DU_MSE_7 4 800
8 MSE Facility MSE Gogecha Kebele Shade DU_MSE_8 1 200
9 MSE Facility MSE Cluster DU_MSE_9 6 9899.22
TOTAL 328 21,024.22

Figure 16: Sample Photo of MSE Cluster

5.4.7. Inventory of Housing Facilities

Inventoried Municipal housing facilities are organized in two main forms being saving houses
and Municipal Houses, again this housing facilities are organized in kebele.

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The inventory result shows that there are 563housing buildings covering 33,780.00 square meters
of built up space, this number is composed of housing buildings and their ancillary services i.e.
service quarters and toilet facilities.

Since the construction nature of the blocks, the number 563does not implies the corresponding
household in possession, rather it is the building blocks that are inventoried in this category.
Number of households’ especially in municipal housing group can share one block and in
contrast, one household can have number of buildings in its premise.

Table 28: Inventory Result Summary of Housing Facilities

S/N Asset_Catagory Name Id No Area

1 Housing Facility Municipal Housing Kebele 01 DU_HO_01 487 29,220.00

2 Housing Facility Municipal Housing Kot.Kebele DU_HO_02 0 -
3 Housing Facility Municipal Housing Ted. Kebele DU_HO_03 76 4,560.00
4 Housing Facility Municipal Housing Gog.Kebele DU_HO_04 0 -
TOTAL 563 33,780.00

5.4.8. Inventory of Abattoir Facility

One abattoir facility is inventoried; itdoes not belongs to the city administration.is under private
owners.

5.4.9. Inventory of Other Municipal Facilities

This category embraces facilities like Dukem Bus station, Firefighting Facility, Cultural center,
Museum, Municipal Garage and buildings contained in parks, Playgrounds and stadium. Totally
the category has 3buildings and 586.58m2 area coverage.

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Table 29: Inventory Result Summary of Other Municipal Facilities

S/N Asset_Catagory Name Id No_ Area

1 Stadium Dukem Main Stadium DU_OMF_02 2 16
2 Municipal Hall Dukem Meeting Hall DU_OMF_03 1 450.00
TOTAL 3 586.58

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5.4.10. Inventory of Machinery and Vehicles

Machineries and vehicles composed of different types and operations (construction machines, freight services, waste transporting,
abattoir related services, heavy public transport bus and light office vehicles) are inventoried and their capacity and operational status
are recorded. A total of 69vehicles were inventoried and the details of it are clearly depicted in table below.

Table 30: Inventory Result Summary of Vehicles and Machinery

Status
Name of Machinery Specific brand / Year of
(Functional/nonfunctional/under Purpose Plate Number
(Engineering Equipment) Mark Purchased
maintenance
EXCAVATOR KOMATSU  - Functional Construction SE-370C
LOADER XGMI  - Under maintenance Construction  SG-853111
GRADER Functional Construction  PP-16G-VI
ROLLER - - Functional Construction  -
DUMPTRUCK SINO  Functional  Construction 4-02981
DUMP TRUCK  SINO Functional Construction  4-03652
DUMP TRUCK  POWER PLUS Functional Construction  4-20512
DUMP TRUCK POWER PLUS Functional Construction 4-20513
PRADO TOYOTA 2009 Functional mayor service
AUTUMOBILE NISSAN 2009 Functional Mun.service
AUTOMOBILE NISSAN  2009 Functional ODP offfice ser.
AUTOMOBILE GELLY  Functional Office service  4-06078
AUTOMOBILE GELLY Functional Office service 4-06079
AUTOMOBILE GELLY Non Functional  Office service 4-06076
AUTOMOBILE GELLY  Functional Office service 4-06077
AUTOMOBILE GELLY Functional Office service 4-04125
PICKUP TOTOTA  Functional Office service 4-02702
PICKUP TOYOTA  2010 Functional Office service
PICKUP NISSAN  Functional Office service 4-04287

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Status
Name of Machinery Specific brand / Year of
(Functional/nonfunctional/under Purpose Plate Number
(Engineering Equipment) Mark Purchased
maintenance
PICKUP HIGER  Functional Office service 4-04122
PICKUP MAHINDRA Functional Office service 
PICKUP TOYOTA Functional Office service 4-01395
PICKUP  MAHINDRA Functional Office service
PICKUP  JINBEI Functional Office service
LAND CRUISER TOYOTA  Functional Office service 4-04121
AMBULANCE TOYOTA  Functional Ambulance 4-04123
BISHOFTU BUS   Functional Office service 
TRUCKTOR   Non Functional Solid waste 
CITY BUS BISHOFTU 2011 Functional Public service 
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER Functional
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER Functional
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER Functional
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER Functional
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER Functional
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER Functional
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER Functional
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER 2011 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER 2011 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE TIGERS 2011 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER 2011 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2011 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2011 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE APACHE 2011 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE TIGERS 2011 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE APACHE 2011 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2011 Functional
BAJAJ TAGROW 2009 Functional
BAJAJ TAGROW 2009 Functional

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Status
Name of Machinery Specific brand / Year of
(Functional/nonfunctional/under Purpose Plate Number
(Engineering Equipment) Mark Purchased
maintenance
BAJAJ TAGROW 2010 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE TIGERS 2011 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE TIGERS 2011 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional
PICKUP BISHOFTU 2012 Functional
PICKUP BISHOFTU 2012 Functional
PICKUP BISHOFTU 2012 Functional
PICKUP BISHOFTU 2012 Functional
PICKUP BISHOFTU 2012 Functional
AMBULANCE TOYOTA 2012 Functional
TRACTOR 2012 Functional
TRACTOR 2012 Functional

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6. STEP-4: ASSESS THE CONDITION OF ASSETS

A
ssessing asset condition may require benchmarking, i.e.; the development of
quality/standards profiles against which the assets can be measured. With above
ground assets, this will generally take the form of visual inspection, although in some
cases it may also involve mechanical testing. A road for example needs to have some definition
of the types of deterioration that occurs and a quantitative description of what constitutes the
different levels of deterioration. Therefore, the consultant used a five-point scale for condition
assessment.

For instance, for asphalt road, the following indicators of deteriorations are investigated on the
ground: pot holes, cracking, surface wear out, sliding and differential settlement. Accordingly, a
five-point scale can be used as one of the recommended scale as per the Asset Management
Manual prepared by the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing.

In doing so, detailed quality indicators for condition assessment of each asset infrastructure were
developed and data collection is made accordingly. Simple condition assessments for road,
drainage, walk ways, street light, traffic sign post, bridges, and culverts and over passes asset
infrastructure are described as indicated in the table below.

Table 31: Condition Indicator Table for All Roads (Asphalt, Cobble, Red Ash and Gravel Surface)
Leve Descriptio Detailed Description Type of Deterioration Indicativ
l n
e RUL
1 Very Good  Sound Structure or New None 71-100%
 Road on the original status of
construction
2 Good  Serves but minor deterioration None 46-70%
(<5%).
 Minor maintenance required.
3 Moderate  Marginal, evident deterioration If there is minor Crack, 26-45%
(6-20%). Peeling and/or Siltation
 Significant maintenance (Alluvial Formation)
required.
4 Poor  Significant deterioration of If there is Crack, Peeling, 11-25%
structure, and/or appearance; Pot Hole, Siltation (Alluvial
 Significant impairment of Formation) and Channeling

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functionality (21-50%); of20-49% of area of the road

 Retain of Water on the Surface segment
due to potholing or cracking
Intensive maintenance required.
5 Severe  Unsound and failed If there is Crack, Peeling, 0-10%
 Disintegrated Surface or Total Pot Hole, Channeling and
Collapse of the Road Structure Wash away of
(>50% of the road segment that 50% or more area of the
needs total Rehabilitation) road segment

Table 32: Condition Indicator Table for Road structures

Level Rating Condition Indicator Type of Deterioration
Scale
1 Very No defects; as new None
Good
2 Good Structurally sound and no None
serious cracking or scour
requiring attention
3 Moderat Minor maintenance required If there is minor crack in joint and
e support
If there is deposition of Sediments
or Alluvial in the Culvert
4 Poor Scour, erosion of abutments If there is erosion of Abutments and
and piers or Structural defects; or Piers;
some rehabilitation work If there are structural defects which
required needs some rehabilitation work is
needed
5 Severe Serious structural damage that Serious Structural damage which
is a safety hazard needs complete rehabilitation

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Table 33: Condition Indicator Table for Drainage Channels and Pipes
Leve Rating Scale Condition Indicator Deterioration
l
1 Very Good Shape of drain still in original design None
condition
2 Good Less than 5% of the channel length None
suffers deterioration, either on the walls
or the floor
3 Moderate Drainage effective but slightly impaired Minor Joint Damage, Minor
Between 6% and 20% of the channel Siltation Problem
length suffers deterioration, either on
the walls or the floor
4 Poor Design function impeded due to Major Joint Damage, Major
siltation, vegetation or scour Siltation Problem
Between 21% and 50% of the channel
length suffers deterioration, either on
the walls or the floor
5 Severe Drainage not functional Masonry Collapse, fully
Greater than 50% of the channel length filled with silt
suffers deterioration, either on the
walls or the floor

Table 34: Condition Indicator Table for All Building

Level Rating Scale Condition Indicator

1 Very Good Very good quality, No defects and working well

2 Good Good quality, and working well, only minor maintenance like
painting

3 Fair Some kind of pothole on the surface or cracking on the wall but can
be maintained easily

4 Poor Requires maintenance in most part of the building but no sign of

structural failure

5 Very Poor Have structural failure and cannot be maintained.

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Table 35: Condition Indicator Table for Greeneries and parks

Level Rating Scale Condition Indicator

1 Very Good Very good quality, No defects.

2 Good Good quality, and only some of the greeneries needs changing or
insignificant maintenance on fence like painting

3 Fair No real damage on the structural part and minor correction on the
greenery

4 Poor The greenery has lost its beauty

5 Very Poor The greenery no more functional and need rehabilitation

Table 36: Condition Indicator Table for Vehicles and Machinery

Level Rating Scale Condition Indicator

1 Very Good Very good quality, No defects and working well

2 Good Good quality, and working well, only servicing required

3 Fair No repeated failure and only very limited parts to be replaced or

service
4 Poor Requires frequent maintenance and service,
5 Very Poor Badly functioning and close to complete failure

6.1. Condition Assessment Results for Movement Network

The above-mentioned condition indicators were used for Asset Inventory and the results of each
category of asset are shown in the following sections.

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6.1.1. Condition Assessment Results for Roads

Condition Assessment had been done using the revised Asset Management Operational manual
of Ministry of Urban Development and Housing (MUDH) five level condition indicators and
deterioration type of each segment and area were captured. The condition assessment presented
in this document is only for the city owned assets. Accordingly, the inventory result revealed that
from the total Cobble, Gravel, Earthen, and Red Ash roads; about 0.965%, 1.364%, 14.838%,
and 0.421% of their surface area has been deteriorated respectively. The gravel road inventoried
in the city has small coverage and it has no deterioration as per the condition assessment result.

Table 37: The extent of road deterioration

No  Type Of Road (by Deterioration Area Road Area Percentage
Surface type) (m2) (m2) deteriorated

1 Cobble Stone 4,840.56 501,200.00 0.965%

2 Gravel 17,576.82 1,288,280.00 1.364%
3 Earthen road 10,085.87 67,970.00 14.838%
4 Red Ash 1,214.82 0.421%
288,715.00
 Total 33,718.07 2,146,165.00 17.588%

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Figure 17:Deterioration area of roads by surface types

The Infrastructure Asset Inventory Result of Dukem City Road further revealed that from the
total Dukem City from the total of71.6kmcobble stone road about 22.05meter is in very good
condition. On the other hand, the city has a total of 41.245kilometer of Red Ash and
9.71kilometer of Earthen Road.. The details of road surface condition assessment can be referred
from the table below.

Table 38: Road condition assessment

No Road Condition Result( Equivalent Length in KM) Total
Surfacematerial Very Good Good Moderate Poor Severe Length
1 Cobble 19.43 46.74 2.53 0.98 1.92 71.6
2 Gravel 17.87 115.54 45.34 3.08 2.21 184.04
3 Red Ash 11.23 5.73 21.91 2.375 - 41.245
4 Earthen - - 1.21 3.47 5.03 9.71
Total 306.595

Figure18 :Road Condition Assesement

6.1.2. Condition Assessment Results for Pedestrian walkways

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Condition Assessment for Pedestrian walkways has also been done for Dukem City and the
inventory condition assessment shows that from the total 0.15Km walkways; all 0.15kilometer
length are in a goodcondition . The rest of the condition assessment for pedestrian walkways are
depicted in table below.

Table 39: Condition Assessment for Pedestrian Walkway

Feature Class (Pedestrian Condition Indicators

Walkway Mat.) Total Very Good Moderate Poor Very
Length(KM) Good Poor
Terrazzo Tile 0.15 - 0.15 - - 0.00
Total 0.15 - 0.15 - - -

6.1.3. Condition Assessment for Road Structures

A total of 232 Bridges, Culverts and Slab Crossings are inventoried in with in the boundary of
Dukem City. From the main bridge found about 2 in number belongs to Ethiopian Road
Authority. The table below will discuss the condition assessment of Slab Crossings and Culverts
belongs to the city administration. From the total 11 Culverts; about 7 are in very good condition
followed by good condition.From the total 219 Culverts; about 115 are in very good condition
followed by good condition,10 in a moderate Condition and the rest in poor and very poor
condition are 15 and 2 respectively see the table below for more information.

Table 40: Road Structures Condition Assessment

Road Structure Type Number Condition Indicator
Very Good Good Moderate Poor Very Poor
Culvert 11 7 4 - - -
Concrete Slab Crossing 244 133 85 10 15 1
Total 255 140 89 10 15 1

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140

120

100

80

60

40 Culvert

20 Concrete Slab
Crossing
0
Very Good Moderate Poor Very Poor

Figure 19: Road structure Condition assesement

6.1.4. Condition Assessment of Street Light
As per the condition assessment the street light pole materials condition is presented in the below
table.

Table 41: Street Light Condition Assessment

Condition Indicators
Feature Class
Very Very
(Street Light) Total Number Good Moderate Poor
Good Poor
Steel Pole 96 81 15 - - -
Total 96 81 15 - - -

6.1.5. Condition Assesement of Road Median

As per the condition assessment the city administration has about 0.5km length under good
condition and 0.8km length of moderate condition road median.

Table 42: Road Median Condition Assessment

Condition Indicators
Feature Class
Total Very Very
(Road Median) Good Moderate Poor
Length(KM) Good Poor
Road Median 1.30 0.00 0.5 0.8 0.00 0.00
6.2. Condition Assessment for Water Supply

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Condition Assessment for Water Supply Network was also done though it is very difficult since
the water supply pipes (water supply transmission and distribution line) are buried below the
surface of the earth. Therefore, condition assessment for water supply network was done in
consultation with the professionals from water supply office of the city by considering the age of
installation and other important parameters. Accordingly, from the total 8kilometer transmission
pipe line about 6.54 kilometer are in Good condition followed by Moderate condition with a total
length of 1.46 kilometer. This condition assessment indicates that the pipelines are laid almost at
similar time. On the hand from the total Distribution line of 86.3 kilometer, about 6.3 kilometer
are in Very Good Condition followed by 71.69 kilometer in Good condition. The condition
assessment of the pipeline with different material type and the rest of Water Supply Network
Assets inventoried are depicted in the table below.

Table 43: Water Line Condition Assessment

Condition Indicator
Sr.
Water Supply Uni Diameter Very Very
No Type Quantity Good Moderate Poor
Sub Category t (mm) Good Poor
. (km) (KM) (KM)
(KM) (KM)
Steel(GSP) Km 6”-3”

Cast(DCI) Km 6” 3.0 0.70

Transmission 3.7
1
Network uPVC Km 6”-3”

HDPE Km 21/2” 3.54 0.76

4.3
Steel(GSP) Km 6.3 3”-11/2” 5.09 1.21
Distribution
2 Cast(DCI) Km 75.19 4”-3” 2.9 65.4 6.89
Net work
uPVC Km 4.81 4”-11/2” 3.4 1.2 0.21
Submersibbl
3 Borehole Pump No. 9 6”-8” 4 5
e
Valve
4 Concrete No. 16   8 6 2
Chambers
Concrete No. 12   5 7
5 Public Tab Masonry No.
Steel No.
1(Un
100m-
7 Bore Hole Deep Well No. 10 6 3 functional
360m
)
8 Reservoirs Concrete No. 2 200m3- 1 1

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Condition Indicator
Sr.
Water Supply Uni Diameter Very Very
No Type Quantity Good Moderate Poor
Sub Category t (mm) Good Poor
. (km) (KM) (KM)
(KM) (KM)
500m3
700m3-
Pioneer No. 2 1 1
1000m3

6.3. Condition Assessment for Environmental Services

6.3.1. Condition Assesement for Drainage
Condition Assessment had been done using the revised Asset Management Operational manual
of the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing (MUDH) five level condition indicators.
Accordingly, the inventory result revealed that from the total of 77.71Km Masonry drain; about
28.42km were in good condition followed by moderate accounted 0.35 kilometer the details of
each drainage type versus condition assessment are depicted in table below.

Table 44: Surface Drainage Condition Assessment

Type of Drainage Condition (km)
Total Very Good Moderat Poor Severe
Length(km Good e
)
Open Masonry 45.99 15.42 29.59 0.54 0.44 -
Cobble Stone Drain 27.37 10.6 12.4 3.5 0.6 0.27
Earth Drain 13.6 - - - 12.67 0.93
Total 89.69 26.02 41.99 4.04 13.71 1.20

Figure 20:Urban Drainage Condition Assessment

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6.3.2. Condition Assessment of Flood Control Structures

There are three major flood structures in Dukem City which have big contribution for the city
during the rainy season. As per the inventory all flood control channelsare made of earth. The
condition assessment indicates that 3.24km under poor condition. The main problem observed
were siltation and deposition of different unwanted materials throughout the channels.

6.3.3. Condition Assessment of Sanitation

As part of the liquid waste management system, among the existing public and communal toilet
facilities majority lies in poorcondition, owing to the recent construction date. However, those
serving for long period of time are deteriorated and unsanitary to serve the community.

Table 45:Condition Assessment Summary of Sanitation Facilities

Asset Total Condition

number Very Good Good Moderate Poor Very poor
(No) (No) (No) (No) (No)
Public toilets 10 6 4

6.3.4. Condition Assessment of Solid Waste Management

It is examined from physical observation that there are still wastes piled up and scattered in the
surrounding. According to the head of the Waste sector of the Municipality, the inadequate level
of the operation of the dumping site is associated with absence of proper management and lack
of necessary machineries. Coupled with absence of appropriate liquid waste disposal site that
will pose potential threat and risk of polluting the surrounding, the existing function of the waste
disposal system, in general, should be improved to standard level that would be suitable for
Dukem.

Table 76: Condition Assessment Summary of Solid Waste Management Facilities

Sub-Category No Condition Date of Construction/
Purchase
Controlled Dump Site (Land Fill) 2 Poor 2002/03

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6.3.5. Condition Assessment of Urban Greenery

The greenery assets in the city that are relatively limited in number have assessed and found to
be in good condition. It should be important to mention here that the municipality would plan
and fund for the establishment of adequate number of parks, greenery and open spaces as per the
land use plan.

Table 47: Condition Assessment Summary of Urban Greenery

N Name of the Location Total Area Year of Condition
o Asset Establishmen
t
1 Community Kebele-01 Michot 465.98 m2 2008 Very Good
green Hotel
2 Community High tension greenery 1946.13 m2 2008 Very good
green
3 Community Kebele 01 800m2 2007 Fair
green(2 in no)
4 Community Behind muluwengel 1268.25m2 2007 Fair
green church
5 Community On the road to Addis 1446.242m2 2007 Good
green Ababa
6 Community Kera Mosque 1113m2 2008 Fair
green
7 Trees on the Along the roads 1050 in no. 2008 Good
street
8 Old railway Old ailway 9,038.47sq. 2012 Very Good
Gr m
9 Mendello Dukem Mendello 4,165.9sq.m 2012 Very Good
Grenery

6.3.6. Condition Assessment of Parks and Play Areas

A parks found in the city are found in very good condition credited to their recent year of
construction. Whereas the case of playgrounds is different in which majority lies in good
condition.

Table 48: Condition Assessment Summary of Parks and Play Areas

No Name of the Location Total Area Year of Condition
Asset Establishment

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1 City Park Kebele 01, Sole 7 Hectare 2009 Very good

2 Stadium Kebele-01 31,804.39 m2 2005 Good

6.3.7. Condition Assessment of Monuments

As can be seen from the table of condition assessment of Monuments below, both monuments
found in the city are found in Very good condition due to their recent construction datae and
maintenance carried out.

Table 49: Condition Assessment Summary of Monuments

No Name of the Location Total Area Year of Condition
Asset Establishment
1 Monument 01 Michot Hotel Concrete 2008 Very good

2 Monument 02 Addis Abeba Concrete 2006 Very Good

Road

6.4. Condition Assessment of Social and Economic Services

6.4.1. Condition Assessment of Administration Facilities

Among the inventoried administrative buildings in the city 1 Blockis in poor condition where as4
are in the moderate condition,10 blocksfor very good and 25 blocks are in good condition
collectively in their 40 structures. No buildings giving administrative service to the city are in
very poor state, since this institutes are providing service with limited no of buildings their
rehabilitation is crucial.

Table 50: Condition Assessment Summary of Administration Facilities

No Kind of Facilities Qty Condition

Very Good Moderate Poor Very

Good (No) (No) (No) poor
(No) (No)
1 16 2 11 3
Dukem City Administration

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2 Dukem Main Police Station 6 1 5

3 2 2
Dukem Transport Office
4 Dukem City Water & 5 3 2
Sanitation Office
5 Dukem 01 kebele office 4 1 3
6 2
Dukem Koticha kebele office
2
7 Dukem Gogecha kebele 2 2
office
8 Dukem Tedecha kebele 4 2 1 1
office
Total 41 10 25 4 1

Figure 21: Condition Assessment of Administrational Facililities

6.4.2. Condition Assessment of Educational Facilities.

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In summary from the total of 50 education service giving buildings 20 buildings which is 40%
are found in moderate condition, 9 buildings 18% share is taken by structures in Very good and
40% are in a good conditions collectively. The remaining buildings are in poor state. The Status
of buildings in this category listed in detail in the table below, which shows building conditions
under each educational institutes.

