FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

PRACTICES

Unit 1

_______________
Introduction to Occupational
Health and Safety
_______________
This unit aims to prepare students with occupational health
and safety awareness related to health, safety, and welfare
issues. This includes the necessary information and
definition of related terms and the historical background of
Occupational health and safety practices.
Health and safety involve everyone in the workplace. Thus,
everyone should have a chance to be involved in
decisionmaking about health and safety issues that may
affect them.

Let us find out how much you already know about

Occupational Health and Safety
Practices

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 1

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

Direction: Write T if the statement is correct and F if it is false.

__ T___1. Occupational health is a planned system of working to prevent illness

and injury where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks.

___T_ 2. The target of occupational safety and health programs involve fostering a
safe and healthy work environment.

___T__3. Occupational safety deals with understanding the causes of accidents at

work and ways to prevent unsafe conditions in any workplace.

___T__4. Physical well-being is a broad concept which explains how the different
hazards and risks at work may cause illness and emphasizes that health programs are
essential.

___T__5. Industrial hygiene discusses the identification, evaluation, and control of

physical, chemical, biological hazards.

___T__ 6. Occupational Health and Safety includes workers' social, mental, and
physical well-being, a person's totality.

___T__7. A healthy workplace is, by definition, also a secure environment.

___T__8. Risk is the workplace situation that can harm people's health and safety or
damage plant and equipment.

___F__9. A combination of the likelihood of a hazardous event with a specific period or

in specified circumstances and the severity of injury or damage.

___T__10. To promote a safe and healthy work environment is the goal of occupational
safety and health.

___T__11.Occupational health and safety encompass the social, mental, and physical
well-being of workers, that is, the whole person.

__T__12. Occupational disease – is a disease arising out of, or during, the course of
employment, and caused by the work a person does
__F__13. The First Industrial Revolution was the shift to new manufacturing processes
in Europe and the United States.
__T__14. Unemployment is the under-use of a worker due to a job that does not use
the worker's skills, is part-time, or leaves the worker idle.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 2

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

___T__15. Of the total employed persons in the Philippines, the laborers and unskilled
workers comprised the largest group.

LESSON 1 Occupational Safety and Health Overview

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. define Occupational Health and Safety;
2. differentiate Occupational Safety, Occupational Health, and Industrial Hygiene;
3. discuss the basis of occupational health practice;
4. understand a range of historical information of Occupational Health and
Safety;
5. identify the key events which express change over time in Occupational health
and safety; and

6. recognize the importance of various legislation relating to Occupational Health

and Safety Practices in the Philippines.

Answer:

1. Occupational Health and Safety is considered as a tool on how to discipline

ourselves in terms for the safety on each workplace, therefore it is a matter of

our health to be concerned in everything. And for being aware on how to be

careful to yourself, for physical health in order for us to stay healthy and have

a strong immune system regardless of where industry/workplace that we've

been working.

2. Each field of Occupational which is the Health, Safety and Industrial hygiene

refers to the health of workers in order to protect each and everyone of us.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 3

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

Occupational Health focused to the health of the workers to prevent any types

of diseases, while the Occupational Safety referring to the whole industry of a

workplace which is more valuable in all aspects since it is for the overall

protection of person well being including the mental health, social health, and

most importantly the people’s physical health. Lastly the Industrial Hygiene is

efficient to prevention of each people physical health that is focused in taking

care of our overall body figure since it is something that people must taking

care of.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

 Occupational health covers the employees/workers overall well-being

of their health to remain physically active.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

 Occupational Safety focused more to the physical well-being of

employees/workers.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 4

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

 The industrial hygiene is to make an effort to fully prevent the injury/illness

of each workers despite of every task or action that they have been doing.

3. Improving the occupational health and practices is a basic necessities that we

need to do every single day in a workplace in order for us to prevent

hazardous tasks that can affect our health through any kind of hazards. The

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 5

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

basis of occupational health practice is that we can assure that the workplace

or environment of each industry is more safer than we expect, like for

example if you're a factory worker and base from the routine maintenance in

your industry. You as a worker you had to be more specific in everything you

do to improve practices day by day that can lead to be as a safety workplace

base on your works or jobs whether if you're not assign to, you have to do for

a better place as well.

4. Occupational Health and Safety has been focused in protecting all employers

from a hazardous tasks. Thus, and be a good productivity for each workplace

and there's a possibility to promote industry because of a good management

and to influence others workplace to be a good example as well as just the

ways of worked outcome or result. To support and to maintain a good

responsibilities for being a well managed workplace or production.

