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Geography Chapter 21-Central and Southwest Asia

The document provides definitions for key terms related to Central and Southwest Asia such as agricultural revolution, civilization, monotheism, and protectorate. It then summarizes the major developments and events in the region including the emergence of the Fertile Crescent as the birthplace of agriculture and civilization, the spread of Judaism and later Christianity as monotheistic religions, the Arab conquests of the 7th century, and the establishment of the Ottoman Empire in the late 13th century. Finally, it compares the economies of Saudi Arabia and Israel, noting that Saudi Arabia relies heavily on oil exports while Israel has developed a more technologically advanced economy.

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423 views2 pages

Geography Chapter 21-Central and Southwest Asia

The document provides definitions for key terms related to Central and Southwest Asia such as agricultural revolution, civilization, monotheism, and protectorate. It then summarizes the major developments and events in the region including the emergence of the Fertile Crescent as the birthplace of agriculture and civilization, the spread of Judaism and later Christianity as monotheistic religions, the Arab conquests of the 7th century, and the establishment of the Ottoman Empire in the late 13th century. Finally, it compares the economies of Saudi Arabia and Israel, noting that Saudi Arabia relies heavily on oil exports while Israel has developed a more technologically advanced economy.

Uploaded by

TheGeekSquad
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 21—Central and Southwest Asia

• Agricultural revolution: the change from nomadic hunting and gathering to farming that took place about
8000 B.C.
• Civilization: an advanced culture.
• Monotheism: the belief in one God.
• Protectorate: An area that has its own government but is controlled by an outside power.
• Mosque: An Islamic place of religious worship.
• muezzin: In Islam, a crier who calls the faithful to prayer 5 times each day from a minaret.
• minaret: A tall, slender tower attached to a mosque.
• desalination plant: The process of removing salt from seawater so that it can be used for drinking and
irrigation.
• nomad: A person who travels from place to place.
• trade deficit: The situation in which a country imports more than it exports.
• trade surplus: The situation in which a country exports more than it imports.

1. What was the Fertile Crescent?


• Birthplace of agriculture and civilization
• Stretches from modern Iraq to Israel
• Where hunters + gatherers 1st began to raise plants + animals for food—agricultural revolution
2. What was the first monotheistic religion? What other monotheistic religions came from Southwest Asia?
• Judaism, followed by Christianity
3. What took place between A.D. 632 and 714?
• Arabic-speaking tribes gained control of most of S.W. + C. Asia
4. What empire emerged in the late thirteenth century?
• Ottoman Empire
5. What impact did the fall of the Ottoman Empire have on Southwest Asia?
• European powers divided it into a + of nations and protectorates
• Palestine, a former Ottoman territory, begun attracting Jewish migrants from other parts of the world
seeking to form a new society in their ancient homeland
• War broke out between Palestinian Arabs + Jews over control of Palestine
6. What impact did the creation of Israel have on Southwest Asia?
• Most Palestinian Arabs fled to neighboring countries or to the W. Bank—1st of several Arab-Israeli
conflicts
7. What impact did oil production have on Persian Gulf countries?
• Encouraged international trade + brought wealth
8. What type of landform is the source for water in this Southwest Asia?
• Aral Sea
9. What climates are most commonly found in Southwest Asia?
• Arid + Semiarid—very little precipitation
10. What are the two most common ecosystems in Southwest Asia?
• Desert scrub + Temperate grassland
11. How does the availability of water affect population patterns?
• Water—scarce resources across much of regionpop. Concentrated in fertile river valleys + rainier
costal areas along Black + Mediterranean seas
12. What is the most common land use for Southwest Asia?
• Nomadic herding + livestock raising
13. Along what body of water are the majority of petroleum reserves located?
• Persian Gulf
14. Compare Saudi Arabia and Israel’s economies.
• Saudi Arabia
o World’s largest exporter of petroleum
o Leading exports—Economy centered on oil production + refining
o Leading Imports--Desert climate doesn’t allow to produce enough food for peoplemachinery +
equipment, foodstuffs
o Trade surplus from massive petroleum exports
o Main trade partners—US, Japan, EU countries, S. Korea, + Singapore
• Israel
o More technologically advanced
o Main exports—high-technology equipment, software, + cut diamonds
o Trade deficit—has to import most raw materials, including petroleum b.cus of expensive military
equipment
o Main trade partners—US, Belgium, EU countries
o Belgiummajor trade partner b.cus Israel is a diamond processing center, + world’s leading
diamond is in Antwerp, Belgium

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