www.classnotes. xyz Physics Numerical Problems 1. The peak voltage of an ac supply is 300 V. What is the rms voltage? Give: Maximum voltage = Viox = 300V To find: Root mean square voltage (Vrms) =? Solution: The rms voltage is defined as Vems= V ems = Te = 707 Vmax Putting values: Vems = 0.707 * 300V Vers = 212.1V 2. The tms value of current in an ac circuit is 10 A. What is the peak current? Given: Root mean square current lms = 10A. To find: Maximum current Imax Solution: The rms current is defined as Inox= V2 X Inms ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 1www.classnotes. xyz Physics Putting values: Inox = v2 x 10 Imox = 1.41 x 10A Or [Inox = 147A 3. The a.c. voltage across a 0.5 uF capacitor is 16 sin (2x10°t) V. Find (a) the capacitive reactance (b) the peak valve of current through the capacitor. Given: Capacitance C= 0.5 uF =0.5x 10¢F Instantaneous voltage V. = 16 sin (2x 103) v Required: Capacitive reactance X- =? Peak current Imax = Solution: Few more data points can be calculated by comparing the given instantaneous voltage equation with the general instantaneous voltage equation for capacitor. The given equationis Vc = 16 sin (2x10"1) i The general equation is. Ve = Vmax sin at (i) Comparing equation (|) and (i), we get The peak voltage is Vox = 16V The angular frequency = @ = 2.x 10%rad /s (a) The capacitive reactance x, is given by the relation 1 - 1 Be a0 red/axOExi0 OF Putting values: Xe ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 2www.classnotes. xyz Physics =—__} Pui radjexOsxie ©C/e Xe =Xc = 1x 109Q = 1kQ (b) By Ohm's law the peak current be written as Putting values: Imax = 3 16x 103A 516mA Inox = 16 x 103 A =16 mA| 4, The voltage across « 0.01 UF capacitor is 240 sin (1.25 x 104 - 30°), write the mathematical expression for current through it. Given: Capacitance C = 0.01g = 0.01 x 10¢ F Instantaneous voltage V, = 240sin (1.25x10*t - 30°) To find: instantaneous current le = Solution: Few more data points can be calculated by comparing the given instantaneous voltage equation with the general instantaneous. The given equationis Vc = 240 sin(1.25x 10-30") (i) The general equation is. Ve = Vmax Sin wt (ii) Comparing equation () and equation (ji), we get the peak voltage is Vmax = 240V The angular frequency is wt = 1.25 x 10* rad/s Instantaneous current for capacitor i. can be written a5 le = Imax Sin (wt - @ + 90°) By Ohm's law the peak current can be written as = Vina (iv) since Xe= + ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 3www.classnotes. xyz Physics Putting equation (iv) in equation (ii), we get ke = Vinox X We x sin (w - @ + 90°) Putting ke = 240v x 1.25 x 104 rad / s x 0.01 x 10F x sin (1.25 x 104 t - 30° + 90°) Or L=3x 102 y/sxc/y xin (1.25 1041+60°) Hence le =3 x 10? Ax sin (1.25 x 104 +60°) = 3x 10? sin (1.25 x 10*t + 60°) 5. An inductor with an inductance of 100pH passes a current of 10mA when its terminal voltage is 6.3V. Calculate the frequency of A.C supply. Given: Inductance L = 100uH - 100 x 10-6 H Current | = 10mA = 10*102A Voltage v= 6.3V Required: Ac frequency f= 2 Solution: The inductive reactance x. is Xi = @= Inf «L Or fase (i) The inductive reactance X.. can also be written as vo sav Xst= 7” iox10 7A or = XL =0.63* 1032 ii) Putting values in equation (i) 063x107 Teaaaxi00x10 ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 4www.classnotes. xyz Physics [f= 1.003 « 10¢Hz 6. (a) Calculate the inductive reactance of a 3.00 mH inductor. when 60.0 Hz and 10.0 kHz AC voltage are applied. (b) What is the rms current at each frequency if the applied rms voltage is 120 V? Given: Inductance L= 3.00mH = 3.00 x 10H AC frequency fi = 60Hz AC frequency — fp= 10kHz= 10x 108 Hz Root mean square voltage Vins = 120V Required: (a) Inductive reactance Xu, = ? (b) Inductive reactance Xi2 = ? (C) lmsi at frequency f, = @ (d) ims2 at frequency f2= Solution: The inductive reactance at frequency fi is Xu = 2mf XL Putting values: Xu) = 2x 3.14 x 60HZx 3.00 x 10H or Xu = 1.130415 xV s/ A or Xu= 1.1304 ohm The inductive reactance at frequency fi is Kio = Onfa xl Putting values: Xi2= 2x3.14x 10x 10° Hzx3.00x 109H or Xiz = 188.41 /5 VS/A or Xz = 188.40hm ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 5www.classnotes. xyz Physics Vrms The rms current at frequency fr is lms = 120 Putting values: Imai = or ist =106.16A The rms current at frequency f is lena = 120 Putting values: Ima = ee or lims2 =0.637A 7. For the same RLC series circuit having a 40.02 resistor, a 3.00 mH inductor, and a 5.00 uF capacitor: (a) Find the resonant frequency, (b) Calculate Im: at fesonance If Vim. is 120 V. Given: Resistance R = 40.00 Inductance L = 3.00mH = 3.00 = 10-3H Capacitance C = 5.00uF = 5.00 x 10F Root mean square voltage Vins = 120V Required: (a) Resonant frequency fo = ? (D) lens at frequency fo = ? Solution: 1 The resonant frequency is fo === 7 . _ 1 Putting values: fo =o rssexae jane 1 Hence, fo= 628/1.500x 10 Ws /AnAs/v 1 Hence, fo Therefore, fo = 1.300 = 103 Hz= 1.3Hz ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 6www.classnotes. xyz Physics Since at resonance the series RLC circuit behaves as purely resistive circuit and the impedance Z=R, therefore the rms current at resonance is bes Verns / R putting values: “400 lms = or kms = 3.00A 8. A coil of pure inductance 318 mH is connected in series with a pure resistance of 752. The voltage across resistor is I50V and the frequency of power supply is 50Hz. Calculate the voltage of power supply and the phase angle. Given: Inductance L = 318mH = 318 x 10°H Resistance R = 75Q AC frequency f = 50Hz Voltage across resistor Ve = 150V Required: Supply voltage v = ?, Phase angle 6 = ? Solution: The inductive reactance Xi is X= a = 2nf xb or X.= 2x 3.14 x SOHz x 318x 103H Or X, = 99852 x 103Ws/Ax V/s Hence, X.= 99.852V / A= 99.8520 The supply voltage relation is V = 1 xZ (i) For series AC circuit the current is same through all components therefore total current '' can be calculated by calculating the current across the resistor Ie. Such that Ir = 1 ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 7www.classnotes. xyz Physics [= “= BL (i) For series Ri circuit the impedance Z is given by the relation 1s REE AE Putting values: 2 = /(750)? + (99.850)? Z= 1.24882 (ii) Putting equation (ii) and equation (ii) in equation (i), we get V = 2Ax 124.882 V = 249.76V = 250V The Phase angel '@' is 0 = tan"! % = ton 22.2828 Putting values = tan! S882 @ = 53.069 9. A resistor of resistance 30n is connected in series with a capacitor of capacitance 79.5 uF across a power supply of 50Hz and 100V. Find (a) impedance (b) current (c) phase angle and (c) equation for the instantaneous value of current. Given: Capacitance C = 79.59 =79.5 x 10-“F Resistance R = 300 AC frequency f = 50Hz Toot mean square voltage Vins = 100V Required: (a) The impedance 7 =2 (b) The cuent |= 2 (c) Phase angle 8 = 2 (d) Instantaneous current I= 2 ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 8www.classnotes. xyz Solution: The capacitive reactance Xc is 1 Xe a anf xc Xo= Faiaionanraeeio xX. r =0,0400 x 103 V/A = 400 Faves A (a) The impedance Z is 2= JR? + X? I= (@ony + ny 1=50Q (b)The current *I'is given 98 lins = “2 Putting values: Ims= 22% kms = 2A (c) The Phase angle @ is 0 = tan" Putting values: @ =rtan2 6 =53.12° (d) The instantaneous current | is x Sin (2nft + @) since Ios Imax = V2 lms, therefore Vi lins sin (2nft + ©) Putting values: Inst = V2 x 2A xsin {2.x 3. 14x 50) + 53.12°} Inst = 2.8284 x sin (31 4t + 53.12°) 10. A coil having a resistance of 70 and an inductance of 31.8mH is connected to 230V, 50Hz supply. Calculate (a) the circuit current (b) phase angle (c) power factor (d) power consumed. ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 Physicswww classnotes.xyz Given: Inductance L = 3.18mH = 31.8 x 103A Resistance R= 7 AC frequency f = 50Hz Root mean voltage Vins = 230V Required: (a) Curent | = 2 (b) Phase angle © = @ {c) Power factor cos 6 = ? (d) Power consumed

= @ Solution: The inductive reactance Xt is XL = @. =2nf x L Putting values =X. = 2x 3.14 x 5OH7 x 31.8 x 103H Or X= 9985.2 x 108 Vs /Ax/1 s hence, Xi = 9.9852V | A = 9.98520 The impedance is Z= JR? + Xz, Putting values: Z= /(70)? + (9.98520) Hence, 2 = 12.194 (a) The current |is given OS ln = “2 za0v, Putting values: Imo = ae Inax= 18.864 (bJThe phase angle @ is @ = tan! ** Putting values: @ = fanr! “3528 O= 54.95° = 55 ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 Physicswww.classnotes. xyz Physics The power factor cos 6 is cos 8 = cos 50° =0.5731 The power consumed is

=hms Vers COS @ Putting values

= 18.86A x 230V x 0.573 Or

= 2484.24 W ClassNotes, Inc. © 2020 "