Useful English Lists

New English Room

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Contents:
Abbreviations

1. Verbs + Prepositions
2. Adjectives + Prepositions
3. Nouns + Prepositions
4. Prepositions

1. Noun + Of + Noun Collocations

2. Noun + Of + Noun Collocations
3. Noun + Of + Noun Collocations
4. Paired Idioms

1. Similes – As
2. Similes – Like

1- Common Prefixes
2- Some Noun-Forming Suffixes
3- Some Adjective-Forming Suffixes
4. Some Verb-Forming Affixes
5. Affixes of Negation
6. Roots (144)

Foreign Phrases (155)

1. Pronunciation: Heteronyms (list 1)

2. Pronunciation: Heteronyms (list 2)
3. Pronunciation: Heteronyms (list 3)

Abbreviations:
sth = something
sb = somebody
usu. = usually
esp. = especially
v. = verb
n. = noun
adv. = adverb
adj. = adjective
pl. n. = plural noun
pron. = pronoun
prep. = prepositon
tr. v. = transitive verb
intr. v. = intransitive verb
phr. v. = phrasal verb
pr. pp. = present participle
pt. pp. = past participle
AmE = American English
BrE = British English
Lit. = Literary / Literal
Fig. = Figurative
Prov. = proverb
fml = formal
infml = informal

1. Verbs + Prepositions
A
● accuse sb of
● advise sb on/about sth
● agree with sb about/on sth
● aim at
● apologise to sb for sth
● apply to sb/sth for sth
● approve of
● argue with sb about/for sth
● arrest sb for sth
● arrive at a building
● arrive in a city / town / country
● ask for
● associate with
___________________
B
● beg for
● believe in
● belong to
● benefit from
● beware of
● blame sb for sth
● blame sth on sb
● boast about/of
● borrow from
___________________
C
● care about sb/sth
● care for sb/sth
● choose from/between
● collaborate with
● combine with
● comment on
● communicate with
● compare with/to
● compete with sb for sth
● complain to sb about/of sth
● concentrate on sth
● confess sth to sb
● congratulate sb on sth
● connect to/with
● consist of
● contrast with
● contribute to
● cooperate with sb
● cope with
● cover sb in/with sth
● criticise for
___________________
D
● deal with
● decide on
● dedicate sth to sb
● depart from
● depend on
● describe sth to sb
● differ from
● disagree with sb about/on sth
● disapprove of
● discourage from
● distinguish between
● divide sth between/among
● divide sth into
● divide by (Maths)
● dream about/of
___________________
E
● escape from
● exchange sth for sth else
● excuse sb for/from
● experiment on sb/sth with sth
● explain sth to sb
___________________
F
● fight with
● fill sth with sth else
● forget about
___________________
G
● glance at
___________________
H
● head for/towards
● hear about/of sb/sth
● hear from sb
● hope for
___________________
I
● include in
● insist on
● introduce sb to sb/sth
● invest in
● invite to
● involve in
___________________
J
● join in
___________________
K
● know about sth
___________________
L
● lean on/against
● lie to sb about sth
● listen to
___________________
M
● (be) made of/from
● mean by
● mention to
● mistake sb/sth for sb/sth else
___________________
O
● object to sb/sth
● occur to
___________________
P
● pay for
● point at/to
● praise sb for sth
● pray for sb/sth
● prefer to
● prepare for
● prevent from
● protect sb from/against sth
● protest about/against/at
● provide sb with sth
● provide sth for sb
● punish sb for
● put the blame for sth on sb
___________________
Q
● quarrel with sb about sth
___________________
R
● receive sth from sb
● recover from
● reduce sth to
● refer to
● regard sb/sth as
● relate to
● rely on
● remind sb about sth
● remind sb of sb/sth
● replace sth with sth else
● rescue sb from
● result from
● result in
● retire from
___________________
S
● save sb from
● sentence sb to
● shout at
● smile at/to
● speak to/with sb
● specialise in
● spend money on sth
● stare at
● steal sth from sb
● succeed in
● suffer from
● supply sb with sth
● suspect sb of
___________________
T
● take care of sb/sth
● talk to/with sb about sth
● thank for
● think of/about
● translate from
___________________
V
● vote for/against
___________________
W
● wait for
● warn sb about/against/of
● waste money on sth
● wonder about
● worry about

2. Adjectives + Prepositions
A
● accustomed to
● addicted to
● afraid of
● amazed at/by
● amused at/with
● angry at sth
● angry with sb
● annoyed about sth
● annoyed with sb
● anxious about
● ashamed of
● astonished at/by
● aware of
___________________
B
● bad at sth
● bored with sth
● bound to
● busy with
___________________
C
● capable of
● careful of
● careless about/of
● certain about/of
● close to
● concerned about/for
● confident of/about
● conscious of
● crazy about
● crowded with
● cruel to
● curious about
___________________
D
● delighted with
● dependent on
● different from/to
● disgusted by/at
● dissatisfied with sb/sth
___________________
E
● engaged to sb
● enthusiastic about
● envious of
● equal to
● excellent at
● excited about
● experienced in
___________________
F
● faithful to
● familiar to sb
● familiar with sb/sth
● famous for
● fed up with
● fond of
● free from/of sth
● friendly with/to
● frightened of
● full of
___________________
G
● generous to sb
● good at sth
● good for sb/sth
● good to sb
● grateful to sb for sth
● guilty of/about
___________________
H
● handy for
● happy about/with sth/sb
● happy for sb
● harmful to
___________________
I
● identical to
● impressed by/with
● incapable of
● independent of
● indifferent (to sb/sth)
● inferior to
● interested in
___________________
J
● jealous of
___________________
K
● keen on (doing) sth
● known as
___________________
L
● late for
___________________
M
● mad about/on sb/sth
● mad at/with sb
● married to
● mean to sb
___________________
N
● nervous about
___________________
P
● patient with
● pleased with
● polite to
● popular with
● proud of
___________________
R
● ready for
● relevant to
● reluctant to
● respected for
● responsible for
● rude to
___________________
S
● safe from
● satisfied with sb/sth
● separate from
● serious about
● shocked by/at
● short of
● similar to
● sorry for sb
● sorry for/about sth
● suitable for
● superior to
● sure of/about sth
● surprised at/by
● suspicious of
___________________
T
● terrible at
● terrified of
● tired of
● typical of
___________________
U
● unaware of
● upset about
● useful for sth
● useful to sb
___________________
W
● weak at sth
● worried about
● wrong about

