English-grade11-U9-U12-2008- page 1

UNIT 10 NATURE IN DANGER

GLOSSARY
1. ban [bæn] ( to ban sb. from sth. / doing sth.) cấm ai làm điều gì
2. blame [bleim] ( to blame sb. for sth.; to blame sth. on sb.) khiển trách, đổ lỗi
3. cheetah ['t∫i:tə] loài báo gêpa
4. co-exist ['kouig'zist] ( to coexist with sb.) cùng tồn tại  coexistence (n)
5. consequence ['kɔnsikwəns] hâ ̣u quả, kết quả
 to take the consequence of something: chịu hâ ̣u quả của viê ̣c gì
 in consequence of something: do kết quả của điều gì
 it's of no consequence: cái đó không có gì quan trọng; cái đó chả thành vấn đề
 by way of consequences; in consequences: vì thế, vâ ̣y thì, như vâ ̣y thì
6. cultivation [,kʌlti'vei∫n] sự cày cấy, sự trồng trọt
7. devastating ['devəsteitiη] tàn phá, phá huỷ, phá phách
8. dinosaur ['dainəsɔ:] khủng long
9. discharge [dis't∫ɑ:dʒ] phun ra, đổ ra, thải ra
10. discourage [dis'kʌridʒ] làm mất hết can đảm, làm chán nản, làm ngã lòng, làm nản lòng ( sb.
from doing sth.) can ngăn (ai làm viê ̣c gì)
11. endanger [in'deindʒə(r)] gây nguy hiểm
12. extinct [iks'tiηkt] tuyê ̣t giống, tuyê ̣t chủng  extinction (n)
13. fur [fə:]lông thú
14. interference [,intə'fiərəns]( interference in / with sth.) sự can thiê ̣p; sự xen vào; sự xía vào
15. maintenance ['meintinəns] sự giữ gìn; sự duy trì  maintain (v)
16. midway ['mid'wei] (midway between sth. and sth.) ở giữa; ở nửa đường
17. panda ['pændə] gấu trúc (như) giant panda
18. pesticide ['pestisaid] thuốc diê ̣t loài gây hại, thuốc trừ sâu
19. rare [reə] hiếm; hiếm thấy; hiếm có; ít có
 rarity (n)
20. recreation [,rekri'ei∫n] sự nghỉ ngơi, sự giải trí, sự tiêu khiển
21. respect [ri'spekt] khía cạnh, phương diện
22. survival [sə'vaivl] sự sống sót; sự tồn tại; người còn lại; vâ ̣t sót lại; tàn dư, tàn tích
 survive (v)
23. wild [waild] dại, hoang dã  in the wild : môi trường tự nhiên

The human race is only one small species of beings in the living world. Many other species exist on
this planet. However, human beings have a great influence on the rest of the world. They are changing
the environment by building cities and villages where forests once stood. They are affecting the water
supply by using water for industry and agriculture. They are changing weather conditions by cutting
down trees in the forests. And they are destroying the air by adding pollutants to it.
It can be said that human beings are changing the environment in all respects through their actions and
by their habits. This has resulted in two serious consequences. The first is that many kinds of rare
animals are killed. The second is that the environment where these animals are living is badly
destroyed. As a result, the number of rare animals is decreasing so rapidly that they are in danger of
becoming extinct.

In order to make sure that these rare animals do not disappear, efforts have been made to protect
endangered nature. Scientists have made lists of endangered species and suggested ways to save them.
Many organisations have been set up and funds have been raised. Thousands of national parks all over
the world have been established to protect endangered animals. Laws have been introduced to prohibit
the killing of endangered animals and the destruction of the environments where these rare animals are
living.
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If people's interference with the environment decreases, more species will survive and produce off-
spring. The Earth will be a happy planet where human beings, animals and plants peacefully coexist.

