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Rock Forming Mineral - Garnet: - Camila S. Macario Bsce 2A

Garnet is a group of six minerals that are commonly found in metamorphic and igneous rocks. It has a general chemical formula of X3Y2(SiO4)3, where X is usually calcium, magnesium, or iron and Y is usually aluminum, chromium, or iron. Garnet has a wide variety of uses including as an abrasive, for water jet cutting, as a filtration medium, and as gemstones. It is known for its hardness between 6.5-8.0 on the Mohs scale and comes in many colors including red, green, yellow, black, and blue.

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Rizette Palogan
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44 views9 pages

Rock Forming Mineral - Garnet: - Camila S. Macario Bsce 2A

Garnet is a group of six minerals that are commonly found in metamorphic and igneous rocks. It has a general chemical formula of X3Y2(SiO4)3, where X is usually calcium, magnesium, or iron and Y is usually aluminum, chromium, or iron. Garnet has a wide variety of uses including as an abrasive, for water jet cutting, as a filtration medium, and as gemstones. It is known for its hardness between 6.5-8.0 on the Mohs scale and comes in many colors including red, green, yellow, black, and blue.

Uploaded by

Rizette Palogan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ROCK FORMING MINERAL

-GARNET

-CAMILA S. MACARIO
BSCE 2A
• WHAT IS GARNET?
- The name was coined by a german theologian, Albrecht von
Bollstadt (1193-1280) from the Latin granatus, from granum ('grain,
seed'), referring to the red seeds in pomegranate, which resemble the
mineral.
-Garnet is a group of six minerals which are isomorphous in
nature and never occur pure as represented by their chemical
composition.
-Garnet is a dense and hard silicate mineral which occurs in
many rock types, but it is especially common in some metamorphic
rocks like schist and amphibolite.
-It is a common rock-forming mineral in some igneous rocks
such as granite and basalt.
GARNET
• GENERAL FORMULA: X3Y2(SiO4)3
Where:
X – Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn
Y - Fe, Al, Cr
Garnet type Name Chemical Symbol Description
from the Greek pyropós
Pyrope Mg3Al2(SiO4) 3 red in colour
meaning ‘fire-eyed’

sometimes called almandite, or


from Alabanda, a region in carbuncle, it is deep red,
Almandine Turkey where these stones Fe3Al2(SiO4) 3 brownish red or black, and
were cut in ancient times ranges from fully transparent
to opaque

mostly orange in colour and


Spessartine from Spessart in Germany Mn3Al2(SiO4) 3
found in granite pegmatities

commonly green, but may be


from the botanical name for
Grossular Ca3Al2(SiO4) 3 brown (cinnamon stone
the gooseberry, grossularia
variety), red, and yellow

named after Count Uvarov of


Uvarovite Ca3Cr2(SiO4) 3 a rare bright green garnet
Russia

named after the Portuguese may be red, yellow, brown,


Andradite Ca3Fe2(SiO4) 3
mineralogist, d’Andrada green (demantoid)
USES OF GARNET
• It is widely used for architectural facades, construction materials, ornamental stone and
monuments. Over 40% of dimension stone quarried is granite. Crushed granite is used as a
durable construction material in asphalt and concrete used in highway and infrastructure
projects.

• Garnet Abrasives - The first industrial use of garnet was an abrasive. That allows it to be
used as an effective abrasive in many types of manufacturing.

• Water Jet Cutting - A machine known as a water jet cutter produces a high-pressure jet of
water with entrained abrasive granules of garnet which is used in cutting metals, stones,
etc.

• Abrasive Blasting - Garnet granules are also used in abrasive blasting to smooth, clean, or
to remove oxidation products from metals, brick, stone, and other materials.
• Filtration – Garnet granules are often used as a filter media. Small garnet
practices are used to fill a container through which a liquid flows.

• Gemstone – Garnet is used as gemstones due to its wide variety of colors,


luster, and hardness.

• Garnet as a Geological Indicator Mineral – it is an indicator mineral for


prospecting diamond.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• 1. Color: Red, brown, black, green, yellow orange, pink, white, and blue (very
rare)
• 2. Streak: Colorless
• 3. Luster: Resinous, dull, vitreous
• 4. Cleavage: Absent
• 5. Fracture: Conchoidal to uneven
• 6. Hardness: 6.5 to 8.0
• 7. Specific Gravity: High
• 8. Transparency: Transparent to transluscent
• 9. Habit: Euhedral to Subhedral
Green uvarovite garnets

Orange coloured spessartine


garnet crystals Garnet crystal

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