3. Nouns + Prepositions
A
● advantage of
● (give) advice on
● an answer to
___________________
C
● a comparison between
● a complaint about
● a connection between/with
___________________
D
● damage to
● a decrease in
● a delay in
● a demand for
● a description of
● a difference between/in/of
● disadvantage of
___________________
E
● an example of
● an exception to
● an expert at/in/on sth
___________________
F
● a failure in
___________________
H
hope for
___________________
I
● an increase in
● influence on
● an intention of (doing sth)
___________________
K
● knowledge of
___________________
L
● a lack of
___________________
N
● a need for
___________________
O
● an opinion of/about/in
● an opportunity for
● the opposite of
___________________
P
● protection from
● (take) pride in
___________________
Q
● a question about
___________________
R
● a reaction to
● a reason for
● a reduction in
● a relationship between
● a relationship with sb
● a reply to
● a report on
● a reputation for
● the result of
● a rise in
___________________
S
● a search for
● shame on sb
● (take) shelter from
● a solution to
● a specialist in
● (feel) sympathy for
___________________
T
● a talent for
● a taste of
● a taste for
● a threat to
___________________
U
● an understanding of

4. Prepositions
Ahead
● ahead/behind schedule
___________________
As
● as a matter of fact
● as a result of
● as a rule
● as far as
● as far as I know
= to the best of my knowledge
● as long as
___________________
At
● at + address
● at a glance
● at a guess
● at a loss
● at any cost / at all cost/s
● at any rate
● at ease
● at first
● at first sight
● at heart
● at … km/miles per hour
● at large
● at last
● at least
● at night
● at noon
● at once
● at random
● at school
● at short notice
● at the age of
● at the back of
● at the beginning (of)
● at the corner
● at the crossroads
● at the door
● at the end (of)
● at the expense of
● at the front
● at the hospital
● at the latest
● at the moment
● at the sight of
● at the top/bottom of
● at the weekend
● at university
● at work
___________________
By
● by accident
● by all accounts
● by all means
● by bus/car/plane
● by chance
● by cheque/credit card
● by day/nigh
● by far
● by force
● by hand
● by heart
● by means of
● by mistake
● by now
● by oneself
● by one's side
● by phone/post/airmail
● by profession
● (take) by surprise
___________________
For
● for a change
● for a while
● for ages
● for certain/sure
● for example
● for fear of
● for granted
● for hire/rent
● for instance
● for life
● for one's sake
● for the sake of
● for sale
___________________
From
● from experience
● from now/then on
___________________
In
● in + month/season
● in + year/century
● all in all
● in a bad/good mood
● in a mess
● in a queue
● in a row/rows
● in a state
● in a while
● in addition (to)
● in aid of
● in advance
● in answer to
● in any case
● in captivity
● in case of
● in cash
● in charge of
● in comfort
● in common
● in conclusion
● in connection with
● in contact with
● in court
● in debt
● in detail
● in difficulty
● in exchange for
● in fact
● in favour of
● in flames
● in full
● in general
● in half
● in haste
● in honour of
● in hospital
● in instalments
● in memory
● in need of
● in/out of action
● in/out of business
● in/out of control
● in/out of danger
● in/out of demand
● in/out of fashion
● in/out of hand
● in/out of order
● in/out of place
● in/out of print
● in/out of season
● in/out of shape
● in/out of sight
● in/out of stock
● in/out of touch
● in/out of use
● in one's opinion
● in other words
● in pain
● in pairs
● in particular
● in person
● in practice
● in prison
● in private
● in progress
● in public
● in reality
● in/with reference to
● in relation to
● in reply to
● in return
● in secret
● in shock
● in short
● in sight of
● in summary
● in support of
● in the beginning
● in the centre (of)
● in the city/country
● in the corner of
● in the end
● in the first place
● in the future
● in the long/short run
● in the meantime
● in the middle (of)
● in the mood for
● in the morning/afternoon/evening
● in the mountains
● in the North/South
● in the streets
● in the suburbs
● in this respect
● in touch with
● in town
● in trouble (with)
● in vain
● in writing
___________________
Into
● into pieces
● (come) into power
___________________
On
● on [a] + day
● on + date
● on + road/avenue
● on a diet
● on a farm
● on a journey/trip/tour
● on an excursion
● on an island
● on account of
● on approval
● on arrival
● on average/the average
● on behalf of
● on board
● on business
● on credit
● on demand
● on display
● on/off duty
● on easy terms
● on fire
● on good/bad terms
● on holiday
● on impulse
● on one's birthday
● on one's mind
● on one's own
● on page
● on purpose
● on sale
● on schedule
● on second thought/s
● on strike
● on television
● on time
● on top of
● on the back of
● on the contrary
● on the corner
● on the floor
● on the house
● on the left/right
● on the market
● on the move
● on the one/other hand
● on the outskirts
● on the phone
● on the point of
● on the radio
● on/off the road
● on the whole
● on weekdays
___________________
Out
● out of breath
● out of date
● out of the ordinary
● out of practice
● out of the question
● out of reach
● out of the ark / went out with the ark (Brit.)
= behind the times
= having seen better days
● out of the question
● out of tune (with sb/sth)
≠ in tune (with sb/sth)
● out of work
___________________
To
● to one's amazement
● to one's astonishment
● to one's surprise
● to some extent
● to the best of my knowledge
= as far as I know
● to this day
___________________
Under
● under age
● under arrest
● under control
● under pressure
● under repair
● under strain
● under the circumstances
● under the impression
● under the weather
___________________
With
● with regard to
● with respect to
● with a view to
● with the exception of
___________________
Without
● without [a] doubt
● without delay
● without fail
● without warning

