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Floors

The document discusses different types of wooden floor construction, including suspended floors with boards on joists and solid floors with boards directly on concrete or on wood blocks adhered to concrete. It describes the key members used in wooden floor construction like sleepers, wall plates, and joists. It also provides details on selecting wood materials, laying joists, joining floor boards, and providing ventilation. Solid concrete and reinforced concrete floors are also summarized briefly.

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Sumedha Mittal
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104 views22 pages

Floors

The document discusses different types of wooden floor construction, including suspended floors with boards on joists and solid floors with boards directly on concrete or on wood blocks adhered to concrete. It describes the key members used in wooden floor construction like sleepers, wall plates, and joists. It also provides details on selecting wood materials, laying joists, joining floor boards, and providing ventilation. Solid concrete and reinforced concrete floors are also summarized briefly.

Uploaded by

Sumedha Mittal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WOODEN FLOORS

SUSPENDED FLOORS SOLID FLOORS

Boards on concrete

Blocks on concrete
WOODEN FLOOR CONSTRUCTION
• Members
– Sleeper wall
– Wall Plates
– Joists
– Floor boards

• Wood used should be sound, bright (i.e., free from


discoloration), square edged, thoroughly seasoned to Suit the
particular use, free from shakes, large knots, warps, decay and
other defects.
JOISTS
• Ground floor has sleeper wall to support the joists
• Hence the size of joists is smaller as compared to 1st floor
• Joists should be laid across the shorter span of the room
• Spacing varies from 300 mm to 400 mm (25 mm thick boards)
Wall Plates
– Wooden members (See section)
– 100x75 mm or 115x75 mm
– Serve as bearing for joists
– Solidly level bedded using mortar
– Accommodate the joist joinery: half lap (G and H)/
– housed joint (K)/ notching/cogging (M,N,O & P)
SLEEPER WALL
Importance of Ventilation
– To prevent dry rot (disease of timber), it is very necessary to use well
seasoned timber and to provide sufficient ventilation around the floor
– Sleeper wall built separately alongside main wall
– Honeycombing in central sleeper wall
– Air bricks in case sleeper wall is built into the wall (V)
– Corbel brackets (M.S. or W.I.) to support wall plates (T)
Floor Boards
• Woods
– Redwood for ordinary class
– Whitewood and spruce for cheaper work
– Pine and hardwoods for first-class work
– Sizes:
• Width 100 to 175 mm
• Thickness: 25 to 38 mm
• The narrower the boards the better (reduces the tendency
to cup). First class work done in 100 mm wide
• 25 mm thick boards maximum joist-spacing to remain within
400 mm
Floor Board Joints
SOLID WOODEN FLOORING
• Boards on concrete
– Wood fillers partly embedded in
concrete floor
– Concrete gets two coats of
bitumen, should be completely dry
– Fillets treated with preservative
• Blocks on concrete
– Concrete is finished with 25 mm
screed (1 cement: 3 sand) and then
dried completely
– Wood blocks are stuck to concrete
using mastic or bituminous
material as an adhesive
– Size: 225 to 300 x 75 x 25 to 38 mm
– When pressed onto the floor, the
mastic rises in the grooves
FIRST FLOOR
STRUTTING
• It is a kind of cross bracing
• Used to stiffen the floor
• Helps prevent vibration from
transferring to the ceiling below and
walls on the sides
• Herringbone strutting
– Best form
– Pairs of inclined pieces of timber
– Tightly fitted between the joists
– 50x32 mm to 50x50 mm
– Nailed at sides of the joists
TRIMMED AND TRIMMER JOIST
JOINERY
CEILING PLASTER

• Galvanized Expanded metal lath is


nailed (100 mm C/C) to the bottom of
joists, given 3 coats of plaster
• XML is 0.56 mm to 1.2 mm thick and
comes in sheets 1.8 to 2.7 m long and
610 to 680 mm wide
• At least 25 mm lap required between
the sheets
• 1.2 mm galvanized soft iron wire is used
every 100 mm to tie the lath
FLAT ROOFS
• Even flat roof has a slope to drain off water
• Minimum slope of 1.25 cm in 100 cm run
• In case of felt, 10 cm slope in 100 cm run
Obtaining the inclination

When level ceiling is not a When level ceiling is a


requirement requirement

Tapering the joists with the top edge of each


Inclining the joists such sloped to the required fall
that they slope-down
towards the eaves Usually joists are fixed level + small tapered
wooden piece (Firring pieces) nailed on top of
each
Reinforced cement concrete

• In this type of floors steel bars and concrete are used to form a
floor.
• This type of floor is widely used in modern construction.
• The slab and beam are designed as per the loading coming on the
floor and proper reinforcement is placed at a suitable place.
• In case of R.C.C. slab thickness varies from 80mm to 150mm and
the main reinforcement is generally in the form of mild steel bars of
diameter varying from 9mm to 12mm.
• The reinforced concrete may be cast-in-situ or pre-cast, the former
being very common.
• R.C.C. floors are less costly, durable, easy to construct and fire-
proof.
• However, they are likely to transmit sound.
• In any case R.C.C. floors are fast replacing other types of floors.
Reinforced brick concrete
• It is the combination of reinforcement, brick and concrete
• It is a well known fact that concrete is very weak in tension
• Hence, in slabs, lintels and beams, the concrete in the portion below the neutral axis
does not participate in resisting the load.
• Hence to achieve economy, the concrete in the tensile zone may be replaced by
bricks.
• Dense cement mortar is used to embed the reinforcement (steel bars/ expanded
mesh etc.)

This portion can


be filled with
bricks instead of
concrete
Brick

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