Table 51: Condition Assessment Summary of Educational Facilities

No Kind of Facilities Qty Condition

Very Good Moderate Poor Very

Good (No) (No) (No) poor
(No) (No)
1 Dukem No1 Primary School 1 1 5
7
2 Dukem No2 Primary School 2 4
6
3 Obay School 1 1
4 GogechaGimashe School 2 2
5 Mendello School 2 1 1
4
6 Tedecha School 4
4
7 Koticha School 5
5
8 OdaNabe Secondary school 2 3 1
6
9 Dukem Preparatory School 5
5
10 Dukem TVET College 10 1 9
Total 50 9 20 20 1

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Figure 22: Condition Assessmentof Educational Facilities

6.4.3. Condition Assessment of Health Facilities
Health service buildings in the city from the total 3 health institutes holding a total 19 buildings,
6 of them are in very good condition, 8 of the buildings are in good condition, 4are in moderate
condition and only 1 buildings of the total are in poor condition

Table 52: Condition Assessment Summary of Health Facilities

No Kind of Facilities Qty Condition

Very Good Moderate Poor Very

Good (No) (No) (No) poor
(No) (No)
1 Dukem Main Health Center 15 3 7 4 1
2 Tadecha Health Center 4 4
3 Dukem Tedecha Health post 1 1
Total 20 7 8 4 1

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Figure 23:Condition Assessmentof Health Facilities

6.4.4. Condition Assessment of Youth Centers

One youth centers inventoried and assessed holding a total of One block G+1 buildings are in
Moderate condition..

Table 53: Condition Assessment Summary of Youth Center

No Kind of Facilities Qty Condition

Very Good Moderate Poor Very

Good (No) (No) (No) poor
(No) (No)
1 youth Center 1 1

6.4.5. Condition Assessment of Municipal Markets

The cattle market is found to be in Good condition given its recent construction. The other assets
in this category are the open spaces of the three market places in the city and two cattle markets
have fence constructed of Angle iron and wire which are in Poorand good conditions.

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Table 54: Condition Assessment Summary of Municipal Markets

No Kind of Facilities Qty Condition

Very Good Moderate Poor Very

Good (No) (No) (No) poor
(No) (No)
1 1
Dukem Old Cattle Market 1
2 1 1
Dukem New Cattle Market
3 1
Kebele 01 Gulit Market 1
4 1 1
Dukem New Market
5
Dukem Old Market 1 1
Total 5 2 3

6.4.6. Condition Assessment of MSE Facilities

Majority of Buildings in this category are in good state with their 255 buildings, out of the total
316 buildings 5 are in very good condition and 53 are in moderate condition. poor conditions
take up three buildings.

Table 55: Condition Assessment Summary of MSE Facilities

No Kind of Facilities Qty Condition
Very Good Moderate Poor Very
Good (No) (No) (No) poor
(No) (No)
1 MSE Kebele 01 Shop 225 6 180 39
2 MSE Koticha Kebele Shop 4 4
3 MSE Tedecha Kebele Shop 38 6 24 8
4 MSE Gogecha Kebele Shop 20 5 12 3
5 MSE Kebele 01 Shade 29 23 3 3
6 MSE Koticha Kebele Shade 1 1
7 MSE Tedecha Kebele Shade 4
4

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8 MSE Gogecha Kebele Shade 1 1

9 MSE Cluster 6 6
Total 328 17 255 53 3

Figure 24:Condition Assessmentof MSE Premises

6.4.7. Condition Assessment of Housing Facilities
Housing facilities in the city which are constructed in similar time period and construction
materials, this is reflected in their condition 105 buildings are in moderate condition and 368
houses are in poor conditions. Whereas 27 buildings share are in very poor condition and pose
risk to occupants.

Table 56: Condition Assessment Summary of Housing Facilities

No Kind of Facilities Qty Condition

Very Good Moderate Poor Very
Good (No) (No) (No) poor
(No) (No)
1 Municipal Housing Kebele 01 487 58 60 347 22
2 Municipal Housing 76 5 45 21 5
Ted.Kebele
Total 563 63 105 368 27

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Figure 25:Condition Assessmentof Housing Facilities

6.4.8. Condition Assessment of Other Municipal Facilities

Other municipal asset category condition assessment result shows that 1 building is in moderate
condition and 1 buildingis found to be good conditions.

Table 57: Condition Assessment Summary of Municipal Facilities

No Kind of Facilities Qty Condition

Very Good Moderate Poor Very

Good (No) (No) (No) poor
(No) (No)
1 Stadium 1 1
2 Municipal Hall
1 1

6.4.9. Condition Assessment of Construction Machinery and Vehicles

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Machineries and vehicles composed of different types and operations are inventoried and their
capacity and operational status are recorded. A total of 51 vehicles and construction materials
were inventoried and their conditions were also assessed and depicted in the table below.

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Table 58: Condition Assessment Summary of Construction Vehicle and Machinery

Capacity in
Name of Machinery Specific brand / Year of Plate
Status Quintal/ Horse Sector Condition
(Engineering Equipment) Mark Purchased Number
Power
EXCAVATOR KOMATSU  - Functional Construction SE-370C Dukem Municipality Good
LOADER XGMI  - Functional Construction  SG-853111 Dukem Municipality Good
GRADER Functional Construction  PP-16G-VI Dukem Municipality Good
ROLLER - - Functional Construction  - Dukem Municipality Good
DUMPTRUCK SINO  Functional  Construction 4-02981 Dukem Municipality Good
DUMP TRUCK  SINO Functional Construction  4-03652 Dukem Municipality Good
DUMP TRUCK  POWER PLUS Functional Construction  4-20512 Dukem Municipality Good
DUMP TRUCK POWER PLUS Non Functional Construction 4-20513 Dukem Municipality Good
PRADO TOYOTA 2009 Functional mayor service Dukem Municipality Good
AUTUMOBILE NISSAN 2009 Functional Mun.service Dukem Municipality Good
AUTOMOBILE NISSAN  2009 Functional ODP offfice ser. Dukem Municipality Good
AUTOMOBILE GELLY  Functional Office service  4-06078 Dukem Municipality Good
AUTOMOBILE GELLY Functional Office service 4-06079 Dukem Municipality Good
AUTOMOBILE GELLY Functional  Office service 4-06076 Dukem Municipality Good
AUTOMOBILE GELLY  Functional Office service 4-06077 Dukem Municipality Good
AUTOMOBILE GELLY Functional Office service 4-04125 Dukem Municipality Good
PICKUP TOTOTA  Functional Office service 4-02702 Dukem Municipality Good
PICKUP TOYOTA  2010 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Good
PICKUP NISSAN  Functional Office service 4-04287 Dukem Municipality Good
PICKUP HIGER  Functional Office service 4-04122 Dukem Municipality Moderate
PICKUP MAHINDRA Functional Office service  Dukem Municipality Good
PICKUP TOYOTA Functional Office service 4-01395 Dukem Municipality Good
PICKUP  MAHINDRA Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Moderate
PICKUP  JINBEI Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Moderate
LAND CRUISER BISHOFTU  Functional Office service 4-04121 Dukem Municipality Good
AMBULANCE TOYOTA  Functional Ambulance 4-04123 Dukem Municipality Good
BISHOFTU BUS   Functional Office service  Dukem Municipality Good

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Capacity in
Name of Machinery Specific brand / Year of Plate
Status Quintal/ Horse Sector Condition
(Engineering Equipment) Mark Purchased Number
Power
TRUCKTOR   Non-Functional Solid waste  Dukem Municipality poor
CITY BUS BISHOFTU 2011 Functional Public service  Dukem Municipality Good
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER Functional Office service  Dukem Municipality Good
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Good
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER Functional  Office service Dukem Municipality Good
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Good
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Good
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Good
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Good
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER 2011 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER 2011 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE TIGERS 2011 Functional Office service  Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE TIGER 2011 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2011 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2011 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE APACHE 2011 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE TIGERS 2011 Functional Office service  Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE APACHE 2011 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2011 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
BAJAJ TAGROW 2009 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Good
BAJAJ TAGROW 2009 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Good
BAJAJ TAGROW 2010 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Good
MOTORBICYCLE TIGERS 2011 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE TIGERS 2011 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good

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Capacity in
Name of Machinery Specific brand / Year of Plate
Status Quintal/ Horse Sector Condition
(Engineering Equipment) Mark Purchased Number
Power
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
MOTORBICYCLE PULSAR 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
PICK UP BISHOFTU 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
PICK UP BISHOFTU 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
PICK UP BISHOFTU 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
PICK UP BISHOFTU 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
PICK UP BISHOFTU 2012 Functional Office service Dukem Municipality Very Good
AMBULANCE TOTOTA 2012 Functional Ambulance Dukem Municipality Very Good
TRACTOR METEC 2012 Functional Sanitation Dukem Municipality Very Good
TRACTOR METEC 2012 Functional Sanitation Dukem Municipality Very Good

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7. STEP-5: DEVELOP A MAINTENANCE BUDGET GUIDE

FOR EACH ASSET
7.1. Introduction

E
stablishing modern and sustainable maintenance management program will enable the
city to use its core infrastructure assets and other facilities sustainably; while providing
improved service and widening economic opportunities at the same time.

Thus, preparation of maintenance budget guide based on the condition of existing asset base will
enable the city to allocate adequate fund to meet the deferred maintenance needs that have been
pushed off from the past years. It also helps to retain assets that are found in status of good
condition. Eventually, the maintenance budget guide is expected to be a maintenance Type and
Maintenance Activities

Overview of the existing maintenance approach of the municipality revealed that maintenance
practice of the municipality has been challenged by inadequate funding and inconsistence. The
basic factors for such challenges would be associated with absence of frequent or/and seasonal
condition inspection, limited resource availability, poor attitude to maintenance and the absence
of maintenance data management system. These in turn make it difficult to identify and
determine what is actually needed.

Obviously, inadequate maintenance of assets would eventually result in falling of assets below
acceptable standards or service levels that progressively shorten lifespan of core infrastructure
assets that are too costly to replace. More harshly, as maintenance is delayed, the cost for repairs,
rehabilitation etc. increases exponentially and will need relatively big investment in
maintenance.

Establishing and implementing long-term maintenance strategy is therefore needed in order to

alleviate the practice of inadequate maintenance which is commonly caused by negligence,
attitude of overlooking maintenance and lack of finance. As the result, preparation of
maintenance plan of the existing asset with the intent of preserving, restoring and renewing good
performing asset and replacing the deteriorated assets can serve as point of departure from
traditional approach to pile in to sustainable maintenance management system.

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In this regard, the maintenance need of all the city assets including the movement network assets,
the water supply network, the environmental strategic area, social and economic service
buildings and facilities as well as supporting services are identified on the basis of condition
assessments. Accordingly, maintenance types and condition based specific maintenance
activities are identified. In addition, the baseline maintenance rates have also been established to
estimate and allocate maintenance budget need to address the maintenance demand. The
maintenance activities are developed by reviewing several relevant sources including the
recently revised AMP Manual, the experience of ERA particularly ERCC, AACRA and Rural
Road Construction Enterprises, the city itself and peer cities and recognized international
literatures prepared for developing countries.

On the other hand, in the absence of recent actual maintenance data in the municipality and
recent standard road maintenance unit costs at country or regional level by relevant institutions,
(for example ERA and Road fund) as baseline and/or lack of parameters to set new rate,
establishing maintenance unit rate is indeed remaining the challenging task.

Within all the challenges to estimate reasonable maintenance rate, for it is one of fundamental
issue in maintenance planning and funding, much has been done to collect supporting
documentation, including maintenance reports of various peer cities, cognizing the variations of
labor and material costs and other factors among the cities. Eventually reasonable maintenance
rate has developed as a base line based on the aforementioned sources.

The maintenance to be implemented in this case, as per the AMP manual is categorized mainly
in two types. The first is normal maintenance that can be preventive, routine and periodic and
should be execute with the goal to retain and preserve ‘good’ performing assets or assets found
to be in state of good conditions. It would be noted that the condition level to be maintained by
routine and periodic maintenance will also include the assets found in state of very good
condition in the case of water supply networks. The ultimate goal of normal maintenance
activities to be implemented through routine and periodic maintenance is eventually to prevent
failure and deterioration. The second type of maintenance that is the main concern of the study
and the preparation of this budget guide is to restore assets found in state of different
deterioration level to bring back to the desired and targeted good condition level. This form of

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maintenance is basically targeted to eliminate the deferred maintenance, backlog and deficit
accumulated over the years.

Most of the proposed maintenance activities are directly adapted from the recently revised AMP
manual (as JUNE 2016, FINAL VERSION). In addition to the manual as explained above, for it
is compressive and indicative, attempt has made to assess and include a range of maintenance
activities, as referred below, from various sources. The relevancy of additional maintenance
measures recommended from other sources has been reviewed against the overall frameworks of
maintenance measures provided in the AMP manual, local practices and institutional and the
maintenance industry capacity. It is to mean that for the case of adopted maintenance
experiences from international literatures consideration has been given to ensure the relevancy
and applicability against the implementation capacity of the city and other local factors, such as
the need for materials, machineries, professionals and labor, affordability and socioeconomic
benefits, such as creating labor-based maintenance strategy.

7.2. Determining the Maintenance Types

The maintenance approaches that should be exercised, as per the AMP manual, are mainly two
types. The first is normal maintenance measure that can be preventive, routine and periodic and
should be act upon with the goal to retain and preserve ‘good’ performing assets.

The second type of maintenance that is the center of the preparation of this maintenance budget
guide is to address the accumulated maintenance gap and restore the deteriorated assets to bring
to the desired good condition level. It is entirely targeted to eliminate the maintenance backlog
and deficits accumulated over the years.

Correspondingly Maintenance expenditure is therefore estimated for both routine and periodic
maintenance and to eliminate accumulated maintenance backlogs.

In addition, attempt, has made to identify and address rehabilitation, renewal and replacement
requirement of the assets, which are reported severely deteriorated to return their service
potential to condition level it had originally had. Along with estimating the maintenance budget
need, the possible maintenance activities are identified almost for all of the assets included in the
inventory and condition assessments. Most of the proposed maintenance activities are directly

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adapted from the revised AMP manual. In addition, because the manual is not expected to be
exhaustive to provide the entire possible maintenance activities attempt has made to review other
relevant sources including local experiences and literatures.

7.3. Maintenance Rate

The baseline maintenance unit rate can be estimated based on different sources and techniques.
Historical maintenance cost data of the municipality, current tender values and experiences of
similar projects could be the good source to set initial or baseline maintenance rate. The absence
of keeping records of historical maintenance data in the municipality is the major challenge that
would be the best source of data to estimate maintenance rate. Historical data is a good source
since it reflects local circumstances, labor and material cost, skill and availability of construction
industry in the surrounding.

On the other hand, there is no recent and updated standard maintenance base line rate at national
or regional level to accustomed and adjust to local condition. The road maintenance base unit
rate prepared by ERA as baseline has not been revised in the last decade.

Cognizing the current challenges and the need to set at least initial base rate supposing the
municipality can adjust and fine-tune through its own practical experiences, various efforts have
been made to gather information from different sources, including the ERCC projects.

Finally the initial maintenance base rate is established and applied in the study based on the
following different sources.

1. The city existing AMP and CIP documents are reviewed,

2. Maintenance rate set by other cities including Addis Ababa is reviewed,

3. Maintenance rate employed by ERCC for Asphalt roads, gravel roads and culvert
employed in 2007 E.C is reviewed,

4. The existing gravel road maintenance rates utilized by Rural Road Authority is
reviewed,

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5. Maintenance unit rate applied for some of road infrastructures by Road Authority
of Addis Ababa City (AACRA) that has been employed in the preparation of
AMP of Addis Ababa (2014 E.C.) is reviewed,

6. Maintenance rate of water supply network assets is set by fixed percentage of the
investment and replacement cost based on age and remaining useful life of the
water assets. This is a common practice by Addis Ababa Water Supply and
Sewerage Authority (WASSA) and recommended by AMP manual.

7. In similar manner internationally recognized industrial standard method of

building maintenance that is fixed percentage of replacement cost or investment
to estimate the annual maintenance budget of building is applied for different
condition levels of social, economic and administrative buildings. The same is
applied for other urban facilities, machineries, and vehicles.

The table below presents maintenance rates of some of road network assets applied by ERRC in
2007 E.C for quick reference and comparison. Threshold to lay down a ground to embark on
sustainable maintenance management system.Finally, maintenance unit rates are proposed based
on the above sources considering local condition, such as material availability and the relative
cost of local labor. The rate are utilized to estimate the maintenance budget in this study and the
municipality should apply the proposed maintenance rate as base rate and, eventually should
fine-tune based on recording the actual maintenance cost from ongoing and future maintenance
projects.some items do not listed in the table is taken from nearby cities rate.

Table 59: Maintenance and Rehabilitation Rate (Br/m2) for Movement and Environmental
Network

No Feature Class Unit of Good Moderat Poor Rehabilitatio

Measuremen (Br) e (Br) n
t (Br) (Br)
1 Asphalt roads m2 97 193 323 2,500
2 Cobblestone roads m2 60 130 210 500
3 Gravel roads m2 20 90 150 250
4 Red ash Road m2 15 20 55 210
5 Compacted Earth m2 10 15 18 40

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roads
6 Pedestrian side m2 4.50 42.06 96 179
walk terrazzo
7 Pedestrian Red Ash m2 16 32 40 100
8 Culverts No 2000 8000 30000 60000
9 Open masonry Ml 61 138 215 1,380
drainage
10 Earthen Drain Ml 10 25 50 120

11 Closed Concrete Ml 95 215 393 2,153

line Drainage
12 Cobble stone Ml 77 160 230 300
drainage

Table 60: Maintenance and Rehabilitation Rate for the Water Supply Network-(above ground
assets)

No Feature Class Unit Maintenance Rate

1 Boreholes/ Deep Well no 1 % of RC

2 Water treatment plant no 1 % of RC
3 Collection chambers no 0.5 % of RC
4 Reservoir no 0.5 % of RC
5 Chlorinator no 1% of RC
6 Pump no 2 % of RC
7 Valve chamber no 2 % of RC
8 Communal standpipe no 1 % of RC
9 Hydrants no 0.5 % of RC

Table 61: Maintenance and Rehabilitation Rate for Water Supply Network-(below ground assets)

No Feature Class Very Goo Moderate Poor Rehabilitation

Good d
1 Indicative RUL for 71 - 100 46- 26-45 %11-25 0-10 %
condition % 70 % %
2 Distribution Line 0.1 % of 2 % 5 % of 10 % 100 % RC
RC of RC of RC
RC
3 Transmission Line 0.1 % of 2 % 5 % of 10 % 100 % RC

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RC of RC of RC
4RC
4 Bono Laterals 0.1 % of 2 % 5 % of 10 % 100 % RC
RC of RC of RC
RC

Table 62: Maintenance Rate for Environmental and other Strategic Activity Area
No Feature Class Good (as % of Moderate (as % of Poor (as % of RC)
RC) RC)
1 Public and 0.5 % 2% 3%
communal toilet
2 Landfill site 0.5 % 2% 3%
3 Urban Greenery 0.5 % 2% 3%
4 Parks and 0.5 % 2% 3%
Playground areas
5 Sport Fields 0.5 % 2% 3%

Table 63 : Maintenance Rate for Social and Economic Strategic Activity Area and Supporting
Services
No Feature Class Good (as % Moderate (as % of Poor (as % of
of RC) RC) RC)
1 Buildings and 0.5 % 2% 3%
Facilities

2 Fence 0.5 % 2% 3%
3 Machineries 0.5 % 2% 3%
4 Vehicles 0.5 % 2% 3%

7.4. Maintenance and Rehabilitation of the Assets

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7.4.1. Routine and periodic maintenance activities for Movement networks

7.4.1.1. Road Surfaces

Normal maintenance measures of routine and periodic maintenance should carry out for road and
related infrastructure network assets found in state of good condition. The ultimate target of
normal maintenance measures is to preserve the existing good performing assets at that desired
condition level to ensure their optimal functionality over the life cycle. Cognizing that most of
the maintenance activities at this condition level are routine and periodic, the following are the
proposed generic normal maintenance measures for most of the movement network assets.

Cobble Stone Road Surfaces

Pavement preservation is the primary maintenance function of paved roads. Preventing water
from penetrating the base material is so a major objective as longevity of the pavement structure
is dependent on this. Thus routine and periodic cleaning of the road free of rubbish and debris
and ensuring water can flow freely off the road surface will be the basic normal maintenance
activities for asphalt and cobble stone paved roads.

Gravel and Red Ash Road

Spot repair by selected materials and ensuring that water can flow freely off the road surface and
brushing and ditching will be the major normal maintenance activities to retain the gravel and
red ash road found in good condition. Similarly keeping the earth pressed road from over flow of
water and routine and periodic minor grading and compaction will be in place to preserve the
good condition of earthen road.

Normal Maintenance Forecast for Road Surfacing

The existing road surfacing, excluding earthen road needs an estimated Birr 36.4 Million for
routine and periodic maintenance. As mentioned earlier there is no any provision how to estimate
the maintenance requirement for good performing road infrastructure assets in the revised
manual. Thus estimate of maintenance requirement for routine and periodic maintenance of
movement network assets and drainage networks is therefore computed based on the previous
manual that is taking into consideration two percent of the road that is in good condition. The

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need for routine and periodic maintenance of each movement network assets is presented in the
table below.

Table 64: Routine and Periodic Maintenance Budget for the Road Surfacing

Feature Class Conditio Unit Area to be Unit Estimated Maintenance

n Maintained Rate Budget (Br)
(Br)
Cobblestone Good m2 327,180.00 60
19.630.800,00
Road
Gravel Road Good m2 808,780.00 20 16.175.600,00
Earthen Road Good m2 10
-
2
Red Ash Good m 40,110.00 15 601,650.00
Sub Total 36.408.050,00

Chart Title
Red Ash
1%

Gravel Road
44%
Cobblestone Road
55%

Figure 26:Routine and periodic maintenance budget for road surface.

7.4.1.2. Pedestrian Sidewalk

Walkways that are found in state of good condition can be retained with similar maintenance
activities of the same road surfaces. Based on the condition assessment, the existing good
performing pedestrian sidewalk roads are can be retained by an estimated Birr 12,618.00.

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Table 65: Routine and Periodic Maintenance Budget for the Pedestrian sidewalk

Feature Conditio Unit Area to be Unit Rate Estimated Maintenance

Class n Maintained (Br) Budget (Br)
2
Terrazzo Good m 300 42.06 12,618.00
Tile
Sub Total 12,618.00

7.4.1.3. Road Structures

The intention of routine and periodic maintenance of culverts is to maintain the structures in
sound condition and safe for traffic. Thus, culverts in good condition can be preserved by minor
maintenance activities such as clearing, cleaning, and erosion control measures. In order to
function properly, a culvert must retain the full opening over its complete length. In addition, the
upstream approaches and the downstream area must be free of any obstructions. And also the
maintenance of road slab crossing is aiming to facilitate the traffic and drainage system too.