Task 1. The words in the box all appear in the passage. Fill each blank with a suitable word.
pollutants, interferences, protect, endangered, decrease, extinct
1. Dinosaurs became _____millions of years ago.
2. She tried to _____ herself from the wind.
3. It is time governments of the developing countries should do something to ____ the
population growth.
4. The chemical ______ from cars and factories make the air, water and soil dangerously
dirty.
5. 5. The blue whale is a(n) _____ species.
6. With the _____ of human beings, many animals have become extinct.

Task 2. Circle A, B, C or D that best states the main idea of each paragraph.
1. Paragraph 1
A. Human beings need to grow food.
B. Human beings pollute the environment.
C. Human beings interfere with nature.
D. People should stop living in cities and villages.
2. Paragraph 2
A. Many animals are disappearing.
B. Human beings are responsible for the changes in the environment.
C. People are in danger of becoming extinct.
D. Endangered species include human race.
3. Paragraph 3
A. Human beings have made efforts to protect endangered nature.
B. Scientists have made a long list of endangered species.
C. People should be kept away from animals and plants.
D. Rare animals do not disappear.
4. Paragraph 4
A. The survival of endangered species
B. The Earth - a happy planet
C. Conditions for a peaceful co-existence
D. People's interference with the environment

Task 3. Answer the questions

1. What are the four ways by which human beings are changing the world?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. What are the serious consequences of people’s interference with the environment?
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. What has been done to protect the environment?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
GRAMMAR FOCUS
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Exercise 1. Choose the suitable italicised words to complete the following sentences.
1. To who/whom it may concern.
2. It was a service for which/that I will be grateful.
3. The success of a shared holiday depends on who/whom you share it with.
4. Do you like the person who/whom sits next to you?
5. Midway through the second half Manchester United scored their third goal, at that/which point
Leeds United gave up completely.
6. There is one person to whom/who I owe more than I can say.
7. It was the kind of accident for which/that nobody was really to blame.

Exercise 2. Combine the following sentences, using preposition + whom or which.

Examples:
She is the woman. I told you about her.
- She is the woman about whom I told you.
The song was interesting. We listened to it last night.
- The song to which we listened last night was interesting.
1. The man was very kind. I talked to him yesterday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The man works in the hospital. I told you about him.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The woman teaches me English. I am telling you about her.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The movie is fantastic. They are talking about it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The picture was beautiful. She was looking at it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. I'll give you the address. You should write to it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Exercise 3. Complete the following sentences, using who, whom, which or that.
1. It was a kind of computer with _________ I was not familiar.
2. Do you get on with the person ________ lives next-door?
3. I must thank the man from __________ I got the present.
4. The meeting to _________ I went was interesting.
5. The person ___________ did it was never caught.
6. That's the girl to _________ Jim used to be married.
MORE EXERCISES
I. Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in the box.
endanger , scatter, coexist, pollute, capture, devastate, discharge, prohibit, survive, protect
1. Many birds didn't ____________ the severe winter.
2. Animals shouldn't be ____________ for recreation and entertainment.
3. The health of our children are being ____________ by exhaust fumes.
4. The factory was fined for ____________ chemicals into the river.
5. The explosion ____________ a flock of birds roosting in the trees.
6. Laws have been introduced to ____________ killing endangered animals.
7. The air in the city is heavily ____________ with traffic fumes.
8. The government should do more to ____________ the environment.
9. It is possible for local wildlife to ____________ with industry.
10. Western India was ____________ by a huge earthquake.
II. Combine the following pairs or groups of sentences by means of relative pronouns, making
any changes necessary.
1. Her many friends gave her encouragement. I like to be considered among them.
Her many friends …………………………………………………………………..
2. Her father died last year. She looked after him for over twenty years.
Her father ……………………………………………………….
3. The bed has no mattress. I sleep on this bed.
The bed ……………………………………………………….
4. There wasn't any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box.
There wasn't ……………………………………………………….
5. I was sitting on a chair. It suddenly collapsed.
The chair ……………………………………………………….
6. Mr. Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come specially to see him.
Mr. Smith ……………………………………………………….
7. I saw several houses. Most of them were quite unsuitable.
I ……………………………………………………….
8. Graham took us to his office. It was filled with books.
The office ……………………………………………………….
9. Mr. Marks is unhappy about the plans for the new dam. The stream flows across his farm.
Mr. Marks ……………………………………………………….
10. They picked up five boat-loads of refugees. Some of them had been at sea for several months.
They ……………………………………………………….
11. Tom came to the party in patched jeans. This surprised the other guests. Most of the other guests
were wearing evening dress.
Tom ……………………………………………………….
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12. The people didn't know French. He was speaking to these people.
The people ……………………………………………………….
13. Mr. Jones was very generous about overtime payments. I was working for him.
Mr. Jones ……………………………………………………….
14. The Roman coins are now on display in the National Museum. A local farmer came across them
in a field.
The Roman coins ……………………………………………………….
15. Professor Johnson is to visit the University next week. I have long looked up to him
Professor Johnson ……………………………………
III. Complete each of the sentences with an appropriate preposition.
1. A number of rare animals are now in danger _____ extinction.
2. If people's interference _____ the environment decreases, more species will survive and produce
off-spring.
3. The government should do more to protect rare animals _____ being extinct.
4. She believes there is life _____ other planets.
5. The EU has imposed a ban _____ the import of seal skins.
6. People are destroying the air by adding pollutants _____ it.
7. Human beings are responsible _____ the changes in the environment.
8. They are changing weather conditions by cutting _____ trees in the forests.
9. National parks should be set _____ to save animals and plants.
10. Raw sewage was discharged _____ the treatment plant directly _____ the river.