1. Noun + Of + Noun Collocations

Piece: THESAURUS
Bit of sth
● a bit of paper
● a bit of food
● a bit of wood
● a bit of metal
● a bit of rock
● a bit of stone
● a bit of glass
● a bit of cloth
--------------------
Lump of sth
● a lump of sugar
● a lump of coal
● a lump of metal
● a lump of rock
● a lump of wood
● a lump of clay
--------------------
Scrap of sth
● a scrap of paper
● a scrap of cloth
● a scrap material
● a scrap of food
● a scrap of wood
--------------------
Strip of sth
● a strip of paper
● a strip of cloth
● a strip of fabric
● a strip of plastic
● a strip of land
● a strip of grass
● a strip of beach
--------------------
Sheet of sth
● a sheet of paper
● a sheet of glass
● a sheet of metal
● a sheet of ice
● a sheet of plastic
● a sheet of card
--------------------
Slice of sth
● a slice of bread
● a slice of toast
● a slice of pizza
● a slice of cake
● a slice of cheese
● a slice of meat
● a slice of lemon
● a slice of tomato
--------------------
Chunk of sth
● a chunk of rock
● a chunk of ice
● a chunk of bread
● a chunk of metal
● a chunk of fruit
--------------------
Hunk of sth
● a hunk of bread
● a hunk of cheese
● a hunk of meat
● a hunk of metal
--------------------
Block of sth
● a block of ice
● a block of wood
● a block of stone
● a block of marble
● a block of concrete
--------------------
Slab of sth
● a slab of stone
● a slab of rock
● a slab of meat
● a slab of pie
● a slab of butter
--------------------
Cube of sth
● a cube of sugar
● a cube of ice
--------------------
Wedge of sth
● a wedge cheese
● a wedge of lemon
● a wedge of pie
--------------------
Bar of sth
● a bar of chocolate
● a bar of of soap
--------------------
Segment of sth
● a segment of an orange
--------------------
Rasher of sth (Brit.)
● a rasher of bacon (Brit.)
--------------------
 Fragment of sth
● a fragment of rock
● a fragment of bone
● a fragment of glass
● a fragment of metal
--------------------
Speck of sth
● a speck of dust
● a speck of dirt
--------------------
Drop of sth
● a drop of water
● a drop of rain
● a drop of blood
● a drop of moisture
● a drop of milk
● a drop of whisky

2. Noun + Of + Noun Collocations

01. an attack of asthma / flu / malaria
02. bales of hay / straw / cotton / wool
03. a tube of toothpaste
04. a bar of chocolate / soap
05. a barrage / hail of questions
06. a chain of events
07. a flash of lightning
08. a clap of thunder
09. a flight of stairs / steps
10. a ray of light / sunlight
11. a glimmer / ray of hope
12. a grain of salt / sand / sugar
a grain of truth (Fig.)
13. a gust of wind
14. a hail / rain of bullets
15. a jar of jam / coffee / honey
16. a lump of sugar / coal / cheese / wood
17. a pack of hounds / dogs / wolves
18. patches of mist
19. a loaf of bread
20. a plot of land
21. a row of houses / trees
22. a scrap of paper
a scrap of evidence / information (Fig.)
23. a wad of notes / money / banknotes
24. a show of hands
25. a stroke of luck / fortune
a stroke of genius / inspiration
26. a burst / round of applause
27. a range of mountains
28. a stick of chalk / chewing gum/dynamite
29. a suit of armour
30. term of office
31. a whiff of garlic / perfume / tobacco
32. an army of volunteers / workmen
an army of ants
33. a box of chocolates / matches
34. a chest of drawers
35. a speck / mote of dust
36. a slice of bread / cake

3. Noun + Of + Noun Collocations

01. a string of beads / pearls
02. a tuft of hair / grass
03. a volley of bullets / arrows/stones
a volley of insults / criticisms / abuse / questions (Fig.)
04. a board of directors / governors / trustees / advisers / examiners
05. a breath of (fresh) air
a breath of suspicion / scandal (Fig.)
06. a bundle of nerves
07. a cloud of dust / (toxic) gas / smoke / steam
a cloud of flies / mosquitoes / locusts
a cloud of suspicion / anxiety / misery / uncertainty (Fig.)
08. a dose of medicine / cough mixture / penicillin
a dose of radiation / poison
a dose of flu/bronchitis
a dose of bad luck / bad news (Fig.)
a dose of flattery / reality
09. flight of fancy / imagination / fantasy
10. a flush of anger / embarrassment / excitement / enthusiasm / pleasure
11. a surge of anger / fear / excitement / emotion / desire / anxiety
12. a galaxy of stars / artists / singers / actors / actresses / beautiful women (Fig.)
13. a hail of bullets / arrows / stones / missiles
a hail of abuse / insults / curses / criticism / protest / questions
14. a length of rope / wire / string / fabric / pipe
15. a pack of hounds / (wild) dogs / wolves
a pack of reporters / journalists / thieves
a pack of cards
a pack of cigarettes / gum (Amer.)
a pack of lies
16. a pinch of salt / pepper
17. a pride of lions
18. a herd of cattle / elephants / goats

4. Paired Idioms
1. one's (own) FLESH AND BLOOD
2. be/stand HEAD AND SHOULDERS above sb/sth
3. be all FINGERS AND THUMBS (UK) / be all thumbs (US)
4. the LIFE (AND SOUL) of the party
5. WEAR AND TEAR
6. GIVE AND TAKE
7. fight TOOTH AND NAIL
8. PROS AND CONS
9. through THICK AND THIN
10. be/live like CAT AND DOG
11. in/by FITS AND STARTS
12. sb’s BREAD AND BUTTER
13. BITS AND PIECES (UK also BITS AND BOBS)
14. at SIXES AND SEVENS
15. UPS AND DOWNS
16. be MEAT AND DRINK to sb
17. be under LOCK AND KEY
18. to/for all INTENTS AND PURPOSES
19. STUFF AND NONSENSE
20. LOCK, STOCK, AND BARREL
21. serve sb HAND AND FOOT | wait on sb HAND AND FOOT
21. be at sb's BECK AND CALL
23. be SKIN AND BONE/S | nothing but SKIN AND BONE/S
24. be a matter of LIFE AND DEATH
25. have (the) WAYS AND MEANS
26. raise a HUE AND CRY about sth