The overall objective of bridge maintenance is to keep the structures in sound condition and safe
for traffic. In this respect where a bridge spans a watercourse, the water must flow freely at all
flood levels without damaging the bridge or the waterway. In addition, repair of loose/missing
connectors and fixings and painting are the basic normal and minor maintenance measures to be
carried out for bridges rated as state of good conditions. In total, 4 culverts and 85 road slab
crossing that are found in good condition could be prevented at minimum annual outlays of Birr
91,000.00.See the table below.

Table 66: Routine and Periodic Maintenance Budget for road structure

Feature Class Conditio Numbe Rate Estimated Maintenance Budget (Br)

n r

Culvert Good 4 1500 6,000

Concrete slab Good 85 1000 85,000

crossing

Sub Total 81 91,000

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7.4.1.4. Street Light

Street lighting maintenance should be carried out using an approach whereby there are programs
at two levels: Preventative and Corrective and forced. Preventative maintenance of street lighting
comprises scheduled inspection and maintenance activity of road patrol, bulk lamp replacement
and pole inspection. The maintenance budget has been estimated by considering the replacement
cost of the bulb, the salary of the at least two people, rental of cherry picker and rental of truck.

The city Solar street light networks constituted by 96 street light poles have been inspected.
Taking the preventive maintenance activities; road patrol, bulk lamp replacement and pole
inspection of different types, it is proposed that a minimum of Birr 37,500.00will be needed to
make them functional.

Table 67: Routine and Periodic Maintenance Budget for Street light

Item Unit of Condition Quantity Unit Cost (EB)

Measur Rate (EB)
e
Street light No. Good 15 2500 37,500.00

Sub-Total       37,500.00

7.4.1.5. Road Furniture and Road Median

Based on the data inventory 35installed traffic signs 17 Zebra Crossing and 0.5km of Road
median made of concrete are found in the city. The primary objectives of maintenance activity of
road signs are to keep road signs visible and legible. Signs need to be readable by road users as
they pass at a distance and at speeds appropriate to the type of road. Signs are inspected for
safety and in response to reports from the public. Work will be undertaken to keep signs legible
and to repair signs that have been damaged and become unsafe. Priority shall be given to
mandatory and warning signs on higher category high-speed roads. Hence, maintenance budget
is estimated as Birr 52,548.64 to keep them visible and legible. Maintenance Deficit of the
Movement Network Assets

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7.5. Budget Estimate to Eliminate Maintenance Deficit of the

Movement Network Assets
Based on the proposed maintenance activities and rates provided for each condition level the
maintenance deficit of Movement Network assets, mainly including road surfacing, pedestrian
walkways, bridges and culverts, street light and traffic sign posts, in total is estimated Birr
77.285Million. The deficit of road surfacing constitutes 99% of the movement network and the
forecasted budget of the strategic activity area. The subsequent Tables present the estimated
budget to address the deficit of each movement network assets.

7.5.1. Maintenance Deficit of Road Surfacing

The condition assessment result exhibited that some of the Movement Network assets found in
different deterioration condition in addition to small size of severely deteriorated assets. Below is
the brief description of the proposed maintenance activities to eliminate the different deteriorated
conditions of the Movement Network assets to restore and bring back to the target and desired
condition level. As mentioned in the overview of exiting maintenance approaches the
municipality as of other cities, lacked effective and sustainable maintenance approach that would
be correlated and emanated from inefficient infrastructure management system and contributed
to the deteriorated state of some size of movement network assets. Below are the proposed
maintenance activities to eliminate the different deteriorated state of the Movement Network
assets.

Table 68: Proposed Maintenance Activities for Deteriorated Asphalt Road

Deterioration Maintenance Measures and Methods
Type
Cracking Cut out asphalt to 30cm on either side of the crack. Grade and compact the
base. Cold mix asphalt treatment, double or triple mix as required.
Surface peeling Cut out asphalt to a bounding rectangle in undamaged asphalt, with a
minimum size of 1m*1m. Grade and compact the base. Cold mix asphalt
treatment, double or triple mix as required.
Potholes Cut out asphalt to a bounding rectangle in undamaged asphalt, with a
minimum size of 2m*2m. Excavate base and sub-base material to sub-
grade. Grade and compact the new sub-base and base. Cold mix asphalt
treatment, double or triple mix as required.
Larger areas of deterioration; It may require a hot-mix asphalt layer

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Table 69: Proposed Maintenance Activities for Deteriorated Cobblestone Road

Deterioration type Maintenance measures and methods
Lifting of Lift out cobblestone in demarcated area. Clean the bed. Lay down a
cobblestones layer of clean, graded sand and compact. Lay new cobblestones

Surface depression Lift out the cobblestone in demarcated area. Clean the bed. Add sub-
base material and compact. Lay sand bed and compact. Lay new
cobblestones.
Failure of Lift out the cobblestone in demarcated area. Clean the bed. Add sub-
Cobblestone base material if required and compact. Lay sand bed and compact. Lay
edging new cobblestones.

Table 70: Proposed Maintenance Activities for Deteriorated Red Ash and gravelRoads
Deterioration type Maintenance measures and methods
Channelling For channels, less than 20cm wide clean out channel, fill with graded
material and compact by hand
Potholes Clean out depression, fill with graded material and compact by machine
Wash-away For channels, greater than 30cm wide clean out channel, fill with graded
material and compact by machine

Table 71: Proposed Maintenance Activities for Deteriorated Earthen Roads

Deterioration Type Maintenance Measures and Methods
Surface depression/ Clean out depression, fill with clean, sieved material and
potholes compact
Channelling/wash-away All sizes of channel, fill with clean, sieved material and
compact
surface depression/ Clean out depression. fill with clean, sieved material and
potholes compact

The total maintenance backlog for all road surfaces is estimated to be about Birr 61.96 Million.
The detailed analysis is presented in the GIS and alternatively in Microsoft Excel. The highest
deficit is observed in gravel road asset, which constitutes about 89.42% of the total maintenance
deficit in road surfacing sub-category.

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Table 72: Maintenance Deficit of Road Surfacing

Feature Class Maintenance Activity Level of Unit Quantity to Unit Estimated
deterioration be Rate Maintenance
Maintained (Br) Budget (Br)
Cobble Stone Lifting of Cobble Stone
Depression
Cobble Edge Failure Moderate m2 17710 130.00 2,302,300.00
Siltation
Earth Channeling
Pressed Depression
Wash Away Moderate m2 8470 15.00 127,050.00
Non Compaction
Gravel Depression
Channeling Moderate m2 317380 90.00 28,564,200.00
Wash Away
Red Ash Depression
Road Wash Away
Channeling Moderate m2 153370 20.00 3,067,400.00
Non Compaction
34,060,950.00
Cobble Stone Lifting of Cobble Stone
Depression
Cobble Edge Failure Poor m2 6860 210.00 1.440.600,00
Siltation
Earth Channeling
Pressed Depression Poor m2 24290 18 437.220,00
Wash Away
Non Compaction
Gravel Depression
Channeling
Wash Away Poor m2 21560 150.00 3.234.000,00
Non Compaction
Red Ash Depression
Road Wash Away
Channeling Poor m2 16625 55.00 914.375,00
Non Compaction

6.026.195,00
Total 4
Maintenance 0,087,145.00

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Figure 27:Proportion of Maintenance Deficit of Road Surfacing

The municipality will need proper maintenance plan and analyzing alternative feasible option
before financing such relatively big maintenance deficit of red ash road. In this regard, it would
be important to consider upgrading options before investing in maintenance of big funds for
gravel road.

7.5.2. Maintenance Deficit of Pedestrian walkways

The size of the pedestrian sidewalk owned by the municipality is relatively Very small in Dukem
city. The terrazzo walkway can be maintained by similar maintenance measures, the budget
estimated to maintain Walkway of different surface material with respect to the maintenance
activity is only for routine and periocid maintenance.

7.5.3. Maintenance Deficit Road Structures

Maintenance activities for deteriorated road structures should vary based on the types and
materials of the structures itself and deterioration and damages identified. Maintenance of
deteriorated bridges should vary based on the types and materials of the bridge and the extent
and types of defects and damages. Most commonly, the bridge maintenance comprises the
following:

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 Replacing wearing surface, crack seal surface, pave full width, seal joint
between edge of paving and face of wall,
 Pointing masonry, repair barriers, safety features, slab maintenance, replace
walls, saw cut around deterioration, patch with concrete,
 Patch delaminating replaces deck and floor beam/ column, etc.

Table 73: Maintenance Deficit of Road Structure

Feature Class Maintenance Activity Level of Uni Quantity Unit Rate Estimated
deterioration t to be (Br) Maintenance
Maintaine Budget (Br)
d
Concrete Slab Failure
Slab Siltation
Crossing Cracking Moderate No 10 8,000.00 80,000.00
Surface Peeling
Depression
10 80,000.00
Concrete Slab Failure
Slab Siltation
Crossing Cracking Poor No 15 30,000.0 450,000.00
Surface Peeling 0
Depression
15 450,000.00
Total 25 530,000.00
Maintenance

7.5.4. Maintenance Deficit Road Furnitures

There is a total of 0.8km of road median is found in a moderate condition in dukem city. Hence,
maintenance budget is estimated as Birr 75,000.00 to keep them visible and legible.

7.5.5. Maintenance Summary of Movement Network

The table below shows the maintenance summary of movement network

Table 74: Maintenance summary of Movement Network

S.no Strategic Activity Area and Routine and Eliminating Total
Feature Class Periodic Maintenance Maintenance
Maintenance (Birr) Deficit (Birr) Need (Birr)
I. The Movement Network Assets
1 Road Network 36.408.050,00 40,087,145.00 76,495,195.00
2 Pedestrian Walk ways 12,618.00 0.00 12,618.00

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3 Road Structures 83,000.00 530,000.00 613000,00

4 Others (Street Light + 90,048.64 75,000.00 165048,00
Traffic Sign+Road Median)
Total 36.593.716,64 40.692.145,00 77,285,861.64

Figure 28: Proportion of Maintenance Need of Movement Network Assets

7.6. Rehabilitation of the Movement Network Assets

7.6.1. Rehabilitation of Road surfaces
Again, the major share of rehabilitation is found in gravel road; as 5.03 km of equivalent length
of earthen road is in need of urgent rehabilitation work. In general, including all road-surfacing
materials it is proposed that about Birr 11,995,900.00 would be allocated to rehabilitate as high
as 64,120.00 square meters of severely deteriorated roads.

Table 758: Rehabilitation Requirement of Movement Network Assets-Road

Feature Maintenance Level of Unit Quantity to be Unit Estimated
Class Activity deterioratio Maintained Rate Maintenance
n (Br) Budget (Br)
Cobble Lifting of Cobble
Stone Stone
Depression Very Poor m2 13,440.00 500.00 6,720,000.00
Cobble Edge
Failure

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Earth
Pressed Channeling
Depression Very Poor m2 35,210.00 40.00 1,408,400.00
Wash Away
Non Compaction

Gravel
Depression
Channeling Very Poor m2 15,470.00 250.00 3,867,500.00
Wash Away
64,120.00 11,995,900.00

7.6.2. Rehabilitation of Road Structures

Road structures are the main important structures in dealing with transport system and drainage
facilitation. Hence, these structures should be maintained and preserved in good condition. Those
bridges and culverts, which are deteriorated severely, are identified and needs an estimated
rehabilitation or replacement cost of Birr 60,000.00.

Table 76: Rehabilitation Requirement of Movement Network Assets-Road Structures

Feature Class Maintenance Level of Uni Quantity Unit Estimated
Activity deterioratio t to be Rate Maintenanc
n Maintaine (Br) e Budget
d (Br)
Concrete slab Slab Failure
crossing Siltation Very Poor No 1 60,00 60,000.00
Crack 0
TOTAL 60,000.00

The table below presents the rehabiltation summary of the movement network

Table 77: Rehabilitation summary of Movement Network

S.no Strategic Activity Area and Total Rehabilitation Need

Feature Class (Birr)

1 Road Network 11,995,900.00

2 Pedestrian Walk ways 0.00
3 Road Structures 60,000.00

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4 Others (Street Light + 0.00

Traffic Sign+Road Median)
Total 12,055,900.00

Chart Title
14000000

12000000

10000000

8000000

6000000

4000000

2000000

0
Road Network Pedestrian Walk ways Road Structures Others (Street Light +

Figure 29: Proportion of Rehabilitation Need of Movement Network Assets

7.7. Maintaining Water Supply Network

The AMP manual suggests that due to the emergency and immediate re-active maintenance
needs of breakages and leakages; the water system assets will not need routine and periodic
maintenance. The manual further suggests that due to high level of non-predictability of
estimating maintenance costs for water system assets, the proposed maintenance budget below
can only be indicative budget. The maintenance forecast to secure the budget is estimated by two
different ways. The first is for the above ground assets computed based on the fixed percentage
of replacement costs without any condition indicator.

Whereas, below ground water supply network assets, that are water pipe lines need relatively
larger fund to retain the very good and good condition and maintain and repair moderate and
poor condition assets. The determination of the condition level of the water line is challenging
because they are below ground. But the accepted and widely employed method is to predict the
condition of pipelines based on their age against the pre-determined physical and economical

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useful life. The budget estimate needed to repair and replacements for these water lines is
therefore associated with the indicative remaining useful life of the pipe lines. The indicative
remaining useful life is thus the base to assign maintenance rate that is the fixed percentage of
the replacement cost of the assets under consideration.

Proposed Maintenance Activities for Water Supply Network Assets

Deep wheels

Clean, well head maintenance, draws down monitoring (and rehabilitation if old enough to serve
properly and significant damages are inspected),

Pumps

Preventing & emergency maintenance of electromechanical components strip, clean, repack,

check wear, disassemble, service, replacement of part, check, assemble (and replace and/ or
upgrade

Customer connections

Regular inspection to maintain and repair and leakage detection, (and replacement and upgrade)

Reservoirs and Communal Standpipes

Cleaning, leakage detection, inlet & outlet maintenance, painting water proof material and level
monitoring, (and replacement and upgrade),

Water Meters

Test, service, repair and maintenance, replace and upgrade,

Valves

Strip, clean, repack, check wear, manhole installation, replace and upgrade,

Water Lines

Regular inspection, repair damages and leakages, maintain from any risks that may causes
breakage, (and replace and upgrade)

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Table 78: Maintenance deficit for Water supply

Item Unit of Quantity Unit Cost (EB)
Measure Rate (EB)
1.Transmission network
Cast(DCI) Lm 3,700 300 1,110,000.00
HDPE Lm 4,300 250 1,075,000.00
2.Distribution Network       -
Steel(GSP) Lm 6,300 375 2,362,500.00
Cast(DCI) Lm 72,290 300 21,687,000.00
UPVC Lm 1,410 250 352,500.00
3.Public stand pipe (water       -
point)
Concrete No 7 40,000.00 280,000.00
4.Air Valve No 2 200 400.00
5.Valve chamber       -
concrete and valves No 8 3000 24,000.00
6.Bore hole       -
Deep well No 3 1,200,000 3,600,000.00
7.Pump       -
Submersible Pump No 5 500,000.00 2,500,000.00
8.Reservior -
Concrete No 1 900,000 900,000.00
Pioneer Tanker No 1 800,000 800,000.00
Sub-total 34,691,400.00

As provided in the tables below, the city shall allocate a minimum of Birr 34,691,400.00 for
assets to be needed to keep the water supply network functional and operating without risk of
significant supply cut-off.

7.8. Maintenance of Assets in Environmental Activity Area

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7.8.1. Routine and Periodic Maintenance Activities for Drainage Networks

All drain lines or drainpipes should be maintained in good working edict without defects. All
such lines or pipes should be inspected regularly and where leakage, blockage or defects are
detected, they should be rectified immediately.

Blockage of drains by solid dusts or items, commonly siltation, can be cleared by high-pressure
water jet or rodding, which is easily applicable and implemented. For this manholes should be
readily accessible for regular maintenance. Access to them should not be obstructed. And or the
best alternative option of clearing and cleaning of drain systems especially for open drainage
systems is using human power. So that, desilting drains and sewers is one of the best ways to
ensure drainage system to fully operational and greatly reduces the risk of flooding from wet
weather.

The main routine and periodic maintenance activities as described above to preserve good
performing drainage networks needs an estimated budget of Birr 2,759,790.00.

Table79: Routine and Periodic Maintenance Budget Estimate for Drainage Network
Feature Class Maintenance Level of Uni Quantity Unit Estimated
Activity Deterioratio t to be Rate Maintenanc
n Maintaine (Br) e Budget
d (Br)
Open Masonry Siltation & Good ml 29,590.00 61
1,804,990.00
Drain Deposition
Cobble Stone Lined Siltation & Good ml 12,400.00 77
954,800.00
Drain Deposition
Earth Drain Siltation & Good ml 0.00 10 0.00
Deposition
2,759,790.00

7.8.2. Routine and Periodic Maintenance Activities for Parks, Greenery, Road
Median and Street Greenery .

The other sub categories of environmental activity area assets that are found under good
condition level are trees on the street (on the median), communal green (located infront of
michael church along the road to Addis Ababa), and Stadium. The total estimated routine and

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periodic maintenance need for these assets are Birr 23,807.56. From this maintenance need
30.66% is goes to flood control channel maintenance.

Table 80: Routine and Periodic Maintenance Budget Estimate for Parks, Greenery, Road
Median, Furniture and Street-Side Greenery
Feature Class Conditio Uni Total Area Unit RC Maintenance
(Park & Playground) n t Rate as Budget (Br)
% of
RC
Dukem Stadium Good m2 31,804.39 0.50% 3,301,512.0 16,507.56
0
Total 31,804.39 3,301,512.0 16,507.56
0
Feature Class Conditio Uni Total Area Unit Maintenance
(Urban Greenery) n t Rate as Budget (Br)
% of
RC
Communnal green Good m2 1446.242m 0.50% 580,000.00 2,900.00
2
Trees on Road Median Good No 1050 0.50% 880,000.00 4,400.00
1,460,000.0 7,300.00
0
Total 4,761,512.0 23,807.56
0

7.8.3. Maintenance Deficits of Drainage Networks

Some of the drainage line found to be in deteriorated condition and need significant maintenance
and it would be among the top maintenance priority to minimize the spillover negative effects of
the poorly functioning drainage line. The following are some of the proposed maintenance
activities recommended for deteriorated drainage networks.

 Clean out the damaged area and refill the affected joints with new mortar.
 Remove all damaged block back to the solid wall. Clean the joints and lay
new blocks.
 Replace manhole cover or grating, pointing joints, Maintaining weep holes
 Maintain headwall, replacing stone, provide new meter (turnout) drain,
reline drain, reshaping, are the main maintenance activities.

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To address the accumulated maintenance deficit of the drainage network the study proposes an
estimated about of Birr 1,500,620.00.

Table 81: Maintenance Deficit for Drainage Network

Feature Class Maintenance Activity Level of Unit Quantity to Unit Estimated
Deterioration be Rate Maintenance
Maintaine (Br) Budget (Br)
d
Open Masonry Siltation and Deposition Moderate ml 540.00 138.00
74,520
Drain
Cobble Stone Siltation and Deposition Moderate ml 3,500.00 160.00
560,000
Lined Drain
634,520.00
Open Masonry Siltation and Deposition Poor ml 440.00 215.00
94,600
Drain
Cobble Stone Siltation and Deposition Poor ml 600 230.00
138,000
Lined Drain
Earth Drain Siltation and Deposition Poor ml 12,670 50.00 633,500
866,100.00
Total 1,500,620.00

Chart Title
Open Masonry Drain
11%
Earth Drain
42%

Cobble Stone Lined Drain

47%

Figure 30:Proportion of Maintenance Deficit of Drainage

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7.8.4. Maintenance Deficits of Flood Control Structures

It is found that there is about 3.24 Km length flood controlling structure constructed from earth
under Poor condition within the city. According to the condition assessment it is deteriorated due
to siltation and deposition hence a maintenance backlog of Birr 1.22 Million is estimated to clean
it.

Table 82: Maintenance Deficit for Flood Control Structures

Feature Class Maintenance Activity Level of Uni Qty. to be Unit Estimated
deterioratio t Maintaine Rate Maintenance
n d (Br) Budget (Br)
Flood Control Siltation and Poor m3 3,824.71 320.0 1,223,908.47
Natural Canal Deposition 0

7.8.5. Maintenance Deficits of Latrines/Sanitation

Among the total 10 public toilets existing in the city, the inspection reported that 6 public and
communal toilets are found in state of poor condition. The study thus proposes Birr 10.,512.00 to
preserve them in good performing condition.

Table 83: Maintenance Deficit for Latrines

Feature Class Condition Number Uni Total Unit RC Maintenance
t Area Rate as Budget (Br)
% of RC
2
Public Toilet Poor 6 m 9.00 3.00% 58,400.00 10,512.00
Total   6   9.00   58,400.00 10,512.00

7.8.6. Maintenance Deficits of Solid waste management

Existing sanitary landfill (protected dumping site) of Dukem rated as poor condition level. The
absence of adequate machineries for regular compacting and poor management reflected by that
waste often piled up and scattered in the fenced compound and the surrounding. Supposing that
the overall landfill management and necessary facilities will be improved sooner or later,
currently the landfill system may need Birr 1.5 Million to take some corrective measures.

7.8.7. Maintenance Deficits of Parks, Greeneries and Street-Side Greenery

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Table 84: Maintenance Deficit for Urban Greenery

Feature Class (Urban Conditio Unit Total Unit Rate RC Maintenance
Greenery & Flood n Area as % of Budget (Br)
Control Channel) RC
Community Green 1/01 Moderate m2 800.00 2.00% 85,500.25 1,710.01
Community Green 2/01 Moderate m2 800.00 2.00% 85,500.25 1,710.01
Commmunity Moderate m2 1268.25 2.00% 150,560.47 3,011.21
green/Muluwenggel
Community green/kera Moderate m2 1113.00 2.00% 140,000.00 2,800.00
mosque
Total 3,981.25 9,231.23

Table 85: Maintenance summary of Environmental activity area

S.n Strategic Activity Area and Routine and Eliminating Total
o Feature Class Periodic Maintenance Maintenance
Maintenance Deficit (Birr) Need (Birr)
(Birr)
III. The EnvironmentalActivity area Assets
1 Drainage Network 2,759,790.00 1,500,620.00 4,260,410.00
2 Flood Control structure 1,223,908.47 1,223,908.47
3 Sanitation 10,512.00 10,512.00
4 Solid Waste management 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00
5 Parks, Greenery, Road Median 23,807.56 9,231.23 33,038.79
and Street Greenery
Total 2,783,597.56 4,244,271.70 7,027,869.26

Figure 31:Proportion of Maintenance Need of Environmental Activity area.

