Winter 2012 Math 255

Problem Set 11
Solutions

1) Differentiate the two quantities with respect to time, use the chain
rule and then the rigid body equations..

17.6.18 Find a parametric representation for the surface which is the lower
half of the ellipsoid 2x2 + 4y 2 + z 2 = 1

The lower half of the ellipsoid is given by

p
z = − 1 − 2x2 − 4y 2 .
Let us choose x and y as parameters.
p
x = x, y = y, z = − 1 − 2x2 − 4y 2 .
Then, the vector equation is obtained as
p
r(x, y) = xi + yj − 1 − 2x2 − 4y 2 k.

17.6.20 Find a parametric representation for the surface which is the part
of the elliptic paraboloid x + y 2 + 2z 2 = 4 that lies in front of the plane
x=0

If you regard y and z as parameters, then the parametric equations are

x = 4 − y 2 − 2z 2 , y = y, z = z, y 2 + 2z 2 ≤ 4.
The vector equation is obtained as
r(y, z) = (4 − y 2 − 2z 2 )i + yj + zk,
where y 2 + 2z 2 ≤ 4.

1
17.6.36 Find the area of the surface which is the part of the plane with
vector equation r(u, v) = h1 + v, u − 2v, 3 − 5u + vi for 0 ≤ u ≤ 1, 0 ≤ v ≤ 1

 
∂(1 + v) ∂(u − 2v) ∂(3 − 5u + v)
ru = , , = h0, 1, −5i,
∂u ∂u ∂u
 
∂(1 + v) ∂(u − 2v) ∂(3 − 5u + v)
rv = , , = h1, −2, 1i.
∂v ∂v ∂v
The area A(S) is obtained as
Z 1Z 1
A(S) = |ru × rv | dvdu
0 0
Z 1Z 1
= |h−9, −5, −1i| dvdu
0 0
= |h−9, −5, −1i|
√
= 107.

17.6.44 Find the area of the surface of the helicoid (or spiral ramp) with
vector equation r(u, v) = u cos vi + u sin vj + vk, 0 ≤ u ≤ 1, 0 ≤ v ≤ π

 
∂u cos v ∂u sin v ∂v
ru = , , = hcos v, sin v, 0i,
∂u ∂u ∂u
 
∂u cos v ∂u sin v ∂v
rv = , , = h−u sin v, u cos v, 1i.
∂v ∂v ∂v
The area A(S) is obtained as
Z 1Z 1
A(S) = |ru × rv | dvdu
0 0
Z 1Z 1
= |hsin v, − cos v, ui| dvdu
0 0
Z 1Z 1p
= u2 + 1dvdu.
0 0

2
 −1
Let us introduce
√ t (u = sinh t). Note that by setting sinh (1) = ln s, we
obtain s = 1 + 2.
Z sinh−1 (1) p Z ln(1+√2)
A(S) = 2
sinh t + 1 cosh tdt = cosh2 tdt
0 0
 ln(1+√2)
t sinh(2t)
= +
2 4 0
√
ln(1 + 2) 1
q
+ sinh sinh−1 (1) 1 + sinh2 sinh−1 (1)


=
2 2
1h √ √ i
= ln(1 + 2) + 2 .
2

ZZ
17.7.6 Evaluate the surface integral xy dS, where S is the triangular
S
region with vertices (1, 0, 0), (0, 2, 0), and (0, 0, 2)

Let P , Q, and R be vertices (1, 0, 0), (0, 2, 0), and (0, 0, 2). Points in the
triangle are expressed as
−−→ −−→ −→ −−→
r(u, v) = OP + uP Q + v P R − P Q = (1 − u)i + (2u − 2v)j + 2vk,

where 0 ≤ u ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ v ≤ u. We obtain

 
∂(1 − u) ∂(2u − 2v) ∂2v
ru = , , = h−1, 2, 0i,
∂u ∂u ∂u
 
∂(1 − u) ∂(2u − 2v) ∂2v
rv = , , = h0, −2, 2i,
∂v ∂v ∂v
and ru × rv = h4, 2, 2i. The surface integral is calculated as
ZZ Z 1Z u √
xy dS = (1 − u)(2u − 2v)2 6dvdu
S 0 0
√ Z 1 v=u
= 2 6 (2u − 2u2 )v + (u − 1)v 2 v=0 du
0
√ Z 1 2
= 2 6 (u − u3 )du
0
1
= √ .
6

3
 ZZ
17.7.14 Evaluate the surface integral xyz dS, where S is the part of
Sp
the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 that lies above the cone z = x2 + y 2

Using the spherical coordinates, let us write the parametric equation as

x = sin φ cos θ, y = sin φ sin θ, z = cos φ,

where 0 ≤ φ ≤ π/4 and 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π (we used ρ = 1). That is

r(φ, θ) = sin φ cos θi + sin φ sin θj + cos φk.