1. Similes – As
● (as) blind as a bat
● (as) clear as a bell
= (as) clear as crystal
● (as) dry as a bone
= (as) dry as dust
● (as) fit as a fiddle
● (as) fit as a flea (UK)
● (as) free as a bird
● (as) gentle as a lamb
● (as) graceful as a swan
● (as) happy as a clam (at high tide)
= (as) happy as a clam (in butter sauce)
= (as) happy as a lark
= (as) happy as can be
● (as) light as a feather
● (as) plain as day
= (as) plain as the nose on one's face
= (as) plain as a pikestaff (UK)
● (as) ugly as sin
--> (as) guilty as sin
--> (as) miserable as sin
● (as) wise as an owl
= (as) wise as Solomon
● (as) white as a sheet
= (as) white as a ghost
= (as) white as snow
= (as) white as the driven snow

2. Similes – Like
● eat like a bird
≠ eat like a horse
--------------------
● fit [sb] like a glove
--------------------
● sleep like a log
= sleep like a top
= sleep like a baby

1- Common Prefixes:
Prefix ........... Meaning ..................... Examples
A- ................. not, without ............... amoral, atheist
AB- ............... from, away from ........ absent, abstain
AD- ............... to, towards ................ advance, adverse
AMBI- ........... both, double, two ...... ambiguous, ambidextrous
ANTE- ........... before, in front of ...... antedate, anteroom
ANTI- ........... opposed to, against ... antibiotic,antifeeze
BENE- ........... good, well ................... beneficial, benevolence
BI- ............... two, twice .................. bilateral, bicycle
CENT- (CENTI/E-) ... a hundred ........ centimetre, century
CIRCUM- ..... around ........................ circumnavigate, circumscribe
CO- ............. together with ............. coordinate, combine
CONTRA- (COUNTER-) ... against ..... contravene, counter-claim
DIS- ............ opposite of, not ......... disagree, disorder
EN- ............. make into, cause to be endanger, encourage
EX-¹ ........... out, out of, from ......... exhale, expire
EX-² ........... at one time, former .... ex-husband, ex-president
FORE- ......... before, in front of ...... foretell, forewarn
HYPER- ...... to an extreme degree hypersensitive, hypertension
IN- (IL-, IM-, IR-)¹ ... not ............... immoral, irrelevant
IN- (IL-, IM-, IR-)² ... in, on, into ... intake, inject
INTER- ....... between, among ....... international, intercontinental
MID- .......... middle ....................... midnight, midland
MIS- .......... wrong, not ................ misplace, misunderstand
MONO- ...... one, single ................. monochrome, monotone
MULTI- ...... many ......................... multi-coloured, multiply
NON- ......... not ............................ nonsense, non-stop
POST- ....... after .......................... post-war, post-colonial
PRE- ......... before ....................... premature, pre-war
RE- ........... again ........................ rewrite, regain
SELF- ........ one's self, alone ....... self-service, self-taught
SEMI- ........ half, midway ............ semiprivate, semi-detached
SUB-¹ ........ under ....................... subsoil, subway
SUB-²......... lower in rank ........... sub-committee, substandard
SUPER-¹ ... above, over .............. supermarket, superstructure
SUPER-² ... superior to, more than superpower, superhuman
TRANS-¹ ... across ....................... transcontinental; transaction
TRANS-² ... to a changed state ... transform, transcribe
UN- ........... not, opposite of ......... unable, unlock
UNI- .......... one, the same ........... union, unisex
UP- ........... to a higher or better state upgrade, upstairs

2- Some Noun-Forming Suffixes:

Suffix ......................... Examples
-AGE ........................... mileage, wreckage
-AL ............................. refusal, dismissal
-AN ............................. American, repuplican
-ANCE (-ENCE) ............ avoidance, intelligence
-ANCY (-ENCY) ........... brilliancy, agency
-ANT (-ENT) ................ recipient, deterrent
-ARD (-ART) .............. drunkard, braggart
-ARY .......................... dictionary, secretary
-ATION ....................... conversation, organization
-CY ............................. accuracy, legacy
-DOM .......................... freedom, kingdom
-EE .............................. employee, refugee
-ER (-AR, -IER, -OR, -EER) ... teacher, liar, actor, engineer
-ERY ........................... robbery, recovery
-ESS ........................... manageress, mistress
-HOOD ........................ childhood, neighbourhood
-ICE ............................ prejudice, cowardice
-ION (-SION, -TION) .... assumption, expansion
-ISM ........................... criticism, socialisrn
-IST ............................ egoist, feminis
-lTY ............................ probability, possibility
-LET ........................... statelet, platelet
-MENT ........................ agreement, disappointment
-NESS ........................ whiteness, eagerness
-SHIP ......................... friendship, kinship
-T ............................... complaint, weight
-TH ............................. health, wealth
-URE, -ATURE ............. pressure, signature
-Y ............................... honesty, delivery

3- Some Adjective-Forming Suffixes:

Suffix .............. Meaning ........................................ Examples
-ABLE (-IBLE) .. showing qualities of, that can be .. portable, flexible
-AL .................. having qualities of ........................ natural, magical
-AN (-IAN) ...... contemporary with; proponent of .. Elizabethan, Freudian
-ANT (-ENT) .... having the character of .................. significant, dependent
-ATE (-ITE) ..... having ............................................ affectionate, passionate
-ARY .............. connected with ............................. planetary, budgetary
-FUL ................ full of ............................................. skilful, meaningful
-IC (-ICAL) ...... resembling ..................................... romantic, theatrical
-ISH .............. resembling, in the manner of ......... childish, snobbish
-IVE .............. having a tendency towards ............ constructive, impulsive
-LESS ........... without ........................................... helpless, useless
-LIKe ............ bearing resemblance; similar to .... childlike, lifelike
-LY ............... like ................................................. cowardly, friendly
-ORY ............ relating to ...................................... compulsory, explanatory
-OUS ............ having the qualities of, full of ......... famous, vigorous
-WORTHY .... deserving ........................................ trustworthy, praiseworthy
-Y ................ resembling, full of ........................... gloomy, salty