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7.9. Rehabiliitationof Assets in Environmental Activity Area

7.9.1. Rehabilitation of Drainage
Severely deteriorated drainage lines are found in the condition assessment of the city’s drainage
line system. The deterioration of these drainage lines is found to be siltation and deposition of
dust materials. This makes the drainage line not operational even though the structure of the
drainage line is sound and functional. Hence, in line with the amount of rehabilitation work and
type of feature class an estimated budget of Birr 192,600.00is required. However, this
rehabilitation cost shall be taken as maintenance deficit since the maintenance activities are
removal and/or cleaning of silted and deposited materials but not construction of structural.

The Cobble lined drain constitutes the largest share (42.1%) of the rehabilitation work which
would be better to replace with structured drainage system. The rest percentage of the drainage
rehabilitation work with siltation and deposition removal work is goes to earthen drainage
system.

Table 86: Rehabilitation of Drainage Network

Feature Class Maintenance Level of Uni Qty. to be Unit Estimated
Activity Deterioratio t Maintaine Rate Maintenanc
n d (Br) e Budget
(Br)
Cobble Stone Siltation and Very Poor ml 270.00 300.0 81,000.00
Lined Drain Deposition 0
Earth Drain Siltation and Very Poor ml 930.00 120.0 111,600.00
Deposition 0
192,600.00

7.9.2. Rehabilitation of Latrines/Sanitation

Publictoilet having anbldgof 4in no found at in dukem city is severe condition and not giving the
proposed service. Hence, it shall be rehabilitated with an estimated cost of Birr 43,800.00.

Table 87: Rehabilitation of Latrines

Tota Maintenanc
Conditio Unit Rate
Feature Class Number Unit l e Budget
n as % of RC
Area (Br)
Public Toilet Very Poor 4 No 6 100% 43,800.00
Total 4 6.00 43,800.00

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Table 88: Rehabilitation Summary of Environmental activity area

S.no Strategic Activity Area and Total rehabilitation

Feature Class Need (Birr)

1 Drainage Network 192,600.00

3 Sanitation 43,800.00
Total 236,400.00

7.10. Maintenance of Assets in Social and Economic Activity Area

7.10.1. Routine and Periodic Maintenance of Social and Economic Service
Buildings

Buildings rated as good condition will be prevented by routine and periodic maintenance actions.
Since most of the service buildings are found in good conditions the municipality should allocate
adequate budget for preventive maintenance to extend the useful life of the buildings and
declining the future big maintenance cost.

7.10.1.1. Routine and Periodic Maintenance of Administration Service

Buildings

About 40 administrative buildings with different storey level are inventoried in the assessment.
Thus, 25 buildings are found in good condition with an estimation budget of Birr 90,911.20to
keep them in current good condition.

Table 89: Preventive Maintenance Need of Administrative Service Buildings

Feature Class Conditio No. of Uni Total Unit RC Maintenanc
n Blocks t Area Rate as e Budget
% of RC (Br)
Dukem City Administration Good 11 m2 754.56 0.50% 8,540,247.5 42,701.23
2
Dukem Main Police station Good 5 m2 175.34 0.50% 4,677,274.0 23,386.37
0
Dukem City Water & Good 2 m2 84.57 0.50% 1,192,194.0 5,960.97
Sanitation Office 0
Dukem 01 Kebele Office Good 3 m2 45.41 0.50% 1,948,756.1 9,743.78
2

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Dukem Koticha Kebele Good 2 m2 97.78 0.50% 1,195,457.0 5,977.285

Office 0
Dukem Tedecha Kebele Good 2 m2 265.25 0.50% 628,312.00 3,141.56
Office
25 1,422.9 90,911.20

7.10.1.2. Routine and Periodic Maintenance of school Buildings

About 50 school buildings rated as good performing consists of 20 buildings, functioning as
class rooms, offices, libraries, workshops, , halls, laboratories, guard houses and toilet room will
be prevented by routine and periodic maintenance. The annual estimated maintenance budget to
preventive maintenance of these school buildings is Birr 87,449.64.

Table 90: Preventive Maintenance Need of School Buildings

Feature Class Conditio No. of Unit Total Unit RC Maintenanc
n Blocks Area Rate as e Budget
% of RC (Br)
Dukem No 1 Primary Good 1 m2 62.53 0.50% 1,325,421.0 6,627.11
school 0
Dukem No 2 Primary Good 2 m2 145.62 0.50% 2,545,542.0 12,727.71
school 3
Mendello School Good 1 m2 56.87 0.50% 475,000.00 2,375.00
Koticha School Good 5 m2 133.60 0.50% 5,451,256.0 27,256.28
0
OdaNabe Secondary Good 2 m2 425.64 0.50% 1,422,596. 7,112.98
School 00
Dukem TVET Good 9 m2 247.25 0.50% 6,270,112.0 31,350.56
0
20 1,071.5 87,449.64
1

7.10.1.3. Routine and Periodic Maintenance of Health Service Buildings

From 19 buildings, about 8 health buildings have been inspected and found to be in good
condition. The health service buildings comprise offices, waiting rooms, health posts, exam and
ward rooms and toilet services. Then it is proposed Birr 55,927.98to keep their current good
condition.

Table 91: Preventive Maintenance Need of Health Service Buildings

Feature Class Conditio Number Unit Total Unit RC Maintenance

n of Blocks Area Rate as Budget (Br)
% of RC

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Dukem Main Health Good 7 m2 975.24 0.50% 10,649,420.0 53,247.10

Center 0
Dukem Tedecha Good 1 m2 73.45 0.50% 536,176.00 2,680.88
Health post
Total 8 1,048.69 55,927.98

7.10.1.4. Routine and Periodic Maintenance of Municipal Markets

There are about 5Municipal markets as presented in the inventory result section. 2 of them are
inspected as good condition. The study proposes an estimated Birr 6,887.74to restore their
deteriorated status

Table 92: Preventive Maintenance Need of Municipal Markets

Feature Class Condition No. of Uni Total Unit RC Maintenance

Blocks t Area Rate as Budget (Br)
% of
RC
Dukem New Cattle Good 1 m2 8,400.00 0.50% 827,548.00 4,137.74
Market
Dukem Old Market Good 1 m2 1,518.18 0.50% 550,000.00 2,750.00
Total   2 9,918.18 6,887.74

7.10.1.5. Routine and Periodic Maintenance of MSE Premises

There are about 316 MSE buildings as presented in the inventory result section. 255 buildings
are inspected as good condition. The study proposes an estimated Birr 204,550.00to restore their
deteriorated status.

Table 93: Preventive Maintenance Need of MSE Premises

Feature Class Condition No. of Uni Total Unit RC Maintenance

Blocks t Area Rate as Budget (Br)
% of RC

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MSE Kebele 01 Shop Good 180 m2 211.45 0.50% 18,000,000.00 268,900.86

MSE Koticha Kebele Good 4 m2 48.54 0.50% 400,000.00 282,816.22
Shop
MSE Tedecha Kebele Good 24 m2 120.34 0.50% 240,000.00 278,890.91
Shop
MSE Gogecha Kebele Good 12 m2 48.00 0.50% 120,000.00 1,403.99
Shop
MSE Kebele 01 Shade Good 23 m2 127.84 0.50% 230,000.00 5,943.87
MSE Koticha Kebele Good 1 m2 50.26 0.50% 320,000.00 4,613.25
Shade
MSE Tedecha Kebele Good 4 m2 187.87 0.50% 1,280,000.00 33,124.13
Shade
MSE Gogecha Kebele Good 1 m2 48.52 0.50% 320,000.00 128,179.90
Shade
MSE Cluster Good 6 m2 254.21 0.50% 20,000,000.00 128,179.90
Total   255 1,097.03 204,550.00

7.10.1.6. Routine and Periodic Maintenance of Housing Facilities

Sixty three housing buildings out of the total housing buildings within the city found in good
state. Accordingly, the proposed budget for the preventive maintenance is Birr 31,500.00.

Table 94: Preventive Maintenance Need of Housing Facilities

Feature Class Conditio No. of Uni Total Unit RC Maintenanc

n House t Area Rate as e Budget
s % of (Br)
RC
Municipal Housing Good 58 m2 2,320.0 0.50% 5,800,000.0 29,000.00
Kebele 01 0 0
Municipal Housing Good 5 m2 200.00 0.50% 500,000.00 2,500.00
Ted.Kebele
Total 63 2,520.0 31,500.00
0

7.10.1.7. Routine and Periodic Maintenance of Other Buildings

Among Two buildings 1 building is under good condition level. The total estimated budget will
be Birr 1,020.83.

Table 95: Preventive Maintenance Need of Other Buildings

Feature Class Conditio No. of Uni Total Unit RC Maintenanc

n Block t Area Rate as e Budget

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s % of (Br)
RC
Stadium Good 1 m2 6.54 0.50% 204,16 1,020.83
6.00
Total 1 3504.0 1,020.83
0

7.10.2. Maintenance Deficit of Socio economic Activity Buildings

A total of 565 different buildings, as mentioned below composed of different sectoral offices are
found in moderate and poor condition. The study proposes an estimated Birr 2,317,373.89to
restore their deteriorated status. The detail of the maintenance need by asset classes of the
activity area is presented in the table below.

Table 96:Maintenance Need of Social and economic activity area

Feature Class Condition Number of Unit Total Area Unit Rate RC Maintenance
Blocks as % of Budget (Br)
RC
Administrativ Moderate 4 m2 648.51 2.0% 2,560,715.00 51,214.3
e Building Poor 1 m2 356.48 3.0% 180,000.00 5,400.00
Educational Moderate 20 m2 2,670.77 2.0% 12,547,652.00 250,953.04
Buildings Poor 1 m2 144.95 3.0% 720,000.00 21,600.00
Health Service Moderate 4 m2 378.68 2.0% 6,550,000.00 131,000.00
Buildings Poor 1 m2 64.45 3.0% 1,250,000.00 37,500.00
Youth Center Moderate 1 m2 643.20 2.0% 5,460,327.50 109,206.55
Buildings
Municipal Poor 3 m2 2916.01 3.0% 3,500,000.00 105,000.00
Markets
MSE premises Moderate 53 m2 1520.47 2.0% 11,130,000.00 222,600.00
Poor 3 m2 542.35 3.0% 630,000.00 18,900.00
Housing Moderate 105 m2 15241.12 2.0% 10,500,000.00 210,000.00
Buildings Poor 368 m2 6775.08 3.0% 36,800,000.00 1,104,000.00
Other Moderate 1 m2 556.15 2.0% 2,500,000.00 50,000.00
Buildings
Total 565 32,458.22 2,317,373.89

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Figure 32:Proportion of Maintenance Need of Social and Economic Activity area.

7.11. Rehabilitation of Assets in Social and Economic Activity Area

The study further identifies a total of 27 buildings that need rehabilitation or full replacement due
to their severely deteriorated condition. All of them belongs to Municipal houses in tedecha and
01 kebele located on 2,160.54square meters. In total, the municipality would allocate an
estimated Birr 2,700,000.00to fully replace these municipal service buildings that found in
severely deteriorated condition.see the table below.

Table 97: - Rehabilitation of Assets in Social and Economic Activity Area

Feature Class Condition Number of Total Area Rehabilitation
Buildings Budget (Br)
Housing Buildings Very Poor 27 2,160.54 2,700,000.00
Total    27 2,160.54 2,700,000.00

7.12. Maintaining and Repairing Machineries and Vehicles

Machineries and vehicles found in good condition will need frequent services whereas these
rated as moderate and poor condition level would get major maintenance and replacement of
parts. In addition, it is supposed that machineries and vehicles rated under sever condition
apparently requires replacing damaged parts and components if not decommissioned. As
mentioned in maintenance unit rate section, the estimation of maintenance and repair cost of

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machineries and vehicles is computed based on the fixed rate as percentage of the replacement
cost. It is worth mentioning here that the forecasted maintenance would only serve as indicative
annual maintenance budget need. The condition assessment is done based on the percentage of
estimated useful life, accordingly those vehicles and machineries which are found in good
condition can be repaired with an estimated routine and periodic maintenance budget of Birr
589,900.00for annual bases which would be needed to annual servicing, maintain and repair the
existing machineries and vehicles.

Table 98: Maintenance Schedule of Machinery and Vehicles

Name of Machinery Plate Number Condition MR MC
(Engineering Equipment)
EXCAVATOR SE-370C Good 10.0% 25,000.00
LOADER SG-853111 Good 10.0% 17,500.00
GRADER PP-16G-VI Good 10.0% 25,000.00
ROLLER - Good 10.0% 25,000.00
DUMPTRUCK 4-02981 Good 10.0% 15,000.00
DUMP TRUCK 4-03652 Good 10.0% 15,000.00
DUMP TRUCK 4-20512 Good 10.0% 15,000.00
DUMP TRUCK 4-20513 Good 10.0% 15,000.00
PRADO Good 10.0% 8,000.00,
AUTUMOBILE Good 10.0% 5,000.00
AUTOMOBILE Good 10.0% 5,000.00
AUTOMOBILE 4-06078 Good 10.0% 5,000.00
AUTOMOBILE 4-06079 Good 10.0% 5,000.00
AUTOMOBILE 4-06076 Good 10.0% 5,000.00
AUTOMOBILE 4-06077 Good 10.0% 5,000.00
AUTOMOBILE 4-04125 Good 10.0% 5,000.00
PICKUP 4-02702 Good 10.0% 7,500.00
PICKUP Good 10.0% 7,500.00
PICKUP 4-04287 Good 10.0% 7,500.00
PICKUP Good 10.0% 7,500.00
PICKUP 4-01395 Good 10.0% 7,500.00
LAND CRUISER 4-04121 Good 10.0% 10,000.00
AMBULANCE 4-04123 Good 10.0% 15,000.00
BISHOFTU BUS Good 10.0% 25,000.00
MOTORBICYCLE Good 10.0% 2,000.00
MOTORBICYCLE Good 10.0% 1,000.00
MOTORBICYCLE Good 10.0% 1,000.00
MOTORBICYCLE Good 10.0% 1,000.00
MOTORBICYCLE Good 10.0% 1,000.00
MOTORBICYCLE Good 10.0% 1,000.00
MOTORBICYCLE Good 10.0% 1,000.00

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Name of Machinery Plate Number Condition MR MC

(Engineering Equipment)
BAJAJ Good 10.0% 2,300.00
BAJAJ Good 10.0% 2,300.00
BAJAJ Good 10.0% 2,300.00
PICKUP Moderate 10.0% 60,000.00
PICKUP Moderate 10.0% 60,000.00
PICKUP Moderate 10.0% 60,000.00
TRUCKTOR Poor 10.0% 120,000.00
589.,900.00

7.13. Routine and Periodic Maintenance of Municipal Fences

The carried out measurement and condition assessments of fences encompassing the municipal
buildings and facilities. Attempt has been then made to identify maintenance need of the fences
that surround the municipal social and economic service and administrative buildings and
facilities.Accordingly, the study proposes a total of Birr 40,000.00as annual maintenance to keep
the 2258.45-meter length of fences that are found in good condition.

Table 99: - Routine and Periodic Maintenance of Municipal Fences

Feature Class Condition Unit Maintenance Total Length Maintenance
rate Budget (Br)
Fence Good ml 0.5% of RC 2258.45 40,000.00
Total 2258.45 40,000.00

7.14. Maintenance Deficit of Municipal Fences

As per the condition assessment a total length of 0.983kmfence has been found in deteriorated
condition; like foundation failure, wall collapse and rusting. An estimated maintenance backlog
of Birr60,000.00is needed to bring these deteriorated fences in to good condition.

Table 100: Maintenance Backlog of Municipal Fences

Feature Class Conditio Unit Maintenance Total Maintenance
n rate Length Budget (Br)
Fence Moderate ml 2.0% of RC 725.35 24,000.00
Sub Total 725.35 24,000.00
Fence Poor ml 3.0% of RC 258.47 36,000.00
Sub Total 258.48 36,000.00
Total 983.83 60,000.00

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7.15. Rehabilitation of Assets in Supporting Services

Table 101: - Rehabilitation of Assets in Supporting Services Area

Feature Class Conditio Number of Unit Total Area / Maintenance
n Buildings Length Budget (Br)
Fences Severe ml 145.24 60,250.00
Machineries and Severe     -
Vehicles
Total   145.24 60,250.00

7.16. Maintenance Summary

Maintenance need have identified for all the city assets with the aim to retain the good
performing assets and restore deteriorated assets to the level of the desired condition level.
Correspondingly the maintenance expenditure is forecasted. Accordingly, this section
summarizes the maintenance need. Consequently, the study proposes Birr 40.485 Million for
routine and periodic maintenance while the budget estimate to address the maintenance deficit is
Birr 82.005 Million. The forecasted maintenance totaled to Birr 122.49Million.See the table
below

Table 102: Maintenance Summary for All Asset Categories

S.no Strategic Activity Area and Routine and Eliminating Total
Feature Class Periodic Maintenance Deficit Maintenance
Maintenance (Br) (Birr) Need (Birr)
I. The Movement Network Assets
Road
1 Cobble Stone Road 19,630,800.00 3,742,900.00 23,373,700.00
2 Earth Pressed Road - 564,270.00 564,270.00
3 Gravel Road 16,175,600.00 31,798,200.00 47,973,800.00
4 Red Ash Road 601,650.00 3,981,775.00 4,583,425.00
36,408,050.00 40,087,145.00 76,495,195.00
Pedestrian Walkway
1 Terrazzo/Clay Tile 12,618.00 12,618.00
12,618.00 12,618.00
Road Structures
1 Culvert 6,000.00 6,000.00
2 Road Slab Crossing 85,000 530,000.00 607,000.00
91,000.00 530,000.00 613,000.00
1 Street Light 37,500.00 37,500.00

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2 Road Furniture 52,548.64 75,000.00 127,548.64

90,048.64 75,000.00 165,048.64
The Movement Network total 36,593,716,64 40,692,145.00 77,285,861.64
II. Water Supply Network Assets
2.1 Transmission network - 2,185,000.00 2,185,000.00
2.2 Distribution network - 24,402,000.00 24,402,000.00
2.3 Public stand pipe (water point) - 280,000.00 280,000.00
2.4 Air Valve - 400.00 400.00
2.5 Valve chamber - 24,000.00 24,000.00
2.6 Bore hole - 3,600,000.00 3,600,00.00
2.7 Pump - 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00
2.8 Reservoir - 1,700,000.00 1,700,000.00
Water Supply Total - 34,691,400.00 34,691,400.00
III. Environmental Strategic Area
3.1 Drainage 2,759,790.00 1,500,620.00 4,260,410.00
3.2 Flood Control structure - 1,223,908.47 1,223,908.47
3.3 Sanitation - 10,512.00 10,512.00
3.4 Solid Waste management - 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00
3.5 Parks, Greenery, Road Median 23,807.56 9,231.23 33,038.79
and Street Greenery
Environmental Strategic Area Total 2,783,597.56 4,244,271.70 7,027,869.26
IV. Social and Economic Strategic Area
4.1 Administrative Building 90,911.20 56,614.30 147,525.50
4.2 Educational Buildings 87,449.64 272,553.04 360,002.68
4.3 Health Service Buildings 55,927.98 168,500.00 224,427.98
4.4 Youth Center Buildings - 109,206.55 109,206.55
4.5 MSE Buildings 204,550.00 241,500.00 446,050.00
4.6 Municipal Markets 6,887.74 105,000.00 111,887.74
4.7 Housing Buildings 31,500.00 1,314,000.00 1,345,500.00
4.8 Other Buildings 1,020.83 50,000.00 51,020.83
Social & Economic Strategic Area Total 478,247.39 2,317,373.89 2,795,621.28
V. Supporting Services
5.2 Machineries and Vehicles 589,900.00 - 589,900.00
5.3 Fences 40,000.00 60,000.00 100,000.00
Supporting Services Total 629,900.00 60,000.00 689,900.00
Total Maintenance Cost
40,485,461.60 82,005,190.6 122,490,652.20

The above table can be summarized by the broad category of assets as below. The highest
maintenance need which is about 63.1% is goes to movement network assets.

Table 103: Maintenance Summary by Asset Category

Strategic Activity Area Routine Maintenance Total Percentage
Maintenance Deficit Maintenance
Movement Network 36,593,716,64 40,692,145.00 77,285,861.64 63.10%

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Water Supply - 34,691,400.00 34,691,400.00 28.32%

Environmental Services 2,783,597.56 4,244,271.70 7,027,869.26 5.73%
Social And Economic Services 478,247.39 2,317,373.89 2,795,621.28 2.28%
Supporting Services 629,900.00 60,000.00 689,900.00 0.56%
Grand Total 40,485,461.60 82,005,190.6 122,490,652.20 100.00%

Figure33 :Summary of Maintenance Cost by Asset Category

7.17. Rehabilitation Summary

As discussed and presented in former sections assets that need rehabilitation are identified from
the condition assessments. In parallel the financial requirement for rehabilitation is forecasted.
The total forecasted funding need to restore and replace severely deteriorated assets is estimated
about Birr 15.052Million.

Table 104: Rehabilitation Summary

Strategic Activity Area Rehabilitation/ Replacement Forecast (Birr)
I. The Movement Network Assets  
Road  
Cobble Stone 6,720,000.00
Gravel 3,867,500.00
Earthen Road 1,408,400.00
Sub Total 11,995,900.00
Road Structures  
Concrete Slab Crossing 60,000.00
Sub Total 60,000.00
Movement Network Total 12,055,900.00
II. Environmental Strategic Area  
Drainage 192,600.00

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Sanitation 43,800.00
Environmental Strategic Area Total 236,400.00
III. Social and Economic Strategic Area
Housing Buildings 2,700,000.00
Social and Economic Strategic Area Total 2,700,000.00
IV. Supporting Services  
Machineries and Vehicles
Fences 60,250.00
Supporting Services Total 60,250.00
Total Rehabilitation Cost 15,052,550.00

Table 105: Rehabilitation Summary by Asset Category

Strategic Activity Area Rehabilitation Cost Percentage

Movement Network 12,055,900.00 80.1%
Water Supply - 0.0%
Environmental Services 236,400.00 1.58%
Social And Economic Services 2,700,000.00 17.94%
Supporting Services 60,250.00 0.4%
Grand Total 15,052,550.00 100.0%

Figure 34: Summary of Maintenance Cost by Asset Category

In conclusion, the city should prioritize the maintenance and rehabilitation needs based upon
predetermined criteria such as social, economic, and environmental benefits that would enables

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to easily address the deficits and allocate resource based on functional hierarchy and risks. The
maintenance plan based on such prioritization approach will be held in step eight that may give
three years or shorter lead times to intervention to repair, maintain and renew the deficits
identified.