TEST 10
A. PHONOLOGY
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from those of the rest.
1. A. clerk B. service C. press D. herd
2. A. postal B. mouse C. disk D. controls
3. A. curtain B. judgment C. junction D. construct

Choose the word which has a different stress pattern.

4. A. malformation B. commemorate C. environment D. community
5. A. fireplace B. chimney C. approach D. dragon
6. a. endanger b. disappear c. prohibit d. destruction
7. a. extinct b. human c. species d. planet
8. a. respect b. effort c. exist d. supply
9. a. condition b. pollutant c. however d. influence
10. a. action b. habit c. danger d. survive

B. READING COMPREHENSION
I. Read the text and do the task that follows.
YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK
Yosemite National Park became America's first state park in 1864. Compared to other protected
areas, Yosemite Valley is quite small, about seven miles long and a mile wide, small enough anyway
for John Muir, the conservationist and founder of Sierra Club, to explore the entire area on foot. But
within its narrow confines are some of the most impressive cliffs, valleys, meadows, waterfalls, and
flora and fauna.
The park ranges from 2,000 feet above sea level to more than 13,000 feet. Among its most
famous peaks are EI Capitan, the largest piece of exposed granite in the world, and Half Dome. Some
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of the most spectacular waterfalls, such as the Bridal Veil Falls, are only a short hike from the
Yosemite Valley floor. The view of the Valley floor from the top of 3,200 foot Glacier Point, 32 miles
away by road, is considered by many to be the most impressive of all. When you are not feeling
"stoned" by the sheer cliffs that circle the valley, be aware of the black bears that no longer appear to
fear humans and have known to brazenly walk into campsites and raid food. Coyotes and other
denizens of the forests are more cunning and less visible. There are 196 miles of paved roads within
the park and 840 miles of trails. Since it also has 8 miles of paved bike path, rent a bike and explore
the relatively flat valley floor. To prevent congestion and overcrowding, there have been proposals to
ban automobiles in Yosemite, especially during the very busy and crowded holiday weekends such as
Memorial Day, Fourth of July, and Labor Day. But don't let a trifle like that stop you from visiting one
of the most fabulous natural wonders of the world.

