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Biostats Notes

The document discusses different levels of measurement for variables in statistics including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. It also defines key statistical concepts such as descriptive statistics, variables, measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), and measures of dispersion (variance, standard deviation). Descriptive statistics are used to collect, organize, and summarize data without drawing conclusions, while inferential statistics make predictions based on conclusions from descriptive statistics.

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Allianne Angeli Soriano
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123 views2 pages

Biostats Notes

The document discusses different levels of measurement for variables in statistics including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. It also defines key statistical concepts such as descriptive statistics, variables, measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), and measures of dispersion (variance, standard deviation). Descriptive statistics are used to collect, organize, and summarize data without drawing conclusions, while inferential statistics make predictions based on conclusions from descriptive statistics.

Uploaded by

Allianne Angeli Soriano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIOSTATISTICS Levels of Measurement

 NOMINAL SCALE
1 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS o Assigns names/labels
o Qualitative
Statistics o Name, nationality, regions

 Branch of science & applied math  ORDINAL SCALE


 Methods o Numbers/labels to observe
o COLLECTION OF DATA o Still qualitative but can be arranged
- Survey, questionnaire o Year level, job positions
o ORGANIZATION
- Tally  INTERVAL SCALE
o PRESENTATION o Quantitative
- Tabular, computation o Numeric, no zero point
o ANALYSIS o 0 still has a value
- Statistical tests o To reflect distance bet. rank
o INTERPRETATION OF DATA
o Temperature, scores
- Correlation, relationship

Major Areas of Statistics  RATIO SCALE


o Zero point as origin
 DESCRIPTIVE STATS o Height, weight, distance, temperature (K)
o Concerned w/ collection, description
o w/o drawing conclusions (central tendency Types of Data

 GROUPED D.
 INFERENTIAL STATS
o n ≥ 30
o Predictions/conclusions
 UNGROUPED D.
o Should know descriptive s. to understand
o n < 30
Variable
Summation Notation
 Diff values/labels
 ∑ - Greek letter, summation of
 Used for measurement n

 Types  ∑ xi - n: total observations (up to)


i=1
o QUALITATIVE
i=1: where to start
- Names, categories
Measures of Central Tendency (UNGROUPED)
o QUANTITATIVE
- Numeric  MEAN
- DISCRETE: countable o If not indicated, use the formula for
- CONTINUOUS: measurable sample
o Sample
o DEPENDENT

o INDEPENDENT
n N

∑ xi ∑ ( xi−μ)2
x̄ = i=1 θ2= i=1
n N

o Population Computational:
N N N
2 2
∑ xi N ∑ xi −( ∑ xi)
θ2 = i=1 i=1
μ= i=1 2
N N
 MEDIAN
o Array is important (arrangement)  STANDARD DEVIATION
o Odd o Squareroot of variance
n+1
Md=x ( )
2

o Even

Md=x ( n2 +1 )+ x( n2 )
 MODE
o Most frequent
o None – no mode
o 1 – unimodal
o 2 – bimodal
o 3 – trimodal
o 4 or more – multimodal

Measures of Dispersion (UNGROUPED)

 VARIANCE
o Sample (bahala ka ano gusto mo)
Definitional:
n

∑ (xi−x̄ )2
s2= i=1
n−1

Computational:
n n
2
n ∑ xi 2−(∑ xi)
s2= i=1 i=1
n(n−1)

o Population (bahala ka rin)


Definitional:

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