8. STEP 6: CALCULATE THE CURRENT REPLACEMENT

COST AND RESIDUAL VALUE OF ALL ASSETS

8.1. Introduction

A
sset valuation is the process of assigning monetary value to an asset. Valuation
enables understanding of the value of the infrastructure assets managed or owned by
a city. Further the monetary reveal the importance of the portfolio of public
investment and the need to preserve its value.

There are many ways and techniques to value the municipal assets. As per the AMP manual and
international practices the valuation of infrastructure assets employed in this study is based on
the calculation of the current replacement cost (CRC) and Depreciated Replacement Cost (DRC).

8.2. Building a List of Rates for New Assets Provision

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In order to determine CRC and then DRC and current value of existing assets, establishments of
unit rate for new assets is the basic and the primary task which is however often challenging. To
estimate unit price of acquisition and construction of new assets therefore different source of
information are assessed, reviewed and customized. In doing so efforts have been made to make
the cost information tends to be current and pertinent to local labor and material and adjustment
made for inflation factors when necessary. The followings are sources and procedure employed
to determine the unit cost and price of new assets.

 The current Unit rates set by the Bishoftu Municipality for the preparation of the CIP
particularly for major movement assets is directly adopted,
 Historical cost data of construction and acquisition of municipal assets are gathered
from the city and other cities,
 The actual construction and acquisition cost of some assets are adopted from recent
projects and procurements of other cities
 The recent biddings and actual construction cost of road projects of ORCE are
reviewed,
 Bill of quantities and cost estimation for major components of buildings collected
from the peer cities are reviewed
 AMP and CIP documents of other cities are thoroughly reviewed and compared to
Dukem.

Based on these sources the unit rate for acquisition and construction of each asset is estimated.
Accordingly, in tables below presents the unit rate estimated for new assets.

Valuation plays an important role in enabling reporting of the physical condition of the city
assets in monetary terms. The valuation of the city assets is based on the calculation of DRC
(Depreciated Replacement Cost). This is due to that apart from the challenges to obtain historical
cost date or lack of reliable information of original cost of construction and acquisition, DRC
enable to consider the price increase over the years. Furthermore, applying depreciated
replacement cost (DRC) to estimate current value of the city assets is a common international
practice and recommended by the revised AMP manual.

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DRC is based on current replacement cost of assets less an allowance for deterioration of
condition to date, and based on the fraction of remaining useful life over expected useful life. So
DRC is thus simply computed as the ratio of the remaining useful life to the expected useful life
as a percentage of current replacement cost.

According to the AMP manual, due to accelerated depreciation nature of movement network and
drainage channel, the maintenance deficit must be deducted from DRC to obtain an estimated
current value of the asset. For the rest of the asset it is supposed to be that they are not subjected
to accelerated depreciation the DRC itself is supposed to be representing the estimated current
value of the asset.

Current Value (CV) of Infrastructure Assets can be estimated as: -

CV= DRC-MD,
Where DRC = (RUL/ EUL) x CRC
Current Value of Facilities and Municipal Service Assets can be estimated as: -
CV = DRC,
Where DRC = (RUL/ EUL) x CRC
Where,
 CV is the Current Value
 CRC is the current replacement cost
 DRC is Depreciated Replacement Cost of the Asset
 RUL is the remaining useful life
 EUL is the expected useful life
 MD is the maintenance deficit of the assets

Table 106: Unit Rate for the Movement Network Assets

Feature Class Unit Unit Rate Unit Unit Rate
(Road Material) Replacement Cost Replacement Cost
Asphalt km -7m Equi 12,500,000.00 m2 1,785.71
Cobble Stone km -7m Equi 3,500,000.00 m2 500.00
Gravel km -7m Equi 2,200,000.00 m2 314.29
Red Ash km -7m Equi 1,950,000.00 m2 278.57
Large Block stone km -7m Equi 1,500,000.00 m2 214.29
Earth Pressed km -7m Equi 850,000.00 m2 121.43
Concrete Asphalt km -7m Equi 25,000,000.00 m2 3,571.43

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Precast Paving Block km -7m Equi 4,500,000.00 m2 642.86

Feature Class Unit Unit Rate Unit Unit Rate
(Walkway Material) Replacement Cost Replacement Cost
Asphalt km-3m Equi 3,500,000.00 m2 1,400.00
Cobble Stone km-3m Equi 1,250,000.00 m2 500.00
Precast Paving Block km-3m Equi 1,500,000.00 m2 600.00
Concrete km-3m Equi 3,300,000.00 m2 1,320.00
Red Ash km-3m Equi 695,000.00 m2 278.00
Terrazzo/Clay Tile km-3m Equi 1,850,000.00 m2 740.00
Feature Class Unit Rate
(Street Light) Unit Replacement
Steel Pole Cost
Wood Pole
Compact Florescent Lamp (CFL) No. 11,500.00 7,500.00
Florescent Lamp No. 13,500.00 8,500.00
High Pressure Sodium (HPS) Lamp No. 26,477.51 10,500.00
Solar with LED Lamp No. 19,500.00 15,000.00
Solar with CFL Lamp No. 17,500.00 14,000.00
Incandescent Lamp No. 7,500.00 4,000.00
No Lamp No. 6,500.00 3,500.00

Feature Class Unit Rate

(Traffic Sign) Unit Replacement Cost
Steel Pole
Traffic Sign Post No. 750.00
Feature Class Unit Unit Rate Per ml Per m2
Bridge 12m-Span Replacement Cost
5,000,000.00 416,666.67 59,523.81
Culvert 5-7m-Span 450,000.00 75,000.00 10,714.29
Slab Crossing <5m 30,000.00 15,000.00 2,000.00

Table 107: Unit Rate for Water Supply Network Assets

No. Feature Class Type Unit Replacement Cost
(Below Ground)

1 Transmission Network Steel(GSP) km 950,000.00

Cast(DCI) km 1,780,000.00
uPVC km 750,000.00
HDPE km 695,000.00
2 Distribution Network Steel(GSP) km 850,000.00
uPVC km 500,000.00
HDPE km 400,000.00
Feature Class (Above Ground) Description Unit Unit Rate (Br)
S.no
1.1 Borehole (Above
(Depth Ground)
<150m) no 1,000,000.00
1.2 Borehole (151m < Depth <350m) no 2,000,000.00
1.3 Borehole (Depth > 351m) no 3,500,000.00

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2.1 Reservoir (100 m3) no 950,000.00

2.2 Reservoir (500 m3) no 1,500,000.00
2.3 Reservoir (1000 m3) no 2,500,000.00
2.4 Borehole Pump no 650,000.00
2.5 Gate Valve no 5,150.00
3.1 Air Releasing Valve no 8,500.00
3.2 Normal Valve no 7,650.00
3.3 Public tap (Water Point) no 100,000.00
3.4 Hydrant no 50,000.00

Table 108: Unit Rate for Environmental Activityand Social and Economic Area Assets
Feature Class Unit Unit Rate Per m2 Per ml
(Drainage Type) Replacement Cost
Piped Concrete Drain km 2,275,000.00 2,957.50 2,275.00
Closed Masonry Drain km 2,200,000.00 2,860.00 2,200.00
Closed Concrete Lined Drain km 2,500,000.00 3,250.00 2,500.00
Open Concrete Lined Drain km 1,000,000.00 1,300.00 1,000.00
Open Masonry Drain km 1,500,000.00 1,950.00 1,500.00
Cobble Stone Lined Drain km 457,000.00 594.10 457.00
Semi Pipe Concrete Drain km 850,000.00 1,105.00 850.00
Earth Drain km 30,000.00 39.00 30.00

Feature Class Components of Types of Construction Unit (Plinth Unit Rate

Building Material Area) Replacement Cost
Buildings Foundation Stone Masonry m2 2,700.00
Concrete m2 3,200.00
Timber m2 1,150.00
Floor Concrete m2 1,900.00
Earthen m2 1,000.00
Wooden m2 1,500.00
Wall Aluminum Panel m2 2,300.00
Concrete m2 3,000.00
Timber m2 1,500.00
CIS m2 750.00
HCB m2 2,200.00
Lamera m2 1,250.00
Stone Masonry m2 2,100.00
Roof Corrugated Iron Sheet m2 500.00
EGA Sheet m2 750.00
Concrete m2 2,200.00

8.3. Summary of Replacement Cost and Residual Value of Assets by

Strategic Activity Area

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Replacement cost (RC) is one of the frequent and common asset valuation methods. It is a
measure of replacement value or the cost of replacing an existing asset with a modern asset of
equivalent capacity. RC is essential tool that informs the monetary value that would be credited
to the assets and the cost of replacement to make sure there is sufficient funding to maintain the
network and facilities in the long term. Accordingly, total current replacement cost of the city
assets is estimated to be about Birr 1,332,773,893.91and the residual value of the city is Birr
869,630,161.96.

Table 109: Summary of Current Replacement Cost and Residual Value of the City Assets
Feature Class Current Residual Value Maintenance Asset Deficit
Replacement (ETB) Deficit (ETB)
S.no Cost (ETB)
The Movement Networks 783,683,000.00 505,045,263.00 77,285,861.64 278,637,737.00
1
Water Supply Network Assets 89,881,566.70 24,949,590.02 34,691,400.00 64,931,976.69
2
Environmental Activity Area 110,999,598.05 68,031,720.20 7,027,869.26 42,967,877.80
3
Social, Economic and 348,209,729.16 271,603,588.75 3,485,521.28 76,606,140.42
4 Supporting Activity Area
Total 1,332,773,893.9 869,630,161.96 122,490,652.2 463,143,731.91
1 0
 

As illustrated in figure below the Socioeconomic activity area assets and Movement Network
assets constitutes nearly an equal amount which is 26.12% and 58.8 % contribution respectively
is the most valued asset of the city, followed by the other two activity areas aggregately share
15.08% of the replacement cost of the city.

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Figure 35:Contribution of Asset Classes by Strategic Activity Area for the total Replacement
Value of the city assets.

Regarding the residual value of the city assets the movement network activity area covers almost
have of the current value of the city asset, 58.07% of the total..

Figure36:Contribution of Asset Classes by Strategic Activity Area for the total Residual Value of the city assets.

8.4. Current Replacement Cost and Residual Value of the Movement

Network Assets
8.4.1. Road Surfaces
The Current replacement cost of the road surfacing movement network assets is estimated to be
about Birr 744 Million, which makes the movement network assets, the highly valued strategic

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activity area. The table below demonstrates the replacement value of each feature classes in the
strategic activity area.

Table 110: Current Replacement Cost of the Movement Network Asset- Road
S.no Feature Class Unit Quantity Unit Rate CRC
1 Cobble Stone km 71.6 3,500,000.00 250,600,000.00
2 Gravel km 184.04 2,200,000.00 404,888,000.00
3 Red Ash km 41.245 1,950,000.00 80,427,750.00
4 Earth Pressed km 9.71 850,000.00 8,253,500.00
306.595   744,169,250.00

The cobble stone road valued at about Birr 250Million representing about 33.67 % of the
movement network is the Second highest valued asset of the strategic area. That implies the city
has been investing more in cobble roads over the past years and which is a good approach and
could be a role model for other cities. However, the 54.40 percent coverage of the replacement
cost of the road asset, which is Gravel road, shall be improved to the next best surface material.

cobble stone paved road is though the largest investments; due to their accelerated depreciation
they also constitute the largest asset deficit even though red ash road constitutes the largest share
of the deficit. The situation not only highlights the importance of these infrastructure assets in
terms of the large investment capital but the risk of accelerated capital losses reflected by the
relatively larger asset deficit and implies the need to assign adequate maintenance investment
and plan to minimize deprecation rate.

S.n Feature Current Depreciated Maintenance Current Asset Deficit

o Class Replacement Replacement Deficit (Br) Value (Br)(2- (Br)(1-4)
Cost (Br) Cost (Br) 3)
1 Cobble Stone 187,950,000.00 23,373,700.00 164,576,300.0 86,023,700.00
250,600,000.00
0
2 Gravel 303,666,000.00 47,973,800.00 255,692,200.0 149,195,800.00
404,888,000.00
0
3 Red Ash 80,427,750.00 60,320,812.5 4,583,425.00 55,737,387.50 24,690,362.50
4 Earth Pressed 8,253,500.00 6,190,125.00 564,270.00 5,625,855.00 2,627,645.00
Total 744,169,250.00 558,126,938.00 76,495,195.00 481,631,742.0 262,537,508.00

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0
Table 111: Residual Value of the Movement Network Asset- Road

8.4.2. Pedestrian Walkways

The Current replacement cost of the Walkway assets is estimated to be about Birr 277,500.00
that contributes significant amount to the strategic activity area. The Table below demonstrates
the replacement value of each feature classes in the strategic activity.

Table 112: Current Replacement Cost of the Movement Network Asset- Walkway
S.no Feature Class Unit Quantity Unit Rate CRC
(Walkway Surface Material)
1 Terrazzo Tile km 0.15 1,850,000.00 277,500.00
Total 0.15 277,500.00

The residual value of the Walkway assets is estimated to be about Birr 54,243.00 that indicates
that the asset is depreciated with 19.54% so that it needs focus to eliminate the deficit and
increase the value of this asset. The table below demonstrates the residual value of each feature
classes in these walkway assets.

Table 113: Residual Value of the Movement Network Asset- Walkway

S.n Feature Class Current Depreciated Maintenanc Current Asset
o (Walkway Surface Replacement Replacement e Deficit (Br) Value (Br) Deficit (Br)
Material) Cost (Br) Cost (Br)
1 Terrazzo/Clay Tile 277,500.00 235,875.00 12,618.00 223,257.00 54,243.00
Total 277,500.00 235,875.00 12,618.00 223,257.00 54,243.00

8.4.3. Road Structures

Road structures such as bridges and culverts have an estimated replacement cost of Birr
37,530,000.00. The analysis indicates that these assets deficit is about 41% of the replacement
cost which means that the current value of this asset is 59% of the replacement cost. Thus
maintenace need has to be addressed and the depreciation cost due to aging need to be
appreciated

Table 114: Current Replacement Cost of the Movement Network Asset- Road structure

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S.no Feature Class Unit Unit Quantity Unit Rate CRC

1 Culvert ml 10m-EQL 110 75,000.00 8,250,000.00
2 Concrete Slab ml 8ml-EQL 1952 15,000.00 29,280,000.00
Crossing
Total 1862 37,530,000.00

Table 115:Residual Value of the Movement Network Asset- Road structure

S.n Feature Class Current Depreciated Maintenanc Current Value Asset Deficit
o Replacement Replacement e Deficit (Br) (Br)
Cost (Br) Cost (Br) (Br)
1 Culvert 8,250,000.00 4,950,000.00 6,000.00 4,944,000.00 3,306,000.00
2 Concrete Slab 17,568,000.0 16,961,000.0 12,319,000.0
29,280,000.00 607,000.00
Crossing 0 0 0
Total 22,518,000.0 21,905,000.0 15,625,000.0
37,530,000.00 613,000.00
0 0 0

8.4.4. Street Light

Street light,have a replacement cost of Birr1,706,250.00. It can be observable that the city has
Should have to investment on the street light which is appreciable and has its own contiribution
in safeguarding the city resident.

Table 116: Current Replacement Cost of the Movement Network Asset- Street light and
road furniture

Sr. Feature Class Unit Rate Quantity CRC

No (Street Light ReplacementCost
. Lamp Type) Uni Steel Wood Steel Wood Steel Wood
t
1 Solar Street Light No. 17,500.0 0 96 0 1,680,000.0 0
0 0
2 Traffic Signs No. 750.00 35 26,250.00
Total 1,706,250.00

Table 117:Residual Value of the Movement Network Asset- Street light and
oadfurniturre

Sr. Feature Class Current Depreciated Maintenance Current Value Asset Deficit

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No Replacement Replacement Deficit (Br) (Br) (Br)

. Cost (Br) Cost (Br)
1 Solar Street Light 1,680,000.00 1,428,000.00 37,500.00 1,390,500.00 289,500.00
2 Traffic Signs 26,250.00 22,312.50 127,548.64 -105,236.14 131,486.14
Total 1,706,250.00 1,450,312.50 165,048.64 1,285,263.86 420,986.14

8.5. Current Replacement Cost and Residual Value of Water Supply

Network
The Water supply network assets can be replaced with at Birr 89,881,566.70 that makes the least
important valued assets of the city by contributing only 7 % of replacement value of the city
assets.

Water distribution and transmission lines is representing vast majority of investments of the
sector, and also good proportion of asset deficit indicates their long age that they have been
served almost half of their expected useful life. Thus the municipality would consider
replacement plan of such aged assets along with a need for preventive and reactive maintenance
to extend the service life of water system asset that are expensive to replace in short term.

Table 118: Current Replacement Cost of Above Ground Water Supply Network Assets
Sr.No Feature Class Unit Quantity Unit Rate CRC (Br)
(Br)
1 Borehole no 10 2,166,666.67 21,666,666.70
2 Reservoir no 4 1,650,000.00 6,600,000.00
3 Air Valve no 4 8,500.00 34,000.00
4 Valve Chambers no 16 5,150.00 82,400.00
5 Public tap (Water Point) no 12 100,000.00 1,200,000.00
6 Pump no 9 650,000.00 5,850,000.00
35,433,066.70
Table 119: Current Replacement Cost of Below Ground Water Supply Network Assets
S.n Feature Type Unit Quantit Unit Rate Current
o Class y Replacement Cost
1 Transmissio Steel(GSP) km - 950,000.00 0.00
n Network Cast(DCI) km 3.7 1,780,000.00 6,586,000.00
uPVC km - 750,000.00 0.00
HDPE km 4.3 695,000.00 2,988,500.00
2 Distribution Steel(GSP) km 6.3 850,000.00 5,355,000.00
Net work Cast(DCI) km 75.19 500,000.00 37,595,000.00
uPVC km 4.81 400,000.00 1,924,000.00
Total 94.3 54,448,500.00

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The lion share of the water assets is emanated from below ground water lines that constituting as
some as 60.57%, particularly the Distribution line, of the estimated replacement value of water
system assets. It should remind that the municipality would give special attention for
maintenance and preserving actions for water lines.

Figure 37:The Share of Water System Assets for CRC of Water Supply Network

Table 120: Residual Value of Above & Below Ground Water Supply Network Assets
S.n Feature Class Current Depreciate Maintenan Current Asset
o Replaceme d ce Deficit Value (Br) Deficit (Br)
nt Cost Replaceme (Br)
(Br) nt Cost
(Br)
1 Transmission 9,574,500.0 5,553,210.0 2,185,000.0 3,368,210.0 6,206,290.0
Network 0 0 0 0 0
2 Distribution Net 44,874,000. 38,142,900. 24,402,000. 13,740,900. 31,133,100.
work 00 00 00 00 00
Sub Total 54,448,500. 43,696,110. 26,587,000. 17,109,110. 37,339,390.
00 00 00 00 00
1 Borehole 21,666,666. 9,750,000.0 3,600,000.0 6,150,000.0 15,516,666.
70 2 0 2 69
2 Reservoir 6,600,000.0 2,970,000.0 1,700,000.0 1,270,000.0 5,330,000.0

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0 0 0 0 0
3 Air Valve 34,000.00 15,300.00 400.00 14,900.00 19,100.00
4 Valve Chambers 82,400.00 37,080.00 24,000.00 13,080.00 69,320.00
5 Public tap (Water 1,200,000.0 540,000.00 280,000.00 260,000.00 940,000.00
Point) 0
6 Pump 5,850,000.0 2,632,500.0 2,500,000.0 132,500.00 5,717,500.0
0 0 0 0
Sub Total 35,433,066. 15,944,880. 8,104,400.0 7,840,480.0 27,592,586.
70 02 0 2 69
Total 89,881,566. 59,640,990. 34,691,400. 24,949,590. 64,931,976.
70 02 00 02 69

8.6. Current Replacement Cost and Residual Value of Environmental

Activity Area
The environmental activity area can be replaced with Birr 110,999,598.05 that makes the
strategic category is the third valued assets, which would suggest that the drainage facilities and
the absence of modern waste facilities contribute to the relatively smallest value of the category.

Table 91: Current Replacement Cost of Environmental Activity Area

S.no Feature Class Unit Quantity Unit Rate CRC
1 Open Masonry Drain km 45.99 1,500,000.00 68,985,000.00
2 Cobble Stone Lined Drain km 27.37 457,000.00 12,508,090.00
3 Earth Drain km 13.6 30,000.00 408,000.00
Sub Total 77.71 81,901,090.00
S.no Feature Class Unit Quantity Unit Rate Current Replacement Cost
(Br)
1 Parks and Playground No 2 Variable 12,578,562.00
2 Urban Greenery No 10 Variable 10,000,000.0
3 Sanitation No 10 Variable 1,500,000.00
4 Waste Management Facilities No. 2 Variable 2,487,546.05
6 Flood Controlling Channel ml 3240 Variable 32,400.00
7 Monuments No 2 Variable 2,500,000.00
Sub Total 29,098,508.05
110,999,598.05

The situation is more reflected when looking that it is the drainage network constitutes almost
77.48% of the strategic activity area. In general, the situation indicates the city needed to strive
to invest more in environmental elements particularly in solid and liquid waste facilities.

The growth of the inventory of new facilities, such as land fill and the public and communal
toilets that increase total value of the city facilities over the past few years, is counter balanced

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by the ageing of facilities such as the long served drainage channels, that relatively escalate the
asset deficits of the strategic category. The situation implies the need of long term plan to renew,
upgrade and replace the aging assets.