4. Some Verb-Forming Affixes:

Affix ..... Adjective --> Verb
-en ......... dark ......... darken
-en ......... short ........ shorten
-en ......... deep ......... deepen
-en ......... mad .......... madden
--------------------
Affix ........ Noun --> Verb
-en ......... height ....... heighten

5. Affixes of Negation:
Affix ....................... Examples
in- --> in+(…) ....... incorrect, indecent
in- --> il+l .............. illegal, illogical
im- --> im+m/p/b .. immoral, imperfect
ir- --> ir+r ............. irregular, irresponsible
--------------------
un- --> un+(…) ....... undone, unfit
un- --> un+m/p/b .. unmanly, unpleasant
un- --> un+r ........... unreal, unreliable
--------------------
dis- ....................... disadvantage (n.)
dis- ....................... disobedient (adj.)
dis- ....................... disagree (v.)
dis- ....................... disagreeably (adv.)
--------------------
comfort (n./v.) ≠ discomfort
comfortable (adj.) ≠ uncomfortable
satisfaction (n.) ≠ dissatisfaction
satisfactory (adj.) ≠ unsatisfactory

6. Roots (144)
Root .............. Meaning ............ Example
A
1. ac ............... bitter, sharp ..... acrid
2. agog ........... leader ............... demagogue
3. agri (agrari) field ................. agriculture
4. ali ............... other ................ alienate
5. alt .............. high ................... altostratus
6. alter ........... other ................ alternative
7. am .............. love .................. amiable
8. anim ........... soul ................... animadversion
9. anthrop ...... man, people ..... anthropology
10. arch .......... ruler ................. monarch
11. aud ........... hear ................. auditory
12. auto ......... self .................... autocracy
___________________
B
13. belli .......... war ................... bellicose
14. ben .......... good .................. benevolence
15. biblio ........ book .................. bibliophile
16. bio ............ life .................... biosphere
___________________
C
17. cap ........... take .................. caprice
18. capit ......... head ................. capitulate
19. carn ......... flesh .................. incarnate
20. ced ........... go ..................... accede
21. celer ......... swift ................. accelerate
22. cent .......... one hundred .... centurion
23. chron ........ time .................. chronology
24. cide .......... cut, kill .............. fratricide
25. cit ............. to call ............... recite
26. civ ............ citizen ............... civility
27. cord .......... heart ................ cordial
28. corp .......... body ................. corporeal
29. cosm ......... universe ........... cosmopolitan
30. crat .......... power ............... plutocrat
31. cred ......... belief ................. incredulous
32. cur ........... to care .............. curable
___________________
D
33. deb ........... debt ................. debit
34. dem .......... people .............. demagogue
35. dic ............ to say ............... Dictaphone
36. doc ........... to teach ........... doctorate
37. dynam …... power ............... dynamism
___________________
E
38. ego ........... I ....................... egocentric
39. err ............ to wander ........ errant
40. eu ............. good ................. euphemism
___________________
F
41. fac (fic, fec/t) to make ....... affectation
42. fall ............ false .................. infallible
43. fer ............ to carry ............ fertile
44. fid ............. faith .................. confidence
45. fin ............. end ................... finish
46. fort ........... strong .............. fortitude
___________________
G
47. gen ........... race, group ...... genocide
48. geo............ earth ................ geology
49. germ ......... vital part .......... germane
50. gest .......... carry ................ gesticulate
51. gnosi ......... know ................ prognosis
52. grad (gress) step ............... transgress
53. graph ........ writing ............. calligraphy
54. grav .......... heavy .............. gravitate
55. greg .......... crowd .............. egregious
___________________
H
56. habit ......... to have, live ..... habituate
57. hema (hemo) blood ............. hemorrhage
58. hetero ....... different .......... heterogeneous
59. homo ......... same ................ homogenized
60. hum ........... earth, man ....... humble
___________________
J
61. jac (jec) .... throw ............... interjection
62. jud ............. judge ............... judicious
63. junct (join) combine ........... disjunctive
64. jus (jur) ..... law, to swear .. adjure
___________________
L
65. leg ............. law ................... legislator
66. liber .......... free .................. libertine
67. lic .............. permit .............. illicit
68. loc ............. place ................ locomotion
69. log ............ word ................. logic
70. loqu .......... speak ................ soliloquy
___________________
M
71. macro ....... large ................. macrobiotics
72. magn ........ large ................. magnanimous
73. mal ........... bad ................... malevolent
74. manu ........ by hand ............ manuscript
75. matr ......... mother ............. matriarch
76. medi ......... middle ............... medieval
77. meter ....... measure ........... perimeter
78. mit (miss).. send ................. missive
79. morph ....... form, structure anthropomorphic
80. mut ........... change ............. immutable
___________________
N
81. nat (nasc) born ................. nascent
82. neg ........... deny ................. renegade
83. nomen ...... name ................ nominal
84. nov ........... new .................. innovative
___________________
O
85. omni .......... all ..................... omniscient
86. oper (opus) work ................ operative
___________________
P
87. pac (plais).. please .............. complaisant
88. pater (patr) father ............. expatriate
89. path .......... disease, feeling pathos
90. ped (pod).. foot ................... pedestal
91. pel (puls) .. push ................. impulsive
92. pen ........... hang ................. appendix
93. phil ........... love ................... philanthropic
94. pict ........... paint ................. depict
95. poli ........... city .................... metropolis
96. port .......... carry ................. deportment
97. pos (pon).. to place ............. posit
98. pot ........... power ................ potentate
99. put ........... think .................. computer
___________________
R
100. rect (reg) straight ............ rectitude
101. ridi (risi) .. laughter ........... derision
102. rog .......... beg ................... interrogate
103. rupt ......... break ............... interruption
___________________
S
104. sanct ....... holy ................. sanctimonious
105. sangui ...... blood ............... sanguinary
106. sat ........... enough ............ satiate
107. sci ............ know ............... conscience
108. scrib (script) to write ....... circumscribe
109. sequ (secu) follow ............ sequence
110. simil (simul) resembling ..... simile
111. solv (solut) loosen ............ absolve
112. soph ......... wisdom ........... unsophisticated
113. spec ......... look ................. circumspect
114. spir .......... breathe ........... aspire
115. strict (string) bind ............ astringent
116. stru ......... build ................. construe
___________________
T
117. tact (tang, tig) touch ....... intangible
118. techni ...... skill .................. technique
119. tempor .... time ................. temporal
120. ten ........... hold ................. tenacious
121. term ......... end ................. interminable
122. terr .......... earth .............. extraterrestrial
123. test .......... to witness ...... testimony
124. the ........... god ................. theocracy
125. therm ....... heat ............... thermodynamics
126. tom .......... cut .................. epitome
127. tort (tors) twist ............... distortion
128. tract ........ draw, pull ........ abstract
129. trib ........... bestow ........... attribute
130. trud (trus) push ................ protrude
131. tuit (tut) .. teach .............. intuitive
___________________
U
132. ultima ....... last ................. penultimate
133. ultra ......... beyond ........... ultraviolet
134. urb ........... city ................. urbane
___________________
V
135. vac ........... empty ............. vacuous
136. val ............ strength, valor valediction
137. ven ........... come ............... adventure
138. ver ........... true ................. veracity
139. verb ......... word ................ verbose
140. vest ......... clothe .............. travesty
141. vic ............ change ............ vicissitude
142. vit (viv) .... alive ................ vivacious
143. voc ........... voice ............... vociferous
144. vol ............ wish ................ volition

