Progress In Science in Engineering Research Journal ISSN 2347-6680 (E)

Digital Data Transmission Using LASER

S. Shekhar Singh1, S.Bala2
Assistant Professor, Board of Technical Education, Lucknow, India
PG Student, NITTTR Chandigarh, India

Abstract: Day to day development in communication II. DIGITAL MODULATION

technology, greater data are generated as compared to
The transmission of digital signals is increasing at a
previous era that requires more and more bandwidth. Laser
rapid rate. From electro-magnetic theory, for efficient
communication has many advantages over traditional
communication especially in high data rate. A high-speed radiation of electrical energy from an antenna it must be
laser communication system employing optical ASK at least in the order of magnitude of a wavelength in
modulation method has been discussed here. size; c = f λ, where c is light’s velocity, f is the
frequency of the signal and λ is the wavelength. For a 1
Key Words: ASK, Digital modulation, LASER transmission, kHz radio signal, the wavelength is 300 km. This size of
and High data rate transmission.
antenna is not practical for transmission. The low-
frequency signal is generally modulated to a higher

I. INTRODUCTION frequency range for efficient transmission. The

modulation at higher frequency range reduces size of
Laser communication is rapidly gaining popularity as an
antenna. Generally in the modulation process, the high-
effective means of transferring data at high rates at long
frequency carrier signals properties have been varied as
distances. The system includes a laser transmitter and a
per the baseband signals is a sinusoidal waveform.
receiver along with control and driving electronics
separated by a distance. Laser beam propagating through
Practically it is not possible to transmit the data in the
the medium carry the information from the transmitter to
digital format. So make this transmission possible we
the receiver end. Laser system provides many
map the digital bits to a varying physical signal that can
advantages such as easily deployable, light weight, jam
easily transmitted through channel either guided or
free secure link with enormous high bandwidth and
unguided. The digital modulation techniques are broadly
equipment’s compactness. These key advantages attract
divided into three major categories such as Amplitude
the users of civil and defense sector. The data rate
shift Keying (ASK), Phase Shift Keying (PSK) and
demands have also risen from hundreds of megabits per
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK). Modulation also leads
second to tens of gigabits per second. Whether
to the possibility multiplexing of frequency. In a
practically or theoretically, develop Laser
frequency-multiplexing, individual signals are
communication techniques is very important. There has
transmitted over non-overlapping adjacent frequency
been a lot of research of such laser communications for
bands. Therefore they transmitted, simultaneously in
different kinds of applications [1-5]. In the
parallel in time. If we use carrier frequency high, more
circumstances, we develop a theoretical model for
bandwidth is available for frequency-multiplexing more
wireless laser communication system employing optical
signals.
amplitude Shift Keying (ASK).

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 Progress In Science in Engineering Research Journal ISSN 2347-6680 (E)

basis function to present sended signal because basis

signal have unity energy.

Fig. ASK demodulator

Fig. Digital modulation techniques

Amplitude shift keying - ASK is the digital modulation
technique, which uses a sinusoidal wave to represent two
or more discrete amplitude levels. The number of levels
depends on the number of bits transmitted corresponding
to a single signal. For a binary message sequence, two
levels are used, one for bit 1and other for bit 0. Thus the
modulated waveform consists of bursts of a sinusoidal
signal of different amplitude.

III. ASK MODULATOR AND

DEMODULATOR Fig. ASK modulator

ASK modulation is similar to the amplitude modulation

of radio signal. In this technique the base band signal
m(t) is multiplied by the carrier signal C(t) .Here a
modulator is used to shift the amplitude of the carrier
signal as per the digital binary sequence.

Fig. Basic ASK modulation

Fig. ASK modulation / demodulation
At demodulator end same carrier signal is used to
demodulate the signal as similar to AM modulation –
IV. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
demodulation technique. A LPF has been used at
receiver end to filter the baseband signal (Low frequency Traditionally externally modulated lasers were used to
signal). In this modulation demodulation process we use support high data transmission rates. Day to day we

@2013 PISER Journal www.piserjournal.org

 Progress In Science in Engineering Research Journal ISSN 2347-6680 (E)

need much higher data transmission which need to

include additional modulator circuit, that rises the system
cost of transmitter. So the communication system
designing unit carriers look toward directly modulated
lasers .Chirp and other nonlinear effects strongly affect
the transmission characteristics of directly modulated
lasers. Chirp enhances the signal spectrum by enhancing
Fig. Block diagram data transmission from PC
the modulation of frequency and power at the laser to PC using LASER and OFC
output. Chirp is of two types. One is transient chirp that
occurs between bits of different value (e.g. between V. CONCLUSION
logical 1 and logical 0 bits) and results in relaxation LASER light is a highly monochromatic in nature. So
oscillations in the transition environment, and other is the communication using LASER has the properties of
adiabatic chirp, where frequency depends on the signal LASER light. Today it is popularly used for RF and
power (e.g. for the logical 1 bit frequency is higher than Fiber Optics communication. Due to highly coherent
for 0 bits). Enlargement of signal spectrum during nature it is easy to set a communication link and no need
transmission, suffers greater distortion due to dispersion to regulatory monitoring. It supports high data rates
and nonlinear effects of the fiber. Consequently, the without interference and high security.
pulses can be delivered over the fiber to smaller
distances and at lower bit rates.[3] REFERENCES

Books Reference

[1] M. Schwartz, “Information Transmission

Modulation , and Noise”, 4/e, McGraw Hill, 1990.
[2] P. Z. Peebles, Jr., “Digital Communication
Systems”, Prentice Hall, 1987.
[3] Symon Hekyn, “Digital Communication”, Willy
Fig. Flow Chart of Transmission Detection
Publication
The basic modulation technique used for transmission
Conference Reference
over channel is NRZ, which is simple to implement but
[4] Maxim A. Velichko, Oleg E. Nanii, “Increase of
at the other end it limit the channel bandwidth. So to
transmission speed in access networks using 4-
enhance the bit rate or data rate we need to use some
Aray ASK directly modulated Laser”, LFNM
other modulation techniques, the digital modulation
2006,kharkiv, Ukrane,@ieee_explore.
techniques (ASK, PSK, FSK) might be very good
option. In this paper we are discussing ASK such an
option based on the result analysis in paper [3].

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