Choose the most suitable answers.

1. The area of Yosemite National Park is ___________________
A. 8 square miles B. 7 square miles
C. 2,000 square feet D. 13,000 square feet
2. In Yosemite National Park, there are all of the following EXCEPT ______________________
A. valleys B. the sea C. animals D. trees and flowers
3. The EI Capitan is _____________________
A. a mountain summit B. a valley
C. a waterfall D. a cliff
4. In Yosemite National Park, coyotes and other denizens of the forest ________________________
A. are shy from human B. are easy to catch
C. are harder to be seen than bears D. attack campsites for food
5.____________________________________________________________________________________On holiday
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
A. cars B. bikes C. vans D. buses
II. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.
HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AND LOSS
The greatest threat to the giant panda population is that the area in (1)__________they live is
becoming smaller and more fragmented. This is (2)_____________human activities such as logging,
expansion of farming into forest areas, mining, road-building ...

Poaching
In the 1980s and 1990s, there (3)______________a number of cases of panda poaching, but this
has declined due to strict laws and greater public (4)______________of the panda protected status.
People hunting for other animals in the panda habitat also pose a threat, (5)________.The traps they
(6)musk deer or bear may accidentally kill giant pandas.
Habitat degradation
In the remote areas where pandas live, local people depend (7)____________the forest for fuel
wood and timber for building homes. They also collect (8)____________plants and animals to sell for
use as ingredients in traditional medicines or (9)____________food. When there were few people and
lots of forests, none of these practices would be a threat to the pandas, but nowadays they
(10)_____________severe damage to the remaining forests.
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1. A. which B. where C. that D. which place
2. A. thanks for B. due C. because of D. because
3. A. has been B. have been C. was D. were
4. A. awares B. awareness C. aware D. taking aware of
5. A. however B. whatever C. wherever D. whenever
6. A. look up B. look for C. set up D. set for
7. A. in B. on C. with D. at
8. A. width B. wildness C. wild D. wide
9. A. as B. like C. near D. with
10. A. cure B. cause C. cut D. cancel

C. USE OF ENGLISH
I. Vocabulary
Choose the best answers.
1.__________________ I'm to hear that you have failed the final
exam.
A. responsible B. sorry C. thankful D. anxious
2.______________________________________________ In spite of her disappointment, she a
weak smile.
A. got B. obtained C. achieved D. managed
3. In my _____, we should improve the quality of our products instead of
increasing the quantity.
A. belief B. meaning C. opinion D. expression
4.__________________ To their abilities, the managers decided to give them more tasks.
A. inspect B. test C. check D. study
5. She saw the man _____ something in the woman's ear.
A. whispering B. whistling C. shouting D. saying
6. Many organizations have been set up and funds have been raised.
a. established b. collapsed c. delayed d. decreased
7. The number of rare animals is decreasing rapidly.
a. dangerously b. quickly c. mostly d. gradually
8. A species of animal or plant that is _______ no longer has any living members, either in
the world or in a particular place.
a. extinct b. rare c. survival d. productive
9. Those who concern are very worried about the _____ of many species.
a. disappearance b. establishment c. supply d. provision
10. Because of people's ______ with the environment, many kinds of plants and animals are
becoming rare.
a. supply b. survival c. influence d. interference
11. Tropical forests have supplied us with many sorts of plants for food, medicine, and
industry.
a. affected b. influenced c. changed d. provided
12. England was one of the first countries to _________
a. industry b. industrial c. industrialize d. industrialization
13. Their _______ is rejected due to some problems of pollution.
a. suggest b. suggestion c. suggestive d. suggestible
14. We all regard pollution as a _______ matter to human beings.
a. serious b. seriously c. seriousness d. seriousful
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15. Laws have been introduced to prohibit the killing of endangered animals.
a. advise b. decrease c. ban d. encourage
16. Hunting for meat and burning forests for soils _____ wildlife.
a. protect b. conserve c. destroy d. survive
17. National Parks are established to create the environment for rare animals to survive and
_____ offspring.
a. produce b. supply c. increase d. offer
18. The World Wild Funds is working to protect and save the forests that are in _____.
a. danger b. interest c. encouragement d. consequence
19. Scientists think it unlikely that the species will actually become extinct as a ______of the
oil spill.
a. respect b. consequence c. protection d. production
20. Human beings can’t exist without water and air.
a. result b. live c. kill d. change