5. The decades has passed, According to the Historical Background of The First

Industrial Revolution. In the era of 1800's - 1900's the use of machines,

equipment and chemicals was comprehensive as manufacturing processes,

agriculture, and train/system.

On the statement above, means that lot of workers was very productive for

everything about their jobs despite of our developing country, because that

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 6

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

time we had a lack of interventions of many things or a basic procedures or

methods that we may use to minimize the Occupational Health and Safety so

that less injury. While we're in a current generation that we had all

maintenance and routines with a help of a growing population and by the time

our country gradually rise every year in the situation of that we can express

some key events that change over time in occupational health and safety in

the following:

* A lot of workers or employee can gathered everytime without getting

hurt/injury

* In a workplace, each day can decrease people died in a injury/diseases with

a help of health practices by doing safety precautions.

* Doing basic practices of occupational health and safety is considered for

being concerned for its health of workers/employee.

* We can able to work as much we can without getting injury because of

hazards/risk.

6. According to Republic Act 11508 stated that all employers had a right to

refuse all tasks that can lead to affect all workers health from any types of

hazards. By declaring the legislation all workers can also speak their voices in

order for them to be heard by their own management to secure that their

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 7

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

health is more safety from risks, danger. It doesn't matter if you are in a

position you have because every health of people is more than anything and

this is something we must take care of at all costs.

Duration: 3 hours

Activity
Brainstorm Activity
(This activity is directed at stimulating group discussion)

Discuss with students what the term Occupational Health and Safety means.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 8

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

 On a sheet of paper, write down potential workplace health and safety issues that
may confront students - at school, at their work experience, traveling to and from
their places or at home.
 As a class, list down possible strategies students may use to reduce workplace
hazards, school, or home. Ask students to record and come up with a consolidated
output.
 Select students as a speaker to share ideas with the class.

Answer:

 In every workplace that we we're working on all of us started as a beginner either

a trainer that we confront ourselves in so many ways such as, challenges, conflicts,

wether it is about for our health safety. Here are some issues that we may confront

when we started working in the industry.

* Disarranged methods and procedure that doesn't fit workers necessities in terms

for the health and safety.

* Lack of basic necessities that we can use to protect ourselves from a hazardous

tasks such as eye protection, gloves and so on.

* Doesn't have enough employee to work on during working or doing our job, And in

that case, you felt exhausted and drained until you got home from work that maybe

can affect our health.

* As a beginner, we can try really hard to catch up to many veterans workers just to

do your job same as them. *Lastly, adjusting yourself one at a time

* Shortage of financial support, travelling to workplace at the same time going back

at home.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 9

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

* Encounter some traffic experiences, had to go there at the exact time but it's too

late.

 Managing health is a given for many people not just only for workers on each

workplace but it is a key to operational excellence in the workplace wether it is a big

or small establishment that you've been working. Therefore we should try to prevent

hazards by these possible strategies that students may use:

* Should use any kind of protective equipment that is safer. For example gloves,

face masks, protective eyewear and etc.

* Use a methods or procedure that are designed to minimize exposure to a

hazardous tasks. *Build a procedure and safe work practices

* Limit exposure time to a hazardous task, so that few workers are exposed.

*Routine maintenance and housekeeping procedures.

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH), commonly called

Analysis occupational health and safety (OHS), occupational health, or
workplace health and safety (WHS), is a vast field concerned with the
safety, health, and welfare of people at work.
Occupational Safety and Health can also protect co-workers, family members,
employers, customers, and many others affected by the workplace environment.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 10

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

Occupational safety and health are disciplines with a broad scope involving
three significant fields – Occupational Safety, Occupational Health, and
Industrial Hygiene.

• Occupational Safety deals with understanding the causes of

accidents at work and ways to prevent unsafe acts and unsafe
conditions in any workplace.

Safety at work discusses concepts on good housekeeping, proper

materials handling and storage, machine safety, electrical safety,
fire prevention and control, safety inspection, and accident
investigation.

• Occupational Health is a broad concept that explains how the

different hazards and risks at work may cause illness and
emphasizes that health program are essential in controlling work–
related and/or occupational diseases

• Industrial Hygiene discusses identifying, evaluating and controlling

physical, chemical, biological, and egornomic hazards.

In its broadest sense, OSH aims at:

 the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental, and
social well-being of workers in all occupations;
 the prevention of adverse health effects of the working conditions

 the placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment

adapted to physical and mental needs;
 the adaptation of work to humans (and NOT the other way around).

