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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB-BASED
EMPLOYEES APPRAISAL AND ASSESSMENT
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(A Case Study of Federal University of Technology, Owerri)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of the study
1.3 Statement of the problem
1.4 Aim and Objective of the study
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Scope of the study
1.7 Limitation of the study
1.8 Definition of terms
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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Review of related literatures
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 System Analysis and Design
3.1 Introduction
3.2 System Analysis
3.2.1 Detailed Definition of the Problem
3.2.2 Feasibility Study
3.3 Methods of Data Collection
3.3.1 Interviewing
3.3.2 Observation
3.3.3 Review of Existing System Procedure
3.3.4 Evaluation of Forms
3.4 Problem of Existing System
3.5 Data Preparation
3.6 User Preparation
3.7 Objective of the New Design
3.8 Systems control
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3.9 System requirement
3.9.1 Software Requirement
3.9.2 Hardware Requirement
3.9.3 People
3.10 Program Structure
3.10.1 Modularity
3.10.2 Top-Down Program Design
3.11 System flowchart
3.12 Overview of the proposed system flowcharts
3.13 Program Flowchart
3.14 File Maintenance Module
3.15 Main Menu Specification
3.15.1 Output Specification
3.15.2 Input Specification
3.15.3 File and database Specification
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Justification of Programming Language
4.2 Implementation Details
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4.2.1 Coding
4.2.2 System Testing
4.2.3 Training and Retraining of Staff
4.2.4 File Conversion
4.2.5 Changeover Procedure
4.2.6 Commissioning
4.2.7 User Manual
4.2.8 Maintenance Details
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, Recommendations, and Conclusion
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Conclusion
References
Appendix A
Appendix B
CHAPTER ONE
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1.1 INTRODUCTION
The success of any organization depends on the quality and
characteristics of its employees. The employees become a
significant factor in any organization since they are the heart of
the organization. Organizations simply cannot achieve their
goals and objectives without them. However, it is a fact that
any employee for that matter needs something to induce him
or to look forward to so that he is motivated to work at the
best interest of the organization. This indeed was indicative of
the more strategic approach to Appraisal and Assessment
Management policies which sought to connect the aims of the
organization to the performance of the individual. The
organization’s key aims, goals, and objectives become an
embedded part of the process in the performance management
and communicated through the performance appraisal process.
Performance appraisal is “an approach which involves
managers making a top-down assessment and rating the
performance of their subordinates at an annual performance
appraisal meeting”.
1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
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Performance management systems, in various forms, have
been employed for nearly two millennia. In the third century
AD, the Chinese were not only using performance appraisal
systems but were critiquing each other’s biases in their
evaluations of their employees (Murphy and Cleveland, 4;
Evans, 3). During the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century,
factory managers became aware of the importance of their
employees’ performance on their production outputs (Grote
and Grote, 3; Murphy and Cleveland, 4). The development of
the philosophy of performance evaluation systems in America
has been attributed to such researchers and philosophers as
Peter Drucker and Douglas McGregor, who developed ideas of
management by objectives (MBOs) and employee motivation
(Evans, 4; Murphy and Cleveland, 3). Spiegel reported in 1962
that by the early 1960s more than 60% of American
organizations had a performance appraisal system. The
system’s popularity stemmed from the Army’s implementation
of a performance management system for its officers (Murphy
and Cleveland, 3). Since then, researchers have continued to
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develop theories of how different performance evaluation
methods can contribute to the success of the organization.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In assessing employees, managers are required to make
judgments about an employee’s performance and capabilities.
Such judgments are naturally subject to potential bias in favor
of some and against others. There are many statistics showing
how prejudice may affect the promotional prospects of some
groups.
Another problem is the effect that negative criticism can have
on performance if not done electronically to satisfy the
employees. Whenever staffs are given criticism, they react
defensively to the criticism and try to blame others for their
shortcomings. They will also become demotivated.
Interestingly, praise given during the process had little impact
on performance.