II. Prepositions and Phrasal verbs

Choose the best answers.
1. The experts decided to keep__________________doing the research.
A. up B. out C. on D. for
2. The citizens have tried their best to keep the river _______________being polluted.
A. out of B. off C. from D. for
3. It's amazing that they put _______ their wedding until November.
A. to B. off C. down D. back
4. It is reported that many people have died ______ heart attack.
A. in B. with C. on D. of
5. Next year his family will leave China _______ Australia.
A. for B. to C. towards D. from
6. Human beings are adding more and more pollutants ________ the environment.
a. from b. for c. on d. to
7. You should make sure __________ what you have just told us.
a. in b. on c. over d. of
8. Forest destruction results _________ floods and air pollution.
a. from b. about c. in d. into
9. Human beings are changing the environment all respects.
a. at b. for c. in d. upon
10. Air pollution interferes ______ our body's ability to process oxygen.
a. with b. on c. to d. over
11. We should do something immediately to save many kinds of rare animals ______ extinction.
a. away b. from c. in d. with

III. Structures
Choose the best answers.
1. Thursday is the day _________________my parents come.
A. when B. whom C. which D. who
2. She seems ____________________very hard since being promoted.
A. working B. to work C. to have worked D. having worked
3.__________________ being very tired, I completed all of
my assignments.
A. Despite B. Although C. Though D. In spite
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4. His face looks very pale. I suppose that he ____________ill.
A. can be B. should be C. must be D. has to be
5._______________________________I haven't seen him for that I've forgotten what he looks
like.
A. so long B. such long C. as long time D. a long time
6. When she ________________ home, she found that someone ____________________ into her
house and stolen all of her jewelries.
A. has got; broke B. got; had broken C. had got; had broken D. got; broke
7. He is going to get his eyes ___________________
A. to be tested B. being tested C. testing D. tested
8. My uncle, ___________health hasn't been good recently, has gone into hospital for some tests.
A. that B. of whom C. whose D. who
9. If I ____________you, I __________her the truth.
A. am; will tell B. were; would tell
C. had been; would have told D. was; would tell
10. Not once ______ us to their house.
A. have Jim and Anna invited B. Jim and Anna have invited
C. did Jim and Anna invite D. Jim and Anna invited
11. It is automobile industry _____ contributes the most greenhouse gas emissions into the
atmosphere.
a. where b. in which c. that d. whom
12. _____ many species of animals have become extinct.
a. There are many reasons for which b. Many reasons for which
c. The reasons for that d. For which reasons
13. We should do something to save those animals ____ hunted for their fur or for other valuable
parts of their bodies
a. those are b. which are c. which is d. that is
14. Farmers use more and more _____ them to grow better crops but harm the environment.
a. powerful chemicals who help b. which powerful chemicals help
c. powerful chemicals which help d. powerful chemicals help
15. Water is one of the most precious resources ______ for our life.
a. we depend on which b. which we depend
c. on which we depend d. on that we depend
16. ___ are very dense, warm, and wet, are havens for millions of plants and animals.
a. Rain forests b. Rain forests, that c. Rain forest, where d. Rain forests, which
17. The farmers and their cattle ______ had been trapped in the storm were fortunately rescued.
a. who b. whom c. which d. that
18. Nowadays, city dwellers, ______ enjoy a lot from the modern material life, have to suffer
from pollution the most.
a. who b. whom c. that d. which
19. Do you know that environmentalist ______ ?
a. with whom I used to work b. with that I used to work
c. with I used to work d. with who I used to work
20. Rain forests influence the Greenhouse effect, ______ traps heat inside the Earth's atmosphere.
a. that b. which c. where d. whose
21. The local authority banned us from going near the forest ______ there is a serious fire.
a. for which b. in that c. that d. where
22. _____ once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, were estimated to become extinct by the year
2025.
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a. Bengal tigers b. Bengal tigers, which c. Bengal tigers, that d. Bengal tigers which
23. I personally think that it is easy to understand ________ time is relative.
a. the reason b. the reason for that c. for which reason d. the reason why
24. _____ concerns about wildlife never keeps a wild animal as pest.
a. Anyone that b. Anyone which c. Anyone for whom d. Anyone those
25. Did you listen to the lecture on the environment by Dr. Pike, ______.
a. whom I have ever told you about b. about that I have ever told you
c. I have ever told you d. that I have ever told you
26. _______ want to use rain forests are cutting them down without any hesitation.
a. People who b. People which c. People whom d. Who
27. The man showed us the cage _____ he kept a fierce lion.
a. which b. that c. in which d. in that
28. Those villagers ____ near the forest chop down hardwoods to sell for high prices.
a. live b. who live c. whom live d. for whom to live
29. We have just had an exploration through that forest _______.
a. which some pandas survive b. where there are some pandas surviving
c. in which there are some pandas survive d. that some pandas survive
30. By cutting down the trees, people destroy the ecosystem of the rain forest ____ .
a. on which they depend b. where they depend on
c. which they depend d. where they depend
31. ______ comes from thousands of factories has caused enormous increases in air pollution levels.
a. Smoke b. Smoke for which c. Smoke that d. Smoke whose
32. The areas ____ are destroyed suffer a lot from soil erosion.
a. which trees b. whose trees c. that trees d. trees which
33. I will never forget the time I first visit Cat Tien National Park.
a. when b. why c. where d. on that
34. Those scientists are doing research on the period ____ the Earth formed.
a. where b. on that c. when d. why