Table 122: Residual Value of Environmental Activity Area

S.no Feature Class Current Depreciated Maintenance Current Value Asset Deficit
Replacement Replacement Deficit (Br) (Br) (Br)
Cost (Br) Cost (Br)
1 Open Masonry 68,985,000.00 44,840,250.00 1,974,110.00 42,866,140.00 26,118,860.00
Drain
2 Cobble Stone Lined 12,508,090.00 8,130,258.50 1,652,800.00 6,477,458.50 6,030,631.50
Drain
3 Earth Drain 408,000.00 265,200.00 633,500.00 -368,300.00 776,300.00
Sub Total 81,901,090.00 53,235,708.50 4,260,410.00 48,975,298.50 32,925,791.50
1 Parks and 12,578,562.00 9,433,921.50 16,507.56 9,417,413.94 3,161,148.06
Playground
2 Urban Greenery 10,000,000.00 7,500,000.00 16,531.23 7,483,468.77 2,516,531.23
3 Sanitation 1,500,000.00 1,125,000.00 10,512.00 1,114,488.00 385,512.00
4 Waste Management 2,487,546.05 1,865,659.54 1,500,000.00 365,659.54 2,121,886.51
Facilities
5 Flood Controlling 32,400.00 24,300.00 1,223,908.47 -1,199,608.47 1,232,008.47
Channel
6 Monuments 2,500,000.00 1,875,000.00 - 1,875,000.00 625,000.00
Sub Total 29,098,508.05 21,823,881.04 2,767,459.26 19,056,421.78 10,042,086.27
Total 110,999,598.05 75,059,589.50 7,027,869.26 68,031,720.20 42,967,877.80

8.7. Current Replacement Cost of Social and Economic Activity Area

and Supporting Services
Assets in Social and Economic Activity Area valued at Birr 278.445 million, representing as
some as 25.06 % of the replacement value of the city assets.School buildings and MSE Premises
constitute combined 11.41% of the strategic area. The limited number of youth buildings and
market buildings in contrast to large number of young population of the city and booming market
in the city and other social and economic

Table 123: Replacement Cost of Social and Economic Strategic Area Assets
S/n Feature Class Unit Quantity/No Unit Current Replacement
. of Blocks Rate Cost (Br)

1 Administrative Building No. 41 Variable 78,687,684.95

2 Educational Buildings No. 50 Variable 69,805,615.82
3 Health Service Buildings No. 19 Variable 21,305,163.09

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4 Youth Center Buildings No. 1 Variable 9,870,000.00

5 Municipal Markets No. 5 Variable 2,130,166.44
6 MSE Buildings No. 328 Variable 31,782,758.60
7 Housing Buildings No. 563 Variable 56,300,000.00
8 Other Building No. 2 Variable 8,564,200.00
278,445,588.90

Figure 38:Share of Buildings and Facilities CRC of the Social and Economic Strategic
Category
The supporting services composed of machineries and vehicles including the fence from each
sectoral building. The study tried to include the fences of all municipal facilities and buildings
and valued under this category. The value of supporting services at replacement cost is then
estimated to be Birr 69.76 Million.

Table 124: Replacement Cost of Supporting Services Area

V. Supporting Services Unit Quantity Unit Current Replacement
Rate Cost
1 Machineries and Vehicles No. 51 Variable 61,278,450.58
2 Fences ml 3,387.52 Variable 8,485,689.68
Supporting Services Total       69,764,140.26

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Table 125: Estimated Current Value of Social, Economic & Supporting Services
Social and Economic Current Depreciated Residual Value Asset Deficit
Strategic Area and Replacement Replacement
Supportive Area Cost Cost (Br)
1 Administrative 78,687,684.95 61,376,394.26 61,376,394.26
Building 17,311,290.69
2 Educational Buildings 69,805,615.82 54,448,380.30 54,448,380.30 15,357,235.52
3 Health Service 21,305,163.09 16,618,027.21 16,618,027.21 4,687,135.88
Buildings
4 Youth Center 9,870,000.00 7,698,600.00 7,698,600.00 2,171,400.00
Buildings
5 Municipal Markets 2,130,166.44 1,661,529.82 1,661,529.82 468,636.62
6 MSE Buildings 31,782,758.60 24,790,551.71 24,790,551.71 6,992,206.89
7 Housing Buildings 56,300,000.00 43,914,000.00 43,914,000.00
12,386,000.00
8 Other Building 8,564,200.00 6,680,076.00 6,680,076.00 1,884,124.00
Sub Total 278,445,588.90 217,187,559.30 217,187,559.30 61,258,029.60
1 Machineries and 61,278,450.58 47,797,191.45 47,797,191.45
Vehicles 13,481,259.13
2 Fences 8,485,689.68 6,618,837.95 6,618,837.95 1,866,851.73
Sub Total 69,764,140.26 54,416,029.40 54,416,029.40
15,348,110.86
Total 348,209,729.16 271,603,588.75 271,603,588.75 76,606,140.42

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9. STEP 7: COST, PRIORITIZE, NEW WORK PROJECTS

WITHIN THE CIP PROCESS
9.1. Introduction

T
he proposed new work projects for the year 2013 to 2015 EFY of Dukem is prepared
based on different sources including the city CIP prepared for the same project years.
The CIP plan has been prepared based on the need assessment gathered from repeated
community consultation held in each kebele of the city. The new works projects also consider the
need for rehabilitation works derived from asset inventory and condition inspection of this study.

The new works give emphasis for upgrading of infrastructure and facilities in the existing areas.
Preparation of the new works project proposal passed all necessary project planning steps from
project identification to prefeasibility study and appraising and evaluation from socioeconomic
objectivities, environmental and financial viabilities. The appraising steps has been also includes
prioritizing the proposed projects based on different development perspectives and the city
financial and implementation capacities and other criteria set in the CIP guideline and AMP
manual.

The proposed new works are then presented by CIP format and further presented and discussed
by strategic activity area and feature classes as per the recently revised AMP manual.

9.2. Unit Rates for New Works

Unit cost information that has been set and presented in step 6 for the purpose of valuation and
costing of the city assets is considered and employed to plan and costing the new works projects.
As explained in the step 6, some of the unit rates provided for construction and acquisition of
new works and new assets has been set by the municipality itself considering the current market
and availability of resources. Some of the unit cost information, as explained in the former steps,
adopted from different reliable sources and adjusted for the local conditions.

9.3. Community Need Assessment

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One of the basic sources to plan new works has been the need assessments. The community need
for infrastructure assets for the previous years has been systematically gathered from each
Kebeles in the city. For the coming years starting from this year direct community participation
is handled in all kebeles to collect the wish list of the community considering the infrastructure
and service needs in addition to the questionnaire’s distributed to the kebeles. The community
need assessments would indicate to what degree funding shortfalls may exist and may be used as
to make adjustments in the budget allocation to achieve sustainability and addressing the public
needs. It has to be noted that the four Kebeles administrations have been respond to the
questionnaires distributed to identify the infrastructure and service needs.

9.4. Budgetary Requirement for Infrastructure Rehabilitation

As discussed and presented in former sections assets that need rehabilitation and or replacement
are identified from the condition assessments. In parallel the financial requirement for
rehabilitation is forecasted. The total forecasted funding need to restore and replace severely
deteriorated assets is estimated about Birr 15.052 Million. A summary of all rehabilitation
projects by activity area is tabulated below.

Table 126: Rehabilitation Summary

Strategic Activity Area Rehabilitation/ Replacement Forecast (Birr)
I. The Movement Network Assets  
Road  
Cobble Stone 6,720,000.00
Gravel 3,867,500.00
Earthen Road 1,408,400.00
Sub Total 11,995,900.00
Road Structures  
Concrete Slab Crossing 60,000.00
Sub Total 60,000.00
Movement Network Total 12,055,900.00
II. Environmental Strategic Area  
Drainage 192,600.00
Sanitation 43,800.00
Environmental Strategic Area Total 236,400.00
III. Social and Economic Strategic Area
Housing Buildings 2,700,000.00
Social and Economic Strategic Area Total 2,700,000.00
IV. Supporting Services  
Machineries and Vehicles
Fences 60,250.00

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Supporting Services Total 60,250.00

Total Rehabilitation Cost 15,052,550.00

9.5. The Proposed New Work Projects Organized by Strategic

Activity Area
The proposal new works projects are identified with in the broad socioeconomic development
objectives of the city and specifically considering the community need assessments. In addition,
some of the proposals are identified from the city strategic plan and short and medium term plan
of relevant sectorial offices that have been primarily identified the infrastructure and service gaps
in their respective sectors.

In total, the plan proposes Birr 314,202,559.00 for new works projects in 2013 EFY excluding
Birr 15.052 Million for rehabilitation works and Maintenance budget identified from condition
assessments of the city assets, the total budget for new works projects for three years rolling
capital investment program is Birr 862,466,134.92In general, the plan focuses on the on
goingprojectsby 43.13% share of the total CIP budget. The second focused area is the Social and
economicservice, capacity building and other Environmental activity area projects of the budget.
It is recommended that the capital investment plan would consider the four strategic areas as
equal proportion.

Table 127: Summary of cost of new work projects by activity area

Asset Category Financial Plan of Projects for 2013 Years

2013 E.C
Movement Network 20,700,000.00
Water Supply 1,700,000.00
Environmental Activity Area 9,075,000.00
Social and Economic Activity Area 128,671,258.00
Consultancy Services, Capacity Building, 18,526,274.00
On Going 135,530,027.00
Total cost of the CIP excluding 314,202,559.00
maintenance budget

9.6. The Proposed New Work Projects (Rehabilitation Projects)

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As presented in the summary table above in budgetary requirement for infrastructure

rehabilitation section, the total amount of budget needed is Birr 15.052 Million which is that the
city would have to give attention to this big amount of budget. However, the city did not have
plan for rehabilitation projects for the next years, so it is advised that the city shall revise its
capital investment plan to incorporate the rehabilitation work.

9.7. Evaluating the Proposed New Works

The proposed new works evaluated from different development objectives and socioeconomic
benefits. Ensuring promoting equity to the local community, strengthen and promoting the urban
local socioeconomic development and attracting investments has been some of the major
evaluating criteria. In addition, creations of job opportunities and protecting and developing the
environment, and promote public health and safety is among the project appraisal criteria
employed in identifying the candidate projects. The appraised new works project proposals are
then again ranked by priority based on the funding capacity of the city.

9.7.1. Socioeconomic Objectives and Benefits

The development of infrastructures and services increases the community benefits such as
accessibility, mobility, economic development and social justice. Apart from direct and indirect
job opportunities that can be created from the implementation of proposed projects, the potential
local economic development and business establishments, infrastructure and service
development would trigger more job opportunities to the entire community. It is not need to
mention that the developed infrastructure is the main pulling factor for investment.

9.7.2. Environmental Benefit

Significant portions of the proposed new works projects are directly related to movement
network issues. The development of greenery and parks, improving and expanding waste
disposal and sanitation facilities and the drainage network evidenced that the plan would address
critical urban environmental issues.

9.7.3. Financial Consideration

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The financial forecast for capital investment plan indicates that the fund for the proposed new
work projects can be obtained from the city own revenue, regional grant. The forecasted own
sources, regional, and external pledged financial sources would ensure that the proposed projects
would be financed with minimum budget risks in the project period. The Table below presents
the financial plan by possible sources for the proposed new works projects

Table 128: Financial Plan for Proposed New work Projects

S/N Sources of Funding
2013 EFY
1 Regional Contribution 20,418,086.00
2 Additional Municipal fund for projects from own revenue 228,639,894.00
3 Community Contribution For Projects 1,531,357.00
4 Other Capital Revenue/State fund 67,231,222.00

Total Capital revenue forecast 317,820,559.00

9.8. Prioritize the New Works Projects by Strategic Activity Area

Along with consideration of key organizational strategic emphases and reviewing and evaluating
the proposed new work projects from socioeconomic and environmental objectives and
budgetary constraints, the proposal has been once again revaluated and prioritized by the city top
management.

Table 129:- Prioritization of new projects within the activity area

S.N Project Unit Quantit Location Priority
o y (kebele)
NEW PROJECTS
A Movement Network

1 Roads    
1.1 Cobblestone Road km 5   I
1.2 Gravel Road km  20 I

2 Road structures No 25 I

2.1 Culvert and slab crossing on different site No 25 I

3 Street Light

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3.1 Street light for new developing site km 3 I

3.2 Light meter No 30 I

B Water Supply
 
1 Water meter No 30 I

2 water line for expansion Km 1 I

C Environental Activity Area

1 Drainage km  3 I

D ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SERVICES

1 G+6 Dukem Adminstration % 100 I

 2 OdaNabe G+2 School Block 1 I

 3 MSE Cluster Block 1 I

4 Health Center Operation Room Block 1 I

5 Koticha and Gogeha school fence % 100 I

6 Plant Station Net % 100 I

7 Tedecha Health Center Additional Block Block 1 I

8 Dairy and poultry House Block 2 I

9 Urban Agriculture center % 100 I

10 Kera Block 1 I

11 Slaughtery House Block 1 I

12 Security Office Block 1 I

13 Red cross Pharmacy Block 1 I

14 Cattle Market Fence % 100 I

15 Secondary school % 100 I

CAPACITY BUILDING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICE

 1 Dump truck No 2 I

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2 Grader No 1 I

3 Shower Truck No 1 I

4 Pick up No 1 I

5 Motor Bike No 4 I

6 Bajaj No 2 I

7 Tractor No 1 I

8 Mini Bus No 1 I

9 Pick Up No 1 I

10 Environmental Impact test Apparatus No 1 I

11 Culture Center Hall Design % 100 I

12 City Cadaster % 100 I

ON GOING PROJECTS

1 Koticha youth center % 100 I

2 G+2 Dukem No.2 school % 100 I

3 Kera Koticha Asphalt Concrete road % 100 I

4 Metoarba-Tedech Asphalt Concrete road % 100 I

5 Solar Street Light % 100 I

6 Gogecha school staff room % 100 I

7 01 police office % 100 I

8 Health Center Greenery % 100 I

 9 Open Masonry ditch Maintenance % 100 I

10 Cobblestone road Maintenance % 100 I

11 Street Light % 100 I

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12 ME Shop % 100 I

13 Agriculture Office Waiting room and Guard % 100 I

house

14 Café Tuma G+4 Building % 100 I

MAINTENANCE

1 MSE Shopmaintainance % 100 I

2 Open Masonry ditch Mintenance % 100 I

3 Cobblestone road Maintenance % 100 I

4 Gravel road Maintenance % 100 I

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9.9. Budget for New Works Projects on the Basis of Priorities

Table 130:- Prioritized new work projects for 2012 Fiscal Year
S/ Name of Project Uni Unit rate Quantity Total cost Priority Locati
No t Level on of
Projec
t
(Kebel
e)
A MOVEMENT NETWORK
1 Cobble stone 11,000,000. I Dukem
00
1 Asfalt to Bus station m2 500.00 1.400,00 507.674,40 I Dukem

2 Misrak Hotel to Old Railway m2 500.00 1.120,00 365.139,60 I Dukem

3 Asefa Garage to Stadium m2 500.00 3.600,00 1.319.349,6 I Dukem

0
4 Desalegnwakjira house to Dukem no.1 school m2 500.00 2.940,00 566.630,40 I Dukem

5 140 Asfalt to Koticha Moasque m2 500.00 1.610,00 1.183.781,4 I Dukem

0
6 Faya school to yewubdar house m2 500.00 2.660,00 762.225,60 I Dukem

7 Lema house to Wedajo house m2 500.00 1.260,00 1.303.605,9 I Dukem

0
8 IshetusafaraBkonana to coble m2 500.00 3,220.00 1.247.516,1 I Dukem
0
9 rahama house to dawite house m2 500.00 3,220.00 1.107.026,4 I Dukem
0
10 old rail way to fasika house m2 500.00 3,220.00 323.268,60 I Dukem

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11 Old Railway Toto Gizachow House m2 500.00 3,220.00 309.692,40 I Dukem

12 Existing Ditch To Dabi House m2 500.00 3,220.00 803.984,40 I Dukem

13 Nugusu To Existing Ditch m2 500.00 1.400,00 507.674,40 I Dukem

14 Habtamu House Itetu House m2 500.00 1.120,00 365.139,60 I Dukem

15 Police office to Mendelo school m2 500.00 3.600,00 1.319.349,6 I Dukem

0
16 OldaAsfalt to Dr.Warku m2 500.00 2.940,00 566.630,40 I Dukem

2 Gravel 4,000,000.0 I Duke

0 m

1 NaannooGabaaMoofaaHangaBlto,KeellaaBaabubraaHangaD Km 314.29/m 5 720.000,00 I Dukem

aggafaaDamee
2

2 hadiidaahangamanaIzaanaa Km 314.29/m 2 450.000,00 I Dukem

2
3 manaGoshimeeZawudee.GilleeZawudeehangahadiidaa Km 314.29/m 2 450.000,00 I Dukem
2
4 manawandimmaagenyhangaHaddidaa Km 314.29/m 1.2 563,500.00 I Dukem
2
5 manaMokonninBalaayhangamanaAddisuuAlaqaa Km 314.29/m 1 500,000.00 I Dukem
2
6 NaannooLiizii Oolmaa Dargaggoo kootichaa Km 314.29/m 1.2 563,500.00 I Dukem
2
7 managazzaahenyNuguseehangamanaobboosiyumee Km 314.29/m 1.35 603,000.00 I Dukem
2
8 Naannoo city Paarkii Km 314.29/m 0.8 213,500.00 I Dukem
2

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9 NaannooManneenHojjettotaamootummaa Km 314.29/m 1.2 563.500,00 I Dukem

2

10 Kootichanaannoo Bale real state duuba Km 314.29/m 2 450.000,00 I Dukem

2

3 Road Structure 2,500,000.0

0
1 Culvert and slab crossing on different site No 66,666.67 100,000.00 2,500,000.0 I Dukem
0
4 Street Light 3,200,000.0
0
1 Street light for new developing site Km 3,000,000. 3 3,000,000.0 I Dukem
00 0
2 Light meter No 6,666.67 30 200,000.00 I Dukem

Sub-total Movement Network 20,700,000.

00
B WATER SUPPLY NETWORK
1 Water meter No 6,666.67 30 200,000.00 I Dukem

2 water line for expansion Km 1,500,000 1 1,500,000.0 I Dukem

0
.00
Sub-total Water Supply Network 1,700,000.0
0
C ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
1 Drainage 9,075,000.0 I Duke
0 m

1 shasha church to end coble ml 3103.748 220 577,868.29 I Dukem

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636

2 IshetuHouseb To Holiland School ml 3103.748 220 577,868.29 I Dukem

636

3 Yeshi house to High tension ml 3103.748 220 577,868.29 I Dukem

636

4 Alemayo house to Condominium ditch ml 2752.889 240 660,693.49 I Dukem

542

5 Bus station to Asfalt ml 2752.889 240 660,693.49 I Dukem

542

6 mesgid to old railway ml 2623.706 380 997,008.35 I Dukem

184

7 Kom. Negeso To Ketema Legese ml 2630.155 230 604,935.80 I Dukem

652

8 Ketema Legese to Aslude site ml 2287.093 150 343,064.00 I Dukem

333

9 Haile house to Abdulqadirsano House ml 3103.748 220 577,868.29 I Dukem

636

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10 Gogecha Kebele To Elsewdy ml 3103.748 220 577,868.29 I Dukem

636

11 Tedecha Health center to 40m Raod ml 3103.748 220 577,868.29 I Dukem

636

Sub-total Environmental Services 9,075,000.0

0
ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SERVICES
1 G+6 Dukem Adminstration % 100 36,365,036. 36,365,036. I Dukem
00 00
 2 OdaNabe G+2 School Blo 1 8,500,000.0 8,500,000.0 I Dukem
ck 0 0
 3 MSE Cluster Blo 1 6,000,000.0 6,000,000.0 I Dukem
ck 0 0
4 Health Center Operation Room Blo 1 1,106,222.0 1,106,222.0 I Dukem
ck 0 0
5 Koticha and Gogeha school fence % 100 1,000,000.0 1,000,000.0 I Dukem
0 0
6 Plant Station Net % 100 1,000,000.0 1,000,000.0 I Dukem
0 0
7 Tedecha Health Center Additional Block Blo 1 2,500,000.0 2,500,000.0 I Dukem
ck 0 0
8 Dairy and poultry House Blo 2 500,000.00 1,000,000.0 I Dukem
ck 0
9 Urban Agriculture center % 100 20,000,000. 20,000,000. I Dukem
00 00
10 Kera Blo 1 5,000,000.0 5,000,000.0 I Dukem
ck 0 0
11 Slaughtery House Blo 1 10,000,000. 10,000,000. I Dukem

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ck 00 00
12 Security Office Blo 1 1,500,000.0 1,500,000.0 I Dukem
ck 0 0
13 Red cross Pharmacy Blo 1 700,000.00 700,000.00 I Dukem
ck
14 Cattle Market Fence % 100 2,000,000.0 2,000,000.0 I Dukem
0 0
15 Secondary school % 100 32,000,000. 32,000,000. I Dukem
00 00
Sub-total Economic & Social Services 128,671,25
8.00
CONSULTING SERVICE AND CAPACITY BUILDING
 1 Dump truck No 2 2,100,000.0 4,200,000.0 I Dukem
0 0
2 Grader No 1 3,400,000.0 3,400,000.0 I Dukem
0 0
3 Shower Truck No 1 1,000,000.0 1,000,000.0 I Dukem
0 0
4 Pick up No 1 2,000,000.0 2,000,000.0 I Dukem
0 0
5 Motor Bike No 4 80,000.00 320,000.00 I Dukem

6 Bajaj No 2 150,000.00 300,000.00 I Dukem

7 Tractor No 1 1,187,274.0 1,187,274.0 I Dukem

0 0
8 Mini Bus No 1 2,500,000.0 2,500,000.0 I Dukem
0 0
9 Pick Up No 1 1,897,000.0 1,897,000.0 I Dukem
0 0
10 Environmental Impact test Apparatus No 1 425,000.00 425,000.00 I Dukem

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11 Culture Center Hall Design % 100 300,000.00 300,000.00 I Dukem

12 City Cadaster % 100 997,000.00 997,000.00 I Dukem

Sub-total Capacity Building,Consulting service 18,526,274.

00
ONGOING PROJECTS
1 Koticha youth center % 100 8,500,000.0 8,500,000.00 I Dukem
0
2 G+2 Dukem No.2 school % 100 4,852,764.0 4,852,764.00 I Dukem
0
3 Kera Koticha Asphalt Concrete road % 100 58,000,000. 58,000,000.0 I Dukem
00 0
4 Metoarba-Tedech Asphalt Concrete road % 100 50,000,000. 50,000,000.0 I Dukem
00 0
5 Solar Street Light % 100 3,500,000.0 3,500,000.00 I Dukem
0
6 Gogecha school staff room % 100 250,000.00 250,000.00 I Dukem

7 01 police office % 100 1,000,000.0 1,000,000.00 I Dukem

0
8 Health Center Greenery % 100 454,363.00 454,363.00 I Dukem

 9 Open Masonry ditch Maintenance % 100 65,000.00 65,000.00 I Dukem

10 Cobblestone road Maintenance % 100 302,700.00 302,700.00 I Dukem

11 Street Light % 100 5,520,000.0 5,520,000.00 I Dukem

0
12 MSE Shop % 100 795,200.00 795,200.00 I Dukem

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13 Agriculture Office Waiting room and Guard house % 100 290,000.00 290,000.00 I Dukem

14 Café Tuma G+4 Building % 100 2,000,000.0 2,000,000.00 I Dukem

0
Sub-total On Going projects 135,530,02
7.00
TOTAL 314,202,55
9.00

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10. STEP 8:BUILD THE MAINTENANCE PLAN

10.1. General

T
he role of maintenance to ensure proper functioning of the urban economy and social
system cannot be over emphasized. Maintenance has very important bearing on both
the physical and economic lives and performance of infrastructure and urban facilities.
Infrastructure deterioration and break down are though inevitable but they are controllable. That
can only be achieved through effective maintenance, which is again possible only through proper
maintenance plan, program, and efficient implementation of the program.