We obtain
 
∂ sin φ cos θ ∂ sin φ sin θ ∂ cos φ
rφ = , , = hcos φ cos θ, cos φ sin θ, − sin φi,
∂φ ∂φ ∂φ
 
∂ sin φ cos θ ∂ sin φ sin θ ∂ cos φ
rθ = , , = h− sin φ sin θ, sin φ cos θ, 0i.
∂θ ∂θ ∂θ

Thus,
|rφ × rθ | = sin φ.
The surface integral is calculated as follows.
ZZ Z 2π Z π/4
xyz dS = (sin φ cos θ)(sin φ sin θ)(cos φ) |rφ × rθ | dφdθ
S 0 0
Z 2π Z π/4
= cos θ sin θ sin3 φ cos φdφdθ
0 0
Z 2π  4 π/4
1 sin φ
= sin(2θ)dθ
0 2 4 0
= 0.

RR
17.7.20 Evaluate the surface integral S F · dS for vector field F = xyi +
4x2 j + yzk and the oriented surface S that is the surface z = xey , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1,
0 ≤ y ≤ 1, with upward orientation. In other words, find the flux of F across
S.

4
 Let g(x, y) = xey and f (x, y, z) = z − g(x, y). We have f (x, y, z) = 0 on
the surface S. We obtain an upward unit normal vector as
∇f 1
n= =p h−ey , −xey , 1i .
|∇f | (1 + x2 )e2y + 1
Therefore,
ZZ ZZ
F · dS = F · ndS
S
Z ZS
h−ey , −xey , 1i p
xy, 4x2 , yz · p


= (1 + x2 )e2y + 1dA
D (1 + x2 )e2y + 1
ZZ Z 1Z 1
−4x3 ey dA = − 4x3 ey dydx


=
D 0 0
 1
= − x4 0 [ey ]10
= 1 − e.

RR
17.7.22 Evaluate the surface integral S F · dS for vector field F = xi +
p
yj+z 4 k and the oriented surface S that is the part of the cone z = x2 + y 2
beneath the plane z = 1 with downward orientation. In other words, find
the flux of F across S.

Using spherical coordinates, the cone is expressed as

ρ ρ ρ
x = √ cos θ, y = √ sin θ, z = √ .
2 2 2
Note that φ = π/4. We obtain a vector equation
ρ ρ ρ
r(θ, ρ) = √ cos θi + √ sin θj + √ k,
2 2 2
√
where 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π and 0 ≤ ρ ≤ 2. We obtain
   
ρ ρ 1 1 1
rθ = − √ sin θ, √ cos θ, 0 , rρ = √ cos θ, √ sin θ, √ ,
2 2 2 2 2
Thus,
1
rθ × rρ hρ cos θ, ρ sin θ, −ρi
n= = 21 .
|rθ × rρ | | 2 hρ cos θ, ρ sin θ, −ρi|

5
Finally,
rθ × rρ
ZZ ZZ
F · dS = F· dS
S S |rθ × rρ |
ZZ
= F · (rθ × rρ )dA
D
√
Z 2π Z 2
= hx, y, z 4 i · (rθ × rρ )dρdθ
0 0
√ √
2π 2 2
ρ2 ρ5 ρ2 ρ5
Z Z  Z 
= √ − dρdθ = 2π √ − dρ
0 0 2 2 8 0 2 2 8
1 1 1
= − = .
3 6 6

ZZ
17.8.4 Use Stokes’ Theorem to evaluate curl F · dS when F(x, y, z) =
S
x2 y 3 zi + sin(xyz)j + xyzk, and S is the part of the cone y 2 = x2 + z 2 that
lies between the planes y = 0 and y = 3, oriented in the direction of the
positive y-axis.

The curve C is given by

r(t) = 3 sin ti + 3j + 3 cos tk,

where 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π. Thus,

r0 (t) = 3 cos ti − 3 sin tk.