D. WORD FORM

1. They ________________their engagement to their family. (announcement)

2. David Copperfield is a great . (magic)
3. It is _________________that you should think he'll come in time. (nature)
4. You can't pass an examination without (prepare)
5. He's a regular _______ at evening classes. (attend)
6. Garbage is considered to be some kind of _____ (pollute)
7. Because of forest _______ some rare animals cannot survive. (destroy)
8. The people in our village are leading a ______ life. (peace)

E. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

1. He is rich, but he never helps the poor.

 Rich as …………………………………………………
2. The judges were strongly impressed by her answers.
 Her answers made ……………………………………..
3. You should have made allowance for her thoughtlessness. (Use “tolerate”)
 If only ………………………………………………..
4. I am fed up with your cat's messing around.
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 I am bored ………………………………………………...
5. Kathy's success took us all by surprise.
 Kathy was ……………………………………………………

F. Identify one underlined word or phrase that is incorrect:

1.There’s nothing like to walk as a means of keeping fit .
A B C D
2. Your doctor advised to go to bed early, so I can’t understand your wanting to stay up late.
A B C D
3. We considered giving her with a dress for her birthday, but couldn’t help buying her some flowers.
A B C D
4. There’s nothing to be done about it now except say the police the truth.
A B C D
5. I remember hearing him say the grass needed to cut.
A B C D
6. Would you like keeping quiet for a moment ? I’m trying to fill in a form.
A B C D
7. They don’t allow smoking in the auditorium; they don’t want to risk setting it with fire.
A B C D
8. Would you mind me to turn down the radio a bit ?
A B C D
9. We couldn’t help laughing when he was making fun of ourselves .
A B C D
10. One of books I lent you is very interesting.
A B C D