As onward steps towards establishing sustainable maintenance management as integral part of

municipal function and asset management system; the three years maintenance program is
prepared based on the condition assessments and preparation of maintenance budget guide that
have been developed in the previous sections.

The maintenance plan presents the three years maintenance schedules and summarizes
maintenance needs identified in former step and the recommended maintenance measures. The
maintenance plan should also entail prioritizing the maintenance need at least for 2011 EFY and
generally will insight the overall maintenance program to be executed in the three years project
period.

10.2. The Maintenance Budget for Routine and Periodic Maintenance

Activities
A summary of routine and periodic maintenance for each activity area of the city are presented in
tabular form in the below table. The maintenance activity for each feature class of the asset also
described in the below table under maintenance deficit portion. Routine and periodic
maintenance are supposed to be normal maintenance activities that should be performed to retain
an asset that are found in good condition with intent to minimize and prevent from any risks of
failure, damages and deteriorations.

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Normal maintenance comprises actions performed to preserve an asset in its desired condition or
standard and sets out to prevent failure by providing systematic inspection and monitoring to
detect prevent deterioration and or failure and includes from testing to confirm correct operation.

According to the revised AMP manual, a maximum maintenance budget of 20% of the 10% of
CIP budget would be allocated to routine and periodic maintenance and the rest 80% would be
allocated to the maintenance backlog. Thus, the maximum budget for normal maintenance
activity from the CIP would be Birr 4,615,000.00 for 2013 EFY, which addresses only 11.4% of
the total normal maintenance need that is 40,485,461.60. However, the city has not allocated
budget for normal maintenance activities, which are found in the condition assessment.

Table 131: Routine and Periodic Maintenance Summary

S.no Strategic Activity Area and Feature Class Routine and Periodic Maintenance
(Br)
I. The Movement Network Assets
Road
1 Cobble Stone Road 19.630.800,00
2 Gravel Road 16.175.600,00
3 Earth Pressed Road
4 Red Ash Road 601,650.00
36.408.050,00
Pedestrian Walkway
1 Terrazzo/Clay Tile 12,618.00
12,618.00
Road Structures
1 Culvert 6,000.00
2 Road Slab Crossing 85,000
91,000.00
1 Street Light 37,500.00
2 Road Furniture 52,548.64
90,048.64
The Movement Network total 36,593,716.64
II. Water Supply Network Assets
2.1 Transmission network -
2.2 Distribution network -
2.3 Public stand pipe (water point) -
2.4 Air Valve -
2.5 Valve chamber -
2.6 Bore hole -
2.7 Pump -
2.8 Reservoir -
Water Supply Total -

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III. Environmental Strategic Area

3.1 Drainage 2,759,790.00
3.2 Flood Control structure -
3.3 Sanitation -
3.4 Solid Waste management -
3.5 Parks, Greenery, Road Median 23,807.56
and Street Greenery
Environmental Strategic Area Total 2,783,597.56
IV. Social and Economic Strategic Area
4.1 Administrative Building 90,911.20
4.2 Educational Buildings 87,449.64
4.3 Health Service Buildings 55,927.98
4.4 Youth Center Buildings -
4.5 MSE Buildings 204,550.00
4.6 Municipal Markets 6,887.74
4.7 Housing Buildings 31,500.00
4.8 Other Buildings 1,020.83
Social & Economic Strategic Area Total 478,247.39
V. Supporting Services
5.2 Machineries and Vehicles 589,900.00
5.3 Fences 40,000.00
Supporting Services Total 629,900.00
Total Maintenance Cost
40,485,461.60

10.3. Maintenance Deficit Summary

The total amount of the maintenance backlog including the for the existing assets is
approximately about Birr 122.49Million. The share of routine and periodic maintenance is about
Birr 40.485 Million as presented above and the rest Birr 82.005 Million is the accumulated
maintenance deficit.

Table 132: Maintenance Deficit Summary

S.no Strategic Activity Area and Routine and Eliminating Total
Feature Class Periodic Maintenance Deficit Maintenance
Maintenance (Br) (Birr) Need (Birr)
I. The Movement Network Assets
Road
1 Cobble Stone Road 19,630,800.00 3,742,900.00 23,373,700.00
2 Earth Pressed Road - 564,270.00 564,270.00
3 Gravel Road 16,175,600.00 31,798,200.00 47,973,800.00
4 Red Ash Road 601,650.00 3,981,775.00 4,583,425.00
36,408,050.00 40,087,145.00 76,495,195.00
Pedestrian Walkway

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1 Terrazzo/Clay Tile 12,618.00 12,618.00

12,618.00 12,618.00
Road Structures
1 Culvert 6,000.00 6,000.00
2 Road Slab Crossing 85,000 530,000.00 607,000.00
91,000.00 530,000.00 613,000.00
1 Street Light 37,500.00 37,500.00
2 Road Furniture 52,548.64 75,000.00 127,548.64
90,048.64 75,000.00 165,048.64
The Movement Network total 36,593,716,64 40,692,145.00 77,285,861.64
II. Water Supply Network Assets
2.1 Transmission network - 2,185,000.00 2,185,000.00
2.2 Distribution network - 24,402,000.00 24,402,000.00
2.3 Public stand pipe (water point) - 280,000.00 280,000.00
2.4 Air Valve - 400.00 400.00
2.5 Valve chamber - 24,000.00 24,000.00
2.6 Bore hole - 3,600,000.00 3,600,00.00
2.7 Pump - 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00
2.8 Reservoir - 1,700,000.00 1,700,000.00
Water Supply Total - 34,691,400.00 34,691,400.00
III. Environmental Strategic Area
3.1 Drainage 2,759,790.00 1,500,620.00 4,260,410.00
3.2 Flood Control structure - 1,223,908.47 1,223,908.47
3.3 Sanitation - 10,512.00 10,512.00
3.4 Solid Waste management - 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00
3.5 Parks, Greenery, Road Median 23,807.56 9,231.23 33,038.79
and Street Greenery
Environmental Strategic Area Total 2,783,597.56 4,244,271.70 7,027,869.26
IV. Social and Economic Strategic Area
4.1 Administrative Building 90,911.20 56,614.30 147,525.50
4.2 Educational Buildings 87,449.64 272,553.04 360,002.68
4.3 Health Service Buildings 55,927.98 168,500.00 224,427.98
4.4 Youth Center Buildings - 109,206.55 109,206.55
4.5 MSE Buildings 204,550.00 241,500.00 446,050.00
4.6 Municipal Markets 6,887.74 105,000.00 111,887.74
4.7 Housing Buildings 31,500.00 1,314,000.00 1,345,500.00
4.8 Other Buildings 1,020.83 50,000.00 51,020.83
Social & Economic Strategic Area Total 478,247.39 2,317,373.89 2,795,621.28
V. Supporting Services
5.2 Machineries and Vehicles 589,900.00 - 589,900.00
5.3 Fences 40,000.00 60,000.00 100,000.00
Supporting Services Total 629,900.00 60,000.00 689,900.00
Total Maintenance Cost
40,485,461.60 82,005,190.6 122,490,652.20

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10.4. Prioritizing the Budget for Maintenance Deficit Reduction

The municipal staff undertake budgeting for the first project year, the study team considers the
condition assessment for all activity area, and prioritization is done with respect to the budget by
incorporating asset demand and other pre-determined criteria. The criteria provided by the AMP
manuals that have been taken into account while prioritizing includes –

1. Creating an Equitable Balance between Different Strategic Activity Areas

Here the list of strategic areas, i.e. the movement network, environmental services; and the social
and economic services, provides a good basis for evaluation. Note that the maintenance of water
supply assets (the fourth major activity area) operates within its own budgetary framework and
as a result is excluded from this process, although the next bullet points on internal prioritization
are equally relevant to that activity area.

2. Create an Equitable Balance within Each Strategic Activity Area

This is particularly relevant to the road movement network where there is often a strong
imbalance in favor of gravel road maintenance.

3. Integrate an Asset Strategy in the Prioritization of Maintenance Projects

The third criteria are applicable to all four main activity areas. This is the one brought forward
from the prioritization process for new works projects, namely reviewing projects in terms of an
asset strategy. In the case of maintenance prioritization, the concept of an asset strategy is also
valid. However, the strategic focus is of a more practical nature, with three areas of importance:
utilization/demand; negative impact; and community needs.

10.4.1. Maintenance Activity of Movement Network Assets

In movement, network activity area each maintenance activity is described in detail and the
priority level of maintenance activity also putted within the feature class.

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Table 133: Proposed Maintenance Activities to Address the Maintenance deficit-MN

Feature Class Deterioration Maintenance Activity Priority
Type
Cobble Lifting of Lift out cobblestone in demarcated area. Clean the 2
Stone Cobble Stone bed. Lay down a layer of clean, graded sand and
compact. Lay new cobblestones
Depression Lift out cobblestone in demarcated area. Clean the 1
bed. Add sub-base material and compact. Lay a
sand bed and compact. Lay new cobblestones.
Cobble Edge Lift out cobblestone in demarcated area. Clean the 2
Failure bed. Add sub-base material if required and compact.
Lay a sand bed and compact. Lay new cobblestones.
Earth Channeling Channels less than 20cm wide, clean out channel, 2
Pressed fill with graded material and compact by hand
Depression Clean out depression. fill with clean, sieved material 1
and compact
Gravel Depression Clean out depression, fill with graded material and 1
compact by machine
Red Ash Depression Clean out depression, fill with graded material and 1
compact by machine
Wash Away Channels greater than 30cm wide, clean out 2
channel, fill with graded material and compact by
machine
Channeling Channels less than 20cm wide, clean out channel, 3
fill with graded material and compact by hand

Non Compacting the borrowed red ash with a handheld 3

Compaction compacting machine or roller machine
Bridge and Slab Failure Replacing wearing surface, crack seal surface, pave 1
Culvert full width, seal joint between edge of paving and
face of wall, pointing masonry, repair barriers,
safety features, slab maintenance, replace walls, saw
cut around deterioration, patch with concrete, patch
delaminating , replace deck and floor beam/ column
Siltation Cleaning bottom and place concrete in bottom, 2
install liner plate if capacity allows, remove trees in
vicinity of culvert, weld short piece of rebar across
the crack on every other corrugation, replace
headwall, excavate and jack back into shape then re-
bed and properly backfill, excavate and re-
waterproof

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Crack Replacing wearing surface, crack seal surface, pave 2

full width, seal joint between edge of paving and
face of wall, pointing masonry, repair barriers,
safety features, slab maintenance, replace walls, saw
cut around deterioration, patch with concrete, patch
delaminating, replace deck and floor beam/ column
Abutment Replacing wearing surface, crack seal surface, pave 1
Failure full width, seal joint between edge of paving and
face of wall, pointing masonry, repair barriers,
safety features, slab maintenance, replace walls, saw
cut around deterioration, patch with concrete, patch
delaminating, replace deck and floor beam/ column

Street Non Maintenance of street lighting comprises scheduled 1

Light Functional inspection and maintenance activity of road patrol,
bulk lamp replacement and pole inspection
Traffic Non Inspection and servicing of point of supply, 1
Light Functional electrical switchboard, cables and connections, pits
and conduits, traffic signal controller and other
Traffic Not visible equipment
Keep road signs visible and legible 1
Sign

10.4.2. Maintenance Activity of Water Supply Network Assets

Table 134: Proposed Maintenance Activities to Address the Maintenance Deficit-Water assets
Asset Type Maintenance Activity Priority
Above Ground Regular inspection, repair damages and leakages, maintain from any 1
Water Lines risks causes breakage, and replace and /or upgrade if severely
damaged and needs to raise the capacity.
Below Ground Regular inspection, repair damages and leakages, maintain from any 2
Water Lines risks causes breakage, and replace and /or upgrade if severely
damaged and needs to raise the capacity.

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10.4.3. Maintenance Activity of Environmental Activity Area Assets

Table 135: Proposed Maintenance Activities to Address the Maintenance Deficit-Environmental

activity area
Asset Type Maintenance activity Priority
Drainage Clearing and cleaning of drain systems especially for open 1
Networks drainage systems is using human power. So that, desilting drains
Desilting and sewers is one of the best ways to ensure drainage system to
fully operational and greatly reduces the risk of flooding from wet
weather
Communal frequent inspection, preventive maintenance and correcting the 2
Toilets existing damage
Public Toilets Frequent inspection, preventive maintenance and correcting the 2
existing damage
Greenery, Make clean, and suitable for the users 2
Playground and
street side green
Joint Damage Clean out the damaged area and reseal the affected joints with new mortar 2
Floor Damage Clean out the damaged area and construct floor with appropriate lower 1
grade concrete type and construct masonry and cover it if it is covered
drainage system
Wall Collapse Remove all damaged block back to the solid wall. Clean the joints and lay 1
new blocks.

10.4.4. Maintenance Activity of Social and economic and supportive Activity

Area Assets
Table 136: Proposed Maintenance Activities to Address the Maintenance Deficit-of social,
economic, and Supportive area
Buildings Regular inspection, Full servicing and repairing building components,
major repair and component replacement
Machinery & Repairs and replacing parts and components
Vehicles

10.5. Prioritized Asset Maintenance

The municipality future goal, as integral part of asset management, should be to establish
sustainable maintenance management system. The city current primary task in this respect is to
eliminate the accumulated maintenance deficit. The relatively lesser amount of maintenance
deficit of the city can be addressed within the shortest period.

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Table 137: Prioritization of Maintenance Activities to Address the Maintenance Deficit-

Movement Network
Strategic Activity Maintenance Activity Conditio Priority Condition Priority
Area and Feature n II I
Class
I. The Movement Network Assets
Road
Cobble Stone Road EdgeFailure+Depression+Lifting Moderate 1o Poor 1o
Earth Pressed Road Depression+Lifting Moderate 3o Poor 3o
Gravel Road Depression+Washaway+Channeling Moderate 1o Poor 1o
Red Ash Road Depression+Washaway+Channeling Moderate 1o Poor 1o

Table 138: Prioritization of Maintenance Activities to Address the Maintenance Deficit-

Environmental Network
Strategic Activity Maintenance Activity Conditio Priority Condition Priority
Area and Feature n II I
Class
II. The EnvironmentalActivity Assets
Drainage
Open Masonnry Floor Damage+Siltation Moderate 1o Poor 1o
drain
Cobble Line Drain Joint Damage+FloorDamage+Siltation Moderate 2o Poor 2o

Earhten drain Siltation Moderate 3o Poor 3o

Sanitation Cleaning and maintening Moderate 3o Poor 3o
Flood Controlling Siltation and deposition Moderate 3o Poor 3o
Solid Waste Cleaning and maintening Moderate 3o Poor 3o

Table 139: Prioritization of Maintenance Activities to Address the Maintenance Deficit-

Social and economic Network
Strategic Activity Maintenance Activity Conditio Priority Condition Priority
Area and Feature n II I
Class
III. The Social and Econoic network Assets
Road
Administrative Servicing+Repairing building components Moderate 1o Poor 1o
Building
Educational Servicing+Repairing building components Moderate 1o Poor 1o
Buildings
Health Service Servicing+Repairing building components Moderate 1o Poor 1o
Buildings
Youth Center Servicing+Repairing building components Moderate 3o Poor 3o
Buildings
MSE Buildings Servicing+Repairing building components Moderate 3o Poor 3o
Other Buildings Servicing+Repairing building components Moderate 3o Poor 3o
Housing Buildings Servicing+Repairing building components Moderate 3o Poor 3o

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10.6. Projects Proposed for Maintenance

The projects proposed for maintenance in the coming year are presented in the below tables by
activity areas.

Table 140: Summary of maintenance budget by startegic activity area

Asset Category Financial Plan of Maintenance for 2013 Years
2013 E.C
Movement Network 2,575,000.00
Water Supply -
Environmental Activity Area 2,000,000.00
Social and Economic Activity Area 40,000.00
Total cost of the CIP maintenance budget 4,615,000.00

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
rk ea ea
two y Ar y Ar
e it i t
ntN tiv tiv
e l Ac Ac
v em ta m
ic
o en o
M nm on
iro Ec
v d
En l an
cia
So

Figure 39: Summary of maintenance budget by strategic activity area

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Table 141: A summary of the budget allocated to the reduction of the maintenance deficit, by activity area
S/N Name of Project Uni Maintenance Condition Unit rate Qty Total cost Priority
o t activity Level
A Movement              
Network
1 Cobble Stone m2 EdgeFailure+Dep Moderate 403.01 1426. 575,000.00 I
Road including ression+Lifting +Poor 44
pedestrian
2 Gravel Road m2 Depression+Was Moderate 801.76 2494 2,000,000.00 I
haway+Channeli +Poor
ng
  Sub-total           2,575,000.00
Movement
Network
B Environmental          
Services
1 Open Masonry km Joint Moderate+ 176500 11.33 2,000,000.00 I
Drainage Damage+FloorD Poor
amage+Siltation+
Cover Material
  Sub-total           2,000,000.00
Environmental
Services
C Soocial and          
economic
1 MSE Shop m2 Servicing+Repair Moderate+ 320 125 40,000.00 I
ing building Poor
components
Sub-total Social 40,000.00
and Economic
Total Maintenance Cost 4,615,000.00

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11. STEP 9: CONVERT THE NEW WORKS PROJECTS

AND THE MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES BUDGETS TO A
3-YEAR ROLLING PROGRAM

T
he three years’ new works and maintenance projects are identified in the previous
sections. In parallel, the budget required for new works and maintenance projects
are estimated. In this section, efforts have made to summarize and convert the new
work project proposal and maintenance plan into three years rolling program.

11.1. The-3 years rolling plan for new works

The Plan proposes a total of about Birr 862,466,134.92for new works projects in the three
years rolling program excluding Birr needed for rehabilitation identified in the condition
assessment.

In line with the approved budget, the new projects quantities and budgets are structure within
the three project years as tabulated in the table below.

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Table 142:Structured New Works Projects around the 3 Years Implementation Program

No ECSPG Pillar & Project Name Un prio EFY 2013 EFY 2014 EFY 2015 Three Year Total
  it rity Qty Birr Qty Birr Qty Birr Qty Birr
A Movement Network                  
1 Roads Net Work                  
1.1 coble stone road km I 11,000,000.00 - 12,100,000.00 - 13,310,000.00 - 36,410,000.00
1.2 Gravel Road km I 4,000,000.00 - 4,400,000.00 - 4,840,000.00 - 13,240,000.00
2 Road Structure                  
2.1 Culvert No I 25.00 2,500,000.00 27.5 2,750,000.00 30.25 3,025,000.00 82.75 8,275,000.00
3. Road Furnitures
3.1 Street Light km I 3.00 3,000,000.00 3.30 3,300,000.00 3.63 3,630,000.00 9.93 9,930,000.00
3.2 Light Meter No I 30.00 200,000.00 33 220,000.00 36.3 242,000.00 99.3 662,000.00
Sub-total Movement Network   20,700,000.00 - 22,770,000.00 - 25,047,000.00 - 68,517,000.00
B Water Supply Network                  
1  Water Meter No I 200,000.00 - 220,000.00 - 242,000.00 - 662,000.00
2 Water Line km I 1,500,000.00 1,650,000.00 - 1,815,000.00 - 4,965,000.00
Sub-total Water Supply Network   1,700,000.00 1,870,000.00 2,057,000.00 5,627,000.00
C Economic & Social Services                  
1 G+6 Dukem Adminstration I 36,365,036.00 40,001,539.6   44,001,693.56   76,366,575,56
2 OdaNabe G+2 School I 8,500,000.00 9,350,000.00   10,285,000.00   28,135,000.00
3 MSE Cluster I 6,000,000.00 6,600,000.0   7,260,000.00   19,860,000.00
4 Health Center Operation Room I 1,106,222.00 1,216,844.20   1,338,528.62   3,661,594.82

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5 Koticha and Gogeha school fence I 1,000,000.00 1,100,000.0   1,210,000.00   3,310,000.00

6 Plant Station Net I 1,000,000.00 1,100,000.0   1,210.000.00   3,310,000.00
7 Tedecha Health Center Additional I 2,500,000.00 2.750.000.0   3.025.000.00   8,275,000.00
8 Dairy and poultry House I 1,000,000.00 1,100,000.0   1,210,000.00   3,310,000.00
9 Urban Agriculture center I 20,000,000.00 22,000,000.0   24,200,000.00   66,200,000.00
10 kera I 5,000,000.00 5,500,000.0   6,050,000.00   16,550,000.00
11 Slaughtery House I 10,000,000.00 11,000,000.0   12,100,000.00   33,100,000.00
12 Security Office I 1,500,000.00 1,650,000.0   1,815,000.00   4,965,000.00
13 Red cross Pharmacy I 700,000.00 770,000.0   847,000.00   2,317,000.00
14 Cattle Market Fence I 2,000,000.00 2,200,000.0   2,420,000,00   6,620,000.00
15 Secondary school I 32,000,000.00 35,200,000.0   38,720,000.00   105,920,000
Sub-total Economic & Social   128,671,258.00 141,538,383,8   155,692,222.18   425,901,863.98
Services
D Environmental Services                  
1 Drainage
1.1 Open Masonry drain km I 9,075,000.00 - 9,982,500.00 - 10,980,750.00 - 30,038,250.00
Subtotal Environmental Services   9,075,000.00 - 9,982,500.00 - 10,980,750.00 - 30,038,250.00
Consultancy Services and Capacity  
Building
1 Dump truck 4,200,000.00 4,620,000.0 5,082,000.00 13,902,000.00

2 Grader 3,400,000.00 3,740,000.0 4,114,000.00 11,254,000.00

3 Shower Truck 1,000,000.00 1,100,000.0 1,210,000.00 3,310,000.00

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4 Pick up 2,000,000.00 2,200,000.0 2,420,000.00 6,620,000.00

5 Motor Bike 320,000.00 352,000.0 387,200.00 1,059,200.00

6 Bajaj 300,000.00 330,000.0 363,000.00 993,000.00

7 Tractor 1,187,274.00 1,305,971.7 1,436,568.87 3,929,814.57

8 Mini Bus 2,500,000.00 2,750,000.0 3,025,000.00 8,275,000.00

9 Pick Up 1,897,000.00 2,086,700.0 2,295,370.00 6,279,070.00

10 Environmental Impact test 425,000.00 467,500.0 514,250.00 1,406,750.00

11 Culture Center Hall Design 300,000.00 330,000.0 363,000.00 993,000.00

12 City Cadaster 997,000.00 1,096,700.0 1,206,370.00 3,300,070.00

Subtotal Consultancy Services and   18,526,274.00 20,378,901.40 22,416,791.54 61,321,966.94

Capacity Bilding
Ongoing Projects

1 Koticha youth center 8,500,000.00

2 G+2 Dukem No.2 school 4,852,764.00

3 Kera Koticha Asphalt road 58,000,000.00

4 Metoarba-TedechAsphalt road 50,000,000.00

5 Solar Street Light 3,500,000.00

6 Gogecha school staff room 250,000.00

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7 01 police office 1,000,000.00

8 Health Center Greenery 454,363.00

9 Open Masonry ditch Maintenance 65,000.00

10 Cobblestone road Maintenance 302,700.00

11 Street Light 5,520,000.00

12 MSE Shop 795,200.00

13 Agriculture Office Waiting room 290,000.00

and Guard house
14 Café Tuma G+4 Building 2,000,000.00

Sub Total Ongoing 135,530,027.00 135,530,027.00

Total CIP   314,202,559.00 - 196,539,785.2 - 216,193,763.72 - 862,466,134.92

Grand Total Expenditure (CIP +   314,202,559.00 - 196,539,785.2 - 216,193,763.72 - 862,466,134.92

CBP)
Total Income   314,202,559.00 - 196,539,785.2 - 216,193,763.72 - 862,466,134.92

Surplus/Deficit   0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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Table 143: Summary of Approved 3-Year New Works Rolling Program by Strategic Activity
Areas
Financial Plan of Projects for Three Years
2013 E.C 2014 E.C 2015E.C Total project
Cost
Movement 20,700,000.00 6.58% 22,770,000.0 11.58% 25,047,000.00 11.58% 68,517,000.00
Network 0
Water Supply 1,700,000.00 0.54% 1,870,000.00 0.9% 2,057,000.00 0.9% 5,627,000.00
Environmental 9,075,000.00 2.89% 9,982,500.00 5.07% 10,980,750.00 5.07% 30,038,250.00
Activity Area
Social and 128,671,258.0 40.95% 141,538,383, 72.05% 155,692,222.1 72.05% 425,901,863.9
Economic 0 8 8 8
Activity Area
Consultancy
Services,
Capacity
Building, 18,526,274.00 5.89% 20,378,901.4 10.40% 22,416,791.54 10.40% 61,321,966.94
0
On Going 135,530,027.0 43.15% 135,530,027.0
projects 0 0
Total cost of 314,202,559.0 100.00 196,539,785. 100.00 216,193,763.7 100.00 862,466,134.9
the CIP 0 % 2 % 2 % 2
including
rolled

As can be seen from the Figure below, the lion share of the proposed new work projects are for
the accomplishment of Ongoing projects. Social and economic activity area is the next focused
area of the municipality which constitutes a good proportion of the proposed projects in the next
year.