6
We obtain
ZZ Z
curl F · dS = F · dr
S C
Z 2π

6 2
3 sin t cos t, sin(33 sin t cos t), 33 sin t cos t · h3 cos t, 0, −3 sin ti dt

=
0
Z 2π
37 sin2 t cos2 t − 34 sin2 t cos t dt


=
0
Z 2π  2 !
sin(2t) sin(2t)
= 37 − 34 sin t dt
0 2 2
Z 2π  7
34

3
= (1 − cos(4t)) + (cos(3t) − cos t) dt
0 8 4
2π 2π
37 34 1
 
1
= t − sin(4t) + sin(3t) − sin t
8 4 0 4 3 0
37 2187
= (2π) = π.
8 4

Z
17.8.8 Use Stokes’ Theorem to evaluate F · dr for F(x, y, z) = e−x i +
C
ex j + ez k. Here, C is the boundary of the part of the plane 2x + y + 2z = 2
in the first octant, and is oriented counterclockwise as viewed from above.

Let S denote the surface bounded by C. We call the intercepts P (1, 0, 0),
Q(0, 2, 0), and R(0, 0, 1). The surface S is given by
−−→ −−→ −→ −−→
r(u, v) = OP + uP Q + u P R − P Q = h1 − u, 2u − 2v, vi,

where 0 ≤ u ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ v ≤ u. Thus,

ru = h−1, 2, 0i, rv = h0, −2, 1i, ru × rv = h2, 1, 2i.

7
Therefore,
Z ZZ
F · dr = ∇ × F · dS
C Z ZS
= ∇ × F · ndS
Z ZS
= ∇ × F · (ru × rv )dA
Z ZD
= h0, 0, ex i · h2, 1, 2i dA
D
Z 1Z u
= 2e1−u dvdu
0 0
Z 1
 1−u v=u
= 2e v v=0 du
0
1
−2(1 + u)e1−u

= 0
= 2e − 4.

(Alternative Solution)
We have
 
x h2, 1, 2i 2 1 2
∇ × F = h0, 0, e i, n= = , , .
|h2, 1, 2i| 3 3 3

Since z = 1 − x − y/2, we have

s 
∂z 2
 2
∂z 3
+ +1= .
∂x ∂y 2

Using these things, we obtain

ZZ ZZ
∇ × F · dS = ex dA
S D
Z 1 Z 2−2x
= ex dydx
0 0
= 2e − 4.

8
17.8.15 Verify that Stokes’ Theorem is true for the vector field F(x, y, z) =
yi + zj + xk and surface S which is the hemisphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, y ≥ 0,
oriented in the direction of the positive y-axis.

We will show Z ZZ
F · dr = ∇ × F · dS.
C S
The curve C is given by

r(t) = hsin t, 0, cos ti,

where 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π. Thus,

Z 2π
LHS = hy, z, xi · hcos t, 0, − sin ti dt
0
Z 2π Z 2π
2 cos(2t) − 1
= (− sin t)dt = dt
0 0 2
t 2π
 
sin(2t)
= − = −π.
4 2 0

Using spherical coordinates, the hemisphere is expressed as

r(φ, θ) = hsin φ cos θ, sin φ sin θ, cos φi,

where 0 ≤ φ ≤ π and 0 ≤ θ ≤ π (ρ = 1). Thus,

rφ × rθ = hsin2 φ cos θ, sin2 φ sin θ, sin φ cos φi, |rφ × rθ | = sin φ.

Therefore,

hsin φ cos θ, sin φ sin θ, cos φi 0 ≤ φ ≤ π/2,
n=
h− sin φ cos θ, − sin φ sin θ, − cos φi π/2 < φ ≤ π.

9
We obtain
ZZ
RHS = ∇ × F · dS
Z ZS
= h−1, −1, −1i · ndS
Z ZS
= h−1, −1, −1i · n sin φ dA
D
Z π Z π/2
= (− sin2 φ cos θ − sin2 φ sin θ − cos φ sin φ)dφdθ
0 0
Z π Z π
+ (sin2 φ cos θ + sin2 φ sin θ + cos φ sin φ)dφdθ
0 π/2

sin(2φ) φ π/2 φ π/2

     π/2
π sin(2φ) π cos(2φ)
= [sin θ]π0 − + [cos θ]0 − + [θ]0
4 2 0 4 2 0 4
 π  π  0π
sin(2φ) φ sin(2φ) φ cos(2φ)
+ [sin θ]π0 − − [cos θ]π0 − − [θ]π0
4 2 π/2 4 2 π/2 4 π/2
= −π.

Therefore,
LHS = RHS.
The Stokes’ Theorem is verified.

Z
17.8.18 Evaluate (y + sin x)dx + (z 2 + cos y)dy + x3 dz, where C is the
C
curve r(t) = hsin t, cos t, sin 2ti, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π. [Hint: Observe that C lies on
the surface z = 2xy.]

Let us define
F = hy + sin x, z 2 + cos y, x3 i.
We also define the surface S bounded by C, which is given by

r(x, y) = hx, y, 2xyi.