Foreign Phrases (155)

Letters in brackets stand for the language from which the phrase comes, as follows:

Ar. ........... Arabic

Fr. ............ French
Ger. ......... German
Haw. ........ Hawaiian
Heb. ......... Hebrew
Ire. ........... Irish
It. ............. Italian
L. .............. Latin
Sp. ............ Spanish

Foreign Phrase ........................... Definition

A
● adeste fidelis [L.] .................... always faithful
● ad hoc [L.] ............................... temporary
● à droite [Fr.] ............................ on the right
● affaire d’honneur [Fr.] ............. a matter of honor
● à gauche [Fr.] .......................... on the left
● à la rigeur [Fr.] ........................ strictly speaking; if absolutely needed
● aloha oe [Haw.] ....................... greetings; love to you; farewell
● alter ego [L.] ........................... other self; constant companion
● amicus curiae [L.] ..................... friend of the court
● amor vincit omnia [L.] .............. “Love conquers all.” ~ Virgil
● anno regni [L.] ......................... year in the reign of
● à pied [Fr.] ............................... on foot
● ars gratia artis [L.] .................. art for art’s sake
● au contraire [Fr.] ..................... to the contrary
● autre chose [Fr.] ...................... other thing
● aux armes [Fr.] ......................... to arms
● avant garde [Fr.] ...................... vanguard; on the cutting edge (esp. In the arts)
● avec plaisir [Fr.] ........................ with pleasure
● à votre santé [Fr.] ..................... to your taste
___________________
B
● ben trovato [It.] ........................ well conceived; ingenious
● bien entendu [Fr.] ..................... well understood; of course
● bon appétit [Fr.] ........................ good appetite; enjoy
● bonjour [Fr.] .............................. good day; hello
● bonne chance [Fr.] .................... good luck
● bonsoir [Fr.] ............................... good evening
● buenas noches [Sp.] .................. good night
● buenos dias [Sp.] ....................... good day; hello
___________________
C
● camino real [Sp.] ...................... royal road; high road
● caveat emptor [L.] ................... Let the buyer beware!
● cave canem [L.] ........................ Beware of the dog!
● c’est la guerre [Fr.] ................... That’s war!
● c’est la vie [Fr.] ......................... That’s life!
● cherchez la femme [Fr.] ............ look for the woman
● cogito, ergo sum! [L.] ............... “I think, therefore I am.” ~ Descartes
● comédie noir [Fr.] ..................... black comedy
● comme ci, comme ça [Fr.] ........ like this, like that; so, so
● concordia discors [L.] .............. harmony in discord
● coup de grace [Fr.] .................. deathblow
● coup d’etat [Fr.] ...................... Lit. blow to the state; overthrow the state government
● coup de maître [Fr.] ................. masterstroke
___________________
D
● danke schön [Ger.] ................... thank you very much
● danse macabre [Fr.] ................. dance of death
● de facto [L.] .............................. in fact
● de gustibus non est disputandum [L.] ... one can’t argue taste
● Dei gratia [L.] ........................... by the grace of God
● de nouveau [Fr.] ...................... new
● Dominus vobiscum [L.] ............. may God be with you
___________________
E
● en ami [Fr.] .............................. in friendship
● en bloc [Fr.] ............................. all together
● en clair [Fr.] ............................. clear; not in code
● enfant terribile [Fr.] ................ Lit. terrible child; child whose behavior causes shock and
dismay; mischievous or outrageous one
● en garde [Fr.] ........................... on guard
● en suite [Fr.] ............................ in succession
● entre nous [Fr.] ........................ between us
● Erin go bragh [Ire.] .................. Ireland forever
● ex more [L.] .............................. customary
● ex post facto [L.] ...................... Lit. what is done after; retroactive
___________________
F
● femme de chambre [Fr.] ........... chambermaid
● fille [Fr.] .................................... daughter
● fils [Fr.] ..................................... son
___________________
G
● garçon [Fr.] ............................... boy; waiter
● gendarme [Fr.] .......................... policeman
● Gesellschaft [Ger.] .................... commercial company
● Gotterdämmerung [Ger.] .......... twilight of the gods
● gracias [Sp.] ............................. thank you
● gravitas [L.] .............................. solemnity
● guten Tag [Ger.] ....................... good day
___________________
H
● habeas corpus [L.] .................... Lit. to have a body
● hasta la vista [Sp.] .................... until next time; so long
● haut monde [Fr.] ........................ high society
● homme du monde [Fr.] .............. Lit. man of the world; sophisticate
___________________
L
● id est [L.] .................................. that is
● in perpetuum [L.] ...................... forever
● inshallah [Ar.] ........................... God willing
● in utero [L.] ............................... in the womb
● in vino veritas [L.] ..................... in wine there is truth
___________________
J
● j’accuse [Fr.] ............................. “I accuse!” ~ Zola
● jeu de mots [Fr.] ....................... play on words
● jeune fille [Fr.] .......................... young girl
___________________
K
● Kamerad [Ger.] ......................... friend
___________________
L
● laissez-faire [Fr.] ...................... let be; leave alone; hands off
● le chaim [Heb.] ......................... to life
● le monde [Fr.] ........................... the world
● l’etat, c’est moi [Fr.] ................ “I am the state!” ~ attrib. to Louis XIV
___________________
M
● mano a mano [Sp.] ................... hand in hand
● mea culpa [L.] .......................... my fault
● merci beaucoup [Fr.] ................ thank you very much
● mère [Fr.] ................................. mother
● Missa solemnis [L.] ................... High Mass (Roman Catholic)
● mitzvah [Heb.] .......................... blessing; commandment
___________________
N
● n’est-ce pas? [Fr.] .................... Isn’t it so?
● nicht wahr? [Ger.] .................... Isn’t it so?
● nil desperandum [L.] ................ “never desperate” ~ Horace
● noblesse oblige [Fr.] ................ the inferred obligation of high-ranking people to behave well
toward others
● nom de plume [Fr.] .................. pen name
● non sequitur [L.] ...................... a remark having no bearing on what was just said; an illogical
conclusion from the facts
● nouveau riche [Fr.] ................... newly rich, and hence unschooled in the appropriate behavior
of the wealthy
___________________
O
● omnia vincit amor [L.] .............. “Love conquers all!” ~ Virgil
● on dit [Fr.] ................................. Lit. one says; it is said
● o tempora! o mores! [L.] ........... “Oh times! Oh morals!” ~ Cicero, meaning “What a time we