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 11

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

In other words, occupational health and safety encompass the social, mental,
and physical well-being of workers, the "whole person".
Successful occupational health and safety practice requires the collaboration and
participation of employers and workers in health and safety programs and involves the
consideration of occupational medicine issues, industrial hygiene, toxicology,
education, engineering safety, ergonomics, psychology, etc.
Occupational health issues are often given less attention than occupational safety
issues because the former are generally more challenging to confront. However, when
health is addressed, so is safety- a healthy workplace is also a safe workplace. The
reverse, though, may not be true- the so-called safe workplace is not necessarily also
healthy. The important pint is that both health and safety issues must be addressed in
every workplace." (Your health and safety at work: INTRODUCTION TO OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
AND SAFETY,

International Labour Organization, http://www.itcilo.it/actrav/actrav-english/telearn/osh/intro/inyroduc.htm

Historical Information of Occupational Health "Occupational health is the

promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental, and social
wellbeing of workers in all occupations by preventing departures from health,
controlling

THE BASIS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PRACTICE

Occupational health concerns measuring and managing the effects of work on a
person's health and performance ability.
Work and health (the impact that a person's career can have on their health):
• occupational disease - a disease arising out of, or during, the course of
employment, and caused by the work a person does;
• work-related disease - conditions that aren't caused by work but are aggravated
by the work a person does.

Health and work (a person’s medical fitness for work).

risks and the adaptation of work to people, and people to their jobs .”
(International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), 1950

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 12

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

Occupational health has been focused on protecting employees from work-related ill
health. Still, there is now an increasing focus on well-being interventions preventing ill
health in the workforce and dealing with all potential causes of ill health, not just work.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The First Industrial Revolution shifted to new manufacturing processes
in Europe and America, from around 1760 to sometime between 1820 and
workers and the emergence of the science of ergonomics.

1840.

Industrial Revolution of 1800

-1900s, the use of machines, equipment, and
chemicals was comprehensive as manufacturing processes, agriculture,
and train/steam engine transport were the economy's driving force.
Statistics showed that safety, hazards, chemical exposures, and
injuries from manufacturing work were very high. This ushered to the
development of guidelines and standards to protect workers for work
related hazards and risks in the industries mentioned above.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 13

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

As work patterns change, trends on accidents and diseases may also

reflect how workers are affected.
In the late 20th century and until the present, the predominance of the
service sector ( wholesale and retail trade, education, hotels and
restaurants, banks, health-care, etc.,) and now we are confronted with data
that reveal work-related muscle and joint injuries experienced by the
service sector

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the total cases of occupational

diseases in workplaces reached over 125,000 in 2015.

Back pain is the most common type of occupational disease, making up

32.8% of the reported cases. This is followed by essential hypertension
(11.5%) and neck and shoulder pain (11.4%). Meanwhile, workers' riskiest
industry was in administrative and support service activities (34.3%) and the
manufacturing industry (31.1%), jointly comprising almost two-thirds of the total
cases of occupational diseases in 2015.

Legislation Standards on Occupational Safety and Health

The Occupational Safety and Health Standards Act will protect the health of workers in
the Philippines.

RA 11058, signed on August 17, 2018, aims to strengthen compliance by employers, in

all private establishments and places where work is being undertaken in all branches of
economic activity, with the occupational safety and health (OSH) standards set by the
Secretary of Labor and Employment under the Labor Code of the Philippines.

With the RA 11058, employers are now required to comply with occupational
safety and health standards, including informing workers on all types of hazards
in the workplace and having the right to refuse unsafe work and providing
facilities and personal protective equipment for the workers, among others.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 14

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

With this law, the Philippines come closer to achieving the Sustainable
Development Goal 8.8 to safeguard labor rights and promote safe and secure
working environments. It also boosts the implementation of the WHO-supported
Occupational Health and Safety Sector Plan under the National Environmental
Health Action Plan (2017-2022).

OSHC believes that Filipinos are naturally responsible workers.

Given the appropriate education, proper training, and the right motivation,
we can do our part in making a safe and healthy workplace.

Abstraction

To assist students in building a picture of the concepts associated with Occupational

Health and Safety in the Philippines, it is suggested that they watch a video on the
OSH Philippines Legislation Standards.

1. Watch the suggested video on OSH Philippines.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUo0H-SfWtw

2. Fill the spaces with the correct answers.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 15

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

Organizations involved in OHS

Acronym Meaning Function

This organization formulate policies,

Department of Labor implement programs, and serve as the

1. DOLE and Employment policy-coordinating arm of the Executive

Branch in the field of Labor and

Employment.
This organization is responsible for

initiating, rationalizing and coordinating

Employees the policies on employees compensation

2. ECC
Compensation programs as well as deciding appealed

Commission cases from the GSIS (Government

Service Insurance System ) and SSS

(Social Security System ), the agencies

which initially administer the employee's

compensation program in the public and

private sector.
This organizations develops and

Occupational Safety implements training programs on OSH

3. OSHC and Health Center undertakes practical testing for safe use

and sets standard specifications of

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 16

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

PPE's.
Performs primarily policy and program

Bureau of Working development and advisory functions in

4. BWC
Condition the administration and enforcement of

laws relating to working conditions.