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The new web-based system for appraisal and assessment
management will improve on the existing system by:
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1. Measuring employees’ inputs
2. Allowing other employees and management to vote the
best employee
3. Allowing measurement of results and outcomes.
4. Allowing general view of assessment results
5. Reducing bias to the minimal.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The Web-based Appraisal and Assessment Management
System can be used to manage the Human Resource of the
Federal University of Technology Owerri, with regards to the
appraisal and assessment of her employees. The system will
cover areas like data structure, system analysis, and design,
file management, and database management.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The Web-based Appraisal and Assessment Management
System has held confidentiality, integrity and availability to be
the core principles of information security. In the research work
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carried out, the following are some of the benefits the
organization will derive from the new system designed.
Confidentiality: The system attempts to enforce
confidentiality by detecting double registration during
performance and assessment voting, and use it to track
sensitive information.
Integrity: In an information system, integrity means that data
cannot be modified undetectably. So, the system designed
enables data protection from unauthorized users.
Availability: For any information system to serve its purpose,
the information must be available when it is needed. The
appraisal system developed is made available for remote voting
from authenticated employees within the cadence of FUTO.
Authenticity: The data captured in the new system makes
appraisal assessment authentic, as no two persons can share
the same data. Improper manipulation is reduced to its
minimum.
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
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The research work is limited in various capacities:-
Time given for this research work was too short; hence I was
unable to widen the scope of the research. Only few offices and
staff could be approached physically and during data collection
thereby limiting the number of staff interviewed. Furthermore,
many potential limitations were encountered during the process
of this project work. These are;
i. insufficient library materials for the research work,
ii. the cost of paying for computer hour,
iii. lack of power supply, and
iv. Insufficient information from the case study.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Web Browser: A web browser (commonly referred to as a
browser) is a software application for retrieving,
presenting and traversing information resources on
the World Wide Web. An information resource is
identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL)
and may be a web page, image, video or other piece
of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable
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users easily to navigate their browsers to related
resources.
Servers: A server is a system (software and suitable computer
hardware) that responds to requests across a
computer network to provide, or help to provide, a
network service. Servers can be run on a dedicated
computer, which is also often referred to as "the
server", but many networked computers are capable
of hosting servers. In many cases, a computer can
provide several services and have several servers
running.
Web: The connection of different computers to share
resources i.e. the internet.
URL: A uniform resource locator abbreviated URL (also
known as web address, particularly when used with
HTTP), is a specific character string that constitutes a
reference to a resource. In most web browsers, the
URL of a web page is displayed on top inside an
address bar.
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Apache: The PHP translation engine. The Apache HTTP
Server, commonly referred to as Apache, is a web
server application notable for playing a key role in
the initial growth of the World Wide Web.
PHP: Hypertext Processor; A server-side scripting
language, used for web designing and web
programming. PHP is a server-side scripting
language designed for web development but also
used as a general-purpose programming language.
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language used for content
presentation.
Website: A website, also written as Web site, web site, or
simply site, is a set of related web pages served from
a single web domain.
JavaScript: JavaScript (JS) is an interpreted computer
programming language. As part of web browsers,
implementations allow client-side scripts to interact
with the user, control the browser, communicate
asynchronously, and alter the document content that
is displayed.
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Ajax: Ajax an acronym for Asynchronous JavaScript and
XML is a group of interrelated web development
techniques used on the client-side to create
asynchronous web applications.
MySQL: MySQL officially, but also called "My Sequel" is (as of
July 2013) the world's second most widely used
open-source relational database management system
(RDBMS).
Localhost: In computer networking, localhost means this
computer. It is a hostname that the computer's
software and users may employ to access the
computer's own network services via its loopback
network interface.
XAMPP: XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform web
server solution stack package, consisting mainly of
the Apache HTTP Server, MySQL database, and
interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl
programming languages.
SQL: Structured Query Language is a special-purpose
programming language designed for managing data
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held in a relational database management system
(RDBMS).
Client/Server: The client–server model of computing is a
distributed application structure that partitions tasks
or workloads between the providers of a resource or
service, called servers, and service requesters, called
clients.
Client: A client is a piece of computer hardware or software
that accesses a service made available by a server.
CSS: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet
language used for describing the look and formatting of a
document written in a markup language.