live in!”
___________________
P
● par avion [Fr.] ........................... by airplane; airmail
● par exemple [Fr.] ...................... for example
● Pax Britannica [L.] .................... peace imposed by Britain
● Pax Romana [L.] ....................... peace imposed by Rome
● pax vobiscum [L.] ..................... peace be with you
● père [Fr.] .................................. father
● peu à peu [Fr.] .......................... little by little
● peu de chose [Fr.] ..................... small thing; a trifle
● peut être [Fr.] ........................... perhaps
● pièce de résistance [Fr.] ........... the main item
● por favor [Sp.] .......................... please
● pro bono [L.] ............................. free; without compensation
● pro bono publico [L.] ................ for the public good
● pro forma [L.] ........................... according to form
● pro patria [L.] ........................... for one’s country
___________________
Q
● quand même [Fr.] ................... just the same; regardless of consequences
● ¿qué pasa? [Sp.] .................... What’s happening?
● que sera, sera [Fr.] ................ what will be, will be
● quid pro quo [L.] ..................... one thing in return for another
● qui va là? [Fr.] ........................ Who goes there?
● quod erat demonstrandum [L.] ... which is (was) to be demonstrated
● quo vadis? [L.] ........................ Where are you going?
___________________
R
● raison d’être [Fr.] ................... reason for being
● répondez s’il vous plaît [Fr.] ... (usu. R.S.V.P.) answer please
___________________
S
● salaam [Ar.] ........................... peace (used as general greeting)
● salle à manger [Fr.] ................ dining room
● salud [Sp.] .............................. to your health
● sans doute [Fr.] ..................... without doubt
● sans pareil [Fr.] ...................... without equal
● santé [Fr.] .............................. good health
● se habla español [Sp.] ........... Spanish is spoken here.
● shalom [Heb.] ........................ peace, well-being (used as general greeting)
● s’il vous plaît [Fr.] .................. please
● status quo [L.] ....................... existing condition
___________________
T
● terra firma [L.] ....................... solid ground
● terra incognito [L.] ................ unknown land; unknown ground
● tête-à-tête [Fr.] ..................... head-to-head
● toujours [Fr.] ......................... always
● tour de force [Fr.] ................. Lit. feat of strength; an exceptionally skillful production,
performance, creation, etc.
● tout de suite [Fr.] .................. at once; immediately
● tout le monde [Fr.] ................ the whole world; everybody
● tristesse [Fr.] ........................ melancholy; sadness
___________________
U
● Übermensch [Ger.] ............... superman
● und so weiter (usw.) [Ger.] .. and so on; etcetera
___________________
V
● veni, vidi, vici [L.] ................ “I came; I saw; I conquered.” ~ Julius Caesar
● verbatim [L.] ........................ word for word
● vérité [Fr.] ............................ truth; short for cinéma vérité; realism
● vice versa [L.] ...................... the other way around; reversed
● vive la différence [Fr.] ......... Long live the difference! [between men and women]
● vive la reine [Fr.] ................. Long live the queen!
● vive le roi [Fr.] ..................... Long live the king!
● Voila! [Fr.] ............................ There it is!
___________________
W
● Wunderbar [Ger.] ................. wonderful
● Wunderkind [Ger.] ................ child prodigy
___________________
Z
● Zollverein [Ger.] .................... customs union
1. Pronunciation: Heteronyms (list 1)
Word ........... Noun ........|.... Verb
absent ........ AB.sent ......|... ab.SENT
abstract ...... AB.stract ….|... ab.STRACT
address ...... AD.dress us |... a.DDRESS
affect ......... AF.fect ........|... a.FFECT
affix ........... A.ffix ..........|... a.FFIX
alloy .......... A.lloy ..........|... a.LLOY
ally ............ A.lly ............|... a.LLY
annex ...... . AN.nex/e ….|... a.NNEX
combat ...... COM.bat .....|... com.BAT²
combine .... COM.bine ...|... com.BINE
commune .. COM.mune .|... co.MMUNE
compound . COM.pound |… com.POUND
compress ... COM.press ..|… com.PRESS
concert ...... CON.cert .....|… con.CERT
conduct ..... CON.duct ....|… con.DUCT
confine ...... CON.fine .....|… con.FINE/S
conflict ...... CON.flict .....|… con.FLICT
console ..... CON.sole .....|… con.SOLE*
consort ..... CON.sort ......|… con.SORT
construct .. CON.struct …|… con.STRUCT
content ..... CON.tent …..|… con.TENT*
contest ..... CON.test …...|… con.TEST
contract .... CON.tract ….|… con.TRACT
contrast .... CON.trast ….|… con.TRAST
converse ... CON.verse ..|… con.VERSE*
convert ..... CON.vert .....|… con.VERT
convict ..... CON.vict .....|… con.VICT
decrease ... DE.crease ...|… de.CREASE
defect ....... DE.fect² .......|... de.FECT
desert ....... DE.sert ........|... de.SERT*
digest ........ DI.gest .......|... di.GEST
discard ...... DIS.card ....|... dis.CARD
discharge .. DIS.charge |... dis.CHARGE
entrance ... EN.trance ...|... en.TRANCE
escort ....... ES.cort ........|... es.CORT
essay ........ E.ssay .........|... e.SSAY
export ....... EX.port .......|... ex.PORT
extract ...... EX.tract ......|... ex.TRACT
fragment ... FRAG.ment |... frag.MENT
impact ....... IM.pact ......|... im.PACT
import ....... IM.port .......|... im.PORT
imprint ...... IM.print ......|... im.PRINT
incense ..... IN.cense .....|... in.CENSE*
incline ....... IN.cline ......|... in.CLINE
increase .... IN.crease ....|... in.CREASE
insert ........ IN.sert ..........|... in.SERT
insult ......... IN.sult .........|... in.SULT
intern ........ IN.tern ........|... in.TERN
intrigue ..... IN.trigue .....|... in.TRIGUE
invite ......... IN.vite ........|... in.VITE
mandate ... MAN.date ...|... man.DATE²
object ....... OB.ject .......|... ob.JECT
perfect ...... PER.fect .....|... per.FECT*
permit ....... PER.mit .....|... per.MIT
present ..... PRE.sent ....|... pre.SENT
produce .... PRO.duce ..|... pro.DUCE
progress ... PRO.gress ..|... pro.GRESS
project ...... PRO.ject ....|... pro.JECT
prospect ... PRO.spect ..|... pro.SPECT
protest ..... PRO.test .....|... pro.TEST
rampage .. RAM.page ..|... ram.PAGE²
rebel ........ RE.bel ........|... re.BEL
recall ....... RE.call² ......|... re.CALL
recess ...... RE.cess² .....|... re.CESS
recoil ....... RE.coil .......|... re.COIL
record ..... RE.cord .......|... re.CORD
refuse ...... RE.fuse .......|... re.FUSE*
reject ....... RE.ject ........|... re.JECT
relay ........ RE.lay .........|... re.LAY
remit ........ RE.mit² .......|... re.MIT
remix ....... RE.mix .......|... re.MIX
rerun ....... RE.run .........|... re.RUN
retard ...... RE.tard ........|... re.TARD
subject ..... SUB.ject .....|... sub.JECT
survey ...... SUR.vey .....|... sur.VEY
suspect ..... SUS.pect ....|... sus.PECT
torment .... TOR.ment ...|... tor.MENT
--------------------
Word .......... Noun .........|.... Verb
attribute ... AT.tri.bute …|.... a.TTRI.bute