Here, x, y ∈ D, where

D = (x, y)|0 ≤ x2 + y 2 ≤ 1 .


10
Note that

rx × ry = h1, 0, 2yi × h0, 1, 2xi = h−2y, −2x, 1i.

We obtain
Z ZZ
(y + sin x)dx + (z 2 + cos y)dy + x3 dz = ∇ × F · dS
C ZZ S

= ∇ × F · ndS
ZZ S

= ∇ × F · (rx × ry )dA
Z ZD
= h−2z, −3x2 , −1i · h−2y, −2x, 1i dA
ZZ D

6x(x2 + y 2 ) − 1 dA


=
D
Z 2π Z 1
6r3 cos θ − 1 rdrdθ


=
0 0
2π r=1
r2
Z 
6 5
= r cos θ − dθ
0 5 2 r=0
Z 2π  
6 1
= cos θ − dθ
0 5 2
θ 2π
 
6
= sin θ −
5 2 0
= π.

17.9.4 Verify that the Divergence Theorem is true for the vector field
F(x, y, z) = x2 i + xyj + zk on the region E which is the solid bounded by
the paraboloid z = 4 − x2 − y 2 and the xy-plane.

We will show ZZ ZZZ

F · dS = ∇ · FdV.
S E
The paraboloid is expressed as

r(r, θ) = hr cos θ, r sin θ, 4 − r2 i,

11
where 0 ≤ r ≤ 2 and 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π. Note that
rr = hcos θ, sin θ, −2ri, rθ = h−r sin θ, r cos θ, 0i, rr ×rθ = h2r2 cos θ, 2r2 sin θ, ri.
The xy-plane is given by
z = 0, or r(θ, r) = hr cos θ, r sin θ, 0i,
where 0 ≤ r ≤ 2 and 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π. Note that
rθ = h−r sin θ, r cos θ, 0i, rr = hcos θ, sin θ, 0i, rθ × rr = h0, 0, −ri.
The left-hand side is calculated as follows.
ZZ
LHS = F · ndS
ZZ S ZZ
= F · ndS + F · ndS
paraboloid xy -plane
Z 2π Z 2
= hx2 , xy, zi · h2r2 cos θ, 2r2 sin θ, ri drdθ
0 0
Z 2π Z 2
+ hx2 , xy, zi · h0, 0, −ri drdθ
0 0
Z 2π Z 2
2r4 cos3 θ + 2r4 cos θ sin2 θ + (4 − r2 )r drdθ


=
0 0
Z 2π Z 2
+ 0 drdθ
0 0
Z 2π  6 
2
= cos θ + 4 dθ
0 5
= 8π.
We have
∇ · F = 2x + x + 1 = 3x + 1.
The right-hand side is calculated as follows.
ZZZ
RHS = (3x + 1)dV
E
Z 2π Z 2 Z 4−r2
= (3r cos θ + 1) rdzdrdθ
0 0 0
Z 2π Z 2
= (−3r4 cos θ − r3 + 12r2 cos θ + 4r) drdθ
0 0
Z 2π  6 
2
= cos θ + 4 dθ
0 5
= 8π.

12
Therefore, LHS=RHS. The Divergence Theorem is verified.

ZZ
17.9.8 Use the Divergence Theorem to calculate the surface integral F·
S
dS when F(x, y, z) = x2 z 3 i + 2xyz 3 j + xz 4 k, and S is the surface of the box
with vertices (±1, ±2, ±3). That is, calculate the flux of F across S.

ZZ ZZZ
F · dS = ∇ · FdV
S E
Z 1 Z 2 Z 3
= 8xz 3 dzdydx
−1 −2 −3
Z1 Z 2 Z 3
= 2xdx dy 4z 3 dz
−1 −2 −3
= 0.

17.9.20 Let F(x, y, z) = z tan−1 (y 2 )i + z 3 ln (x2 + 1)j + zk. Find the flux
of F across the part of the paraboloid x2 + y 2 + z = 2 that lies above the
plane z = 1 and is oriented upward.

ZZ ZZZ
F · dS = ∇ · FdV
S E
Z 2π Z 1 Z 2−r2
= 1 rdzdrdθ
0 0 1
Z 2π Z 1
= (−r3 + r) drdθ
0 0
Z 2π
1
= dθ
0 4
π
= .
2

13
17.9.25 Prove the identity
ZZ
curl F · dS = 0
S

assuming that S satisfies the conditions of the Divergence Theorem and

the components of the vector fields have continuous second-order partial
derivatives.

Since div curl F = 0, we have

ZZ ZZZ
∇ × F · dS = ∇ · (∇ × F)dV = 0.
S E

14