Create awareness about a topic of public

interest. In this lesson, you'll learn more

5. PSA Public Service about what these advertisements are,

Announcement their purpose and some general

guidelines for compiling one.

References:

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/section/briefing-room/department-of-labor-and-

employment/#:~:text=The%20Department%20of%20Labor%20and,field%20of

%20labor%20and%20employment.

https://study.com/academy/lesson/public-service-announcement-psa-definition-

purpose-guidelines.html

Source:

https://youtu.be/mUo0H-SfWtw

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 17

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

1. Write an essay on the purpose and scope of the Occupational Safety and
Health Standards.

Base on my reading comprehension about the link above. It's stated that

OSHS ( Occupational Safety and Health Standards ) has a lot of rules that

should be followed. The purpose is to protect every workers against

risks/hazards that the significant legislation that Philippine Government

passed the Occupational Health and Safety Standards or the Republic Act

11058 will help to avoid the increasing cases of diseases and injuries in the

work environment that confront the country. While the scope, all the rules of

Occupational Health and Safety Standards shall apply

Application to all workplace of employment in a specific way.

2. Why is Occupational Health and Safety important?

Workplace safety is very important for each and every employee in the industry

since all the workers are dedicated to work in a safe and protected place. Health and

safety is one of key factor for all the industries in order to promote the wellness of both

employees and employers. It is a duty and moral responsibility of the company to look

after the employee’s protection in order to reduce the any types of hazards and assure

that prevention is always important in many aspects.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 18

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

LESSON 2 Occupational Health and Safety Situation

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. articulate a heightened awareness of the Occupational Safety and
Health situation both local and international;

2. provide background on global Occupational Safety and Health

figures; and

3. discuss related terms like employed and underemployment.

Answer:

1. Awareness of the occupational safety and health is a good example for many

people that is working both local and international industry, Furthermore here's

some awareness of both local and international that can assure that our health is

an important in the prevention regarding for occupational injuries and diseases:

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ( LOCAL )

- we as a worker of each workplace, should aware of different types of hazards

such as physical and chemical and other hazards that can affect health to a

hazardous tasks. Thus, must know all the general safety practices or issues of

the workplace.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 19

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ( INTERNATIONAL )

- should aware of the laws about Occupational Safety and Health since you

allowed to work globally, such as protocols regarding safety precautions, rules

and regulations that must follow that will prevent or protect overall health.

2. Occupational Safety and Health Figures

Each country has the basic occupational Health Practices in order for us to

minimize the routines and maintenance of each workplace to prevent

hazards/risks that can affect people’s lives. Furthermore International Labour

Organization ( IOL) can figure it out if all the workers are safe and if they are still

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 20

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

in a good condition/physically and mentally active. Every year organizations that

involved in Occupational Health Standards are the one who take responsibilities

for us to inform people what’s the status of all the workers wether if it’s in a good

or bad condition. According to the Analysis of Global Occupational Safety and

Health Figures showed that close to 50% of work related deaths occur in ASIA. In

conclusion International Labour Organization ( IOL ) who’s incharge of reporting

the status of health figures of the workers will do. So that here’s the background

of:

“Global Occupational Safety and Health Figures”

In the statement above showed that closed to 50% deaths occur. Meaning

to say It’s not in a possible situation that can all workers is not totally died at that

time, Since it’s on a developing country state as well compared to a country that

is totally developed. But as a workers you cannot deny that although you take all

the responsibilities doesn’t mean the country is more safer than you expected.

Numbers of people who died in 320, 000

the exposure to a biological risks

Numbers of agricultural workers 170, 000

died

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 21

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

Based on the background that I provided, It is expected that the work

related deaths occur in ASIA. Furthermore not half of the population back in 2008

in ASIA and According to the latest International Labour Organization ( ILO )

reveal that over 337 million accidents occur in the job annually and still not

confirmed if the people are totally died. And the remaining people are the ones

who still in a good condition but stated that it’s close to 50%.

3. Employed – a person who has a job and having a purpose of taking

responsibilities based on their positions of the workplace that they have been

working on.

Underemployment – a person who’s former of being employed in the past, since

her/his skills is not suitable for the industries standards and ended up leaving and

find another job.