1000000000
800000000
600000000
400000000
200000000
0
rk ly re
a
re
a g, ts d 2013 E.C
wo pp A A in jec olle
t u ld o r 2014 E.C
e rS ity ity Bu
i r g
n tN a te ctiv ctiv y n gp din 2015 E.C
t i
em
e W lA ic
A ci Go clu
v n ta m apa n P
in Total project Cost
o e no ,C O I
M
onm Eco ces h eC
i t
vir an
d rv
to
f
En l y Se s
cia nc al
co
So u lta ot
ns T
Co

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Figure 40: Three years rolling plan of new works by strategic activity area

11.2. The 3-Year Rolling Program for Maintenance Projects

The three - year rolling program for maintenance projects are identified and would be included in
the city three years midterm financial plan. The total estimated maintenance budget for three
years rolling program is about Birr 15.275 Million. It is proposed based on the identified
maintenance gap and backlogs, prioritization and considering financial capacity of the
municipality. Following is the summary of maintenance plan by strategic activity area.

Table 144: Three Years Rolling Program Summary for Maintenance Projects
Strategic Activity Maintenance Deficit Distribution for the Three Years Rolling   Total
Area Plan Maintenance
2013 EC   2014 EC   2015EC   Need (Birr)
The Movement 2,575,000.00 55.79% 2,832,500.00 55.79% 3,115,750.00 55.79% 8,523,250.00
Network total
Water Supply -
Total
Environmental 2,000,000.00 43.33% 2,200,000.00 43.33% 2,420,000.00 43.33% 6,620,000.00
Strategic Area
Total
Social & 40,000.00 0.88% 44,000.00 0.88% 48,400.00 0.88% 132,400.00
Economic
Strategic Area
Total
  4,615,000.00 1.00 5,076,500.00 1.00 5,584,150.00 1.00 15,275,650.00

16000000
12000000
8000000
4000000
0 2013 EC
al al al al 2014 EC
tot Tot Tot Tot
r k ly a a 2015 EC
wo pp Are A re
et Su ic ic Total
tN er teg teg
en at tra ra
em W lS c St
ov ta i
en om
eM m on
Th on Ec
vir &
En ic al
So

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Figure 41: 3 years rolling maintenance by strategic activity area.

Like to new works projects, the largest proportion of maintenance projects is proposed for
movement networks. Social and economic activity area and environmental activity area covers
the rest of budget.

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12. STEP 10: MANAGE THE TRANSITION OF ALL

COMPLETED NEW WORKS AND MAINTENANCE
PROJECTS ACROSS TO THE EXISTING ASSETS
DATABASES
12.1. General

A
ll steps to be undertaken for the preparation of AMP are consecutively presented in
nine steps mentioned above. Well established AMP also needs effective
implementation strategy including monitoring system and measuring performance to
ensure the process and outcomes in the most effective manner and continuous improvement the
way that is done. On the other hand, the development of an asset management implementation
strategy, like the development of a comprehensive plan requires a long-term view and the
engagement of the leadership and staffs of all sectoral offices of the city administration. It has to
be noted that the implementation strategy will not be static and it needs to be reviewed
periodically as part of a continuous improvement cycle. It is also important to remember that
asset management plan is not only a plan as such; rather it is a program or process that relates to
all the municipal functions and operation. In respect to implementation procedures of AMP
maintaining database and ensuring the ongoing integrity of the data will be the primary task. In
order to do so and ensuring the effective implementation of the AMP, the first task is to arrange
and fulfill essential institutional requirements. That will include fulfilling all necessary hardware
and software requirement and creation of clear institutional responsibilities and duties. In
general, the city will follow the following implementation procedures.

12.2. Fulfilling institutional requirement

The City Administration should fulfill the following requirement

 Providing GIS training for core staffs who will be involved in the implementation of asset
management function and related works,
 Assign competent AMP focal persons for database management,
 Fulfill the required Hardware and Software: There should be high capacity computer in
AMP unit to work with the GIS software, together with external drive to back up the data.

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 Fulfill the required Software; the city administration and the AMP team should have an
official copy of the latest version of ArcInfo, the GIS software from ESRI.
12.3. Implementation and Monitoring Procedures for New works and
Maintenance Projects

This section of implementation procedures dwells on developing system for managing transition
of new works and maintenance projects in to existing assets. The meaning of transition in this
context describes the process by which new works and maintenance projects once known as new
plans and then new capital investment project during construction get status of existing asset
after completion of construction and handed over to the city. Managing of the transition requires
tracking and recording of new works and maintenance projects along the way they pass through,
starting from checking whether they exist on the planning list and looking after the processes, till
the completed assets are handed over to project owners. The overall activities to be undertaken
for effective transition of the projects can be organized in to three core activities of project
management, procurement management and construction management. Besides, it requires
cordial effort of the key expertise to be engaged in carrying out the core activities, namely,
project manager of works, the procurement specialist and the construction manager. Therefore,
the overall activities to be undertaken for managing of the transitions are systematically
organized in the recently prepared Asset Management Manual (MUDH, 2016) in such a way that
could be easily understood and practiced by implementing bodies as follows.

 Confirmation of the final list of all New Works projects.

 Tracking start and end dates of new works projects, i.e. the project agreement and
project completion dates; and enter these in the New Works database.
 When works have been completed check that the ‘as built’ project corresponds to
the original project as planned. If it has changed update the database to reflect the
changes. These changes include both spatial and financial changes
 Carry forward the list of completed projects handed over to the city and ensure
that the information pertaining to every completed project is into the spatial and
attribute databases of the AMP.
 Confirm the final list of all maintenance activities for each of the three years.

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 Track the start and end dates for each maintenance activity and enter these in the
TDS 5
 Once each maintenance activity has been completed, change the condition
indicator for the asset in question to reflect the new status.

Similarly, the procedures to be followed for undertaking these activities are presented as follows.

A. Tracking Past Projects and Maintenance Activities

Tracking and evaluation of past projects not only tells trends of past performance and the actual
capacity of project implementing entity, it also gives opportunity to learn from past practices so
as to minimize weaknesses and scale up strengths in the future. As AMP is due for completion
towards the end of the (Ethiopian Calendar) year, it is not possible to provide a complete analysis
for the year in which the assessment of existing assets is being carried out. Thus, the analysis
should begin by focusing on the previous year, i.e.; AMP year minus 2, where a full set of
statistics should be available to make trust worthy tracking process. This provides the
comparative analysis. The tables below provide templates for measuring the performance of new
works projects and maintenance activities respectively. The table for maintenance activities is
more comprehensive because it is able to draw on activities completed in the year. Also, this is
the more important table for the AMP since the maintenance performance is more directly
associated with the AMP, whereas the performance of new works project starts falls under the
CIP.

Table 145: Sample Financial and Physical project progress report of 2011 EFY

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SN Project Name Unit Measu Estimated Contart Starting Completio Physical and
rement Amount Amount Date n date Financial
achievement
todate
A COBBLE STONE ROAD              
1 Tesfaye Mandebo to RahelKifle (Koticha ) m phy
sintayehuBulng to 2011 new ditch (koticha)
ETB Fin

2 Tesemaseketa to Alemayo House (Tedecha) m Phy

Birhanu kebede –TesfuTekle (Tedecha) ETB Fin
3 Elpa Substation to HailuTeferi House (01) m phy
New Market to Old Railway (mosque)(01) ETB fin
4 Dukem No.1 school to Keneni House (01) m Phy
ETB Fin
5 Tesfaye Mandebo to RahelKifle (Koticha ) m Phy
sintayehuBulng to 2011 new ditch (koticha) ETB Fin
6 Tesemaseketa to Alemayo House (Tedecha) m Phy
Birhanu kebede –TesfuTekle (Tedecha) ETB Fin
7 Elpa Substation to HailuTeferi House (01) m Phy
New Market to Old Railway (mosque)(01)
ETB Fin
8 Dukem No.1 school to Keneni House (01) m Phy
ETB Fin
  TOTAL    
B GRAVEL ROADS    
  OdaNabe gravel road m Phy
1 ETB Fin
2 TedechaMahberbetochseferTedecha Backlog m Phy

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sefer ETB Fin

  Koticha Lease sefer(besides of China plc) m Phy

3 ETB Fin
4 Koticha dibdibe and around m Phy
OdaNabe gravel road ETB Fin
  TOTAL    

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B. Tracking New Works Projects

As mentioned above, tracking of new works and the subsequent management of the new works
projects requires integrated efforts of the AMP team and the associated expertise, including
project manager, procurement specialist and construction manager. Implementation time of
planned projects could be affected by procurement or financial flow which in turn needs the
input of the procurement specialist to amend the starting and end date of construction or
completely remove the project from the list. In addition, the tracking process shall be
complemented by recording of new projects on database and processing of the data using GIS
analysis tools. The list below covers all the key dates that should be noted and entered into the
fields provided in the new works projects database.

 Approval
 Date of tender invitation
 Date of tender closure
 Date of signing of a contract
 Date of start of activity
 Date of project completion
 Date of handover to the city
 Date when the new projects is entered into the database for existing assets

C. Tracking Approved Maintenance Activities

Similarly, the monitoring and tracking of maintenance activities requires inputs of infrastructure
specialist who will most likely manage the maintenance program and procurement specialist who
will work on cost and time adjustment. Moreover, it shall be complemented by recording
relevant data on the database and analysing the raw data using GIS analysis tools so as to track
maintenance activities in better level of accuracy. The list below covers all the key dates that
should be noted and entered into the fields provided in the maintenance planning database.

 Approval
 Date of signing of a contract
 Date of start of activity

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 Date of completion of activity

 Date when the condition of the asset is updated

D.BuildThe Implementation Schedule For New Works Projects For Year 1

The table below shows CIP year 1 projects for tracking and register to asset management plan.

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Table 146: Implementation Schedule of All New works 2012

S/ Name of Project Un Qty EFY 2012 Appr Date Dat Date Dat Project Da Da
No it ETB oval of e of of e of comple te te
date tender ten contr start tion of of
invita der act of date ha as
tion clos sign proj nd set
e ect ov re
er g.
A MOVEMENT NETWORK
1 Cobble stone 11,000,00
0.00
2
1 Asfalt to Bus station m 1.400 507.674,4
0
,00

2 Misrak Hotel to Old Railway m2 1.120 365.139,6

0
,00

3 Asefa Garage to Stadium m2 3.600 1.319.349,

60
,00

4 Desalegnwakjira house to Dukem no.1 school m2 2.940 566.630,4

0
,00

5 140 Asfalt to Koticha Moasque m2 1.610 1.183.781,

40
,00

6 Faya school to yewubdar house m2 2.660 762.225,6

0
,00

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7 Lema house to Wedajo house m2 1.260 1.303.605,

90
,00

8 IshetusafaraBkonana to coble m2 3,220 1.247.516,

10
.00

9 rahama house to dawite house m2 3,220 1.107.026,

40
.00

10 old rail way to fasika house m2 3,220 323.268,6

0
.00

11 Old Railway Toto Gizachow House m2 3,220 309.692,4

0
.00

12 Existing Ditch To Dabi House m2 3,220 803.984,4

0
.00

13 Nugusu To Existing Ditch m2 1.400 507.674,4

0
,00

14 Habtamu House Itetu House m2 1.120 365.139,6

0
,00

15 Police office to Mendelo school m2 3.600 1.319.349,

60
,00

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16 OldaAsfalt to Dr.Warku m2 2.940 566.630,4

0
,00

2 Gravel 4,000,000.
00
1 NaannooGabaaMoofaaHangaBlto,KeellaaBaabubraaH km 5 720.000,0
angaDaggafaaDamee 0
2 hadiidaahangamanaIzaanaa km 2 450.000,0
0
3 manaGoshimeeZawudee.GilleeZawudeehangahadiida km 2 450.000,0
a 0
4 manawandimmaagenyhangaHaddidaa km 1.2 563,500.0
0

5 manaMokonninBalaayhangamanaAddisuuAlaqaa km 1 500,000.0
0

6 NaannooLiizii Oolmaa Dargaggoo kootichaa km 1.2 563,500.0

0

7 managazzaahenyNuguseehangamanaobboosiyumee km 1.35 603,000.0

0
8 Naannoo city Paarkii km 0.8 213,500.0
0

9 NaannooManneenHojjettotaamootummaa 1.2 563.500,0

0
10 Kootichanaannoo Bale real state duuba 2 450.000,0
0
3 Road Structure

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1 Culvert and slab crossing on different site No 25 2,500,000.

00

4 Street Light

1 Street light for new developing site Km 3 3,000,000.

00

2 Light meter No 30 200,000.0

0

Sub-total Movement Network 20,700,00

0.00

WATER SUPPLY
1 Water meter No 30

2 water line for expansion Km 1

Sub-total Water Supply Network 1,700,000.

00
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITY AREA
1 Drainage 9,075,000.
00
1 shasha church to end coble ml 220 577,868.2
9
2 IshetuHouseb To Holiland School ml 220 577,868.2
9
3 Yeshi house to High tension ml 220 577,868.2
9

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4 Alemayo house to Condominium ditch ml 240 660,693.4

9

5 Bus station to Asfalt ml 240 660,693.4

9

6 mesgid to old railway ml 380 997,008.3

5

7 Kom. Negeso To Ketema Legese ml 230 604,935.8

0

8 Ketema Legese to Aslude site ml 150 343,064.0

0

9 Haile house to Abdulqadirsano House ml 220

577,868.2
9
10 Gogecha Kebele To Elsewdy ml 220 577,868.2
9
11 Tedecha Health center to 40m Raod ml 220 577,868.2
9
Sub-total Environmental Services 9,075,000.
00
ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SERVICES
1 G+6 Dukem Adminstration % 100 36,365,03
6.00
2 OdaNabe G+2 School Blo 1 8,500,000.
ck 00
3 MSE Cluster Blo 1 6,000,000.
ck 00

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4 Health Center Operation Room Blo 1

1,106,222.
ck 00
5 Koticha and Gogeha school fence %100 1,000,000.
00
6 Plant Station Net % 100 1,000,000.
00
7 Tedecha Health Center Additional Block Blo 1 2,500,000.
ck 00
8 Dairy and poultry House Blo 2 1,000,000.
ck 00
9 Urban Agriculture center % 100 20,000,00
0.00
10 kera Blo 1 5,000,000.
ck 00
11 Slaughtery House Blo 1 10,000,00
ck 0.00
12 Security Office Blo 1 1,500,000.
ck 00
13 Red cross Pharmacy Blo 1 700,000.0
ck 0
14 Cattle Market Fence % 100 2,000,000.
00
15 Secondary school % 100 32,000,00
0.00
Sub-total Economic & Social Services 128,671,2
58.00
CONSULTING,CAPACITY BUILDING
1 Dump truck No 2 4,200,000.
00
2 Grader No 1 3,400,000.
00

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3 Shower Truck No 1 1,000,000.

00
4 Pick up No 1 2,000,000.
00
5 Motor Bike No 4 320,000.0
0
6 Bajaj No 2 300,000.0
0
7 Tractor No 1 1,187,274.
00
8 Mini Bus No 1 2,500,000.
00
9 Pick Up No 1 1,897,000.
00
10 Environmental Impact test Apparatus No 1 425,000.0
0
11 Culture Center Hall Design % 100 300,000.0
0
12 City Cadaster % 100 997,000.0
0
Sub-total Capacity Building,Consulting service 18,526,27
4.00
ON GOING PROJECTS
1 Koticha youth center % 100 8,500,000.
00
2 G+2 Dukem No.2 school % 100 4,852,764.
00
3 KeraKoticha Asphalt road % 100 58,000,00
0.00
4 Metoarba-Tedech Asphalt road % 100 50,000,00
0.00

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5 Solar Street Light % 100 3,500,000.

00
6 Gogecha school staff room % 100 250,000.0
0
7 01 police office % 100 1,000,000.
00
8 Health Center Greenery % 100 454,363.0
0
9 Open Masonry ditch Maintenance % 100 65,000.00

10 Cobblestone road Maintenance % 100 302,700.0

0
11 Street Light % 100 5,520,000.
00
12 MSE Shop % 100 795,200.0
0
13 Agriculture Office Waiting room and Guard house % 100 290,000.0
0
14 Café Tuma G+4 Building % 100 2,000,000.
00
Sub-total On Going projects 135,530,0
27.00
TOTAL 314,202,5
59.00

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12.4. Identify Different Potential Funding for the New Work

The funding sources for the new works are different according to the type of the works and the
administered body. The regional government, community participation and the municipality
cover the budget allocations for the new works that are proposed on section 8. The total budget
requirement is 317,820,559.00 ETB. Among the total budget 20,418,086.00 of the new work the
Regional government, 1,531,357.00 is covered by the community participation, the municipality
state and covers the rest budget.

12.5. Develop Implementation Strategy for the Asset Management Plan

and Conclusions

The infrastructure projects are increasing from time to time. The involvement of private sector
and community is very significant. So many projects are outsourced to the private sector in the
form of contractors and other sectors. The initiation of creating internal capacity for internal staff
is very promising

Areas where attention should be given include:

 Data collection and information availability

 Integration of all stakeholders.
 Sustainability of projects executed motivation of internal staffs (engineering
department)
 Community mobilization, SMEs and NGOs
 Level of utilization of opportunities.

12.6. Allocation of Staff and Resources

There are different works planned to be carried out with respect to upgrading works and new
area development. Most of the design and supervision of the new civil works are managed by the
engineers of the municipality in joint venture with the construction office engineers. The
consultancy services that are described on the individual assets are carried out by out sourced
consultants.

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Implementing agencies: Implementing agencies are:

 Finance and Economic Office for bidding, procurement, expenditure activities etc.
 Municipality for d/t infrastructure development like road, drains, culverts, sanitations etc.
 Revenue office for revenue collection
 Water supply office for water infrastructure like borehole, expansion lines etc.
 EEPCo. For street light infrastructure. Not including solar street light

12.7. Build staff plan

The staffing schedule is an integral component of this AMP of Dukem, which needs a proper
plan by mentioning all staffs that will participate in the maintenance activity of the AMP.
Accordingly, the AMP has been prepared inconsideration of this task as depicted in table below.

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Table 147: Staffing Schedule for Maintenance Activities of All Strategic Areas of Dukem AMP 2011
No Categories of Assets Responsible Responsible Remarks
Department(staff Names
plan) Person/Group
1 Movement Network Team Members Infrastructure Development Main Business Process
1.1 Asphalt Road Infrastructure Of the process is responsible to open new roads based on the
1.2 Cobble Stone Road Development Main City’s Structure Plan; While Design,
1.3 Gravel Road process owner Construction, & Contract Administration
1.4 Red Ash Road &Infrastructure Process is responsible for
1.5 Earth Pressed Road construction, Maintenance and Management of
1.6 Culvert the Road
1.7 Street Light
2 Environmental Services Infrastructure Team Members Responsible for construction, maintenance and
2.1 Drainage Development Main Of the process management
2.2 Parks and Greenery process owner

3 Water Supply Dukem Water Supply Team Members Dukem Water Supply Service Office are
Systems Service Office Of the process responsible for provision /supply of water for the
people of Dukem

4 Social and Economic Each Sectorial Team Members Concerned sectors &Beautification and Green
Services Department of the Of the process Development Office
4.1 Edu Bldgs. City`s Administration
4.2 Health Bldgs.
4.3 Youth Bldgs.
4.4 Other Bldgs.
4.5 MSE Bldgs.
4.6 Housing Bldgs.

5 Supporting Services City Service and Team Members City Service and Supply Office
Supply Office Of the process

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12.8. Project Planning and Project Management

All the works are listed with three different categories. Among them, planned works that are
listed under upgrading and new area development are more of civil works.

Contract management

Contract will give to MSEs, Contractor etc. depending on project.

Bidding Process

Bidding based on type of projects through the process of bidding mostly:

 Notice board using inviting letters

 National News paper
 Direct negotiation

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