2. Pronunciation: Heteronyms (list 2)

Word ........... Noun / Adj. ....|...... Verb
advocate .... /'ædvəkət / n ….|... /'ædvəkeit/ v
affiliate ....... /ə'filiət/ n .........|… /ə'filieit/ v
aggregate .. /'ægrigət/ n/a …|... /'ægrigeit/ v
alternate .... /'o:ltərnət/ a/n …|... /'o:ltərneit/ v
animate ...... /'ænimət/ a ......|... /'ænimeit/ v
appropriate /ə'prəwpriət/ a …|... /ə'prəwprieit/ v
articulate .. /a:r'tikyulət/ a ….|... /a:r'tikyuleit/ v
associate .. /ə'səwshiət/ n …..|... /ə'səwshieit/ v
collocate ... /'ka:ləkət/ n .......|… /'ka:ləkeit/ v
coordinate /kəw'o:rdinət/ n .|... /kəw'o:rdineit/ v
degenerate /di'djenerət/a/n .|... /di'djenəreit/ v
delegate ... /'deligət/ n ........|... /'deligeit/ v
deliberate . /di'libərət/ a ......|... /di'libəreit/ v
elaborate .. /i'læbərət/ a …...|... /i'læbəreit/ v
estimate ... /'estimət/ n ........|... /'estimeit/ v
expatriate /,eks'pætriət/ n ..|… /,eks'pætrieit/ v UK
expatriate /,eks'peitriət/ n ..|… /,eks'peitrieit/ v US
graduate .. /'grædjuət/ n ......|... /'grædjueit/ v
intimate .... /'intimət/ a/n …..|... /'intimeit/ v
laminate .... /'læminət/ n .....|... /'læmineit/ v
moderate .. /'ma: dərət/ a/n .|... /'ma: dəreit/ v
separate ... /'seprət/ a ..........|... /'sepəreit/ v
subordinate /sə'bo:rdinət/a/n| /sə'bo:rdineit/ v
syndicate .. /'sindikət/ n .......|... /'sindikeit/ v

3. Pronunciation: Heteronyms (list 3)

Word .......... Noun .....|.... Verb
abuse ..... /ə'byu: s/ ….|.... /ə'byu:z/
excuse ... /ik'skyu: s/ ..|.... /ik'skyu:z/
house ..... /haws/ ...... .|..... /hawz/
misuse ... /,mis'yu: s/ ..|..... /,mis'yu:z/
use ......... /yu: s/ .........|..... /yu:z/

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Friday 10 July 2015 10:00 pm M