Duration: 1.5 hours

Present –Key Points

Activity
Introducing Local and Global Situations on Safety and Health

What insights can you share from local situations on safety and health?

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 22

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

• Encourage students to work with groups to build up their

understanding of the concepts presented.
• Students can use some of the video knowledge to help build
their understanding of Health and Safety Responsibilities.
As work patterns change, trends on accidents and diseases may also reflect how
workers are affected. In the late 20th century and until the present, we see that
predominance of the service sector (wholesale and retail trade, education, hotels and
restaurants, banks, health-care, etc.), and we are now confronted with data that reveal
work-related muscle and joint injuries experienced by the service sector workers and
the emergence of the science of ergonomics which will be discussed at length in the
Occupational Health unit.

Analysis Global Occupational Safety and Health Figures

The International Labour
Organization (ILO) Safework Introductory Report in 2008 showed that
close to 50% of work-related deaths occur in ASIA. In developing countries, fatality rates
are five to six times higher than in industrialized nations and in developing countries
where, every year, around 170,000 agricultural workers and 320,000 people die in
exposures to biological risks such as viral, bacterial, insect, or animal-related risks.

The latest ILO figures reveal that.

Every 15 seconds, 160 workers have a work-related accident.

Every 15 seconds, a worker dies from a work-related accident or

disease.

“Every day, 6,300 people die due to occupational accidents or work-related diseases-
more than 2.3 million deaths per year.

Over 337 million accidents occur on the job annually, resulting in extended absences from
work.
The human cost of this daily adversity is vast, and the economic burden of poor
occupational safety and health practices is estimated at 4% of global Gross Domestic
product each year.

"The safety and health conditions at work are very different between countries, economic
sectors, and social groups. Deaths and injuries take a heavy toll in developing countries,
where a large part of the population is engaged in hazardous activities such as

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 23

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

agriculture, fishing, and mining. Throughout the world, the poorest and least protected- often
women, children, and migrants- are among the most affected." (Safety and Health at work,
International Labour organization, accessed September 6, 2011)
http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/safety-and-health-at-work/lang--en/index.htm)

Abstraction What essential learnings have you gained from different

situations that you can use in your dealings?

http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/safety-and-health-at-work/lang--en/index.htm)

Job-related accidents and diseases cause human suffering and loss. The economic
cost is enormous, with some 2 million workers dying each year from work-related
accidents and illnesses, and the figure is on the increase despite efforts to make
progress.
The Philippine government estimates that 2.2 million Filipino workers in medium and
large enterprises enjoy effective occupational safety and health (OSH) protection and
services. In other words, 17 of 18 persons in the nation's 38.8 million workforces do not
benefit from acceptable working conditions. Studies confirm that OSH conditions in
micro-firms and the informal sector pose risks and hazards.
National occupational safety and health culture are one in which the right to a safe and
healthy working environment is respected. It is where governments, employers, and
workers actively participate in securing a safe and healthy working environment through
a system of defined rights, responsibilities, and duties, and where the highest priority is
accorded to the principle of prevention.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 24

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES

Underemployed workers are persons who express the desire to have a new job
with longer working hours. The lowest underemployment rate was observed in
Central Luzon, while the highest was noted in the Bicol Region.
About 2.9 million Filipinos were unemployed in 2010, representing an unemployment
rate of 7.3 percent. The unemployed persons who have attained high school accounted
for 45.2 percent of all unemployed. The proportion of unemployed males was more
significant than that of their female counterparts. ( 2010 Annual Labor and Employment Status,
released February 8, 2011, http://www.cencus.gov.ph/data/press release/2011/pr1111tx.html)

Underemployed person; not having enough paid work or not doing work that makes full
use of their skills and abilities.

Underemployment is the under-use of a worker due to a job that does not use the worker's skills, is
part-time, or leaves the worker idle.

"In developing countries, fatality rates are five to six times higher than in industrialized
nations and in developing countries where, every year, around 170,000 agricultural workers
and 320,000 people die in exposures to biological risks such as viral, bacterial, insect or
animal-

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 25

FSM 102 MODULE FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PRACTICES
Application

related risks.”

How did workplace tragedies affect the safe movement of

one's country?
Write your opinion below:

As the statement said that every fifteen seconds one hundred sixty workers have

a work related accident, dies from a disease. The reason why being that, it’s because

it’s in a state of developing, Occupational Safety and Health practices estimated at 4%

of global gross domestic product each year. It’s affected the country’s safe movement

since the lack of interventions of many things and doesn’t have enough production of

product to produce safety in order to reduce the illness or injury from any type of

hazards

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Page 26